US3693347A - Steam injection in gas turbines having fixed geometry components - Google Patents

Steam injection in gas turbines having fixed geometry components Download PDF

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US3693347A
US3693347A US142471A US3693347DA US3693347A US 3693347 A US3693347 A US 3693347A US 142471 A US142471 A US 142471A US 3693347D A US3693347D A US 3693347DA US 3693347 A US3693347 A US 3693347A
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steam
electrically connected
combination
flow communication
signal
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Paul H Kydd
William H Day
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
    • F01K21/047—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas having at least one combustion gas turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

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  • Optional means include: means for auto- 'L' g matically holding a constant cycle pressure ratio under a 6 all ambient conditions; temperature sensing control means for automatically adjusting steam injection in [56] References Cited both low and high temperature ambients to avoid visible plumes and to avoid acid condensation, respective- UNITED STATES PATENTS ly; or combined temperature and humidity sensing 2,959,005 ll/l960 Zara ..60/39.55 means automatically Plimizing swam 3,353,360 ll/l967 Gorzegno ..150/39.3 J under condilims of ambient temperature 2,678,531 5/1954 Miller ..60/39.05 and hum'dlty- 3,649,469 3/1972 MacBeth ..6()/39.55
  • gas turbines in the steam injection mode provides greater output, because of the increased mass flow through the turbine and because of the higher specific heat of the turbine working fluid.
  • a higher cycle efficiency also results, because this mass flow is obtained without the expenditure of additional compressor power, and the steam for the steam injection can be generated utilizing heat losses or exhaust heat which otherwise is not effectively utilized.
  • Control means are provided for utilizing the maximum amounts of steam that can be tolerated in the operation of gas turbines having fixed geometry components under various operating conditions.
  • Optional means are provided as follows: means for automatically holding a constant cycle pressure ratio (compressor discharge pressure/ambient pressure) under all ambient conditions; temperature sensing control means for automatically adjusting steam injection in both low and high temperature ambients to avoid visible plumes and to avoid acid condensation, respectively; or combined temperature and humidity sensing control means for automatically optimizing steam injection under all conditions of ambient temperature and humidity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of means according to this invention for automatically controlling the extent of steam injection employed in a fixed geometry continuous flow gas turbine;
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the control voltage generator shown in FIG. 1 including ambient temperature as a control parameter
  • FIG. 3 is another modification of the control voltage generator shown in FIG. 1 including both ambient temperature and ambient humidity as control parameters;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 considered together constitute a gas turbine performance map setting forth output and thermal efficiency as a function of ambient temperature at a series of turbine inlet temperatures;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an automatically controlled steam injection system according to this invention wherein in addition to the steam injection means of FIG. 1 steam is also generated from the heat in the coolant stream of a liquid cooled turbine and from the liner of the combustor and
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a system in which steam is generated at a substantially fixed rate and a control voltage generator according to this invention is used to adjust the admission of steam to the combustor.
  • high-pressure steam can be used to atomize heavy fuel oil and eliminate the cost and the power consumption of the atomizing air booster compressor.
  • Atomization energy for improved combustion is virtually unlimited with the use of heat recovery steam as the atomizing medium. Additional advantages also accrue in that by using high-pressure steam as the atomizing medium the problem of forma tion of deposits in the turbine and in the heat recovery boiler is reduced. Further, by concentrating the steam flow in the primary zone of the combustor the nitric oxide emission can be even more effectively reduced.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a gas turbine 10 having fixed geometry components; compressor 11, combustor l2 and turbine 13.
  • Gas turbine 10 has been provided with steam injection means and controls therefor in accordance with the instant invention.
  • the steam injection means comprises a steam separator 14 [which may for example be of the drum variety], conduit 16 carrying a hot water/steam mixture to steam separator 14, conduit 17, which conducts steam from steam separator 14 to the combustor 12, conduit 18 which removes liquid water to the feedwater pump 19, conduit 20 which conducts water to boiler 21, inlet water conduit 22 for water makeup and valved blowldown line 23.
  • a flash tank and pressure reducing valve combination as is shown in the aforementioned Gorzegno patent (incorporated by reference) may be substituted for steam separator 14.
  • compressor 11 takes in atmospheric air and forces it under substantial superatmospheric pressure into combustor 12.
  • Fuel is supplied to combustor 12 through fuel inlet 24 and steam is injected into combustor 12 via line 17.
  • Either high-pressure air or the steam (or suitable mixtures thereof) may be employed to atomize the fuel in combustor 12.
  • Combustion of the fuel in combustor 12 produces hot gases, which pass through turbine 13, where expansion of the hot gases occurs with the generation of mechanical energy part of which drives compressor 12 via shaft 26 and part of which is available to drive a load via shaft 27.
  • Control voltage generator 31 consists of the preset voltage source 32, pressure transducer 33 and comparator circuit 34. These components are electrically connected as shown.
  • voltage source 32 continuously applies a fixed biasing voltage E to comparator circuit 34 and pressure transducer 33 continuously applies voltage E, to comparator circuit 34, E being a voltage that is proportional to the compressor discharge pressure applied to pressure transducer 33 via conduit 36.
  • Comparator circuit 34 is adjusted so that for a voltage Ep reflecting a compressor discharge pressure equal to the selected operating value of cycle pressure ratio selected as described hereinabove, the bias voltage E is just compensated.
  • Valve in steam line 17 is controlled in the conventional manner (as by sensing the rotational speed of shaft 27) to compensate for large increases or decreases in gas turbine load.
  • Valve 25 may be a throttling/shut-off type valve or a bypass valve.
  • the device of FIG. 2 supplies a voltage to automatically control steam generation as a function of ambient temperature while the device shown in FIG. 3 supplies a voltage to automatically control steam generation as a function of both the ambient temperature and ambient relative humidity (RH).
  • All components shown in connection with all the control means disclosed herein are commercially available items.
  • the device 41 shown in FIG. 2 is interchangeable with control voltage generator 31 shown in FIG. 1.
  • Pressure transducer 42 is hydraulically connected via line 36 to the compressor discharge.
  • Voltage E having a value proportional to the compressor discharge pressure is supplied to comparator circuit 43 as described hereinabove.
  • Temperature sensor 44 e.g., a thermocouple or temperature transmitter such as GE/M AC type 550 manufactured by the General Electric Company, Instrument Department, Lynn, Mass.
  • Temperature sensor 44 is located at or near the compressor inlet emitting a voltage E reflecting the ambient temperature conditions.
  • Temperature sensor 44 is electrically connected to function generator 46 (e.g., GE/MAC type 566 function generator manufactured by the General Electric Company, Instrument Department, Lynn, Mass.) as shown so as to apply voltage E thereto.
  • function generator 46 e.g., GE/MAC type 566 function generator manufactured by the General Electric Company, Instrument Department, Lynn, Mass.
  • a bias voltage E is generated as a function of voltage E and, as a result, reflects the effect of any ambient temperature in the preselected range at I00 percent RH.
  • Voltages E and Ep are applied to comparator circuit 43 in the manner described hereinabove for comparator circuit 34.
  • the value of the voltage error (control voltage E if any, determines the setting of motorized bypass unit 37 in the same manner as described hereinabove.
  • control voltage E via bypass actuator 370
  • control voltage E will adjust the rate of steam injection to com-' bustor 12 as required to avoid visible plumes in the exhaust.
  • control voltage E will automatically properly adjust the rate of steam injection to combustor 12 to eliminate the acid condition. This mode of operation will allow satisfactory performance at all ambient relative humidities, but must sacrifice the opportunity to add more steam at ambient humidities lower than I00 percent RH.
  • the control voltage generator 51 includes pressure transducer 52, the electrical output (voltage Ep) of which passes to comparator circuit 53 as described hereinabove and the electrical signal E, is compared therein to biasing signal E which latter voltage factors into the automatic control function the parameters of ambient temperature and ambient humidity.
  • a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor e.g., of the surface ion exchange type as manufactured by the Amlab Company of Essex, Conn., used in a bridge circuit with thermistor compensation for temperature effects
  • the humidity sensor 54 is adjusted so that at 100 percent RH the output voltage E is zero and at zero relative humidity E is one unit.
  • Temperature sensor 55 is electrically connected to each of function generators 56 and 57.
  • Function generator 56 emits voltage E as some function of E (and therefore as a function of the ambient temperature) at 100 percent RH.
  • Function generator 56 is electrically connected to summing junction 58,which in turn is electrically connected to comparator circuit 53.
  • the electrical signal E impressed on function generator 57 generates the voltage designated as AE
  • This electrical signal (voltage AE reflects any requisite correction voltage for the actual ambient temperature at a relative humidity of zero or, in effect is indicative of the rate of steam injection that should be employed under these conditions.
  • Voltage A5 is then further modified (as described hereinbelow) in interpolation circuit 59 (e.g., voltage multiplier, type 5648 manufactured by General Electric Company, instrument Department, Lynn, Mass.) to reflect the actual ambient humidity sensed by humidity sensor 54.
  • Voltage E emitted by humidity sensor 54 reflects the actual ambient humidity and is indicative of the fraction of voltage AE that can form part of the bias voltage to be applied to comparator circuit 53.
  • both voltage E and voltage AE are introduced to interpolation circuit 59.
  • the interpolation circuit 59 electrically multiplies voltage AE by voltage E and the product thereof (voltage AE reflects the incremental rate of steam injection that can be tolerated at the ambient temperature and ambient relative humidity over the rate of steam injection permissible for the ambient temperature/100 percent RH condition.
  • Interpolation circuit 59 is electrically connected to summing junction 58 to which the electrical signals E (representing rate of steam injection for the ambient temperature at percent RH) and M5 (representing the increment of added rate of steam injection for ambient humidity) are introduced.
  • ln summing junction 58, E and A5 are added to produce the net biasing voltage E impressed upon comparator circuit 53. Any resulting error signal E; from comparator circuit 53 controls the setting of actuator 37a in the same manner described hereinabove thereby providing automatically optimized operation at all ambient temperatures (in the preselected range) and all ambient relative humidities.
  • control devices illustrated herein are electrical in nature, this invention is intended to encompass hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical analogs of these electrical devices. In each instance, it is required to produce a signal quantitatively related to the pressure ratio and interrelate a bias signal therewith.
  • the bias signal may have a constant value or may be variable either as a function of ambient temperature or as a function of both ambient temperature and ambient humidity.
  • Any one of the three optional control voltage generators described hereinabove may be utilized for controlling the steam injection into any given gas turbine.
  • the choice of which one is to be used will be determined by the characteristics of the gas turbine in question, the range of ambient temperature and rela' tive humidity over which the machine must operate and whether the power output and efficiency are to be optimized with regard to relative humidity.
  • the characteristics of the gas turbine which are important are the compressor map (pressure ratio versus air flow at various speeds), which defines the stall or pulsation limit as a function of speed, and the first stage turbine nozzle area.
  • the turbine nozzle area must be large enough that the compressor does not stall at maximum turbine inlet temperature and minimum ambient air temperature under which conditions the air flow and pressure ratio of the compressor are high due to the high inlet air density. Consequently at higher ambient temperatures additional mass flow can be accepted by the turbine without stalling the compressor.
  • the first step in selecting a control voltage generator from the options disclosed herein for a given gas turbine is to choose a turbine inlet temperature and steam flow which provides the desired balance between power output and efiiciency at the design point.
  • High turbine inlet temperatures provide maximum output (HQ 4).
  • Lower turbine inlet temperatures and higher steam flow produce a higher thermal efficiency (FIG. 5) down to the point at which the exhaust temperature is too low to generate the required amount of steam or at which the decline in available energy due to reduced turbine inlet temperature is no longer offset by the increase in available energy from the permissible in crease in steam addition.
  • the above-noted combination of turbine inlet temperature and steam flow will be chosen to increase the pressure ratio to the maximum that the compressor can deliver with an adequate stall margin.
  • the next step in selecting the control system is to investigate the performance of the gas turbine over the intended range of ambient temperature.
  • the objective is to maintain optimum performance over as wide a range of ambient conditions as are to be encountered. This is most easily accomplished by holding turbine inlet temperature constant via the conventional exhaust temperature measurement and fuel control system and holding pressure ratio constant at its maximum value by controlling the rate of steam injection. It may be that for the given gas turbine components and turbine inlet temperature constant pressure ratio operation can be achieved over the entire range of expected ambient temperature. In this case control voltage generator 31 will suffice.
  • control voltage generator 51 If it is desired to take advantage of the fact that low ambient relative humidity will reduce the tendency to generate an exhaust plume or stack condensation, one can extend the region of maximum steam flow and performance under low relative humidity conditions by using control voltage generator 51.
  • the gas turbine is one that may be operated at less than 100 percent speed a tachometer with a signal output proportional to speed may be introduced to sense the compressor speed and adjust the sensing of the pressure ratio (described hereinbelow) to reflect changes in speed.
  • the selected ambient temperature range may be as narrow as about 60F or as wide as at least llF depending upon the selected turbine inlet temperature. The higher the turbine inlet temperature, the greater the available ambient temperature range.
  • the operating ambient temperature range available which is free of visible plume or acid condensation in the exhaust, is 1 F (from 0 to 1 10F) at 14.17 psia inlet.
  • the rate e.g., pounds of steam/hour
  • the rate of injection of steam remains the only control parameter that is required to simultaneously achieve:
  • This invention thus, provides optional means that enable control of the steam injection rate.
  • These devices vary in their capabilities for accommodating the extent of ambient temperature range, when the pressure ratio is not held constant.
  • control signal generator device 31 the selected pressure ratio must be held constant and the turbine is operated at the constant selected turbine inlet temperature.
  • Increased efficiency can be obtained by utilizing superheated steam with a penalty of a slightly higher rate of production of nitric oxide. Still further increases in specific output and efficiency can be achieved by increasing the turbine inlet temperature. This is made possible by utilizing internal cooling. Arrangements for liquid cooling are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,446,48 l Kydd and 3,446,482l(ydd. Internal cooling, of course, results in heat losses from the gas stream. However, by using this lost heat to generate steam for injection into the gas turbine in addition to that generated from the turbine exhaust, approximately 70 percent of the performance decrease due to the heat losses can be recovered.
  • the liquid-cooled turbine parts actually function as a boiler in the cooling sequence.
  • the liquid coolant may either be circulated in a fully closed circuit or, in the case of water as the coolant, in an open circuit from which the steam that is generated may be withdrawn and replaced with make-up water.
  • the former arrangement has the advantage of minimizing contaminant content. Such is the arrangement shown in FIG. 6.
  • Gas turbine 60 comprises compressor 61, combustor 62 and liquid-cooled turbine 63.
  • the liquid coolant for turbine 63 and liquid coolant for com bustor 62 are used as sources of steam generation.
  • the rate of steam generation from these added sources is fixed by the amount of cooling required and is substantially constant.
  • the rate of steam generation (and steam injection) is not subject to the control means for the exhaust-generated steam, this does not pose a problem, because the turbine inlet temperature for a liquid-cooled turbine may be set sufficiently high to adequately accommodate the maximum rate of steam generation from the liquid coolant for turbine 63 and from the cooling of the liner of combustor 62 without visible plume or acid condensate formation.
  • the flow bypass 64 receives exhaust gas from turbine 63 via line 66.
  • Motorized actuator 64a receives control voltage E; from control voltage generator 67 electrically connected thereto and fixes the position of damper 64b in response to voltage 5;.
  • the position of damper 64b determines what proportion of the exhaust gas passes through bypass unit 64 to boiler 68 via line 66a and what proportion of the exhaust gas passes through bypass unit 64 to mixer 69 via line 71.
  • Control voltage generator 67 may be any of the options 31, 41 or 51 described hereinabove.
  • Steam from steam separator 77 passes to combustor 62 via line 81.
  • Valve 82 in steam line 81 is controlled in the conventional manner to compensate for large increases or decreases in gas turbine load.
  • Fuel is supplied to combustor 62 via pipe 83 and compressed air flows to combustor 62 from compressor 61 to burn the fuel and generate hot gases, which pass to liquid-cooled turbine 63.
  • the exhaust of the turbine may be used in part or in whole to generate steam at a substantially constant rate in which case the adjusting means would be disposed between the steam generating means and the combustor with which it is in flow communication.
  • the control voltage generator options of this invention would then be used to control the admission of steam to the combustor, the steam not injected into combustor 62 being diverted to other uses, such as process steam or space heating.
  • FIG. 7 Such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 7 in which elements the same as those in FIG. 1 have like numerals.
  • Flow splitter 91 with an adjustable baffle is connected between exhaust lines 38 and 38a. The baffle is positioned so that the amount of exhaust gas passing through boiler 21 is sufficient to generate steam at the maximum useable rate.
  • Control voltage generator 92 would be a modified version of options 31, 41, 51 described hereinabove and controls the admission of steam to combustor 12 by adjusting the setting of bypass unit 93 in which baffle 93b is positioned by motor actuator 93a. Unused steam is conducted to an alternate use via pipe 94. if too much steam is being generated for the combined demands of steam injection and the alternate use, the baffle in flow splitter 91 is reset.
  • flow splitter 91 The proper setting of flow splitter 91 will, therefore, depend on the requirements for injection steam and for the alternate use and the amount of steam generated in excess of that required for steam injection will affect the stack gas temperature. If the stack gas temperature is reduced to too low a level, the amount of steam that may be injected at low and at high ambient temperatures without the formation of visible plume or acid .condensate will be reduced.
  • a control signal derived from stack gas temperature sensor 96 should, therefore, be used to generate an additional signal to control voltage generator 92 contributing to bias voltage E in the same manner as humidity sensor 54 and interpolation circuit 59 contribute to signal E in control voltage generator 51.
  • the stack gas temperature can be raised and additional steam can be generated by the use of a supplemental burner (not shown), that would be located between flow splitter 91 and boiler 21.
  • a source of steam which employs some heat energy source for the conversion of water to steam other than the turbine exhaust or coolant streams.
  • the source of steam may be placed in flow communication with the combustor with a control voltage generator of this invention being used either to adjust the rate at which heat energy is provided for the steam generating function (as in FIGS. 1 and 6) or to adjust the admission of steam to the combustor (as in FIG. 7).
  • control devices of this invention may be incorporated either into existing machines or into new machines as described herein.
  • said steam generating means comprises a first steam generator in flow communication with the exhaust system of said turbine and a second steam generator in series with said first steam generator, said first steam generator alone having the exhaust gas input thereto adjustable by said adjusting means.
  • a. electrical signal comparing means having first and second inputs and having an output, said output being electrically connected to said adjusting means
  • said means for applying a bias signal includes a voltage generator and a temperature sensor having an electrical signal output quantitatively related to the temperature sensed, said temperature sensor being located adjacent the inlet to said compressor and being electrically connected to said voltage generator, said voltage generator being electrically connected to said second input and the bias signal generated thereby being quantitatively related to the signal from said temperature sensor.
  • the means for applying a bias signal includes a temperature sensor having an electrical signal output quantitatively related to the temperature sensed; first and second voltage generators electrically connected at their respective inputs to said temperature sensor; a humidity sensor hav ing an electrical signal output quantitatively related to the relative humidity sensed; a voltage multiplier having separate inputs electrically connected to the outputs of said second voltage generator and said humidity sensor, respectively; and the outputs of said first voltage generator and said voltage multiplier being electrically connected to a summing junction, the bias signal output of said summing junction being electrically connected to said comparing means and said temperature sensor and said humidity sensor being located adjacent the inlet to said compressor.
  • said adjusting means is a flow bypass having powered actuating means, said flow bypass being in flow communication with the outlet of said turbine, with said steam generating means and with mixing means located downstream in the turbine exhaust system.
  • a. electrical signal comparing means having first and second inputs and having an output, said output being electrically connected to said adjusting means
  • comparing means means electrically connected to said first input of said comparing means and in flow communication with the compressor discharge for sensing the compressor discharge pressure and generating a pressure-response signal quantitatively related thereto and c. means electrically connected to said second input of said comparing means for applying a bias signal thereto, said comparing means supplying a control signal to said adjusting means via said output when the relationship between said bias signal and said pressure-response signal deviates from some predetermined value.
  • said means for applying a control bias signal includes a voltage generator and a temperature sensor having an electrical signal output quantitatively related to the temperature sensed, said temperature sensor being located adjacent the inlet to said compressor and being electrically connected to said voltage generator, said voltage generator being electrically connected to said second input and the bias signal generated thereby being quantitatively related to the signal from said temperature sensor.
  • the means for applying a bias signal includes a temperature sensor having an electrical signal output quantitatively related to the temperature sensed; first and second voltage generators electrically connected at their respective inputs to said temperature sensor; a humidity sensor having an electrical signal output quantitatively related to the relative humidity sensed, a voltage multiplier hav ing separate inputs electrically connected to the outputs of said second voltage generator and said humidity sensor, respectively; and the outputs of said first voltage generator and said voltage multiplier being electrically connected to a summing junction, the output of said summing junction being electrically connected to said comparing means and said temperature sensor and said humidity sensor being located adjacent the inlet to said compressor.
  • a liquidcooled turbine is mechanically connected to and drives a compressor; said compressor supplies compressed air to a combustor in flow communication therewith; steam injecting means including steam generating means is in flow communication with said combustor and supplies steam thereto; means in flow communication with said combustor supplies fuel thereto for combustion thereof with air in said combustor for the generation of hot gases and said combustor supplies the hot gases generated therein to said turbine being in flow communication therewith, the combination with said steam injecting means of:
  • first steam generating means in flow communication with the exhaust system of said turbine
  • c. means in flow communication with said compressor for generating a control signal
  • d. means connected to said control signal generating means and responsive to said control signal for ad justing the flow of exhaust gas to said first steam generating means.
  • a. electrical signal comparing means having first and second inputs and having an output, said output being electrically connected to said adjusting means
  • comparing means means electrically connected to said first input of said comparing means and in flow communication with the compressor discharge for sensing the compressor discharge pressure and generating a pressure-response signal quantitatively related thereto and c. means electrically connected to said second input of said comparing means for applying a bias signal thereto, said comparing means supplying a control signal to said adjusting means via said output when the relationship between said bias signal and said pressure-response signal deviates from some predetermined value.
  • said means for applying a bias signal includes a voltage generator and a temperature sensor having an electrical signal output quantitatively related to the temperature sensed, said temperature sensor being located adjacent the inlet to said compressor and being electrically connected to said voltage generator, said voltage generator being electrically connected to said second input and the bias signal generated thereby being quantitatively related to the signal from said temperature sensor.
  • the means for applying a bias signal includes a temperature sensor having an electrical signal output quantitatively related to the temperature sensed; first and second voltage generators electrically connected at their respective inputs to said temperature sensor; a humidity sensor hav ing an electrical signal output quantitatively related to the relative humidity sensed; a voltage multiplier having separate inputs electrically connected to the outputs of said second voltage generator and said humidity sensor, respectively; and the outputs of said first voltage generator and said voltage multiplier being electrically connected to a summing junction, the bias signal output of said summing junction being electrically connected to said comparing means and said temperature sensor and said humidity sensor being located adjacent the inlet to said compressor.

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CA952603A (en) 1974-08-06
DE2222689A1 (de) 1972-11-16
GB1348358A (en) 1974-03-13
FR2137698A1 (it) 1972-12-29
NL7206402A (it) 1972-11-14

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