US3780528A - Thermodynamic reciprocating machine with controlled fuel/air supply - Google Patents

Thermodynamic reciprocating machine with controlled fuel/air supply Download PDF

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Publication number
US3780528A
US3780528A US00226913A US3780528DA US3780528A US 3780528 A US3780528 A US 3780528A US 00226913 A US00226913 A US 00226913A US 3780528D A US3780528D A US 3780528DA US 3780528 A US3780528 A US 3780528A
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flow
air
fuel
duct
valve
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US00226913A
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English (en)
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K Brandenburg
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F02G1/047—Controlling by varying the heating or cooling

Definitions

  • thermodynamic reciprocating engine i combina tion with a carburetor having inlets and control [52] 60/39'27 2351 3 apparatus responsive tdair andTuel flOw for providing 51 1m. (:1. F02g 3/02 optmum 5 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures PATENTEU BER 2 5 I975 SHEET 1 [IF 2 PATENTEDBECZS um I 3.780.528
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machine comprising a burner device having a fuel inlet as well as an inlet for air of combustion with which a duct of air of combustion communicates, which latter communicates with the outlet of a device for supplying air of combustion coupled to a shaft of the machine, in which a control apparatus reacting to at least one parameter of the machine is present for controlling a fuel flow to the fuel inlet and in which the quantity of air of combustion to be supplied is controlled in proportion to the supplied quantity of fuel by means of a control member which operates a control mechanism in the duct for air of combustion, in which duct a flow restricting element is present which provides a signal proportional to the speed of the flow of air of combustion through the said duct,'which signal influences the control member.
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machines it is known to couple a fan for the supply of air to the burner device directly to the shaft of the machine so that the number of revolutions of the fan is determined only by the number of revolutions of the machine.
  • the control apparatus which controls the fuel supply to the burner device can react to one or several parameters. For example, it may react only to the heater temperature of the machine (British Patent Specification 895,869), to both the heater temperature and to the average pressure of the working medium in the machine (British Patent Specification 65 5,935) or, for example, to the said average pressure in combination with the number of revolutions of the machine (British Patent Specification 691,785, Dutch Patent Specification 68,679).
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machines in which the fan is coupled to a shaft of the machine and in which the supply of air of combustion is controlled in direct dependence upon the fuel supply, it is a problem since the use of a fuel pressure differential gauge is avoided for the above-mentioned reasons to adapt the control of air with a given fan characteristic (yield versus number of revolutions) to the fuel control in such manner that irrespective of the number of revolutions of the fan the correct air-fuel ratio is always obtained.
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machine is characterized in that a device is present for supplying a pressure medium under a constant pressure and having a maximn outlet with which a medium outlet duct communicates, the medium outlet duct, taken from the medium outlet, comprising successively a control element, a further flow restricting element and a fixed restriction, the control apparatus also operating the control element for controlling the flow of medium through the medium outlet duct in proportion to the flow of fuel controlled by said apparatus, the further flow restricting element providing a further signal which is proportional to the speed of the flow of medium and which influences the control member in a sense opposite to the signal originating from the flow restricting element.
  • the flow of air of combustion is not controlled directly but indirectly, via the medium flow as an auxiliary flow, in proportion to the flow of fuel.
  • the medium flow may be large in comaprison with the fuel flow so that the further flow restricting element provides a comparatively large signal representing the medium flow in a reliable manner.
  • the control apparatus ensures that the flow of medium is varied in proportion to the fuel flow, for which purpose the characteristic of the fuel control element and that of the medium control element are adapted to each other.
  • the control apparatus may have a universal construction and application.
  • the medium control system may have a universal construction; the elements from which this circuit is constructed may be the same for all the cases occurring in practice.
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machines having their fan coupled to a shaft of the machine, irrespective of the type of machine and fan characteristic.
  • the required adaptation of the air control to the fuel control occurs once and is generally solved in designing the control system, and is incorporated in said system.
  • pressure sensors may be used which sense the overall pressure (static pressure plus dynamic pressure) and supply a pressure signal which again directly influences the control member or is first converted into another signal, for example an electric signal.
  • anemometers for example hot wire flow meters, the latter providing an electric signal directly.
  • the flow restricting element and the further flow restricting element in the same control system need not be the same type of element, that is to say the flow restricting element may be, for example, a Venturi, while the further flow resricting element is a Pitot tube, a measuring plate, an overall pressure sensor and so on, provided the signal characteristics correspond mutually.
  • the flow restricting element may be, for example, a Venturi
  • the further flow resricting element is a Pitot tube, a measuring plate, an overall pressure sensor and so on, provided the signal characteristics correspond mutually.
  • a flow restricting element in the duct for air of combustion is to be preferred an element which provides a pressure differential (dynamic pressure gauge) over an element which provides one pressure signal (static pressure plug dynamic pressure).
  • dynamic pressure gauge dynamic pressure gauge
  • static pressure plug dynamic pressure static pressure plug dynamic pressure
  • FIG. I shows a thermodynamic reciprocating machine having a fan coupled to a shaft of the machine and comprising an air-fuel control system.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a pressure differential converter in which a difference in two pressures supplied to it are converted into an electric signal.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a combined pressure differential comparison and converting element in which two pressure differentials (four pressure signals) supplied thereto are compared and the difference therebetween is converted into an electric signal.
  • Reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1 denotes a thermodynamic reciprocating machine comprising a burner device 2 having a fuel inlet 3 with which a fuel duct 4 communicates and comprising an inlet 5 for air of combustion with which a duct 6 for air of combustion communicates which conmunicates with the outlet 7 of a fan 9 coupled to a shaft 8 of the machine 1.
  • a control apparatus 10 which reacts to the electric signal originating from a temperature-sensitive element 11 and which element senses the temperature of a heater of the machine not, shown operates an electromagnetic valve 12 in the fuel duct 4. By means of said valve a fuel flow to the burner device 2 is controlled in accordance with the heater temperature.
  • the control apparatus 10 When the heater temperature increases, for example by reduction of the power derived from the machine, the control apparatus 10 ensures that the valve 12 is closed more so that less fuel flows to the burner device 2. Conversely, when the heater temperature decreases, the control apparatus 10 ensures that the valve 12 is opened more so that more fuel is passed. Fuel may be supplied in the manner as described, for example, in the British Patent Specification 895,869.
  • a control member 13 operates a control mechanism 14, for example a throttle valve, in the duct for air of combustion.
  • the control member controls in accordance with the difference signal between the signals originating from a flow restricting element 15 present in the duct 6 for air of combustion and from a further flow restricting element 20, which elements each supply a signal which is proportional to the flow rate through the relevant duct.
  • a device 16 is present which supplies a pressure medium under a constant pressure and in this case consists of a compressor for atomized air which normally is already present to supply the air which is guided along the atomizers of the fuel burners so as to obtain a good nebulisation of the fuel.
  • the compressor 16 comprises an outlet 17 with which an outlet duct 18 communicates. Incorporated in they outlet duct 18 are an electromagnetic valve 19 as a control element for the air flow through the outlet duct, the further flow restricting element 20 which, as already stated, influences the control member 13, and a fixed restriction 21.
  • the control apparatus 10 operates both the valve 12 in the fuel duct 4 and the electromagnetic valve 19.
  • the characteristics of electromagnetic valves 12 and 19 are matched mutually, as well as the characteristics of the flow restricting element 15 and the further flow restricting element 20.
  • the flow restricting element and the further flow restricting element may be different types of instruments, while other instruments are to be considered, for example, Pitot tubes, Venturis, measuring plates with which pressure differentials proportional to the flow rate are produced, pressure sensors which measure the overall pressure or anemometers such as electric anemometers which provide an electric signal which is a measure of the flow.
  • the control member 13 may be a hydraulic control member which is controlled hydraulically by pressure and pressure differential signals, respectively, originating from elements 15 and 20. It may also be an electric comparison element which compares electric signals originating directly from elements and (anemometers) or originating therefrom indirectly (pressure differential) signals converted into electric signals) and operates the control mechanism 14 on the basis of the difference signal.
  • Conversion of a pressure differential into a corresponding electric signal may be carried out, for example, in a converter as shown in FIG. 2 to be described hereinafter.
  • control system shown in FIG. 1 The operation of the control system shown in FIG. 1 is further as follows.
  • air of combustion is supplied to the burner device 2 by the fan 9 coupled to the shaft 8 of the machine 1 while fuel is supplied to the said burner device via fuel duct 4, in a manner not shown.
  • Compressor 16 supplies a flow of air of a sufficiently high pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure, which flows away to the atmosphere via outlet duct 18.
  • a constant air flow flows through the duct 18 and the pressure between said valve and the fixed restriction 21 is also constant with the exception of a possible influence of variations in the ambient pressure hereon.
  • the element 20 may be of the type which provides a pressure differential. The influence of ambient pressure variations is then eliminated in an analogous manner to the influence of pressure variations in the burner device of the duct for air of combustion.
  • the value of the signal produced by the flow restricting element 15 will also increase in the first instance as a result of which the control member 13 is forced to slightly close again the control mechanism 14 which in turn results in a reduction of the signal produced by the flow restricting element 15 as a result of which the control mechanism 14 is again opened slightly further, and so on.
  • the control system When the heater temperature increases, the control system operates in the opposite direction from in the case of a decrease of the heater temperature, that is to say, the control apparatus 10 in that case closes the valves 12 and 19 further so that the flow of air through the outlet duct 19 decreases to the same extent as the fuel flow through the fuel duct 4.
  • the valve of the signal supplied by the further flow restricting element 20 also decreases, which has for its result that the control member 13 closes the control mechanism 14 further and less air of combustion is passed.
  • control mechanism 14 may also be provided in other places, for example, between the fan 9 and the flow restricting element 15 or on the inlet side of the fan.
  • the signal supplied by the flow restricting element 15 will also vary due to the varied fan yield.
  • the control member 13 will further open or close the control mechanism 14 so that upon variation of the number of revolutions of the fan the quantity of air of combustion passed to the burner device 2 remains unchanged irrespective of the fan characteristic.
  • the control system described is simple and compact of construction, may have a universal construction and application for all types of thermodynamic reciprocating machines having a fan coupled to a shaft of the machine, irrespective of the type of fan.
  • Reference numeral 30 in FIG. 2 denotes a housing in which a diaphragm 31 is arranged which is secured to the housing and which separates a chamber 32 from a chamber 33.
  • Chamber 32 is accessible via an inlet 34, chamber 33 via an inlet 35.
  • the diaphragm 31 supports a magnetic element 36 which faces a soft iron core 37 with induction coil 38 arranged inside the chamber 33. Electric conductors 39 are connected to the induction coil and are passed out through the wall of the housing 30.
  • the two different pressures which are supplied by the flow restricting element 15 or the further flow restricting element 20, constructed, for example, as Venturis, may be applied to the inlets 34 and 35.
  • FIG. 3 shows a housing 40 having a partition 41 which divides the space inside the housing into two subspaces.
  • One sub-space consists of two chambers 42 and 43 separated from each other by a diaphragm 44, the other subspace consisting of two chambers 45 and 46 separated from each other by a diaphragm 47.
  • Diaphragms 44 and 47 are connected at one end to the housing 40 and at the other end to a common rod 48 which can reciprocate in the axial direction and is passed through the partition 41 through an aperture 49.
  • Chambers 42, 43, 45, 46 each comprise an inlet 50, 51, 52 and 53, respectively.
  • the rod 48 At its one end the rod 48 comprises a magnetic element 54 which faces a soft iron core 55 with induction coil 56 arranged inside the chamber 42 and to which electric conductors 57 are connected which are passed to the exterior through the wall of the housing 40.
  • induction coil 56 arranged inside the chamber 42 and to which electric conductors 57 are connected which are passed to the exterior through the wall of the housing 40.
  • the control mechanism 14 in the duct 6 for air of combustion of FIG. 1 can be directly controlled by the signal supplied by the induction coil 56.
  • thermodynamic engine including a burner for combustion of fuel and air, with a fuel inlet fed by a fuel duct, an air inlet fed by an air duct, a flow valve in each of said ducts, a heater heated by the burner, a temperature sensing element indicating heater temperature, a device for supplying air to said air duct, drive means from said engine to said device, the improvement in combination therewith of control apparatus responsive to at least one parameter of the engine for controlling said fuel flow and for controlling said air flow to be proportionate to said fuel flow, comprising, an air flow restricting element in the air duct intermediate said air supply device and the air flow valve responsive to air flow therethrough and providing a corresponding 1st signal, a source of constant pressure fluid medium, an outlet duct for said medium flow, a main valve controlling flow through said outlet duct, a second flow restricting element in said outlet duct downstream of said main valve for providing a second flow signal, a fixed restriction in said outlet duct downstream of said second flow-restricting element, a control apparatus responsive
  • control member comprises a housing with first and second ports, a diaphragm within the housing dividing same into first and second chambers, an electromagnetic transducer having one fixed and one moving part, one of these parts secured to said diaphragm and the other to the housing in the first chamber, the first and second ports communicating with said flow-restricting elements respectively of the medium flow and air flow ducts, whereby the diaphragm registers the pressure differential between said elements and the electromagnetic transducer is actuated by the diaphragm and produces a corresponding electrical signal to said flow valve in the air flow duct.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
US00226913A 1971-03-04 1972-02-16 Thermodynamic reciprocating machine with controlled fuel/air supply Expired - Lifetime US3780528A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7102862.A NL157689B (nl) 1971-03-04 1971-03-04 Heetgaszuigermotor, waarbij de brandstoftoevoer aan de branderinrichting wordt geregeld door middel van een op ten minste een parameter van de motor reagerend regelapparaat.

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US3780528A true US3780528A (en) 1973-12-25

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US (1) US3780528A (de)
JP (1) JPS5237144B1 (de)
CA (1) CA956468A (de)
DE (1) DE2209779C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2127967A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1383806A (de)
NL (1) NL157689B (de)
SE (1) SE372310B (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3918254A (en) * 1974-05-16 1975-11-11 Woodward Governor Co Fuel control for a gas turbine having auxiliary air bleed
US3930134A (en) * 1973-09-27 1975-12-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pneumatic power-unit having a driving piston and an exhaust valve
US3986347A (en) * 1973-12-06 1976-10-19 Phillips Petroleum Company Combustor process for low-level NOx and CO emissions
US4041698A (en) * 1975-06-03 1977-08-16 Kommanditbolaget United Stirling (Sweden) Ab & Co. External combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation of constant mass flow rate
US4067191A (en) * 1975-10-10 1978-01-10 Forenade Fabriksverken System for supplying fuel and combustion air to an external combustion engine
US4106285A (en) * 1974-11-20 1978-08-15 Hubers Cornelius Method for regulating the driving power of an expansion engine and expansion engine for carrying out this process
RU2131048C1 (ru) * 1998-01-06 1999-05-27 Григорчук Владимир Степанович Тепловой двигатель в.с.григорчука
US6285922B1 (en) * 1995-11-27 2001-09-04 Fritz Bloss Device for controlling a gas-air mixture for a gas flame treatment
US20100221124A1 (en) * 2008-08-26 2010-09-02 Panasonic Corporation Fluid transporting device using conductive polymer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2502747A2 (fr) * 1981-03-27 1982-10-01 Exxon France Bruleur a regulateur d'air

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3930134A (en) * 1973-09-27 1975-12-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pneumatic power-unit having a driving piston and an exhaust valve
US3986347A (en) * 1973-12-06 1976-10-19 Phillips Petroleum Company Combustor process for low-level NOx and CO emissions
US3918254A (en) * 1974-05-16 1975-11-11 Woodward Governor Co Fuel control for a gas turbine having auxiliary air bleed
US4106285A (en) * 1974-11-20 1978-08-15 Hubers Cornelius Method for regulating the driving power of an expansion engine and expansion engine for carrying out this process
US4041698A (en) * 1975-06-03 1977-08-16 Kommanditbolaget United Stirling (Sweden) Ab & Co. External combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation of constant mass flow rate
US4067191A (en) * 1975-10-10 1978-01-10 Forenade Fabriksverken System for supplying fuel and combustion air to an external combustion engine
US6285922B1 (en) * 1995-11-27 2001-09-04 Fritz Bloss Device for controlling a gas-air mixture for a gas flame treatment
RU2131048C1 (ru) * 1998-01-06 1999-05-27 Григорчук Владимир Степанович Тепловой двигатель в.с.григорчука
US20100221124A1 (en) * 2008-08-26 2010-09-02 Panasonic Corporation Fluid transporting device using conductive polymer
US8449273B2 (en) * 2008-08-26 2013-05-28 Panasonic Corporation Fluid transporting device using conductive polymer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2209779A1 (de) 1972-09-14
NL157689B (nl) 1978-08-15
DE2209779B2 (de) 1979-12-20
CA956468A (en) 1974-10-22
FR2127967A5 (de) 1972-10-13
SE372310B (de) 1974-12-16
NL7102862A (de) 1972-09-06
JPS5237144B1 (de) 1977-09-20
GB1383806A (en) 1974-02-12
DE2209779C3 (de) 1980-08-28

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