US3786401A - Contact socket - Google Patents

Contact socket Download PDF

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Publication number
US3786401A
US3786401A US00189672A US3786401DA US3786401A US 3786401 A US3786401 A US 3786401A US 00189672 A US00189672 A US 00189672A US 3786401D A US3786401D A US 3786401DA US 3786401 A US3786401 A US 3786401A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sleeve
contact
arms
socket
pin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00189672A
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English (en)
Inventor
C Jones
O Poupitch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Illinois Tool Works Inc
Original Assignee
Illinois Tool Works Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Illinois Tool Works Inc filed Critical Illinois Tool Works Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3786401A publication Critical patent/US3786401A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
    • H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
    • H01R13/114—Resilient sockets co-operating with pins or blades having a square transverse section

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An integral electrical contact socket having a sleeve and a plurality of spring arms folded back within the bore of the sleeve and extending longitudinally thereof which enables the contact socket to aggressively impinge an associated contact pin upon its insertion in the socket.
  • the contact arm may be twisted substantially about its longitudinal axis which will provide firm line contact with an associated pin.
  • the contact arms of the prior art are generally cantilevered from a fixed cylinder and tend to provide only point contact between a pin and the socket. Unsupported cantilevered contact arms tend to lose spring pressure and consequently cause intermitent electrical contact between the pin and socket.
  • the space requirements in the microminiature environments naturally require maximization of spring energy in the flexingcontact elements to provide a sound electrical contact'while maximizing the size of an associated pin member to provide a firm and efficient mechanical joint.
  • a sleeve member having integral spring contact arms folded over within the bore of the sleeve and having portions biased radially inwardly of the sleeve for aggressive contact with a pin member.
  • the integral arms include portions lying flat or closely juxtaposed to the inner wall of the sleeve member which allows theent ire arm member to be pressed flat against the inner surface of 1 the sleeve upon associationwith a pin member.
  • embodiment of the invention provides for twisting a portion of the contact arm substantially about the longitudinal axis of the arm to provide aggressive line contact, rather than point contact, with an associated pin member.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective, partially cutaway, view showing a preferred embodiment of the socket member which is the subject of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3--3 in FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are plan and end views, respectively, of the preferred embodiment of the invention in an initial stage of construction.
  • FIG. 6 is an end view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an end view of another embodiment of the invention, similar to that shown in FIG. 6 but showing a generally square sleeve member.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line 99 of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. II shows a preferred embodiment of female or socket contact 10.
  • the contact body is an integral unit including a sleeve or ferrule 12 having a plurality of contact members or arms l4 folded back within the bore of the sleeve and extending longitudinally within the sleeve.
  • Each arm 14 includes at least a portion 16 which extends radially inward of the sleeve.
  • the arms 14 also include at least a portion 18 lying flat against the inner wall 20 of the sleeve.
  • the portion of the arm 16 which extends into the bore is preformed and biased inwardly to provide the arm with substantial spring energy to electrically connect with an associated pin socket (not shown) which may be inserted through opening 22 in the socket.
  • an associated pin socket (not shown) which may be inserted through opening 22 in the socket.
  • the one-piece socket 10 allows internally extending spring members to be completely flattened against the inner wall of the sleeve 12. This characteristic is especially important in providing a connector system for microminiature environments.
  • the integral, folded back contact arms 14 of the invention will allow an associated pin to be made of a maximum relative dimension in order to provide, as much as possible, a structurally sound connection.
  • the radially extending portion 16 in the preferred embodiment, is twisted or bent about an axis generally longitudinal of the arm 14, or about an axis which is more longitudinal than lateral to the arm 14.
  • the arms 14 shown in FIGS. l-3 are, therefore, deformed-or bent about a line of intersection such as 36.
  • This line of intersection 36 serves as the hinge and the basis for the spring energy in the contact system.
  • the line is shown to extend from one longitudinal side of the arm to the other at a small acute angle A, which is shown to be substantially less than 45.
  • the associated pin or male member makes initial contact with the radially biased portion 16 at a point 34 near the opening or aperture 22 in the socket.
  • a firm, aggressive impingement with edge 38 of the biased portion 16 and with portions of surface 40 will result.
  • a smooth, controlled insertion force exerted by the associated pin will provide the necessary and required electrical contact and connection between two members.
  • the contact between the radially biased portion 16 and an associated pin member will be a line contact extending a substantial axial extent of the pin member.
  • a socket in accordance with the invention, may be constructed of any number of arms, and the sleeve may take a variety of cross-sectional configurations
  • the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3 describes four such integral arms in a square sleeve.
  • the angle B shown in FIG. 2 as the angle which the terminal portion of the inwardly extending arms makes with the remaining flat portion 18, governs the radially inward extension of spring portion 16 and, therefore, is indicative of the spring energy residing in the contact arms.
  • the unique twisting configuration of portions 16 enables a plurality of arms, such as the four arms 14 shown in FIG. 2, to be utilzied without limiting the inward bias of portions 16.
  • the amount of maximum biasing would be limited by the width of the individual arms.
  • the placement of all of the portion 16 at angles consistent with one another enables the initial flexure or spring energy to be maximized without total dependence on the width of the arms.
  • FIGS. 6-10 alternate embodiments of the invention are shown, wherein the contact structure is similar to that described above,as indicated by the application of identical reference numerals with suffixes a and b added to the corresponding identical elements.
  • the contact socket 10a shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is provided with a generally cylindrical sleeve 12a having integrally attached spring-like contact arms 14a bent over and extending within the sleeve. While two contact arms 140 are shown, it should be apparent that any number of contact arms can be provided and still come within the scope of the invention.
  • These bent over integral arms 14a include support portions 180 situated near the opening 22a and at the extremity of the arm. The spring-like pressure and aggressive contact is provided by the portions 16a which are biased inwardly toward each other and provide the necessary spring energy to allow an associated pin (not shown) to be inserted with a smooth, controlled force.
  • the portions 18a of the arm advantageously provide intimate contact at all times between the arm and the inner surface of the sleeve. Such contact on either end of the biased portion 16a allows the contact arm to be totally flat against the inner surface upon total compression. Also, the support at either end of the spring portion 16a conserves the energy and gives a greater reaction force than a true cantilever supported spring.
  • a further inventive feature is the provision of guides or slots such as 30. These slots receive, and are radially aligned with, associated contact arm members 14a. As a pin is inserted in the socket, the bowed portion will be depressed against the bottom surface of the groove 30. Upon total depression, the diametral distance between arms 14a will be substantially the same as the diametral distance between the inner surfaces 20a. The arms will be substantially flush with the inner wall. In accordance with the discussions above, this will allow for further spring energy to be built into the system and will allow a larger contact pin to be associated with the socket.
  • FIGS. 8 through 10 a further embodiment of the invention is shown as a socket 10b having a square cross-sectional configuration As in the embodimetns shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, socket 10b is provided with integral folded back arms 14b having bowed portions 16b providing the spring energy with which electrical contact is achieved and insured. Substantially flat portions 18b are situated at either end of the bowed portions to provide additional support to the structure, as indicated above. Guides or slots 32 may also be provided to increase the effective inner diameter of the socket.
  • a further feature of guide or slot means 30 or 32 is i the added stability and structural integrity which they present to a one-piece spring socket member.
  • the axial force exerted on the baised portion 16b will force the arm to move in only two directions.
  • the arm will be compressed radially against the inner wall 20b and the extremity 18b will be forced in a direction longitudinally of the socket.
  • the guide means 32 or 30 will not allow lateral movement of the arms 14a or 14b. Insertion of an associated pin may be accompanied by slight rotation forces which tend to impart lateral movement to arms. This additional stress on a spring member of the size utilized in small environments could be extremely deleterious to the life of the spring member. It is apparent, therefore, that the provision of guides or slot means increases the efficiency of a socket member.
  • a blank 42 is provided having portions 12 and 14 which will eventually be formed into the sleeve and contact members respectively.
  • the longitudinal edges of this blank will, accordingly, form a seam, such as 26 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the tab means 28 may serve to position the workpiece 42 for further deformation and may aid in connection of a wire in portion 24 of the socket.
  • This connection may be of any type known in the art, such as crimping or soldering or the like.
  • Portions 16 are shown initially deformed at angles substantially .identical to each other. This will provide the advantageous configuration shown in FIG. 2.
  • the arms 14 will be folded over on top of portion 12 with portions 18 firmly and intimately contacting the surface of element 12.
  • spring portions 16 will be allowed toflex inwardly and will thus retain all of the spring energy for reaction with an associated pin member.
  • the body 12 may then be deformed to provide the sleeve with either a square, circular or polygonal cross section.
  • a female contact member having integral internal flexing contact elements to establish separable electric contact in an electrical circuit, and more particularly having spring-like portions which are arranged within a sleeve to provide a maximum of spring energy and allow cross section of an associated pin member to be maximized.
  • a one-piece electrical contact socket adapted to receive an associated contact pin through the mouth of the bore of the socket, comprising a sleeve member with contact arms positioned within the sleeve and integrally attached thereto at the mouth of the socket, the contact arms extending generally longitudinally within the sleeve and including preformed spring means forming a portion of said arms and biased radially inwardly of the remaining portio'ns'of the associated arms, 2 Iongitudinal segmentof the remaining portions of the arms bearing against a longitudinal segment of the inner wall of the sleeve from the mouth of the socket extending inwardly when the spring means is in a noncompressed state which allows the springmeans to lie flat and bear against the inner wall of the sleeve when said spring means is in a compressed state while maintaining aggressive electrical contact with a pin and maximizing the aperture into which the associated pin is inserted, the portion of the bore including the flat remaining portions of the arms having a cross-sectional area substantially identical to the aperture formed by the mouth
  • An electrical contact socket in accordance with claim 1 which includes a plurality of radially spaced spring arms extending inwardly of the sleeve and integrally joined thereto.
  • An electrical contact socket adapted to receive a contact pin at one end thereof and to be electrically connected to wire at the other end, comprising a contact portion and sleeve portion, the contact portion including at least one spring arm extending inwardly of the sleeve and integrally joined thereto, said spring arm including a portion formed at an angle to the remaining portion of the spring arm, the angled portion extending generally longitudinal of the spring arm and intersecting the plane of the remaining portion of the spring arm at a line which extends from one longitudinal edge of the spring arm to the other, said line extends at a small acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the spring arm thereby providing aggressive line contact over a substantial length of an associated-contact pin and the spring arm.
  • a one-piece electrical contact socket adapted to receive an associated contact pin, comprising a sleeve member with contact arms positioned within the sleeve and integrally attached thereto, the internal walls of the sleeve member including grooves extending longitudinally of the sleeve and adapted to receive the contact arms to stabilize the arm and guide its movement relative to the sleeve upon compression of the spring means, the contact arms extending generally longitudinally of the sleeve and including preformed spring means biased radially inwardly of the associated arms, a portion of the arms bearing against the inner periphery of the sleeve when the spring means is in a noncompressed state which allows the spring means to lie flat against the inner periphery of the sleeve when said spring means is in a compressed state while maintaining aggressive electrical contact with a pin and maximizing the aperture into which the associated pin is inserted.
  • a one-piece electrical contact socket adapted to receive an associated contact pin comprising a sleeve member with contact arms positioned within the sleeve and including preformed spring means which are portions of the contact arms twisted about an axis generally longitudinally of the arms and biased radially inwardly of the associated arms, a portion of the arms bearing against the inner periphery of the sleeve when the spring means is in a noncompressed state which allows the spring means to lie flat against the inner periphery of the sleeve when said spring means is in a compressed state while maintaining aggressive electrical contact with a pin and maximizing the aperture into which the associated pin is inserted.

Landscapes

  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
US00189672A 1971-10-15 1971-10-15 Contact socket Expired - Lifetime US3786401A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18967271A 1971-10-15 1971-10-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3786401A true US3786401A (en) 1974-01-15

Family

ID=22698322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00189672A Expired - Lifetime US3786401A (en) 1971-10-15 1971-10-15 Contact socket

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3786401A (it)
JP (1) JPS5128435B2 (it)
AU (1) AU473018B2 (it)
BR (1) BR7207099D0 (it)
CA (1) CA970060A (it)
DE (1) DE2249705A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2157490A5 (it)
GB (1) GB1404165A (it)
HK (1) HK29576A (it)
IT (1) IT968939B (it)
NL (1) NL7213682A (it)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4025148A (en) * 1975-08-29 1977-05-24 Bunker Ramo Corporation Socket for blade-type electrical contacts
FR2360188A1 (fr) * 1976-07-26 1978-02-24 Northern Telecom Ltd Borne femelle pour recevoir le bord de cartes notamment pour des systemes de telecommunication
US4076369A (en) * 1976-07-26 1978-02-28 Northern Telecom Limited Box terminal for card edge receptacles in telecommunications systems and the like
USRE31742E (en) * 1977-10-14 1984-11-20 Allied Corporation Unitary hooded electrical contact
EP0241407A1 (en) * 1986-04-10 1987-10-14 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES AUTOMOTIVE, Inc. Electrical receptacle terminal
FR2621180A1 (fr) * 1987-09-28 1989-03-31 Francelco Sa Borne de contact electrique de type cage
US4846609A (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-07-11 Gte Valenite Corporation Polygonal cutting insert
US4874338A (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-10-17 Amp Incorporated Receptacle box terminal with improved contact area
US4941853A (en) * 1989-09-12 1990-07-17 Molex Incorporated Electrical contact torsion bar systems
US5078618A (en) * 1991-03-05 1992-01-07 Molex Incorporated Electrical contact socket
US5215481A (en) * 1991-12-13 1993-06-01 Leisey Donald R Torsion tube electrical connectors
US5273455A (en) * 1993-01-27 1993-12-28 Digital Equipment Corporation Torsion bar connector
US5890936A (en) * 1996-10-15 1999-04-06 Ut Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Electrical terminal
US5971770A (en) * 1997-11-05 1999-10-26 Labinal Components And Systems, Inc. Coaxial connector with bellows spring portion or raised bump
US6475040B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2002-11-05 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electrical contact receptacle to mate with round and rectangular pins
US20050014422A1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2005-01-20 Arvind Patel Female terminal with flexible sidewalls and flat angled contacts
US20060035482A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2006-02-16 Gary Yasumura Torsionally-induced contact-force conductors for electrical connector systems
DE10236651B4 (de) * 2001-08-10 2007-04-26 Yazaki Corp. Stecker mit federbelastetem Kontakt
WO2011067632A1 (en) * 2009-12-03 2011-06-09 Fci Automotive Holding Electrical terminal
US20110171859A1 (en) * 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 Fjelstad Joseph C Connector Constructions for Electronic Applications
CN105765795A (zh) * 2013-11-19 2016-07-13 住友电装株式会社 多触点型端子
US10777926B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2020-09-15 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Multi-contact terminal

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3815081A (en) * 1973-05-02 1974-06-04 Illinois Tool Works Electrical connector
GB2000388B (en) * 1977-06-21 1982-01-20 Bicc Burndy Ltd Electric contacts
US4139256A (en) * 1977-09-15 1979-02-13 North American Specialties Corp. Electrical contact and method of making same
EP0060024A1 (en) * 1981-03-05 1982-09-15 General Motors Corporation Electric socket terminal
JPS59161601U (ja) * 1983-04-14 1984-10-29 三洋電機株式会社 厚膜トリミング用抵抗体パタ−ン
FR2686460B1 (fr) * 1992-01-20 1994-03-11 Labinal Precision Mecanique Organe de contact electrique femelle.
DE9211819U1 (de) * 1992-07-07 1993-11-04 Grote & Hartmann Elektrisches Kontaktelement
DE19513588C2 (de) * 1995-04-10 2001-09-27 Tyco Electronics Logistics Ag Kontaktanordnung
DE19705509C2 (de) * 1997-02-13 1999-04-29 Siemens Ag Einstückige Kontaktfeder
DE102004052378B4 (de) * 2004-10-28 2008-06-19 Kostal Kontakt Systeme Gmbh Elektrischer Steckverbinder für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1263085A (fr) * 1960-07-25 1961-06-05 Schaltbau Gmbh Perfectionnements apportés aux prises de courant
GB893055A (en) * 1957-08-21 1962-04-04 Plessey Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrical contacts
US3107966A (en) * 1958-02-28 1963-10-22 Curtiss Wright Corp Electrical connector socket
US3363224A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-01-09 Amp Inc Electrical connector
US3381262A (en) * 1965-11-10 1968-04-30 Usine Metallurg Doloise S A Device for the protection of the elastic member of a coupling
US3713080A (en) * 1971-09-20 1973-01-23 Ford Motor Co Electrical terminal

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB893055A (en) * 1957-08-21 1962-04-04 Plessey Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrical contacts
US3107966A (en) * 1958-02-28 1963-10-22 Curtiss Wright Corp Electrical connector socket
FR1263085A (fr) * 1960-07-25 1961-06-05 Schaltbau Gmbh Perfectionnements apportés aux prises de courant
US3363224A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-01-09 Amp Inc Electrical connector
US3381262A (en) * 1965-11-10 1968-04-30 Usine Metallurg Doloise S A Device for the protection of the elastic member of a coupling
US3713080A (en) * 1971-09-20 1973-01-23 Ford Motor Co Electrical terminal

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4025148A (en) * 1975-08-29 1977-05-24 Bunker Ramo Corporation Socket for blade-type electrical contacts
FR2360188A1 (fr) * 1976-07-26 1978-02-24 Northern Telecom Ltd Borne femelle pour recevoir le bord de cartes notamment pour des systemes de telecommunication
US4076369A (en) * 1976-07-26 1978-02-28 Northern Telecom Limited Box terminal for card edge receptacles in telecommunications systems and the like
US4152042A (en) * 1976-07-26 1979-05-01 Northern Telecom Limited Box terminal for card edge receptacles in telecommunications systems and the like
USRE31742E (en) * 1977-10-14 1984-11-20 Allied Corporation Unitary hooded electrical contact
EP0241407A1 (en) * 1986-04-10 1987-10-14 UNITED TECHNOLOGIES AUTOMOTIVE, Inc. Electrical receptacle terminal
US4874338A (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-10-17 Amp Incorporated Receptacle box terminal with improved contact area
US4846609A (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-07-11 Gte Valenite Corporation Polygonal cutting insert
US4834681A (en) * 1987-09-28 1989-05-30 Francelco Electric contact terminal
EP0310487A1 (fr) * 1987-09-28 1989-04-05 Francelco, Societe Anonyme Borne de contact électrique de type cage
FR2621180A1 (fr) * 1987-09-28 1989-03-31 Francelco Sa Borne de contact electrique de type cage
US4941853A (en) * 1989-09-12 1990-07-17 Molex Incorporated Electrical contact torsion bar systems
US5078618A (en) * 1991-03-05 1992-01-07 Molex Incorporated Electrical contact socket
US5215481A (en) * 1991-12-13 1993-06-01 Leisey Donald R Torsion tube electrical connectors
US5273455A (en) * 1993-01-27 1993-12-28 Digital Equipment Corporation Torsion bar connector
US5890936A (en) * 1996-10-15 1999-04-06 Ut Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Electrical terminal
US5971770A (en) * 1997-11-05 1999-10-26 Labinal Components And Systems, Inc. Coaxial connector with bellows spring portion or raised bump
US6475040B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2002-11-05 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electrical contact receptacle to mate with round and rectangular pins
DE10236651B4 (de) * 2001-08-10 2007-04-26 Yazaki Corp. Stecker mit federbelastetem Kontakt
US20050014422A1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2005-01-20 Arvind Patel Female terminal with flexible sidewalls and flat angled contacts
US6918798B2 (en) * 2003-07-15 2005-07-19 Molex Incorporated Female terminal with flexible sidewalls and flat angled contacts
US20060035482A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2006-02-16 Gary Yasumura Torsionally-induced contact-force conductors for electrical connector systems
US7845986B2 (en) 2004-05-06 2010-12-07 Interconnect Portfolio Llc Torsionally-induced contact-force conductors for electrical connector systems
WO2011067632A1 (en) * 2009-12-03 2011-06-09 Fci Automotive Holding Electrical terminal
US8827756B2 (en) 2009-12-03 2014-09-09 Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.A.R.L. Electrical terminal
US8246387B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2012-08-21 Interconnect Portfolio Llc Connector constructions for electronic applications
US8333617B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2012-12-18 Interconnect Portfolio Llc Connector constructions for electronic applications
US20110171859A1 (en) * 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 Fjelstad Joseph C Connector Constructions for Electronic Applications
CN105765795A (zh) * 2013-11-19 2016-07-13 住友电装株式会社 多触点型端子
US20160285187A1 (en) * 2013-11-19 2016-09-29 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Multi-contact terminal
US9748685B2 (en) * 2013-11-19 2017-08-29 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Multi-contact terminal
CN105765795B (zh) * 2013-11-19 2018-01-12 住友电装株式会社 多触点型端子
US10777926B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2020-09-15 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Multi-contact terminal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2249705A1 (de) 1973-04-19
AU473018B2 (en) 1976-06-10
JPS4846889A (it) 1973-07-04
NL7213682A (it) 1973-04-17
CA970060A (en) 1975-06-24
BR7207099D0 (pt) 1973-09-13
GB1404165A (en) 1975-08-28
AU4731372A (en) 1974-04-11
HK29576A (en) 1976-05-28
JPS5128435B2 (it) 1976-08-19
IT968939B (it) 1974-03-20
FR2157490A5 (it) 1973-06-01

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