US3957792A - Process for preparing 2-ethyl-pyridine - Google Patents

Process for preparing 2-ethyl-pyridine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3957792A
US3957792A US05/476,992 US47699274A US3957792A US 3957792 A US3957792 A US 3957792A US 47699274 A US47699274 A US 47699274A US 3957792 A US3957792 A US 3957792A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pyridine
ethyl
methyl
methanol
oxides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US05/476,992
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Jurgen Arpe
Hansjorg Hey
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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Priority to US05/658,571 priority Critical patent/US4041039A/en
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Publication of US3957792A publication Critical patent/US3957792A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/14—Silica and magnesia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/18—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth

Definitions

  • the present invention is a catalytic process for methylation of 2-methyl-pyridine ( ⁇ -picoline) with methanol to yield 2-ethyl-pyridine.
  • 2-ethyl-pyridine can be prepared from 2-methyl-pyridine by reacting the latter with methyl-halide in the presence of sodium amide (Bull.soc.chim. France 3, 1607 (1936)).
  • this laboratory method is not applicable to technological processes on an industrial scale, due to the unsatisfactory yield rate and the costly reagents.
  • methylation at the methyl group of ⁇ -picoline can be carried out in the gaseous phase starting with aqueous formaldehyde solutions according to U.S. Pat. No. 2,786,846 (1953).
  • the by-product, ⁇ -vinyl-pyridine shows the reaction to develop via a 2-hydroxy-ethyl-pyridine which converts to vinyl-pyridine while separating water. Therefore, formation of 2-ethyl-pyridine from vinyl-pyridine requires an additional hydrogenation step, the hydrogen needs of which have to be satisfied by the initial materials -- for example -- be decomposition to formaldehyde. This is the reason why this methylation -- in respect to the formaldehyde -- can yield but a poor result.
  • the examples given in U.S. Pat. No. 2,786,846 do not include any quantitative specifications about the yield or the selectivities of 2-ethyl-pyridine.
  • the present invention now relates to a process for preparing 2-ethyl-pyridine from 2-methyl-pyridine and methanol wherein the reaction is carried out in the gaseous phase with a catalyst consisting essentially of silicon dioxide and oxides of metals belonging to the second and/or third main- or subgroup and/or to the fifth main group of the periodic system of elements at temperatures from 200° - 600°C, preferably from 300° - 500°C.
  • the process according to the present invention offers the great advantage that methanol is used in an economical methylation.
  • a simple normal-pressure reaction of special catalysts being set up in fixed positions and usually not prone to corrosion, preferably of didymium oxide (Di 2 O 3 ) catalysts, achieves economically interesting selectivities of 2-ethyl-pyridine.
  • the proportion of methanol to 2-methyl-pyridine can vary within wide limits, for example, covering a range from 1:1 up to 20:1.
  • reaction components are not necessarily required to be dry.
  • Methanol may also contain a certain amount of dimethyl-ether since the reaction according to the invention performed with an acid catalyst may allow for a cleavage of the ether with the reaction water to yield methanol.
  • the catalyst according to the invention is a mixture of SiO 2 -- in the form of kieselguhr or silica gel -- with oxides of the metals belonging to the second and/or third main group or subgroup and/or to the fifth main group of the periodic system of elements, such as -- for example -- oxides of magnesium, zinc, cadmium, aluminium, lanthanum, antimony, bismuth or with oxides of rare earths.
  • Rare earths (lanthanides) are the elements having the periodic numbers 58 to 71, i.e. from cerium to lutetium inclusive.
  • the oxides of rare earths can be used either individually, such as -- for example -- cerium oxide, but also as mixtures, for example as the commercial didymium oxides Di 2 O 3 having a composition of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium and small amounts of samarium, gadolinium, ytterbium and others.
  • the mixture of SiO 2 with oxides of the above metals may be prepared according to known methods, for example the simultaneous precipitation of SiO 2 and oxides or hydroxides of said metals from water/soluble salts, for example by raising the pH; or the impregnation of SiO 2 in the form of kieselguhr or silicagel having a suitable pore structure with aqueous solutions of inorganic salts, for example chlorides, nitrates or organic salts, for example acetates; conversion to oxides or oxide hydrates by alkaline treatment, thermolysis, oxidation or reduction.
  • the calcination of the oxide mixture may be carried out by heating to temperatures of from 150° to 850°C, preferably from 300° to 600°C.
  • the calcination time is not critical, may vary from 1 to 30 hours and advantageously is from 3 to 15 hours.
  • the oxides may partially be present independently of each other, but they may have also reacted, either to give structures similar to silicates, or completely to form silicates having acidic properties.
  • aluminum silicate in its usual form as cracking catalyst or as decationized zeolithe (molecular sieve) may be used for the methylation of 2-methyl-pyridine.
  • the amount of metal oxide relative to SiO 2 may widely vary.
  • Advantageous is a concentration of from 0.2 to 25 weight % but higher concentrations may also be used.
  • the methylation according to the process of the invention is carried out at temperatures of from 200° to 600°C, preferably from 300° to 500°C.
  • a vaporous mixture of the reactants methanol and 2-methyl-pyridine, optionally with addition of an inert diluent such as nitrogen or argon, are passed over the catalyst in the gaseous phase.
  • the catalyst is arranged either in a fixed bed, or, in the case of the gaseous phase, it is fluidized by means of the vaporized starting products to form a fluidized bed.
  • the residence time is from 0.1 to 100 seconds, preferably from 1 to 30 seconds.
  • the reaction is generally carried out under normal pressure, but it is also possible to operate under lower or elevated pressure.
  • the components After condensation of the reaction products, the components are separated and the methylated amines are obtained in known manner, for example by distillation or extraction distillation. Non-reacted starting products may be fed back into the reaction.
  • the 2-ethyl-pyridine is an important intermediate product also for preparing 2-vinyl-pyridine being used for synthetic rubber, fibers, adhesives and coatings. Furthermore, 2-ethyl-pyridine is an intermediate for pharmaceutical products, for example tuberculostatics.
  • the catalyst according to the invention placed inside a glass reactor (320 mm length, 21 mm diameter) is heated to a constant temperature by two electric ovens, the temperature being measured inside the reactor by means of a sliding thermoelement.
  • the upper third of the glass reactor is used as evaporator and the two lower thirds function as reacting tube.
  • the reaction products are collected in two cooling traps which are cooled with dry ice/butanol to abt. -70°C.
  • the catalyst test as such is performed over a longer period.
  • reaction products and the non-converted starting products in the united condensates are analyzed by gas chromatography. Generally, the reaction mixture is then separated by distillation.
  • the conversion rate of 2-methyl-pyridine is the molar fraction in percent of the 2-methyl-pyridine converted, calculated on the 2-methyl-pyridine used.
  • the selectivity of 2-ethyl-pyridine is its molar quantity in percent, calculated on the converted 2-methyl-pyridine.
  • the 2-ethyl-pyridine yield is the molar quantity in percent, calculated on the 2-methyl-pyridine used.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
US05/476,992 1973-06-08 1974-06-06 Process for preparing 2-ethyl-pyridine Expired - Lifetime US3957792A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/658,571 US4041039A (en) 1973-06-08 1976-02-17 Process for preparing 2-ethyl-pyridine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2329389A DE2329389A1 (de) 1973-06-08 1973-06-08 Verfahren zur herstellung von 2-aehtylpyridin
DT2329389 1973-06-08

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/658,571 Division US4041039A (en) 1973-06-08 1976-02-17 Process for preparing 2-ethyl-pyridine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3957792A true US3957792A (en) 1976-05-18

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US05/476,992 Expired - Lifetime US3957792A (en) 1973-06-08 1974-06-06 Process for preparing 2-ethyl-pyridine

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3957792A (it)
JP (1) JPS5032179A (it)
BE (1) BE816120A (it)
DE (1) DE2329389A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2232545B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1454127A (it)
IT (1) IT1014833B (it)
NL (1) NL7407385A (it)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4041039A (en) * 1973-06-08 1977-08-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for preparing 2-ethyl-pyridine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2357304A1 (fr) * 1975-10-22 1978-02-03 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Procede de production de dispersions colloidales et de catalyseurs perfectionnes
JPS52155026A (en) * 1976-06-18 1977-12-23 Hitachi Ltd Data transfer control system

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2688003A (en) * 1951-05-14 1954-08-31 Shell Dev Preparation of spheroidal silica alumina catalyst
US2787600A (en) * 1952-05-20 1957-04-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Preparation of a silica-alumina catalyst
US2941961A (en) * 1955-10-13 1960-06-21 Nalco Chemical Co Silica-alumina compositions and method for the preparation thereof
GB850405A (en) * 1958-01-08 1960-10-05 Midland Tar Distillers Ltd Improvements in the production of alkylpyridines and alkylquinolines
US3124541A (en) * 1964-03-10 Process for the preparation of silica-
FR1512072A (fr) * 1967-02-21 1968-02-02 Leuna Werke Veb Procédé pour la fabrication de 2-éthylpyridine, ainsi que les produits conformes à ceux obtenus par le présent procédé ou procédé similaire

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3124541A (en) * 1964-03-10 Process for the preparation of silica-
US2688003A (en) * 1951-05-14 1954-08-31 Shell Dev Preparation of spheroidal silica alumina catalyst
US2787600A (en) * 1952-05-20 1957-04-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Preparation of a silica-alumina catalyst
US2941961A (en) * 1955-10-13 1960-06-21 Nalco Chemical Co Silica-alumina compositions and method for the preparation thereof
GB850405A (en) * 1958-01-08 1960-10-05 Midland Tar Distillers Ltd Improvements in the production of alkylpyridines and alkylquinolines
FR1512072A (fr) * 1967-02-21 1968-02-02 Leuna Werke Veb Procédé pour la fabrication de 2-éthylpyridine, ainsi que les produits conformes à ceux obtenus par le présent procédé ou procédé similaire

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4041039A (en) * 1973-06-08 1977-08-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for preparing 2-ethyl-pyridine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1014833B (it) 1977-04-30
FR2232545A1 (it) 1975-01-03
JPS5032179A (it) 1975-03-28
DE2329389A1 (de) 1975-01-02
NL7407385A (it) 1974-12-10
GB1454127A (en) 1976-10-27
FR2232545B1 (it) 1977-09-30
BE816120A (fr) 1974-12-10

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