US4334694A - Splash protection assembly for vehicles equipped with mudguards - Google Patents

Splash protection assembly for vehicles equipped with mudguards Download PDF

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Publication number
US4334694A
US4334694A US06/023,192 US2319279A US4334694A US 4334694 A US4334694 A US 4334694A US 2319279 A US2319279 A US 2319279A US 4334694 A US4334694 A US 4334694A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mudguard
airstream
wheel
channel
splash
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US06/023,192
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English (en)
Inventor
Andrzej T. Iwanicki
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Publication of US4334694A publication Critical patent/US4334694A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/08Front or rear portions
    • B62D25/16Mud-guards or wings; Wheel cover panels
    • B62D25/18Parts or details thereof, e.g. mudguard flaps
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/20Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
    • H01S5/22Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
    • H01S5/227Buried mesa structure ; Striped active layer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/0206Substrates, e.g. growth, shape, material, removal or bonding
    • H01S5/0207Substrates having a special shape

Definitions

  • the screening assemblies of the prior art are formed in such way that mainly heavier particles are prevented from being thrown off towards a following vehicle.
  • This effect is also obtained by different kinds of so-called "mudflaps", i.e. the splash protectors of flexible material which are usually fixed to the extension of the mudguard behind the tire and towards the road surface.
  • the screen has been placed as close to the circumference of the wheel as possible, and has been directed so that the particles thrown off in front of the screen impinge on it and are partially guided back down towards the road surface in a spread-out condition.
  • the particles of muddy water which are thrown off behind the screen will thus, as previously, give rise to a mist of water around the vehicle.
  • FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the splash protection assembly in FIG. 35.
  • FIGS. 37 and 38 are schematic cross-sections of the air currents for a guiding body with two alternative embodiments of a mudflap,
  • a conventional mudguard with a mudflap of this kind reinforces the spreading effect of dust and water particles, however, since a turbulent zone is formed behind the mudflap.
  • Conventional mudguards have also a certain aerodynamic braking effect on the vehicle and attempts are generally made to reduce this effect by placing the mudguard closer to the wheel. This measure also contributes to reinforcing the spread of water and dirt mist around the vehicle.
  • the turbulent excess pressure zone 10 moves counter to the direction of rotation of the wheel as the circumferential speed of the wheel increases, which has to do with the centrifugal force increasing with increasing circumferential speed, while the adhesion force is substantially constant and independent of the speed, as has already been pointed out in the general portion of this description.
  • the invention is based on the desire to prevent the occurrence of the static excess pressure zone formed with a conventional mudguard, and which can occur by not closing in the opposing streams of air between the mudguard and the wheel the prevention can be accomplished by separating them with the help of a guide member 3, with its side facing towards the mudguard, together with the inside of the mudguard or with a further guide member, forming a channel 9 between the zone at increased air pressure H and a zone L, with lower air pressure, situated downstream of the excess pressure zone H in the airflow direction.
  • the outer channel can be provided with constrictions or other means increasing the ejector effect when the outer airstream is introduced into the channel 9 between the pressure zones.
  • the mudguard can be provided with louvres 23d to allow air passage between these channels, before both airstreams are combined in the main channel between the pressure zones.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
US06/023,192 1977-07-11 1978-07-11 Splash protection assembly for vehicles equipped with mudguards Expired - Lifetime US4334694A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7708063A SE407377B (sv) 1977-07-11 1977-07-11 Stenkskyddsanordning for fordon med stenkskermar
SE7778063 1977-07-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4334694A true US4334694A (en) 1982-06-15

Family

ID=20331851

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/023,192 Expired - Lifetime US4334694A (en) 1977-07-11 1978-07-11 Splash protection assembly for vehicles equipped with mudguards

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4334694A (fr)
EP (1) EP0010085B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE2862173D1 (fr)
SE (1) SE407377B (fr)
WO (1) WO1979000039A1 (fr)

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4445700A (en) * 1981-10-23 1984-05-01 Schroeder Warren C Highway transport truck tire water splash shield
US4706981A (en) * 1986-10-17 1987-11-17 Dorwart Richard E Vehicular spray dampening device
WO1989000941A1 (fr) * 1987-07-23 1989-02-09 Becker John H Dispositif contre les eclaboussures provoquees par les pneumatiques
US4921276A (en) * 1988-05-23 1990-05-01 Morin Albert Z Spray controlling fender
US5100177A (en) * 1987-07-23 1992-03-31 Becker John H Tire spray control device
US5277444A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-01-11 Transgard, Inc. Vehicle water spray control devices
US5375882A (en) * 1993-01-11 1994-12-27 Koch, Iii; Stanley G. Mist suppressant panels for a vehicle and a method of suppressing mist
US5460411A (en) * 1994-01-11 1995-10-24 Air Fenders Ltd. Fender for cooling tires and brakes and to control spray
US5489108A (en) * 1992-11-13 1996-02-06 Slade; Val Flexible fender
WO1998022329A1 (fr) * 1996-11-18 1998-05-28 Bjoerklund Jan E O Dispositif permettant d'exploiter les courants de matieres environnantes
US5820203A (en) * 1995-04-19 1998-10-13 Fiat Auto S.P.A. Device for reducing the form drag of vehicles
US6260911B1 (en) 2000-02-16 2001-07-17 John H. Becker Air duct for cooling rotating tires
WO2002060743A1 (fr) * 2001-01-29 2002-08-08 Francesco Loddo Garde-boue a evacuation d'eau pour automobiles et analogues
US6526336B2 (en) * 2001-02-01 2003-02-25 Invacare Corp. System and method for steering a multi-wheel drive vehicle
US20030098576A1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2003-05-29 Yvan Brulhart Aerodynamic stabilizer for motor vehicle
US20040026914A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2004-02-12 Jain Sunil K. Splash and spray suppressor
DE19819156B4 (de) * 1998-04-24 2006-12-14 Stephan Koch Kraftfahrzeug
US20070278781A1 (en) * 2004-04-03 2007-12-06 Downes John A Spray Prevention Device
US20110001334A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2011-01-06 Munehiro Hirano Aerodynamic structure for vehicle
US20110214568A1 (en) * 2003-03-12 2011-09-08 Jeffrey Krantz System and method for removing brake dust and other pollutants
US20110248490A1 (en) * 2004-04-03 2011-10-13 Spraydown Limited Spray prevention device
JP2013047068A (ja) * 2011-08-29 2013-03-07 Toyota Motor Corp 車両後部構造
US20130295473A1 (en) * 2003-08-26 2013-11-07 Naohiro Yoshida Moving body
JP2013233887A (ja) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-21 Kojima Press Industry Co Ltd フェンダーライナ
US8616571B2 (en) 2011-08-23 2013-12-31 Paccar Inc Vehicle splash guards and adaptors therefor
US20140125046A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-08 Tai-Hsien Yen Fender Flare
WO2014092018A1 (fr) * 2012-12-12 2014-06-19 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Structure arrière de caisse de véhicule
US8814253B1 (en) 2011-04-21 2014-08-26 Flowbelow, LLC Aerodynamic quarter fender assembly and construction method
US20140265293A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Cnh Industrial America Llc Scraper assembly for an off-road vehicle
US9027983B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2015-05-12 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic system and adjustable fairings
US20150307137A1 (en) * 2012-12-03 2015-10-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicular mud guard structure
US9284000B1 (en) 2014-10-17 2016-03-15 Paccar Inc Vehicle splash guard
US9637185B2 (en) 2013-03-27 2017-05-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Wheel well rear portion structure
US9783248B1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2017-10-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Rear wheelhouse vent assembly and a vehicle
US10279649B2 (en) * 2015-03-20 2019-05-07 Carrier Corporation Heat and dust shield
US10654529B2 (en) 2017-06-24 2020-05-19 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic systems and fairings with fairing caps
US10882571B2 (en) 2017-07-30 2021-01-05 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Rotatable aerodynamic fairing system
US11072377B2 (en) 2018-09-04 2021-07-27 Lund, Inc. Removable fairing
US11279326B1 (en) 2021-05-07 2022-03-22 Donald J. Siegel, Jr. Debris removal device
US11352073B2 (en) 2017-07-12 2022-06-07 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic toolbox assembly
US11767064B2 (en) 2021-01-12 2023-09-26 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Spring-biased mud flap hanger with improved pivoting motion guidance
US11932060B2 (en) 2016-11-04 2024-03-19 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Chassis mounted energy extraction and delivery system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9216562D0 (en) * 1992-08-04 1992-09-16 Kay Roger Devices for controlling spray from vehicles

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE227760C (fr) *
DE191703C (fr) *
GB190308689A (en) * 1903-04-16 1904-04-16 Auguste Froment Improvements in or connected with Dust-guards and Mud-guards applicable for Removing Nails and the like from the Tyres of Road Vehicles.
GB191220020A (en) * 1912-09-02 1913-09-02 Richard Poore Improvements in and relating to Mud Guards for Road Vehicles.
US1220494A (en) * 1916-02-04 1917-03-27 Harry J Butler Mud-deflector.
CH84539A (de) * 1919-04-11 1920-03-16 Spaelti Mueller Fridolin Staubfangvorrichtung an Fahrzeugen
CH155961A (de) * 1931-03-18 1932-07-15 Ellenberger Friedrich Abstreifvorrichtung an Fahrzeugen.
FR1055386A (fr) * 1952-05-03 1954-02-18 Déviateur destiné à empêcher la boue de souiller les carrosseries des véhicules automobiles
GB1058892A (en) * 1964-01-20 1967-02-15 Thorkild Bech Mud flap for motor cars and similar vehicles
DE2025519A1 (de) * 1970-05-26 1971-12-09 Graf, Dipl.-Ing., Rupprecht, 6470 Büdingen Schmutzabweiser

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE644810C (de) * 1937-05-13 Adam Eberle Kotfluegel fuer Kraftfahrzeuge
DE880555C (de) * 1951-11-23 1953-06-22 Hans Westermeier Spritzblech fuer Kraftfahrzeuge, insbesondere fuer das Vorderrad von Kraftraedern
DK80735C (da) * 1954-07-21 1956-03-19 Marius Viggo Hansen Anordning ved stænkskærme til køretøjer, navnlig motorkøretøjer.
DK81091C (da) * 1954-12-29 1956-09-17 Marius Viggo Hansen Anordning ved stænkskærme til køretøjer, navnlig motorkøretøjer.
DE2524344C3 (de) * 1975-06-02 1978-09-14 Otto 8771 Schollbrunn Leimeister Kotflügel für Kraftfahrzeuge

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE227760C (fr) *
DE191703C (fr) *
GB190308689A (en) * 1903-04-16 1904-04-16 Auguste Froment Improvements in or connected with Dust-guards and Mud-guards applicable for Removing Nails and the like from the Tyres of Road Vehicles.
GB191220020A (en) * 1912-09-02 1913-09-02 Richard Poore Improvements in and relating to Mud Guards for Road Vehicles.
US1220494A (en) * 1916-02-04 1917-03-27 Harry J Butler Mud-deflector.
CH84539A (de) * 1919-04-11 1920-03-16 Spaelti Mueller Fridolin Staubfangvorrichtung an Fahrzeugen
CH155961A (de) * 1931-03-18 1932-07-15 Ellenberger Friedrich Abstreifvorrichtung an Fahrzeugen.
FR1055386A (fr) * 1952-05-03 1954-02-18 Déviateur destiné à empêcher la boue de souiller les carrosseries des véhicules automobiles
GB1058892A (en) * 1964-01-20 1967-02-15 Thorkild Bech Mud flap for motor cars and similar vehicles
DE2025519A1 (de) * 1970-05-26 1971-12-09 Graf, Dipl.-Ing., Rupprecht, 6470 Büdingen Schmutzabweiser

Cited By (70)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4445700A (en) * 1981-10-23 1984-05-01 Schroeder Warren C Highway transport truck tire water splash shield
US4706981A (en) * 1986-10-17 1987-11-17 Dorwart Richard E Vehicular spray dampening device
WO1989000941A1 (fr) * 1987-07-23 1989-02-09 Becker John H Dispositif contre les eclaboussures provoquees par les pneumatiques
US4858941A (en) * 1987-07-23 1989-08-22 Becker John H Tire spray control device
US5100177A (en) * 1987-07-23 1992-03-31 Becker John H Tire spray control device
US4921276A (en) * 1988-05-23 1990-05-01 Morin Albert Z Spray controlling fender
US5277444A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-01-11 Transgard, Inc. Vehicle water spray control devices
US5489108A (en) * 1992-11-13 1996-02-06 Slade; Val Flexible fender
US5375882A (en) * 1993-01-11 1994-12-27 Koch, Iii; Stanley G. Mist suppressant panels for a vehicle and a method of suppressing mist
US5460411A (en) * 1994-01-11 1995-10-24 Air Fenders Ltd. Fender for cooling tires and brakes and to control spray
US5820203A (en) * 1995-04-19 1998-10-13 Fiat Auto S.P.A. Device for reducing the form drag of vehicles
WO1998022329A1 (fr) * 1996-11-18 1998-05-28 Bjoerklund Jan E O Dispositif permettant d'exploiter les courants de matieres environnantes
DE19819156B4 (de) * 1998-04-24 2006-12-14 Stephan Koch Kraftfahrzeug
US6260911B1 (en) 2000-02-16 2001-07-17 John H. Becker Air duct for cooling rotating tires
US20030098576A1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2003-05-29 Yvan Brulhart Aerodynamic stabilizer for motor vehicle
US6712425B2 (en) * 2000-03-30 2004-03-30 Yvan Brulhart Aerodynamic stabilizer for motor vehicle
WO2002060743A1 (fr) * 2001-01-29 2002-08-08 Francesco Loddo Garde-boue a evacuation d'eau pour automobiles et analogues
US20040080185A1 (en) * 2001-01-29 2004-04-29 Francesco Loddo Water-expelling mudguard for motor vehicles and the like
US7316420B2 (en) * 2001-01-29 2008-01-08 Francesco Loddo Water-expelling mudguard for motor vehicles
US6526336B2 (en) * 2001-02-01 2003-02-25 Invacare Corp. System and method for steering a multi-wheel drive vehicle
US7191042B2 (en) 2001-02-01 2007-03-13 Invacare Corp. System and method for steering a multi-wheel drive vehicle
US20040186633A1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2004-09-23 Thomas Strothmann System and method for steering a multi-wheel drive vehicle
US6807466B2 (en) 2001-02-01 2004-10-19 Invacare Corporation System and method for steering a multi-wheel drive vehicle
US20040026914A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2004-02-12 Jain Sunil K. Splash and spray suppressor
US6799782B2 (en) * 2002-08-08 2004-10-05 International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc Splash and spray suppressor
US20110214568A1 (en) * 2003-03-12 2011-09-08 Jeffrey Krantz System and method for removing brake dust and other pollutants
US9419291B2 (en) * 2003-08-26 2016-08-16 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Moving body
US20130295473A1 (en) * 2003-08-26 2013-11-07 Naohiro Yoshida Moving body
US9196914B2 (en) 2003-08-26 2015-11-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Moving body
US20070278781A1 (en) * 2004-04-03 2007-12-06 Downes John A Spray Prevention Device
US20110248490A1 (en) * 2004-04-03 2011-10-13 Spraydown Limited Spray prevention device
US8608203B2 (en) * 2004-04-03 2013-12-17 Spraydown Limited Spray prevention device
US20110001334A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2011-01-06 Munehiro Hirano Aerodynamic structure for vehicle
US8136867B2 (en) * 2007-09-11 2012-03-20 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Aerodynamic structure for vehicle
US8814253B1 (en) 2011-04-21 2014-08-26 Flowbelow, LLC Aerodynamic quarter fender assembly and construction method
US8616571B2 (en) 2011-08-23 2013-12-31 Paccar Inc Vehicle splash guards and adaptors therefor
JP2013047068A (ja) * 2011-08-29 2013-03-07 Toyota Motor Corp 車両後部構造
JP2013233887A (ja) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-21 Kojima Press Industry Co Ltd フェンダーライナ
US20140125046A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-08 Tai-Hsien Yen Fender Flare
US9394007B2 (en) * 2012-10-31 2016-07-19 Tai-Hsien Yen Fender flare
US10293872B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2019-05-21 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic system and adjustable fairings
US10710649B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2020-07-14 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic system and adjustable fairings
US9027983B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2015-05-12 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic system and adjustable fairings
US10252755B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2019-04-09 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic system and adjustable fairings
US11667338B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2023-06-06 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic system and adjustable fairings
US9663157B2 (en) 2012-11-01 2017-05-30 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic system and adjustable fairings
US10065686B2 (en) * 2012-12-03 2018-09-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicular mud guard structure
US20150307137A1 (en) * 2012-12-03 2015-10-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicular mud guard structure
US10457335B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2019-10-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicular mud guard structure
US20180327034A1 (en) * 2012-12-03 2018-11-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicular mud guard structure
US9567014B2 (en) 2012-12-12 2017-02-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle-body rear structure
WO2014092018A1 (fr) * 2012-12-12 2014-06-19 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Structure arrière de caisse de véhicule
JP2014113986A (ja) * 2012-12-12 2014-06-26 Toyota Motor Corp 車体後部構造
US9120466B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-09-01 Cnh Industrial America Llc Scraper assembly for an off-road vehicle
US20140265293A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Cnh Industrial America Llc Scraper assembly for an off-road vehicle
US9637185B2 (en) 2013-03-27 2017-05-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Wheel well rear portion structure
US9284000B1 (en) 2014-10-17 2016-03-15 Paccar Inc Vehicle splash guard
US10279649B2 (en) * 2015-03-20 2019-05-07 Carrier Corporation Heat and dust shield
US11932060B2 (en) 2016-11-04 2024-03-19 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Chassis mounted energy extraction and delivery system
US9783248B1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2017-10-10 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Rear wheelhouse vent assembly and a vehicle
US10654529B2 (en) 2017-06-24 2020-05-19 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic systems and fairings with fairing caps
US11254373B2 (en) 2017-06-24 2022-02-22 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic systems and fairings with fairing caps
US11352073B2 (en) 2017-07-12 2022-06-07 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Aerodynamic toolbox assembly
US10882571B2 (en) 2017-07-30 2021-01-05 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Rotatable aerodynamic fairing system
US11273877B2 (en) 2017-07-30 2022-03-15 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Rotatable aerodynamic fairing system
US11492053B2 (en) 2017-07-30 2022-11-08 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Rotatable aerodynamic fairing system
US11072377B2 (en) 2018-09-04 2021-07-27 Lund, Inc. Removable fairing
US11724754B2 (en) 2018-09-04 2023-08-15 Lund, Inc. Removable fairing
US11767064B2 (en) 2021-01-12 2023-09-26 FlowBelow Aero, Inc. Spring-biased mud flap hanger with improved pivoting motion guidance
US11279326B1 (en) 2021-05-07 2022-03-22 Donald J. Siegel, Jr. Debris removal device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE7708063L (sv) 1979-01-12
EP0010085A1 (fr) 1980-04-30
WO1979000039A1 (fr) 1979-02-08
SE407377B (sv) 1979-03-26
EP0010085B1 (fr) 1983-02-09
DE2862173D1 (en) 1983-03-17

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