US4428318A - Ventilation arrangement for a cargo ship - Google Patents

Ventilation arrangement for a cargo ship Download PDF

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Publication number
US4428318A
US4428318A US05/913,011 US91301178A US4428318A US 4428318 A US4428318 A US 4428318A US 91301178 A US91301178 A US 91301178A US 4428318 A US4428318 A US 4428318A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
base
air
pallet
cargo
opening
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/913,011
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans M. Huchzermeier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bremer Vulkan AG Schiffbau und Maschinenfabrik
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Bremer Vulkan AG Schiffbau und Maschinenfabrik
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Publication of US4428318A publication Critical patent/US4428318A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
    • B63J2/08—Ventilation; Air-conditioning of holds

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to forced-air ventilation systems for cargo in cargo ships. More particularly, it pertains to a ventilation system which is useful with normal cargo and also, if desired, with containerized cargo.
  • the system can be of either the open-loop or closed-loop type.
  • Cargo ships having air supply and exhaust duct systems by which air can be supplied from a ventilation source via individual connections to large-scale cargo containers and by which air can be vented from the containers and led back to the source, are known.
  • container guides are located in the hold spaces for accommodating and aligning a number of containers, usually in a series of vertical stacks, adjacent the air supply and exhaust ducts so that separate air supply and exhaust connections can be made to the individual containers from the ducts.
  • the ventilation source can include a refrigeration plant coupled to at least some of the air supply ducts so that containers loaded with perishable cargo can be refrigerated during their residence aboard the ship. Other containers with less sensitive cargo can receive unrefrigerated air, and can vent exhaust air to the atmosphere if desired.
  • container-ships have a place and may be ideal in many situations, as in runs between Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States.
  • ships of more generalized nature suited for carrying containers as well as other forms of cargo, have application and are economically more desirable than container-ships.
  • This invention addresses the need identified above. It provides a ventilation arrangement for a cargo ship capable of accommodating standard containers and also other forms of non bulk cargo, in an efficient and effective cooperation with the ventilation arrangement.
  • this invention provides a ventilation arrangement for an enclosed hold space of a cargo ship.
  • the ventilation arrangement comprises at least one circulation system by which air can be conveyed from a ventilation source through air supply ducts into a ship cargo hold space, and can be returned as exhaust air through exhaust ducts to the ventilation source.
  • a plurality of pallets are provided. Each pallet has a hollow ventilation base defining a top load-bearing surface for support of cargo thereon.
  • Guide means in the hold space are provided for receiving corners of the pallet bases and for aligning the pallet bases with outlet openings from the air supply ducts.
  • the guide means are also cooperable with standard cargo containers for receiving and aligning the containers with the air supply duct openings.
  • Each pallet base has at an end thereof into the interior thereof an air inlet opening which is cooperable with a supply duct outlet opening for air flow into the pallet base from a supply duct.
  • Each pallet base also has, at least through the load-bearing surface thereof, airflow opening means from the base interior.
  • the pallet comprises a hollow base of standardized substantially rectangular plan configuration and dimension.
  • An air inlet opening is provided laterally into the base interior at one end of the base.
  • the structure of the pallet which defines the air inlet opening is substantially flush with the adjacent end of the base so as not to project significantly laterally from the base.
  • the base has a top load-bearing surface.
  • Air flow outlet means are provided at least through the base top surface from the interior of the base. The base is closed save for the end air inlet opening and the opening means in its top surface to serve as a plenum for flow of air therethrough from the opening to the opening means.
  • the container guides can be used, as desired, to accommodate either standard containers in a stacked manner or pallets in an individually supported manner.
  • cargo of any type can be ventilated by the ventilation system which can, if desired, include a refrigeration plant as an aspect of the ventilation source.
  • a single ship can handle various types of freight or cargo which is to be cooled or ventilated in transit.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified view of a cargo hold of a cargo ship provided with a ventilation arrangement, and in which for ease of demonstration both containers and pallets with other non-bulk cargo are shown to be arranged in container guides;
  • FIG. 2 is a view taken along line II--II in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view taken along line III--III in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of another ventilation arrangement and shows pallets fitted into the container guides
  • FIG. 5 is a side view taken along line V--V in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified perspective partial view of a pallet
  • FIG. 7 is a partial end view of a pallet with a connecting plate.
  • FIG 8 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing an indirect coupling of a ship air supply duct to a pallet via a nozzle.
  • the ventilation arrangement which is herein described, but which is depicted substantially diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings, is an aspect of a cargo ship.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified plan view of a hold space of the ship in which there are located a plurality of vertically arranged trunk-like container guides preferably formed by vertical guide rails 10 arranged at the corners of a rectangle.
  • the rails extend vertically in the hold, preferably from the innerbottom of the ship to adjacent suitable hatches in the ship's weatherdeck which, in the usual case, defines the upper limit of the hold.
  • Either containers C loaded with freight which is to be cooled or ventilated, or pallets P bearing non-bulk cargo L, which likewise is either to be cooled or ventilated, can, at will, be introduced from above, as through the ship's hatches, into these guide rails 10.
  • Pallets in adjacent container guides can form continuous loading planes or levels. That is, the hold is not vertically subdivided by permanent deck structures.
  • the pallets can be supported at specified levels in the hold in such manner that the several pallets define the equivalent of one or more decks in the hold.
  • the pallets can be disposed at various levels in the hold space.
  • the vertical guide rails (which are shown here at 10') are formed with holes 11 at intervals along the vertical extent of the rails. Bolts 14 or suitable pins are pushed into selected ones of these holes in order to support a pallet P thereon at the required height above the bottom of the hold or above the subjacent pallet.
  • the pallets P can also be supported by fitted support members 12 relative to the bottom of the hold and to other pallets.
  • the support members may have the positions shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 or other positions, for example, close to the corners of the pallets.
  • Support members 12 can be provided in various lengths desired separate from the pallets, or they can be fixedly or hingedly mounted on the pallets.
  • each air circulation system includes vertical (FIGS. 1 and 2) or horizontal transport ducts 5 which extend through the ship and which are respectively divided into air supply ducts 5a and exhaust air ducts 5b.
  • the standard containers C which are to be ventilated and which are in the vertical guide rails 10 (see the top of FIGS.
  • each standard container has an air inlet (not shown) at the end, which inlet is connected by means of a releasable coupling 16 and a connecting pipe 8a to an adjacent air duct 5a.
  • each standard container also has an associated air outlet (not shown) which is connected through a similar coupling 16 and a connecting pipe 8b to an adjacent exhaust air duct 5b.
  • each pallet P has a hollow ventilation base, and each base has a top load-bearing surface 25.
  • the pallet bases are of standardized plan configuration and dimension and are similar to the plan outlines of standard containers C.
  • the air introduced through the coupling 16 into the ventilation base is distributed beneath the load-bearing surface 25 and is delivered through such surface through openings 29 to the vicinity of cargo carried on the load-bearing surface. Openings 29 can be formed as holes, slots or in a similar manner. Additional openings 29 can be provided in the side walls of the pallet P, if desired. Save for the air inlet and outlet openings, the pallet bases are closed.
  • the coupling 16 associated with the connecting pipe 8b of the exhaust air duct 5b, as shown in FIG. 3, is spaced a short distance from but alongside the cargo L at the end of the pallet for drawing in and exhausting air emerging from the volume occupied by the cargo L.
  • Spaces, such as corner cut-outs 23 (see FIG. 4) which remain between adjacent pallets P can when required, remain completely open or can be closed by separate sealing means, which are not shown.
  • Enclosures 32 serve to secure the cargo L on the pallets P against any slipping.
  • the enclosures preferably are formed with openings or perforations so that the exchange of air is not impeded.
  • the enclosures 32 may expediently consist of expanded metal, wire fabrics, meshes, perforated sheet metal plates or the like of the required strength.
  • the enclosures 32 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5, can be secured on the load-bearing surface 25 of the pallet P so as to be capable of being removed or swung out, and thus can be lifted into or removed from the container guides together with the pallet and its load L. To enable loading of cargo onto the pallet, the enclosure 32 may be completely or partly removed.
  • the container guides may be provided with a suitable air flow enabling enclosure or fencing arrangement which is then disposed between the guide rails 10.
  • the enclosures or fencing means can be made closed on some of the sides of the pallet, i.e., without openings, so as to influence the air circulation in the manner required or, if desired, they can be arranged as insulating walls.
  • the pallets P can be provided with transport fittings and/or openings for the engagement of fork-lift trucks, these openings obviously being sealed off from the interior of each ventilation base which serves as a plenum for flow of air from the air supply ducts to the cargo areas of the pallets.
  • connections for coupling the air supply and exhaust ducts to the containers or the pallets can be flexible ducts.
  • Flexible ducts are especially useful with the pallets to enable the pallets to be supported at various elevations in their supporting frames.
  • Pallets P 1 which do not have bases of a sufficient height for direct connection to the air supply ducts 5a, as are preferred for stowing reasons are provided at one of their ends with a connecting plate 40, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6.
  • the connector plate 40 has an opening 41 for the passage of air from an air supply duct 5a into the ventilation base.
  • the connecting plate 40 and the opening 41 have dimensions which permit the fitting of the couplings 16 thereon and an adequate passage for air into the ventilation base.
  • the connecting plates 40 are mounted on the pallets so that they can be removed or hinged; One such example is shown in FIG. 7 in which the connecting plate is divided into three segments 40a, 40b, 40c.
  • the segments 40a and 40c are to be moved by means of hinges 42 from the extended position as shown, in which they are secured by devices not illustrated, into a hinged position in which together they cover the opening 41.
  • the connecting plate 40 can be mounted by sliding bolts or the like on the pallet P 1 , and, after removal from the pallet base, can be pushed into a storage compartment (not shown) in the pallet.
  • the connecting plate 40 it is possible for the connecting plate 40 to be made so that it can be hinged in the region of one of its edges, and in this case care is to be taken that the then undetachable connecting plate is pushed into an opening inside the pallet P 1 .
  • the direct physical coupling of an air supply connecting pipe 8a to the air inlet opening of a container C or of a pallet P or P 1 can be replaced by an indirect coupling in the form of a nozzle 44 coupled to the air supply connecting pipe in spaced relation to the air inlet opening and arranged to direct supply air into the container or pallet base as received in the related guides 10 or 10'.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
US05/913,011 1977-06-10 1978-06-06 Ventilation arrangement for a cargo ship Expired - Lifetime US4428318A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19772726076 DE2726076A1 (de) 1977-06-10 1977-06-10 Belueftungsanordnung fuer ein transportschiff
DE2726076 1977-06-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4428318A true US4428318A (en) 1984-01-31

Family

ID=6011116

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/913,011 Expired - Lifetime US4428318A (en) 1977-06-10 1978-06-06 Ventilation arrangement for a cargo ship

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US4428318A (fr)
JP (1) JPS546294A (fr)
BE (1) BE866800A (fr)
BR (1) BR7803657A (fr)
DD (1) DD136125A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE2726076A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK260078A (fr)
ES (1) ES468783A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2393724A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1597284A (fr)
GR (1) GR64556B (fr)
IT (1) IT1107878B (fr)
NL (1) NL7803980A (fr)
PL (1) PL116727B1 (fr)
SE (1) SE441515B (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4711193A (en) * 1985-05-30 1987-12-08 Blohm & Voss Ag Self-contained ventilation system units for supplying spaces between bulkheads with individually circulated ventilation air
WO2000064733A1 (fr) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Nordstroem Raimo R Systeme de refrigeration pour transporteur de marchandises
CN100594349C (zh) * 2005-03-17 2010-03-17 贝克船舶系统有限及两合公司 用于具有高层货架仓库的固定的储藏室和冷藏船的货舱的空气循环系统
US20100205992A1 (en) * 2003-04-07 2010-08-19 Dna Holdings Pty Ltd Refrigerated cabinet
CN103332286A (zh) * 2013-05-29 2013-10-02 上海船舶研究设计院 一种客滚船货舱的通风系统
CN108945293A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-07 广船国际有限公司 一种船舶机舱临时通风方法
FR3105375A1 (fr) * 2019-12-18 2021-06-25 Environnement Services Système de ventilation pour conteneur de marchandises, et procédé de ventilation associé
US20230219679A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2023-07-13 Fintran Australia Pty Ltd System and method for fumigating a vessel with exhaust
US12264839B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2025-04-01 John Chris Karamanos Pre-piped thermal transfer unit with support mechanism

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2918190A1 (de) * 1979-05-05 1980-11-13 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Montage Frachtschiff mit decks und kuehlanlage
JP2512396B2 (ja) * 1987-03-05 1996-07-03 豊和工業株式会社 タレツトヘツド装置
JPH05213353A (ja) * 1992-01-30 1993-08-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 貨物の載置・運搬用パレット
GB2268039A (en) * 1992-06-25 1994-01-05 Scottish Agricultural College Apparatus for ventilating air/gas/liquid-gaseous mixtures e.g.to plant material in containers

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB240507A (en) 1924-05-06 1925-10-06 John Mclean Thompson Method of storage and transportation of perishable articles
US3115019A (en) 1960-09-26 1963-12-24 American Hardware Corp Self-service refrigerated display case
US3359752A (en) 1965-09-03 1967-12-26 Lester L Westling Refrigerated containerized cargo transport system and container therefor
US3440834A (en) 1967-01-11 1969-04-29 Mitsui O S K Lines Ltd Apparatus for transporting refrigerating containers and cooled containers used therefor
US3489119A (en) 1968-09-04 1970-01-13 United Fruit Co Ship cargo compartment
US3624736A (en) 1969-12-09 1971-11-30 Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng Container-supporting apparatus for container ship
US3692100A (en) 1971-07-09 1972-09-19 United Brands Co Mobile refrigerator shipping container unit
US3970209A (en) 1974-05-15 1976-07-20 Alan Raymond Baxter Collapsible container
US4012922A (en) 1974-11-29 1977-03-22 Grunzweig & Hartmann Und Glasfaser Ag Air cooling equipment for cooling containers
US4122761A (en) 1977-05-10 1978-10-31 Ab Svenska Godscentraler Dangerous goods shipping container
DE2721327C3 (de) 1977-05-12 1981-01-08 O & K Orenstein & Koppel Ag Werk Luebeck, 2400 Luebeck Kühlcontainerschiff mit einer Kühlanlage

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1317724A (fr) * 1963-05-08
NL99236C (fr) * 1953-09-15 1961-09-16
FR1573761A (fr) * 1968-06-10 1969-07-04

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB240507A (en) 1924-05-06 1925-10-06 John Mclean Thompson Method of storage and transportation of perishable articles
US3115019A (en) 1960-09-26 1963-12-24 American Hardware Corp Self-service refrigerated display case
US3359752A (en) 1965-09-03 1967-12-26 Lester L Westling Refrigerated containerized cargo transport system and container therefor
US3440834A (en) 1967-01-11 1969-04-29 Mitsui O S K Lines Ltd Apparatus for transporting refrigerating containers and cooled containers used therefor
US3489119A (en) 1968-09-04 1970-01-13 United Fruit Co Ship cargo compartment
US3624736A (en) 1969-12-09 1971-11-30 Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng Container-supporting apparatus for container ship
US3692100A (en) 1971-07-09 1972-09-19 United Brands Co Mobile refrigerator shipping container unit
US3970209A (en) 1974-05-15 1976-07-20 Alan Raymond Baxter Collapsible container
US4012922A (en) 1974-11-29 1977-03-22 Grunzweig & Hartmann Und Glasfaser Ag Air cooling equipment for cooling containers
US4122761A (en) 1977-05-10 1978-10-31 Ab Svenska Godscentraler Dangerous goods shipping container
DE2721327C3 (de) 1977-05-12 1981-01-08 O & K Orenstein & Koppel Ag Werk Luebeck, 2400 Luebeck Kühlcontainerschiff mit einer Kühlanlage

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4711193A (en) * 1985-05-30 1987-12-08 Blohm & Voss Ag Self-contained ventilation system units for supplying spaces between bulkheads with individually circulated ventilation air
WO2000064733A1 (fr) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Nordstroem Raimo R Systeme de refrigeration pour transporteur de marchandises
US12264839B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2025-04-01 John Chris Karamanos Pre-piped thermal transfer unit with support mechanism
US20100205992A1 (en) * 2003-04-07 2010-08-19 Dna Holdings Pty Ltd Refrigerated cabinet
CN100594349C (zh) * 2005-03-17 2010-03-17 贝克船舶系统有限及两合公司 用于具有高层货架仓库的固定的储藏室和冷藏船的货舱的空气循环系统
CN103332286A (zh) * 2013-05-29 2013-10-02 上海船舶研究设计院 一种客滚船货舱的通风系统
CN103332286B (zh) * 2013-05-29 2015-12-09 上海船舶研究设计院 一种客滚船货舱的通风系统
CN108945293A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-07 广船国际有限公司 一种船舶机舱临时通风方法
CN108945293B (zh) * 2018-07-27 2021-03-30 广船国际有限公司 一种船舶机舱临时通风方法
FR3105375A1 (fr) * 2019-12-18 2021-06-25 Environnement Services Système de ventilation pour conteneur de marchandises, et procédé de ventilation associé
US20230219679A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2023-07-13 Fintran Australia Pty Ltd System and method for fumigating a vessel with exhaust

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL116727B1 (en) 1981-06-30
ES468783A1 (es) 1978-11-16
FR2393724B1 (fr) 1983-08-26
IT7868118A0 (it) 1978-05-16
PL207277A1 (pl) 1979-04-09
IT1107878B (it) 1985-12-02
BE866800A (fr) 1978-09-01
SE441515B (sv) 1985-10-14
GR64556B (en) 1980-04-14
FR2393724A1 (fr) 1979-01-05
SE7803579L (sv) 1978-12-11
JPS546294A (en) 1979-01-18
NL7803980A (nl) 1978-12-12
DD136125A1 (de) 1979-06-20
BR7803657A (pt) 1979-01-09
DK260078A (da) 1978-12-11
DE2726076A1 (de) 1978-12-14
GB1597284A (en) 1981-09-03

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