US4446921A - Method for underground gasification of solid fuels - Google Patents

Method for underground gasification of solid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
US4446921A
US4446921A US06/359,171 US35917182A US4446921A US 4446921 A US4446921 A US 4446921A US 35917182 A US35917182 A US 35917182A US 4446921 A US4446921 A US 4446921A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
supercritical
gas
temperature
deposit
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/359,171
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English (en)
Inventor
Hubert Coenen
Ernst Kriegel
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Fried Krupp AG
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Fried Krupp AG
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Assigned to FRIED. KRUPP GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG; reassignment FRIED. KRUPP GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG; ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: COENEN, HUBERT, KRIEGEL, ERNST
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
    • E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/18—Repressuring or vacuum methods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/243—Combustion in situ

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the underground gasification of solid fuels in which the underground fuel is initially opened up and then converted into a gaseous fuel by means of a chemical reaction with a gasification medium.
  • the gas produced during the underground gasification has a heat value, if 60% oxygen and 40% hydrogen are used as a gasification medium, of about 1350 kcal/Nm 3 .
  • This gas is transported out of the fuel deposit through the bore holes and can be utilized as heating gas or, after suitable pretreatment, as synthesis gas.
  • the opening up of the fuel deposit before the actual underground gasification is necessary to make the fuel deposit sufficiently permeable for the gasification medium and for the resulting gas produced by the gasification.
  • the following known opening up processes have been used for the opening up of the fuel deposit:
  • Electrodes are introduced into the bore holes and a current is applied to the electrodes to heat the fuel deposit and create coked zones in the fuel which are permeable for gases.
  • the known opening up processes suffer from the drawback that the volatile organic components in particular, which are present in the solid fuels, cannot be removed. As a result, during the actual underground gasification, the volatile components are driven out of the gasified section of the fuel deposit and clog up the gas permeable pores and cracks existing in the adjacent section of the fuel deposit. Moreover, the water present in the solid fuel is not removed by the prior art opening up processes, with the result that the heating value of the gas generated by the underground gasification is reduced correspondingly.
  • German Auslegeschrift DE-AS No. 1,493,190 discloses a method for separating mixtures of organic substances by treating the mixtures of organic substances with supercritical gas and subsequently separating the substances dissolved in the resulting supercritical gas phase by reduction of pressure and/or increase in temperature.
  • This publication does not contain any disclosure relating to opening up solid fuel deposits underground by using supercritical gases.
  • this publication does not suggest the use of supercritical gas for the underground gasification of solid fuels as an opening up agent, since it could not be expected that particularly the volatile organic compounds could be extracted from the solid fuel in an advantageous manner while still underground and then recovered above ground.
  • the present invention provides a process for underground gasification of a solid fuel, in which the solid fuel, which is present under the earth's surface, is initially opened up and then converted into a gaseous fuel by means of a chemical reaction with a gasification medium, comprising opening up the solid fuel underground by treating the solid fuel with a gas which is in the supercritical state to dissolve the volatile organic compounds and water contained in the solid fuel in the supercritical gas and thereby form a charged supercritical gas phase, and separating the dissolved organic compounds and the dissolved water from the charged supercritical gas phase above ground in at least two fractions by pressure reduction and/or a change in temperature.
  • FIGURE is a schematic illustration showing a system for practicing the present invention.
  • the process of the present invention for underground gasification of a solid fuel in which the solid fuel, which is present under the earth's surface, is initially opened up the then converted into a gaseous fuel by means of a chemical reaction with a gasification medium, comprises opening up the solid fuel underground by treating the solid fuel with a gas which is in the supercritical state to dissolve volatile organic compounds and water contained in the solid fuel in the supercritical gas and thereby form a charged supercritical gas phase, and separating the dissolved organic compounds and the dissolved water from the charged supercritical gas phase above ground in at least two fractions by pressure reduction and/or a change in temperature.
  • the process of the present invention presents numerous advantages.
  • the volatile components are prevented from clogging the gas permeable pores of the solid fuel during the gasification process and thus they do not have an adverse influence on the gas permeability of the solid fuel.
  • the water present in the fuel is substantially taken up by the supercritical gas so that the heat value of the gas generated during the underground gasification is increased correspondingly.
  • the fractionated separation of the gaseous and liquid organic compounds and of the water from that fuel according to the present invention permits the recovery of raw material, particularly aromatic hydrocarbons, in an advantageous manner.
  • Coal deposits for which mining does not seem worthwhile and which, in particular, do not contain water laden layers are particularly suitable for underground gasification in accordance with the present invention.
  • the process of the present invention can also be used for oil shale and oil sand deposits if geological conditions permit.
  • Prerequisite for the usability of the process according to the present invention is a dense deposit from which the charged supercritical gas phase can be recovered almost completely.
  • the gas which is in the supercritical state, enters the fuel deposit at a temperature from 10° to 100° C. above its supercritical temperature and a pressure of 2 to 300 bar above its critical pressure.
  • the use of these conditions assures that the gas, on the one hand, retains its supercritical state while in the fuel deposit and, on the other hand, is introduced into the fuel deposit with an economically justifiable amount of energy consumption.
  • the temperature of the supercritical gas drops on its path of extraction from the fuel deposit in such a manner that, when the gas leaves the fuel deposit it has a temperature which is 5° to 15° C. above its supercritical temperature.
  • This measure ensures that the supercritical gas is continuously charged with a larger quantity of extracted compounds while on its extraction path, since the dissolving capability of supercritical gases generally is at an optimum in a temperature range which is slightly above the critical temperature and decreases with increasing temperature.
  • the entering temperature of the supercritical gas into the fuel deposit is lowered during the course of the opening-up process by 2° to 50° C.
  • the temperature at which the supercritical gas is fed into the fuel deposit is lowered in stages or continuously.
  • the zone within which the supercritical gas has the maximum extraction effect advantageously travels oppositely to the direction of flow of the supercritical gas.
  • the supercritical gas phase After the supercritical gas phase passes through the fuel deposit, it contains volatile organic compounds and water, and is brougth above ground where the dissolved organic compounds and water are separated from the charged supercritical gas.
  • the separation of the dissolved substances from the gaseous phase according to the present invention can be effected merely by reducing the pressure or merely by changing the temperature (termperature increase or temperature reduction) of the gas phase or by simultaneously reducing the pressure and changing the temperature (temperature increase or temperature reduction) of the gas phase.
  • the separation from the gas phase is performed in at least two stages to obtain at least two fractions of the extracted substances.
  • coal deposit 1 in which two vertical bore holes 2a and 2b are made.
  • Supercritical CO 2 is employed for the opening up, and is conducted through a gas line 3 into coal deposit 1 through bore hole 2a.
  • supercritical propane, ethane, ethene or mixtures of these gaseous hydrocarbons can also be used, but it must then be assured that the use of these gases does not create safety risks.
  • the supercritical CO 2 has a temperature of about 60° C. and a pressure of about 300 bar when it enters into coal deposit 1.
  • the supercritical CO 2 diffuses through coal deposit 1, and thereby charges itself with volatile organic compounds and with water to form a charged supercritical gas phase 4.
  • the water content of coal is about 1 percent by weight on the average, and this water is generally taken up by the supercritical gas phase since it charges itself with water until it is saturated.
  • the water from fuel layers which contain or carry much water is extracted only partly by the supercritical gas phase.
  • a suitable range for the length of time for the opening up process lays between some hours and some days and depends on the respective extraction conditions.
  • the charged supercritical gas phase 4 exits from bore hole 2b and is separated into its components.
  • the ratio of supercritical gas quantity to oepned up coal quantity is between 3:1 and 10:1, which is a weight ratio.
  • fractionating devices 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, and 5e In order to separate the charged supercritical gas phase, it is passed in succession through five fractionating devices 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, and 5e.
  • the dissolved organic compounds are separated in a known manner from the supercritical CO 2 according to their molecular weight, as is the dissolved water, by way of pressure reduction and/or a change in temperature.
  • the resulting regenerated opening up medium 6 is compressed in a pump 7 to the supercritical pressure required to open up coal deposit 1, and is heated to the required supercritical temperature in a heat exchanger 8. It then is conveyed in its supercritical state into bore hole 2a. Since a certain quantity of the opening up medium is lost during the opening up, new gas, in the present case, CO 2 , is continuously added from a reservoir tank 9 to the circulation.
  • 50 percent by weight of the extracted coal means that for every 100 grams of coal deposit, 50 grams of volatiles and water can be extracted.
  • the very volatile, medium volatile and difficulty volatile organic compounds form the different fractions which can be in a gaseous or liquid state like fractions of the well known petroleum distillation.
  • dense deposit remains a coke-like product which has only little portions of volatiles.
  • the flow rate of the supercritical gas depends on the ratio of the supercritical gas to opened up coal quantity and on the coal quantity itself.
  • the size of the bore holes and their respective distance between them depends on the nature of the coal deposit.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
US06/359,171 1981-03-21 1982-03-16 Method for underground gasification of solid fuels Expired - Fee Related US4446921A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3111137 1981-03-21
DE3111137A DE3111137C2 (de) 1981-03-21 1981-03-21 Verfahren zur Untertagevergasung fester Brennstoffe mit vorangehendem Aufschließen der Lagerstätte

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US4446921A true US4446921A (en) 1984-05-08

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Country Status (10)

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US (1) US4446921A (cs)
EP (1) EP0061111B1 (cs)
JP (1) JPS57168991A (cs)
AU (1) AU552221B2 (cs)
CA (1) CA1170977A (cs)
CS (1) CS247065B2 (cs)
DD (1) DD202447A5 (cs)
DE (1) DE3111137C2 (cs)
PL (1) PL133246B1 (cs)
ZA (1) ZA821848B (cs)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4532992A (en) * 1981-08-19 1985-08-06 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method for recovering petroleum
US4883122A (en) * 1988-09-27 1989-11-28 Amoco Corporation Method of coalbed methane production
US5388645A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Method for producing methane-containing gaseous mixtures
US5388642A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Coalbed methane recovery using membrane separation of oxygen from air
US5388641A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Method for reducing the inert gas fraction in methane-containing gaseous mixtures obtained from underground formations
US5388640A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Method for producing methane-containing gaseous mixtures
US5388643A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Coalbed methane recovery using pressure swing adsorption separation
US5417286A (en) * 1993-12-29 1995-05-23 Amoco Corporation Method for enhancing the recovery of methane from a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US5419396A (en) * 1993-12-29 1995-05-30 Amoco Corporation Method for stimulating a coal seam to enhance the recovery of methane from the coal seam
US5439054A (en) * 1994-04-01 1995-08-08 Amoco Corporation Method for treating a mixture of gaseous fluids within a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US5566755A (en) * 1993-11-03 1996-10-22 Amoco Corporation Method for recovering methane from a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US20060016828A1 (en) * 2003-01-24 2006-01-26 Jose Prieto Barranco Method of immobilizing hydrocarbons inside submerged containers or of transporting said hydrocarbon to the surface, using the properties of supercritical fluids at a great depth
WO2011007172A3 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-05-05 Statoil Asa Process
US20130000349A1 (en) * 2009-04-09 2013-01-03 General Synfuels International, Inc. Apparatus and methods for the recovery of hydrocarbonaceous and additional products from oil shale and sands via multi-stage condensation
US20210047568A1 (en) * 2017-04-11 2021-02-18 Terrapower, Llc Flexible pyrolysis system and method

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4333082A1 (de) * 1992-10-10 1994-04-14 Heinz Hinterholzinger Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Heizgas aus Müll und aufgelassenen Kohleminen
DE102012011145B4 (de) * 2012-06-05 2015-11-19 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg CO2-basiertes In-situ-Laugungs- und Aufbereitungsverfahren für den Fluidbergbau
WO2016063308A1 (ja) * 2014-10-20 2016-04-28 株式会社Ｓｂｂ６６ 還元鉄の製造システム及び還元鉄の製造方法
CN107246255B (zh) * 2017-07-26 2019-03-26 太原理工大学 超临界co2与水力压裂复合致裂煤体的模拟装置及方法
CN118958937B (zh) * 2024-08-07 2025-04-15 中国地质大学（武汉） 一种利用超临界二氧化碳进行碳酸盐岩酸化增储的方法和系统

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US2355167A (en) * 1940-10-26 1944-08-08 Kellogg M W Co Process for the recovery of hydrocarbons
US2906337A (en) * 1957-08-16 1959-09-29 Pure Oil Co Method of recovering bitumen
US2974937A (en) * 1958-11-03 1961-03-14 Jersey Prod Res Co Petroleum recovery from carbonaceous formations
US3241611A (en) * 1963-04-10 1966-03-22 Equity Oil Company Recovery of petroleum products from oil shale
US3358756A (en) * 1965-03-12 1967-12-19 Shell Oil Co Method for in situ recovery of solid or semi-solid petroleum deposits
DE1493190A1 (de) * 1963-04-16 1969-09-18 Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh Verfahren zur Trennung von Stoffgemischen
US3480082A (en) * 1967-09-25 1969-11-25 Continental Oil Co In situ retorting of oil shale using co2 as heat carrier
US3516495A (en) * 1967-11-29 1970-06-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Recovery of shale oil
US4010800A (en) * 1976-03-08 1977-03-08 In Situ Technology, Inc. Producing thin seams of coal in situ
US4299285A (en) * 1980-07-21 1981-11-10 Gulf Research & Development Company Underground gasification of bituminous coal

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GB669216A (en) * 1948-12-09 1952-03-26 Oil Recovery Corp Improved method for the secondary recovery of oil
GB681720A (en) * 1949-11-07 1952-10-29 Cyril Aubyn Masterman Improvements in or relating to the underground gasification of coal
US3351132A (en) * 1965-07-16 1967-11-07 Equity Oil Company Post-primary thermal method of recovering oil from oil wells and the like
GB1122091A (en) * 1966-01-06 1968-07-31 Equity Oil Company Recovery of petroleum products from oil shale
DE1245290B (de) * 1966-01-19 1967-07-27 Equity Oil Company Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Erdoel aus OElschiefer
US3474863A (en) * 1967-07-28 1969-10-28 Shell Oil Co Shale oil extraction process
GB1495722A (en) * 1974-07-25 1977-12-21 Coal Ind Extraction of oil shales and tar sands
US4043395A (en) * 1975-03-13 1977-08-23 Continental Oil Company Method for removing methane from coal
US4130164A (en) * 1977-08-11 1978-12-19 Syracuse Research Corporation Process for coal gasification
NL7713455A (nl) * 1977-12-06 1979-06-08 Stamicarbon Werkwijze voor het in situ winnen van kool.

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2355167A (en) * 1940-10-26 1944-08-08 Kellogg M W Co Process for the recovery of hydrocarbons
US2906337A (en) * 1957-08-16 1959-09-29 Pure Oil Co Method of recovering bitumen
US2974937A (en) * 1958-11-03 1961-03-14 Jersey Prod Res Co Petroleum recovery from carbonaceous formations
US3241611A (en) * 1963-04-10 1966-03-22 Equity Oil Company Recovery of petroleum products from oil shale
DE1493190A1 (de) * 1963-04-16 1969-09-18 Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh Verfahren zur Trennung von Stoffgemischen
US3358756A (en) * 1965-03-12 1967-12-19 Shell Oil Co Method for in situ recovery of solid or semi-solid petroleum deposits
US3480082A (en) * 1967-09-25 1969-11-25 Continental Oil Co In situ retorting of oil shale using co2 as heat carrier
US3516495A (en) * 1967-11-29 1970-06-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Recovery of shale oil
US4010800A (en) * 1976-03-08 1977-03-08 In Situ Technology, Inc. Producing thin seams of coal in situ
US4299285A (en) * 1980-07-21 1981-11-10 Gulf Research & Development Company Underground gasification of bituminous coal

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4532992A (en) * 1981-08-19 1985-08-06 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method for recovering petroleum
US4883122A (en) * 1988-09-27 1989-11-28 Amoco Corporation Method of coalbed methane production
US5014785A (en) * 1988-09-27 1991-05-14 Amoco Corporation Methane production from carbonaceous subterranean formations
US5388645A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Method for producing methane-containing gaseous mixtures
US5388642A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Coalbed methane recovery using membrane separation of oxygen from air
US5388641A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Method for reducing the inert gas fraction in methane-containing gaseous mixtures obtained from underground formations
US5388640A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Method for producing methane-containing gaseous mixtures
US5388643A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-02-14 Amoco Corporation Coalbed methane recovery using pressure swing adsorption separation
US5566755A (en) * 1993-11-03 1996-10-22 Amoco Corporation Method for recovering methane from a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US5494108A (en) * 1993-12-29 1996-02-27 Amoco Corporation Method for stimulating a coal seam to enhance the recovery of methane from the coal seam
US5417286A (en) * 1993-12-29 1995-05-23 Amoco Corporation Method for enhancing the recovery of methane from a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US5419396A (en) * 1993-12-29 1995-05-30 Amoco Corporation Method for stimulating a coal seam to enhance the recovery of methane from the coal seam
US5439054A (en) * 1994-04-01 1995-08-08 Amoco Corporation Method for treating a mixture of gaseous fluids within a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US5566756A (en) * 1994-04-01 1996-10-22 Amoco Corporation Method for recovering methane from a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US5454666A (en) * 1994-04-01 1995-10-03 Amoco Corporation Method for disposing of unwanted gaseous fluid components within a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US20060016828A1 (en) * 2003-01-24 2006-01-26 Jose Prieto Barranco Method of immobilizing hydrocarbons inside submerged containers or of transporting said hydrocarbon to the surface, using the properties of supercritical fluids at a great depth
US20130000349A1 (en) * 2009-04-09 2013-01-03 General Synfuels International, Inc. Apparatus and methods for the recovery of hydrocarbonaceous and additional products from oil shale and sands via multi-stage condensation
WO2011007172A3 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-05-05 Statoil Asa Process
US9234407B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2016-01-12 Statoil Petroleum As Process for simultaneously extracting and upgrading by controlled extraction a heavy hydrocarbon mixture
US20210047568A1 (en) * 2017-04-11 2021-02-18 Terrapower, Llc Flexible pyrolysis system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0061111B1 (de) 1987-05-20
EP0061111A3 (en) 1984-07-18
DE3111137A1 (de) 1982-10-28
JPS57168991A (en) 1982-10-18
CS247065B2 (en) 1986-11-13
PL235517A1 (cs) 1982-11-08
ZA821848B (en) 1983-03-30
CA1170977A (en) 1984-07-17
AU8075282A (en) 1982-09-30
DE3111137C2 (de) 1985-06-13
AU552221B2 (en) 1986-05-22
PL133246B1 (en) 1985-05-31
DD202447A5 (de) 1983-09-14
EP0061111A2 (de) 1982-09-29

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