US4524774A - Apparatus and method for the stimulation of a human muscle - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for the stimulation of a human muscle Download PDF

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Publication number
US4524774A
US4524774A US06/399,283 US39928382A US4524774A US 4524774 A US4524774 A US 4524774A US 39928382 A US39928382 A US 39928382A US 4524774 A US4524774 A US 4524774A
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United States
Prior art keywords
muscle
stimulation signals
signals
region
stimulating
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/399,283
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English (en)
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Jurgen Hildebrandt
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Deutsche Nemectron GmbH
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Assigned to DEUTSCHE NEMECTRON GMBH; A GERMAN CORP. reassignment DEUTSCHE NEMECTRON GMBH; A GERMAN CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: HILDEBRANDT, JURGEN
Assigned to HILDEBRANDT reassignment HILDEBRANDT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DEUTSCHE NEMECTRON GMBH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0031—Implanted circuitry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36003—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of motor muscles, e.g. for walking assistance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4519—Muscles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/37205—Microstimulators, e.g. implantable through a cannula
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/903—Radio telemetry

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for stimulation of a muscle in the human body using at least one stimulus producer designed to be implanted in the muscle, a receiver and a power supply for the receiver, a number of electrodes for output of stimulation signals and for the supply to the muscle at different points thereof of stimulus pulses which are exactly defined with respect to the order, the amplitude, the length and form of the pulses, such pulses causing a muscle contraction which takes place as naturally as possible.
  • a programmable stimulation apparatus for human tissue has been designed in the prior art, in the case of which, using an external controller and an implanted receiver, stimulus signals are produced in a cyclical order (as preprogrammed by the stimulus producer) at a number of electrodes implanted at positions in the tissue, where stimulation is to take place, such electrodes being wired up with the stimulus producer.
  • stimulus signals are produced in a cyclical order (as preprogrammed by the stimulus producer) at a number of electrodes implanted at positions in the tissue, where stimulation is to take place, such electrodes being wired up with the stimulus producer.
  • one purpose of the present invention is that of designing an apparatus of the sort noted in such a way that a voluntary, free function is possible without hand operation.
  • a further purpose of the invention is designing such an apparatus which does without wires implanted into the muscle while nevertheless making certain that the stimulus or stimulation electrodes are within the full control of the patient.
  • an apparatus for the stimulation of a human muscle having stimulus producers designed to be implanted in said muscle, a receiver and a power supply for the receiver and a number of electrodes for output of stimulus signals is characterized in the present invention inasfar as it has:
  • each stimulus producer has a receiver, designed for selectively receiving a signal, a stimulus generator, whose stimulus signal is controlled in its amplitude frequency and length by way of a received signal, and a power supply, the power supply being itself supplied with received high-frequency energy,
  • muscle potential sensors designed to be implanted in the muscle, of which each has a transmitter, designed for transmitting a signal which is modulated to be representative of sensed muscle potential and may be selectively translated, each such transmitter having a power supply which is as well supplied with received high-frequency energy, and
  • a telemetry receiver designed for use with the transmitters of the muscle potential sensors and for modulation, by way of a data processing circuit, of a telemetry transmitter designed for use with the stimulus producers.
  • the general process and method of use teaching of the invention is a new method of muscle stimulation using a number of muscle potential sensors, implanted at a number of different points in the muscle, the separate muscle potentials are measured and sent by way of transmitters (which are best integrated with the muscle potential sensors) to a telemetry receiver, the received signals are translated in a data processing circuit and the translated or processed signals are transmitted by way of a telemetry transmitter to a number of stimulus producers which as well are implanted at spaced points in the muscle, such stimulus producers outputting stimulus pulses by way of electrodes.
  • the invention makes use of sensors for measuring the muscle potentials and on the basis of such measured muscle potentials, operation of the stimulus producers takes place and the muscle motion is caused by way of stimulus electrodes which are selectively and definedly supplied with physiological or programmable stimulus signals in a way dependent on the measured muscle potentials. Because of the use of sensors, there is no need for hand control, even if such control takes place by way of example through an external computer and furthermore the parts of a motion of the muscle are controlled in a way dependent on the electrophysiological conditions of the muscle, in which respect, more specially because of the number of separate stimulus producers, there is the best possible matching, and the best possible range of motion steps. It is not necessary to have further connection wires between the stimulus producers and the electrodes; the electrodes may be joined up directly with the stimulus producers.
  • the power supplies are themselves powered with the transmission energy of the telemetry transmitter.
  • the power supplies of the stimulus producers and the muscle potential sensors may get their energy or power from separate energy transmitters, something which, however, would have the effect of increasing the price of the apparatus, such an increase in price being made unnecessary, as a further useful effect, by the said design of the apparatus of the invention.
  • the transmitters of the muscle potential sensors and the telemetry receivers are designed for use on a different frequency band to a frequency band used by the receivers of the stimulus generators and the telemetry transmitter, this separating, in a trouble-free way, the untranslated signals from the muscle potential sensors and the signals, after being translated, sent out by the telemetry transmitter for the receivers of the stimulus generators so that, in a trouble-free way, there will be no interference or interaction in the case of the two sorts of signals.
  • the antennas of the telemetry receiver and of the telemetry transmitter are housed in a unit designed to be seated on a limb having the muscle to be stimulated so that the limb is at least partly covered thereby.
  • the antennas of the telemetry receiver and transmitter have a belt, which may be placed round the limb. This is responsible for comfort of a patient supporting the external, not implanted parts of the apparatus on his body.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the complete apparatus at a diagrammatic view of a muscle.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section through a stimulus producer forming part of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section through a muscle potential sensor of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph, by way of example, of a train of pulses as a way of encoding information for the stimulus producers, to make clear changes in the voltage of the electrode of one such stimulus producer.
  • FIG. 1 it will be seen from block diagram 1 that for the stimulation of a human muscle 2, that stimulus producers St 1 to St n are implanted at any desired positions in the muscle, each stimulus producer having its muscle potential sensors Ts 1 to Ts n for use therewith and which, as well, are implanted in the muscle so that it is possible to say that one given muscle potential sensor Ts and one stimulus producer St take the form of a functional unit which may be put into operation selectively using parts of the apparatus still to be detailed.
  • the stimulus producers St are supplied by way of a telemetry transmitter 10, of which a more detailed account will be given, with modulated high-frequency energy, such energy meeting the energy need of the receiver 4 and the stimulus generator 5 as well by way of an integrated power supply 6 within the stimulus producer St.
  • a telemetry transmitter 10 of which a more detailed account will be given
  • modulated high-frequency energy such energy meeting the energy need of the receiver 4 and the stimulus generator 5 as well by way of an integrated power supply 6 within the stimulus producer St.
  • the stimulus generator 5 and the power supply 6 it is possible in the case of one working design of a stimulus producer St for the receiver 4, the stimulus generator 5 and the power supply 6 to be in the form of a single IC as may be known to those trained in the art, the receiving circuit of such IC having an antenna tuned to the frequency of the telemetry transmitter 10.
  • the further muscle-implanted potential sensors Ts 1 to Ts n have sensor electrodes 7 by way of which muscle potentials, still produced in a muscle with a damaged nerve, may be sensed at given points, such muscle potentials being translated by way of an amplifier and modulator 11 to control signals for a telemetry transmitter 8 integrated in a muscle potential sensor Ts.
  • the muscle potential sensors Ts have a power supply 12, which itself gets power by way of a receiver for use therewith or by way of a telemetry transmitter 8 (designed as a transmitter-receiver) from the external telemetry transmitter 10.
  • the account so far given on the design of the stimulus producers St is true in this respect as well, i.e. it goes for this part of the system.
  • a telemetry transmitter 10 of generally known construction, whose transmitting antenna 14 is placed in a belt or cuff, placed round the muscle 2, i.e. the limb of which it is part, such belt not being detailed in the figures to make them simpler. It is furthermore possible for the transmitting antenna 14 to be placed in a shell, for example in the form of a hollow ball which may be placed in the seat of the user's pants, such a hollow part of a ball furthermore having a transmitting antenna 16 for a telemetry receiver 9, or, in place of this, an antenna which may be switched over for the two uses in a known way.
  • the telemetry receiver 9, the transmitter 10 and a data processing circuit 15 may, like a battery, be supported on a normal belt and are joined up by way of a coaxial cable with antennas 14 and 16.
  • the telemetry transmitter 10 sends out signals which are selectively received by the stimulus producers St 1 to St n , the transmitted power or energy of the telemetry transmitter 10 in the times between signals being used for supplying the power supplies 6 and 12 of stimulus producers St 1 to St n and of the muscle potential sensors Ts 1 to Ts n with power, the high-frequency output of the transmitter being rectified and stored.
  • the control of the telemetry transmitter 10 and its modulation is by way of a data processing circuit 15, whose main part may be a microprocessor and in which the signals, received by way of a telemetry receiver 9 from the transmitters 8 of the muscle potential sensors Ts are translated or processed for driving the telemetry transmitter 10.
  • a data processing circuit 15 whose main part may be a microprocessor and in which the signals, received by way of a telemetry receiver 9 from the transmitters 8 of the muscle potential sensors Ts are translated or processed for driving the telemetry transmitter 10.
  • the data processing circuit 15, controlling the transmitter 10, is responsible in an encoding stage for forming amplified and addressed single signals from the signals of the telemetry receiver 9, which, for its part, is responsible for demodulating and decoding all of the signals of the signal train coming in from the transmitters 8 of the muscle potential sensors Ts.
  • the data processing circuit 15 has inputs 17 for control voltages, which the patient or his doctor may in addition make use of to have an effect on the amplitude, length and/or form of the pulses.
  • the telemetry transmitter 10 is so controlled that signals, proportional to the single signals, are selectively sent to the stimulus producers.
  • a modulated RF signal transmitted by the telemetry transmitter 10 is received.
  • the information of the signal is used for producing stimulus pulses in the stimulus generator 5 and output of the same by way of the electrodes 3.
  • the information may, in each case, be made up of a 5 bit long code-word 50, 51 in each case with a length of 50 microseconds for example, see FIG. 4.
  • Such a form of encoding may be used for an 8-channel apparatus, that is to say one having up to 8 stimulus producers St.
  • the first bit is for synchronization.
  • the next three bits are used for selection of the desired stimulus producer St in the information transmission system and the last bit is used for controlling the output of a stimulus pulse.
  • the serial bit train is taken up in a shift register after the start pulse has been produced by the sync bit.
  • the code-word undergoes comparison with the permanently wired code and if the read signal is the same as the permanently wired one, the stimulus producer St in question will be used and the output flipflop will be switched, that is to say into the "on” or the "off” condition, dependent on if the last bit is a "1" or a "0".
  • a stimulus or stimulation pulse is produced with a length of for example 500 microseconds and then, by way of the power supply, a storage capacitor is charged up by way of a constant current supply till the charging operation is interrupted after for example 10 milliseconds by the "off" command.
  • a constant voltage 52 at the electrode 3 of the stimulus producer (in the present case St 1 in question.
  • the actual value of the constant voltage 52 will be dependent on the size of the tissue resistance.
  • the power supply for the stimulus producers St 1 to St n and of the muscle potential sensors Ts 1 to Ts n by way of the power supplies 6 and 12 is best taken care of in the modulation intervals of the telemetry transmitter 10.
  • the separate electronic circuits may, as a general point, be designed as in the prior art.
  • pulses may be amplified with the apparatus of the invention (unlike the case of prior art forms of apparatus) so that such amplified signals may be supplied to therapeutically selected points on the muscle as a supermaximal stimulus for all the resting motor units taken together.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
US06/399,283 1981-07-30 1982-07-19 Apparatus and method for the stimulation of a human muscle Expired - Fee Related US4524774A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3130104 1981-07-30
DE19813130104 DE3130104A1 (de) 1981-07-30 1981-07-30 Anordnung zur stimulation eines menschlichen muskels

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US4524774A true US4524774A (en) 1985-06-25

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US (1) US4524774A (de)
EP (1) EP0071131A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS5841570A (de)
AU (1) AU8631682A (de)
DE (1) DE3130104A1 (de)
YU (1) YU162982A (de)
ZA (1) ZA825469B (de)

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AU8631682A (en) 1983-02-03
DE3130104A1 (de) 1983-02-17
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