US4596236A - Stainless steel cooking vessel suitable for all types of heat sources - Google Patents

Stainless steel cooking vessel suitable for all types of heat sources Download PDF

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Publication number
US4596236A
US4596236A US06/771,466 US77146685A US4596236A US 4596236 A US4596236 A US 4596236A US 77146685 A US77146685 A US 77146685A US 4596236 A US4596236 A US 4596236A
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Prior art keywords
layer
vessel
magnetizable
heat distributing
plate
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US06/771,466
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English (en)
Inventor
Svein Eide
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HACKMAN HOUSEWARES Oy AB
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Ardal og Sunndal Verk AS
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Assigned to HACKMAN HOUSEWARES OY AB reassignment HACKMAN HOUSEWARES OY AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: HYDRO ALUMINIUM A.S
Assigned to HYDRO ALUMINIUM A.S. reassignment HYDRO ALUMINIUM A.S. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 12/19/1986 NORWAY Assignors: ARDAL OG SUNNDAL VERK A.S
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/12—Cooking devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cooking vessels of stainless steel with good boiling, baking and frying properties, irrespective to the heat source employed.
  • Austenitic stainless steel has very low magnetic permeability, and is thus not a suitable material for cookware for heating by all types of heat sources. Very good cooking properties have however been imparted to such cookware by strengthening the base with a plate of a metal with good thermal conductivity, for example aluminum or copper, thus making the cookware suitable for heating on an ordinary hotplate or by gas.
  • Chromium steel with its good magnetic permeability, has also been tried as a material for cookware. As with cookware of austenitic steel, it has been desirable to improve the cooking properties by brazing a copper plate onto the base, and a protective plate of chromium steel outside the copper plate. A saucepan or other type of cooking vessel of this type may be efficiently heated by an induction plate, but the base is not durable. The combination of chromium steel and copper suffers from too large a difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion so that the base becomes loose after only a short period of use.
  • martensitic stainless steel has very good magnetic permeability.
  • One proposal employs cookware of copper or aluminium clad on the outside and the inside with this stainless steel.
  • the combination of martensitic stainless steel and copper suffers from the same large difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion as does the chromium steel-copper combination, and thus does not last.
  • An even larger difference is shown in the combination of chromium steel and aluminum, and therefore this combination also is non-durable.
  • a vessel of austenitic stainless steel having affixed thereto, e.g. to the bottom thereof, a heat distributing layer such as an extra base of a metal with good heat conductivity, for example copper or aluminum. Exteriorly of or to the bottom of this extra base is affixed a magnetizable layer, such as a magnetizable plate of mild steel.
  • a feature of the present invention is that there are two or three intermediate layers between the layer of magnetizable steel and the heat-distributing layer or extra base of copper or aluminum.
  • intermediate layers are comparatively thin, and they must be such that their coefficients of thermal expansion are between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the heat-distributing layer and the magnetizable layer.
  • the shearing forces which arise between the two main layers, i.e. the heat-distributing layer and the magnetizable layer, during heating and which tend to cause the laminate to disintegrate are, through the structure according to the invention, spread over the two or three intermediate layers.
  • the intermediate layers function as bonding layers and compensating layers for linear expansion.
  • An intermediate layer can, by way of example, consist of a thin layer of nickel, copper, brass or austenitic stainless steel, which has been coated on one or both sides with a suitable brazing alloy.
  • the most expedient way of building up the magnetizable plate is in the form of a roll-plated laminate with a core of mild steel. If the heat-distributing layer is of aluminum, and if it is bonded to the magnetizable plate by means of a brazing process, it is important that the brazing alloy be of a composition that also serves as a diffusion barrier between the aluminum and the austenitic stainless steel so as to avoid the formation of a brittle ferroaluminum phase.
  • the magnetizable steel plate is in the form of a unitary, non-perforated and unbroken surface from the periphery thereof to the center thereof, thus avoiding ring-shaped subdivisions.
  • the sheet or layer which constitutes the magnetizable and heat-producing layer in a cooking vessel according to the invention can be formed wholly or partly of amorphous rapid solidified steel.
  • this layer can be protected on the outside, preferably by a layer of the same metal and of the same thickness as one of the intermediate layers on the inside.
  • Hotplates of ceramic glass are sensitive to surface scratches. Scratches from sharp edges can be the cause of cracks under the action of heat.
  • a feature of this invention is that the magnetizable plate with the intermediate layers and coating is rounded and is drawn back from the outer edge so that the exposed outer periphery is rounded, or that it consists of a soft metal such as copper or aluminum. This also protects the edge of the steel against corrosion.
  • a further effect of having two or three intermediate layers is that the spread of heat is increased.
  • intercrystalline layers in the brazing zones will act as temperature barriers, delaying the conduction of heat across the base and increasing the conduction of heat in radially.
  • FIG. 1 is a section of part of a base of a cooking vessel of stainless steel with a heat-distributing plate of copper and with the peripheral part of a magnetizable plate embedded in a groove in the copper plate;
  • FIG. 2 is a section of part of a base of a cooking vessel of stainless steel in which a heat-distributing layer of aluminum is completely covered by a magnetizable laminated plate;
  • FIG. 3 is a section of part of a base with a laminated plate continuing up along the side of the vessel;
  • FIG. 4 is a section of part of a base provided with three intermediate layers.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cooking vessel or container according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the container includes a base 1 of austenitic stainless steel.
  • a heat distributing layer in the form of a plate 2 of copper is bonded to the bottom of the base of container 1 by means of a layer of hard solder 3.
  • hard solder solder
  • soldering alloy soldering alloy
  • brazing alloy will be employed to refer to compositions capable of achieving soldering or brazing of the particular elements involved. Those skilled in the art will understand what such brazing or soldering alloys may be employed to achieve a suitable bonding of the particular materials of the layers involved.
  • the peripheral area of the bottom of copper plate 2 has formed therein a groove 4 the magnetizable layer comprising a plate without ring shaped division thereof.
  • a magnetizable layer is in the form of a plate 5 of mild steel, onto both sides of which have been roll-plated respective thin layers 6 of nickel.
  • the resultant laminate layer has a cylindrical flange at its outer peripheral edge, and this flange is pressed into the groove 4.
  • the plate 5 with its coating layers 6 is bonded to copper plate 2 by means of a suitable hard solder 7.
  • the inner or upper thin layer of nickel 6 and the hard solder layer 7 form two intermediate layers, each of which is formed of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion value between the values of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials of heat distributing layer 2 and magnetizable layer 5.
  • These two intermediate layers function, not only to achieve a highly satisfactory bonding between plates 2 and 5, but additionally as compensating layers for linear expansion.
  • the intermediate layers act to increase outward or radial heat conduction.
  • the vessel includes a base 1 of austenitic stainless steel, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the heat distributing layer is in the form of a plate 9 of aluminum.
  • the magnetizable layer is in the form of plate 5 of mild steel, both sides of which are plated, for example by roll-plating, with austenitic stainless steel 11.
  • the laminate of plate 5 and layers 11 is bonded to aluminum plate 9 by means of a layer of a soldering alloy 10.
  • the plate 9 also is bonded to base 1 by such a layer of soldering alloy 10.
  • the inner or upper coating or layer 11 of stainless steel and the bonding soldering alloy 10 form two intermediate layers between the magnetizable layer 5 and the heat distributing plate 9.
  • These two intermediate layers each have a coefficient of thermal expansion value which is between the values of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials of the heat distributing layer 9 and the magnetizable layer 5, and thus these two intermediate layers operate to achieve the same functions described above regarding the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the values of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the intermediate layers need not necessarily be the same.
  • FIG. 3 is the same as the embodiment of FIG. 2, except that the laminated magnetizable layer is continued beyond the heat distributing plate 9 and covers the exterior walls of the vessel.
  • a cooking vessel such as a saucepan, includes a body 12 in the form of a laminate including an aluminum core 13 covered on opposite sides thereof, for example by roll-plating, with thin layers 14 of stainless steel. It specifically is contemplated that layers 14 are of austenitic stainless steel.
  • Aluminum core 13 forms the heat distributing layer in accordance with this embodiment.
  • the bottom or base of vessel body 12 has formed therein a groove 15.
  • a laminated plate 16 has an outer peripheral flange pressed into groove 15.
  • Plate 16 includes a core 18 of mild steel plated, for example by roll-plating, on both sides thereof with thin layers 19 of austenitic stainless steel.
  • the laminate plate 16 is bonded to the laminate vessel body 12 by means of a suitable solder layer 17.
  • solder layer 17 In this embodiment of the present invention, there thus are formed three intermediate layers between the magnetizable layer 18 and the heat distributing layer 13. These three laminate layers include the upper austenitic stainless steel layer 19, the solder layer 17, and the lower or outer austenitic stainless steel layer 14.
  • Each of these three intermediate layers will have a coefficient of thermal expansion value between the values of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the magnetizable layer 18 and the heat distributing layer 13. This arrangement achieves the functions discussed above.
  • FIGS. 1 through 4 may be encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
  • the various materials employed for the various elements of the embodiments of FIGS. 1-4 to a large degree may be interchanged, and those skilled in the art would understand what materials may be so combined and interchanged.
  • suitable mild steels to form the magnetizable layers 5, 18 may be known mild steels of low carbon content, for example 0.08C per AISI C1010.
  • the thickness of the various intermediate layers preferably is approximately 0.05 to 0.50 mm.
  • Suitable examples of soldering alloys, hard solders, brazing alloys are as follows. If the heat distributing layer is aluminum, then Al-6:CU 0.006%, Zn 0.012% and Al 90.6% is suitable. If the heat distributing layer is copper, then C-40:Ag 19.4%, Zn 30.55% and Cd 11.37% is suitable. Again however, those skilled in the art would understand what other compositions would be suitable in accordance with the present invention. Examples of rapid solidified amorphous steel, i.e.
  • amorphous metallic glass are transformer sheets, Fe Co, Ferro Cobolt Alloy or amorphous Co 66 Fe 4 (Mo Si B) 30 .
  • transformer sheets Fe Co, Ferro Cobolt Alloy or amorphous Co 66 Fe 4 (Mo Si B) 30 .
  • Other such compositions as will be understood by those skilled in the art may be employed.
  • An example of a suitable austenitic stainless steel is AISI 304, although other examples may be employed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US06/771,466 1982-12-14 1985-08-30 Stainless steel cooking vessel suitable for all types of heat sources Expired - Lifetime US4596236A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO824193 1982-12-14
NO824193A NO152483C (no) 1982-12-14 1982-12-14 Kokekar av rustfritt staal for alle typer oppvarmingskilder

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US06556160 Continuation 1983-11-29

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US4596236A true US4596236A (en) 1986-06-24

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US (1) US4596236A (da)
EP (1) EP0111867B2 (da)
DE (1) DE3376792D1 (da)
DK (1) DK158492C (da)
FI (1) FI80375C (da)
NO (1) NO152483C (da)

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US4776386A (en) * 1985-04-29 1988-10-11 Hermann Meier Apparatus for cooling, storing and reheating food using induction heating
US4782993A (en) * 1985-06-26 1988-11-08 Amc-International Alfa Metalcraft Corporation Ag Process for manufacturing twin layer bottoms with filling of the hollow space
US4790292A (en) * 1985-10-31 1988-12-13 Heinrich Kuhn Metallwarenfabrik Ag Cooking vessel
US4857281A (en) * 1987-01-29 1989-08-15 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Pauling boiler and process for the concentration of sulphuric acid
US5064055A (en) * 1987-08-24 1991-11-12 Fissler Gmbh Cookware
US5240137A (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-08-31 Amc International Alfa Metalcraft Corporation Ag Method of manufacturing a cooking utensil
US5307951A (en) * 1991-04-30 1994-05-03 Heinrich Kuhn Metallwarenfabrik Ag Metal utensil
US5487329A (en) * 1994-04-15 1996-01-30 Vesta Ag & Co. Ohg Cooking or boiling pot
US5551415A (en) * 1993-11-04 1996-09-03 Cartossi S.R.L. Capsular base laterally carrying graphic elements, for a cooking utensil
US5564590A (en) * 1994-04-21 1996-10-15 Kim; Myung-Suk Cooking vessel having multiple bottom structure and method for production thereof
US5603858A (en) * 1995-06-02 1997-02-18 Aladdin Synergetics, Inc. Heat retentive server for induction heating
US5647271A (en) * 1992-07-06 1997-07-15 Seb Kitchenware with thermal conducting system
US5711290A (en) * 1995-05-24 1998-01-27 Kim; Myung-Suk Bottom structure for multi-ply impact bonded bottom cookwares
US5952112A (en) * 1994-03-18 1999-09-14 Clad Lizenz Ag Multilayer, cold deformable composite metal article capable of being deep drawn
US6576876B2 (en) * 2000-11-02 2003-06-10 Inoxia, S.R.L. Stainless steel cooking utensil with composite capsular base heatable by magnetic induction
US20030160053A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2003-08-28 Kim Myung Suk Pot with multi-layered bottom and manufacturing process thereof
US20050205172A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2005-09-22 Alain Coudurier Easy-clean cooking surface and electrical household appliance comprising such a surface
WO2006008587A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-26 Meyer Intellectual Properties Limited Cooking vessel with multiply ringed bottom surface
US20060054027A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2006-03-16 Rafael Vanthoor Cooking utensil
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US20060289487A1 (en) * 2004-01-28 2006-12-28 Meyer Intellectual Properties Limited Double Walled Induction Heated Article of Cookware
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US20070275263A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2007-11-29 All-Clad Metalcrafters Llc Bonded metal components having uniform thermal conductivity characteristics and method of making same
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WO2008014233A3 (en) * 2006-07-27 2008-10-02 Meyer Intellectual Properties Laminated cookware with a protected edge
US20080241582A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 All-Clad Metalcrafters Llc Multi-Ply Cookware With Copper-Aluminum-Stainless Steel
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US20100143619A1 (en) * 2008-07-23 2010-06-10 Tai-Her Yang Thermal Conduction Principle And Device For Intercrossed Structure Having Different Thermal Characteristics
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US8263906B2 (en) 2010-05-11 2012-09-11 Cambro Manufacturing Company Food warming system
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US9630206B2 (en) 2005-05-12 2017-04-25 Innovatech, Llc Electrosurgical electrode and method of manufacturing same
KR101732734B1 (ko) 2009-11-25 2017-05-04 양태허 상이한 열특성을 가진 교차구조에 의한 열전달 원리와 장치
TWI618910B (zh) * 2009-08-06 2018-03-21 楊泰和 具不同熱特性交叉結構熱導裝置
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CN108851932B (zh) * 2017-05-12 2021-08-20 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 锅具、锅具组件和厨房器具
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Publication number Publication date
FI842367L (fi) 1985-12-13
EP0111867B2 (en) 1995-10-11
FI80375B (fi) 1990-02-28
FI80375C (fi) 1990-06-11
DK572083A (da) 1984-06-15
EP0111867B1 (en) 1988-06-01
NO824193L (no) 1984-06-15
DK572083D0 (da) 1983-12-13
NO152483B (no) 1985-07-01
FI842367A0 (fi) 1984-06-12
DK158492B (da) 1990-05-28
EP0111867A1 (en) 1984-06-27
DK158492C (da) 1990-10-29
DE3376792D1 (en) 1988-07-07
NO152483C (no) 1985-10-09

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