US5062021A - Selectively textured magnetic recording media - Google Patents

Selectively textured magnetic recording media Download PDF

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Publication number
US5062021A
US5062021A US07/491,586 US49158690A US5062021A US 5062021 A US5062021 A US 5062021A US 49158690 A US49158690 A US 49158690A US 5062021 A US5062021 A US 5062021A
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Prior art keywords
disc
laser
head
substrate
depressions
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Rajiv Y. Ranjan
David N. Lambeth
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Seagate Technology LLC
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Magnetic Peripherals Inc
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Assigned to MAGNETIC PERIPHERALS INC. reassignment MAGNETIC PERIPHERALS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RANJAN, RAJIV Y.
Assigned to MAGNETIC PERIPHERALS INC. reassignment MAGNETIC PERIPHERALS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: LAMBETH, DAVID N.
Assigned to SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MAGNETIC PERIPHERALS INC.,
Priority to JP2336997A priority patent/JPH03272018A/ja
Priority to DE69122980T priority patent/DE69122980T2/de
Priority to SG1996004123A priority patent/SG49693A1/en
Priority to EP91300614A priority patent/EP0447025B1/fr
Priority to US07/675,334 priority patent/US5108781A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B23/00—Record carriers not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Accessories, e.g. containers, specially adapted for co-operation with the recording or reproducing apparatus ; Intermediate mediums; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for their manufacture
    • G11B23/50—Reconditioning of record carriers; Cleaning of record carriers ; Carrying-off electrostatic charges
    • G11B23/505—Reconditioning of record carriers; Cleaning of record carriers ; Carrying-off electrostatic charges of disk carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
    • G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
    • G11B5/60—Fluid-dynamic spacing of heads from record-carriers
    • G11B5/6005—Specially adapted for spacing from a rotating disc using a fluid cushion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
    • G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
    • G11B5/60—Fluid-dynamic spacing of heads from record-carriers
    • G11B5/6005—Specially adapted for spacing from a rotating disc using a fluid cushion
    • G11B5/6082—Design of the air bearing surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/74—Record carriers characterised by the form, e.g. sheet shaped to wrap around a drum
    • G11B5/82—Disk carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/84—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/84—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers
    • G11B5/8404—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers manufacturing base layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/90—Magnetic feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9265—Special properties
    • Y10S428/928—Magnetic property
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12229—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12236—Panel having nonrectangular perimeter
    • Y10T428/12243—Disk
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12472—Microscopic interfacial wave or roughness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12993—Surface feature [e.g., rough, mirror]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the recording, storage and reading of magnetic data, and more particularly to rotatable magnetic discs used in cooperation with magnetic transducing heads and having at least portions of their data recording surfaces textured for contact with the transducing heads.
  • Magnetic discs and disc drives are well known for their utility in storing data in magnetizable form. They typically employ one or more discs rotated on central axis, in combination with data transducing heads positioned at close proximity to the recording surfaces of the discs and moved generally radially with respect to the discs. Generally these devices are of two kinds. The first uses flexible or "floppy" discs, with associated transducing heads contacting the recording surfaces at all times. The second type employs rigid discs rotated at much higher speeds than flexible discs. The transducing heads, during reading and recording operations, are maintained at a controlled distance from the recording surface, supported on a "bearing" of air as the disc rotates. The transducing heads contact their associated recording surfaces whenever the discs are stationary, when they accelerate from a stop, and during deceleration just before coming to a complete stop.
  • rigid disc can be formed with an aluminum substrate polished flat and plated with a nickel-phosphorous alloy.
  • the alloy is polished to a substantially specular finish, e.g. to a roughness of less than 0.1 microinch.
  • the disc is then rotated between opposed pressure pads or rollers which support a cloth or paper coated with silicon carbide (SiC) or other suitable grit of a size predetermined to yield roughness peaks of about one microinch. Peaks thus created tend to be jagged and have sharp edges, and are difficult to control in size, form and location as these factors depend largely upon the nature of the grit and the direction which the disc moves relative to the pressure pads or rollers.
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • a polishing paper is applied to magnetic discs to form circumferential scratch marks having depths from 0.0002 to 0.1 microns into the nickel-phosphorous alloy layer coated onto an aluminum substrate.
  • a chromium layer and a cobalt nickel magnetic layer are formed on the disc.
  • a nickel-phosphorous layer is deposited onto an aluminum substrate, scratches are formed in the nickel-phosphorous layer, then a cobalt-phosphorous magnetic layer is deposited on the nickel-phosphorous layer.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,326,229 discloses a protective film layer for covering a smooth recording medium layer of a magnetic disc.
  • a solvent is applied in a spin coating process to form a film with radially extending sinusoidal jogs or undulations to increase surface roughness, which is said to reduce head wear.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a process for controlling the texture of a strictly delineated portion of a magnetic disc recording surface while providing a specular finish on the remainder of the recording surface.
  • Another object is to provide a process for controllably forming the surface texture of a magnetic data recording disc through control of the size and spacing between generally circular individual discontinuities providing texture.
  • Yet another object is to provide a magnetic recording disc with designated surface areas for contact with data transducing heads, which designated areas exhibit substantially enhanced friction and wear characteristics.
  • the concentrated energy is provided by a pulsed or timed laser which forms at each location a rounded center depression extending inwardly of a nominal surface plane of the selected surface, and a generally circular and rounded rim surrounding the center depression an extending outwardly of the nominal surface plane.
  • a pulsed or timed laser By rotating the disc at a controlled rate corresponding to the pulsed laser frequency, a ring comprised of a series of depressions and rims is formed, with repeated rings combining to form an annular band.
  • the band is located radially inward of a data reading and recording area of the magnetizable film.
  • the substrate can include a rigid aluminum disc plated or otherwise coated with a layer of a nickel-phosphorous alloy, in which case the laser treated locations preferably are formed in the alloy layer but alternatively can be formed in the aluminum.
  • the laser marks including depressions and rims can be formed in any succeeding layer, e.g. a chromium underlayer, or a cobalt chromium or cobalt nickel magnetic recording layer. When the laser marks are formed in the aluminum or nickel-phosphorous alloy layers, succeeding layers tend to replicate them.
  • Laser surface texturing provides a degree of control previously unavailable in grit cloth or paper texturing.
  • the accuracy of the laser enables a precise delineation of the textured area boundaries.
  • the laser power, pulse length and focusing are variable to control the size and profile of laser spots or marks.
  • the pulse frequency, in conjunction with the rotation or other relative translation of the disc can be controlled to determine the spacing among adjacent marks.
  • the rotund or rounded nature of the laser marks improves the degree of control in the topography of the magnetic recording media, to dramatically improve wear characteristics, in particular as measured by CSS (contact start-stop) testing in conjunction with measuring the coefficient of friction and self-excited head/gimbal vibration energy.
  • the high degree of control of the pulsed laser produced depressions and rims allows the flying height of the transducing head to be reduced, even over the designated treatment area. Restricting the treatment area only to a specific landing zone allows the recording areas to be extremely smooth, thus to allow further reduction in head flying height in the recording areas, resulting in improved recording density.
  • the process can be applied to a flexible magnetic disc, tape or other medium in which the recording surface is generally in contact with the transducing head at all times, and thus the designated treatment area is substantially all of the recording surface.
  • controlled texturing of flexible discs is not considered as critical as it is with rigid discs, the rounded marks nonetheless can provide an overall surface texture with reduced friction and improved head and disc wear characteristics.
  • the controlled, rounded marks can be used to control head/disc spacing while reducing friction and wear.
  • the generally circular depressions and surrounding rims are believed to further reduce frictional wear by acting as areas of collection for debris and any lubricant coated onto the disc.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a rotatable rigid magnetic 30 recording disc and a transducing head supported generally for movement radially of the disc, wherein the disc recording surface includes a designated transducing head contact area formed in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the magnetic disc of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus for controllably texturing the disc in FIG. 1 to provide the head contact area;
  • FIG. 4 is a substantially enlarged perspective view of a laser mark formed in the surface
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the profile of the laser mark
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view similar to that of FIG. 4, showing part of the transducing head contact area
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view similar to that in FIG. 6 showing an alternative surface texture
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a profile of a mechanically textured surface.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are charts illustrating comparative coefficients of friction and self-excited head/gimbal energy, respectively, for surfaces textured in accordance with the present invention as compared to conventionally textured surfaces.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 a data recording medium, namely a rigid magnetic disc 16 rotatable about a vertical axis and having a substantially planar and horizontal upper surface 18.
  • a transducing head support arm 20 is part of a carriage assembly (not shown) supported for linear reciprocation radially of disc 16.
  • a magnetic transducing head or slider 22 is supported by arm 20 through a head suspension 24, for movement relative to the disc along with the arm.
  • Suspension 24 does not support the head rigidly relative to the arm, but rather allows for gimballing action of the head, i.e. limited vertical travel and limited rotation about pitch and roll axes.
  • an opening 26 to accommodate a vertical spindle of a disc drive, not shown, used to rotate the disc.
  • upper surface 18 is divided into three annular sectors: a radially inward sector 30 used principally for clamping the disc with respect to the spindle, a head contact region or area or band 32, and a data storage region or area 34.
  • head 22 Whenever disc 16 is at rest, or rotating but at a speed substantially below its normal operating range, head 22 is in contact with upper surface 18. But when the disc rotates at least near its operating range, an "air bearing" is formed by air flowing between head 22 and upper surface 18 in the direction of disc rotation, which supports the head in parallel, spaced apart relation to the recording surface.
  • the distance between a planar bottom surface 36 of head 22 and recording surface 18, sometimes referred to as the "flying height" of the head is about ten microinches or less.
  • the flying height is low, to position head 22 as close to recording surface 18 as possible. The closer the transducing head, the more data that can be stored on disc 16.
  • arm 20 moves to selectively position head 22 over the recording surface.
  • a rotary arm although moving head 22 in an arcuate path, could be used in lieu of arm 20 to accomplish substantially the same result.
  • the radial position of head 22 is controlled before and after reading and recording operations, as well as during such operations. More particularly, during such operations head 22 while supported on the air bearing is selectively positioned radially across data storage area 34 to either record or retrieve data at a particular location on the disc. After such operations and during deceleration of disc 16, arm 20 is moved radially inward to position head 22 directly over head contact area 32.
  • upper surface 18 of the disc includes designated data storage and head contact areas
  • the surface contours or texture of each area can be formed in accordance with its function.
  • data storage area 34 preferably is polished or otherwise finished to a highly smooth, specular finish, having a surface roughness of at most 0.1 microinch, to permit the desired low flying height for head 22.
  • specular finish is that, as compared to the textured surface, foreign particles are readily observed, which enhances optical inspection of disc 16.
  • Roughness in this context means the height of the highest peaks above a nominal horizontal plane of the surface.
  • head contact area 32 has an a roughness of at least 0.5 microinches.
  • the increased surface roughness of the head contact sector in relation to the remainder of upper surface 18 is achieved by a controlled texturing of the disc during its manufacture.
  • disc 16 is formed of a multiplicity of layers including a substrate, a recording layer and a protective cover layer over the recording layer.
  • disc 16 is formed first by polishing, grinding or otherwise machining an aluminum substrate disc 38 to provide a substantially flat upper surface of the substrate.
  • a nickel-phosphorous (Ni-P) alloy 40 is plated onto the upper surface of the aluminum disc, preferably evenly to provide a substrate layer substantially uniform in thickness, e.g. about 10 microns
  • alloy layer 40 is polished to a roughness of generally less than 0.1 microinch.
  • silicon carbide grit lapping process This normally involves a cloth or paper carrying the grit, and can also involve a liquid slurry containing grit in combination with a cloth or paper if desired. Such processes are known and not further discussed herein.
  • the preferred stage for the texturing operation is immediately after polishing and cleaning alloy layer 40. Texturizing is accomplished with an apparatus illustrated schematically in FIG. 3, including a spindle 42 for supporting disc 16, and a pulsed mode Nd-YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser 44 supported above the disc and generating a pulsed laser beam 46 selectively focused on the upper surface of Ni-P layer 40.
  • Laser 44 is an ESI model 44 laser trimming system available from ESI, Inc. of Portland, Oreg. Laser 44 is fired at a selected frequency onto the disc while spindle 42 is rotated, thereby rotating the disc a well. Shown in a vertical orientation, laser 44 preferably is supported by structure (not shown) which permits a tilting of the laser away from the vertical if desired.
  • the support structure further enables a controlled stepped movement of laser 44 radially of the disc and spindle.
  • the specific apparatus for rotating the spindle and for supporting, orienting and stepping the laser is not shown or discussed in detail as such equipment is known in the art and not directly concerned with the invention. Rather, the invention lies in the manner in which such equipment is used to provide a controlled, strictly delineated head contact area 32.
  • a salient feature of the present invention is the consistent, uniform texture over the entire head contact area.
  • two levels of control are involved: a micro level concerned with individual laser marks or spots, and a macro level concerning the pattern or arrangement of multiple laser spots.
  • the nature of the individual laser spots is controlled primarily by the intensity or peak energy at which laser 44 is fired, and the duration of each firing, i.e. the pulse width.
  • Somewhat secondary added factors include the way in which beam 46 is focused, and the angle of approach.
  • the vertical direction of the beam upon horizontal substrate surface 48 as shown in FIG. 3, i.e. an approach angle of 90 degrees yields substantially circular spots, while an inclined angle, i.e. 45 degrees, would yield somewhat elliptical or oblong spots.
  • the primary control factors include the frequency of repeated firings of laser 44, the speed of disc rotation, and the amount of radial stepping of the laser.
  • One preferred texturing approach is to orient laser 44 vertically as shown in FIG. 3, and to maintain it stationary while rotating disc 16 and firing the laser at a selected frequency, coordinated with the disc rotational velocity to provide a selected distance between consecutive spots. A single rotation of the disc results in a ring of such spots concentric on central opening 26.
  • laser 44 is displaced radially by a desired inter-ring pitch, and with its vertical orientation maintained, fired at the predetermined frequency and phase relative to disc rotation. These steps are repeated until a plurality of concentric rings of laser spots form head contact area 32 as an annular band of a width equal to the pitch times the number of rings.
  • the remaining layers are applied, preferably by vacuum deposition, to complete disc 16. More particularly, a layer of chrome at a thickness of about 1,000 angstroms is sputter deposited onto the upper surface of the nickel-phosphorous alloy, to provide an underlayer 50 for the recording layer.
  • a recording layer 52 which can be a cobalt nickel alloy, a cobalt chromium alloy or the like, is sputtered onto the chromium layer to a thickness of about 500 to 700 angstroms.
  • a protective layer 54 for example carbon, is deposited onto the recording layer at a thickness of about 300 angstroms.
  • a typical spot formed by laser 44 when vertically oriented is shown in FIG. 4 and represented in profile in FIG. 5 as a single laser crater or spot 56.
  • Crater 56 is a combination of two departures from a specular surface plane 58 (FIG. 5) which can be considered the nominal plane of substrate surface 48, in this case the upper surface of nickel-phosphorous alloy layer 40.
  • the first of these is a center depression or pit 60, with the other being a substantially circular rim or ridge 62 surrounding the pit.
  • the diameter of spot 56 which is equivalent to the diameter of rim 62 and represented as D in FIG. 5, usually is in the range of 0.1 to 4.0 mils.
  • the process parameters mentioned above can be varied to influence dimensions D, d and h.
  • the rim height h is considered the most critical, and varies with peak power over a preferred range from about 0.1 kilowatts to about 5 kilowatts.
  • the optimum peak power can of course vary with the particular laser employed, as well as the nature of the surface being textured.
  • nickel- phosphorous layer 40 it has been found advantageous to operate toward the low end of the 0.1-5 kilowatt range, just above a point at which melting occurs.
  • Depth d of pit 60 while not as critical as the height h of rim 62, nonetheless serves a useful purpose, namely the entrapment and collection of media fragments, head fragments or other debris generated due to head/disc contact. Further, in connection with fluorocarbon lubricant coatings with tendencies toward liquid behavior, the center depressions retain the lubricant coating when the disc is stopped. However, it is believed that as the disc begins spinning, the lubricant tends to travel upwardly out of the depressions and cover the rims, thus reducing dynamic friction in the head contact area.
  • Another useful feature of the invention is the rounded nature of the contours forming the pit and rim, with the rounded rims in particular contributing to substantially enhanced friction and wear characteristics over the long term.
  • the rounded contours are believed to result from the flow of material due to surface tension forces while the material is cooling, while returning to the solid from the liquid state.
  • the alloy soon cools and solidifies, but not before material is drawn outwardly away from the spot center to form the center depression as well as the surrounding rim, apparently due to surface tension.
  • the rounded contours are substantially and measurably more resistent to wear from contact with the transducing head.
  • a desired result of parameters chosen within these ranges is the enlarged portion of head contact area 32, illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the spacing between adjacent spots in the radial direction (pitch), and the circumferential spacing between adjacent spots, are approximately equal to and can even be less than the average spot diameter of about 1 mil.
  • the result is a substantially uniform, continuous texture comprised almost entirely of center depressions and raised rims about the depressions.
  • the following examples are of approaches within the prescribed texturing parameter ranges.
  • An aluminum rigid disc having a diameter of 8 inches and a thickness of 0.075 inches, was plated with a nickel-phosphorous alloy to a thickness of about 400 microinches.
  • the laser was operated in the fundamental mode (designated TEM 00 ) and a current of 16.5 milliamperes was applied to the laser, to generate peak power of 0.2 kilowatts.
  • the Q switching rate of the laser was maintained at 12 kilohertz, with a pulse duration of about 100 nanoseconds, while the disc was rotated at a rate of 25 rpm. The result was a circumferential ring in which adjacent laser spots nearly touched one another, spaced apart by a distance approximately equal to the average spot diameter.
  • laser 44 was stepped or translated radially of the disc by a pitch of 0.8 mils. 200 concentric rings were formed, creating an annular head sector or band with a width, in the radial direction, of 160 mils. Individual spots in the band were observed using a WYKO-3D surface profilometer (phase shifting interferometer), available from WYKO corporation of Arlington, Arizona. The typical and predominant laser spot had a ridge extended from about 0. 5 to 0. 8 microinches above the nominal surface, and a center depression with a depth of about 1.0 to 2.0 microinches below the nominal surface plane. The average spot diameter was 0.8 mils.
  • a nickel-phosphorous alloy was plated onto an aluminum disc as in Example 1, and textured as in Example 1 except that at laser 44 was powered by a current of 17.5 milliamperes.
  • the resulting spots had ridges from about 1.0 to 2.0 microinches above the nominal surface, with depressions of about 4.0-5.0 microinches below the nominal surface, with an inter-track pitch of 0.8 mils.
  • a nickel phosphorous layer was plated onto an aluminum disc and textured as in Example 1, except that laser 44 was powered by a current at 17.5 milliamperes, and the inter-track pitch was 1.0 mil.
  • the spot structure was similar to that in Example 2.
  • a nickel phosphorous layer was plated onto an aluminum rigid disc and textured as in Example 1, except that the interring pitch was reduced to 0.5 mils and the total width of the area was 150 mils. Adjacent spots touched one another, with typical spots having ridges raised about 0.6 microinches and center depression depths of about 1.2 microinches.
  • the laser beam may be directed onto disc 16 at an inclined angle, e.g. 45 degrees from the horizontal.
  • the result is an elongation of each spot into an elliptical or oval shape.
  • the beam is tilted yet maintained in a vertical plane containing the disc radius, and when the disc rotational speed and firing frequency are matched to provide a circumferential distance between spots approximating the spot diameter, the result is a circumferential ring of adjacent, elongated spots 64 as illustrated on a substrate 66 in FIG. 7.
  • control parameters can be varied to provide alternatives to the previously discussed patterns, e.g. varying the inter-ring pitch so that it increases in the radially outward direction, staggering adjacent rings so that spots in each ring correspond to regions between spots in its next adjacent rings, random arrangement of spots, and arrangements in which the laser peak power or spot frequency is progressively decreased for radially outward rings in order to progressively decrease roughness in the radially outward direction in the head contact band.
  • FIG. 8 shows a substrate 63 with a mechanically textured substrate surface.
  • the substrate surface can be textured to a selected roughness to provide a head contact sector dedicated to contact with the transducing head.
  • FIG. 8 reveals that the surface of substrate 63 has an acicular topography characteristic of mechanical texturing.
  • the textured surface includes peaks 65 and indentations or valleys 67, irregular in height and depth and characterized by steep slopes and pointed edges or ends.
  • the pointed edges are areas of stress concentration due to the cutting action of the grit. Consequently, the tips of the highest peaks are susceptible to being broken away when contacted by a transducing head moving relative to the substrate. As indicated in the figure, an upper tip 69 of one of the peaks has been broken away to leave a more planar though not necessarily horizontal upper surface 71.
  • the multiplicity of generally flat surfaces like 71 increases the overall area of surface contact with the transducing head, increasing the stiction and friction problems (commonly referred to as friction build-up).
  • the multiple broken away tips tend to adhere to the transducing head as they break away, build-up in valleys 67 and expose the magnetic layer in peak regions for possible corrosion sites, or remain free as particulate contaminate, in any case reducing the reliability of the recording system.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 represent comparisons of mechanically textured discs with discs textured by a laser in accordance with the present invention. More particularly, mechanically textured discs and laser textured discs were compared both initially and at various stages of contact start-stop testing. All discs were provided with a 300 angstroms thick protective layer of sputtered carbon. In connection with these figures, it should be noted that actual test results would appear as a series of vertical bars indicating ranges. The line in each Figure represent a series of midpoints of such vertical bars.
  • FIG. 10 also illustrates a comparison of mechanically textured and laser textured discs over numerous contact start-stop cycles, in this case comparing the envelope of self-excited head gimbal arm vibration.
  • the self-excited head/gimbal arm vibration energy is defined as the energy spent at the head/disc interface from the time the head overcomes the stiction force to free flying during the start-stop testing. It is measured by integrating the strain experienced by the head arm, measured here by a capacitance probe, over the aforementioned time period. This value, measured as the transducing head takes off from the head contact area when the disc is being accelerated from stop, predicts future wear to the head and head contact region of the disc.
  • the principal difference is that a flexible disc or tape remains in contact with the transducing head at all times, and thus substantially the entire surface of such disc, rather than a limited head contact band, is textured.
  • media textured in accordance with the present invention is flexible or rigid, a substantial and surprising increase in durability is achieved, measurable principally in its ability to maintain a relatively low coefficient of friction even after numerous contact start-stop cycles, e.g. 10,000 or more. It is believed that the smooth, rounded contours of the surface discontinuities are a major contributing factor to increased durability. A further factor is the improved control of the texturing process, yielding a high degree of uniformity in surface roughness throughout the specially textured surface.
  • the laser is a preferred device for the controlled texturing, but other alternatives, for example photolithography, plating or etching to achieve smooth and rounded contours, may be employed to texture surface areas in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention affords the added advantage of providing a surface area dedicated to contact with the transducing head during accelerations, decelerations and with the disc at rest. Substantially all of the remaining disc surface area can have a specular finish ideally suited for reading and recording data.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
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US07/491,586 1990-03-12 1990-03-12 Selectively textured magnetic recording media Expired - Lifetime US5062021A (en)

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US07/491,586 US5062021A (en) 1990-03-12 1990-03-12 Selectively textured magnetic recording media
JP2336997A JPH03272018A (ja) 1990-03-12 1990-11-30 選択的に組織化された磁気記録媒体およびその製造方法
DE69122980T DE69122980T2 (de) 1990-03-12 1991-01-28 Magnetischer Aufzeichnungsträger und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
SG1996004123A SG49693A1 (en) 1990-03-12 1991-01-28 Magnetic recording media and processes for manufacture thereof
EP91300614A EP0447025B1 (fr) 1990-03-12 1991-01-28 Milieu d'enregistrement magnétique et procédé pour fabriquer celui-ci
US07/675,334 US5108781A (en) 1990-03-12 1991-03-26 Process for manufacturing selectively textured magnetic recording media

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DE69122980T2 (de) 1997-03-06
JPH03272018A (ja) 1991-12-03
SG49693A1 (en) 1998-06-15
EP0447025B1 (fr) 1996-11-06
EP0447025A1 (fr) 1991-09-18
DE69122980D1 (de) 1996-12-12

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