US5773754A - Gas generating agent with trihydrazino triazine fuel - Google Patents

Gas generating agent with trihydrazino triazine fuel Download PDF

Info

Publication number: US5773754A
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: composition; gas generating; metal; generating agent; recited
Prior art date: 1996-06-03
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Fee Related

Application number

US08/867,740

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Yo Yamato

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Daicel Corp

Original Assignee

Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1996-06-03

Filing date

1997-06-03

Publication date

1998-06-30

1997-06-03 Application filed by Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd

1997-09-03 Assigned to DAICEL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment DAICEL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YAMATO, YO

1998-06-30 Application granted granted Critical

1998-06-30 Publication of US5773754A publication Critical patent/US5773754A/en

2017-06-03 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
CZGWDPMDAIPURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,6-dihydrazinyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=NC(NN)=NC(NN)=N1 CZGWDPMDAIPURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical group [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 8
229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical group [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 12
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 6
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 6
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 6
GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
229940005991 chloric acid Drugs 0.000 claims 3
229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 61
230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 5
230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
-1 nitrogen-containing organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
XEVRDFDBXJMZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl dihydrazine Chemical compound NNC(=O)NN XEVRDFDBXJMZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 3
235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;1,2,3-triaminoguanidine Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NNC(NN)=NN UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 3
ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
ULUZGMIUTMRARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (carbamoylamino)urea Chemical compound NC(=O)NNC(N)=O ULUZGMIUTMRARO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KPTSBKIDIWXFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-triaminoguanidine Chemical compound NN=C(N)N(N)N KPTSBKIDIWXFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 1
229910016264 Bi2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
229910020967 Co2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910021274 Co3 O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910018864 CoMoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910018274 Cu2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910017344 Fe2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910017368 Fe3 O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910016491 Mn2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910016764 Mn3 O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 description 1
KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium chlorate Chemical compound N.OCl(=O)=O KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium nitrite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]N=O CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
ISFLYIRWQDJPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chlorate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O ISFLYIRWQDJPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
OOULUYZFLXDWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium perchlorate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O OOULUYZFLXDWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
NNNSKJSUQWKSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dichlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O NNNSKJSUQWKSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
AAJBNRZDTJPMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dinitrite Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O AAJBNRZDTJPMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 1
229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
HOWFTCIROIVKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium;dinitrite Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O HOWFTCIROIVKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1

Images

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

the present invention relates to a gas generating agent which is a working medium in an air bag system for protection of the human body to be mounted on an automobile, an aircraft and the like.
Sodium azide is known as a gas generating agent which is currently used in an air bag system.
a composition of a gas-generating agent which is formed upon using sodium azide is not particularly problematic with respect to the burning characteristics, and has been widely used.
sodium azide involves substantially undesirable defects. For example, a fear of explosive decomposition, formation of explosive compounds by reaction with a heavy metal, an environmental pollution which might occur in discharging a large amount of this compound, and the like have been indicated in a large number of patents in the field concerned.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 57,629/1994 describes a gas generating agent containing a transition metal complex of tetrazole or triazole.
Japanese Laid-Open (Kokai) No. 254,977/1993 describes a gas generating agent containing triaminoguanidine sulfate, Japanese Laid-Open (Kokai) No. 239,683/1994 a gas generating agent containing carbohydrazide, and Japanese Laid-Open (Kokai) No.
a gas generating agent comprising a nitrogen-containing nonmetallic compound composed of cellulose acetate and nitroguanidine respectively.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,125,684 indicates the use of nitroguanidine as an energy substance which is co-existent with from 15 to 30% of a cellulose binder.
the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing organic compounds have generally a higher heat value and a higher burning temperature than an azide compound when using an oxidizing agent in an amount sufficient to generate oxygen required for burning carbon, hydrogen and other elements of the molecules of these compounds.
An inflator system for an air bag has to have not only characteristics as a gas generating agent but also such a size that the system itself does not interrupt ordinary operation of an automobile.
many sodium azide-free gas generating agents involve problems which hinder minimization of a gas generator, namely, a high burning temperature, a high heat value, formation of burnt residues which can hardly be separated through filtration using a filter or a coolant, and the like.
a gas generator is designed using a gas generating agent which has characteristics such as a high heat value, a high burning temperature and formation of burnt residues which can hardly be filtered, additional units for removal of heat are required, making it impossible to minimize the gas generator itself.
a gas generating agent in order to minimize the gas generator, a gas generating agent has to have an appropriate balance of a gas generation efficiency, a heat value, a burning temperature, a filtrability of burned residues, a burning rate, safety, density, appropriate composition of a burnt gas, and the like. Accordingly, the application of the above-mentioned gas generating agent to an air bag system is said to be still unsatisfactory.
the present inventors have assiduously conducted investigations to solve the above-mentioned problems, and have consequently found that excellent characteristics as a gas generating agent for an air bag are provided by a combination of trihydrazinotriazine and an oxidizing agent. This finding has led to the completion of the present invention.
FIG. 1 This Figure shows an inflation system containing therein a composition of a gas generating agent of the invention in the optional form (406) of a hollow cylinderical pellet.
the present invention provides a composition of a gas generating agent for an air bag, the composition being composed mainly of trihydrazinotriazine as a fuel, and an oxyacid salt, a metal oxide, a metal dioxide or a mixture thereof as an oxidizing agent.
Trihydrazinotriazine is also called triaminomelamine, and sometimes abbreviated as THT.
THT triaminomelamine
the content of the fuel in the composition of the gas generating agent varies depending on the type of the oxidizing agent and the oxygen balance. It is preferably between 10 and 60% by weight, more preferably between 20 and 40% by weight.
the content of trihydrazinotriazine in the fuel is at least between 25 and 100% by weight, preferably between 50 and 100% by weight. Trihydrazinotriazine is an essential component as a part of the fuel.
other nitrogen-containing compound fuels can be co-existent for adjusting a gas generation efficiency, a heat value, a burning temperature, a burning rate, safety, density, composition of a burnt gas, and the like.
Examples thereof include tetrazole derivatives such as 5-aminotetrazole, ditetrazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, dicyanediamide, azodicarbonamide, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, oxamide, ammonium oxalate, and hydrazocarbonamide.
tetrazole derivatives such as 5-aminotetrazole, ditetrazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, dicyanediamide, azodicarbonamide, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, oxamide, ammonium oxalate, and hydrazocarbonamide.
a variety of compounds can be used as the oxidizing agent.
examples thereof include an oxyacid salt composed of a cation selected from ammonium, an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal and a hydrogen-free anion.
examples thereof include nitrates of ammonium, an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal, such as ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and strontium nitrate; nitrites of ammonium, an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal, such as ammonium nitrite, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, magnesium nitrite and strontium nitrite; chlorates of ammonium, an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal, such as ammonium chlorate, sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, magnesium chlorate and barium chlorate; and perchlorates of ammonium, an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal, such as ammoni
the above-mentioned compounds may be used in any combination as an oxidizing agent.
the content of the oxidizing agent in the gas generating agent is preferably between 40 and 90% by weight, more preferably between 50 and 80% by weight.
the gas generating agent may contain a binder.
the binder include organic binders such as carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, microcrystalline cellulose and calcium stearate; and inorganic binders such as molybdenum disulfide, acid clay, talc, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, calcium stearate, silica and alumina.
the content of the binder in the gas generating agent is between 0 and 15% by weight.
composition of the gas generating agent in the present invention is characterized in that trihydrazinotriazine is contained as an essential fuel component.
Various characteristics can be provided by a combination of fuels, a combination with an oxidizing agent and a combination with a binder.
a combination of trihydrazinotriazine and strontium nitrate is quite excellent.
a combination of trihydrazinotriazine and potassium nitrate is quite excellent.
a combination of trihydrazinotriazine and copper oxide is quite excellent.
the gas generating agent of the present invention can be obtained preferably by mixing the components in the form of a powder, and the mixing can be conducted by a wet method in the presence of water or the like as required.
the gas generating agent can be molded into an appropriate form of granules, pellets, discs or the like.
This extrusion molding method is suitable for mass production of a gas generating agent. Therefore, it is effective also in a composition having a high burning rate.
a mono-porous form or a non-porous form by the extrusion-molding can be selected depending on a burning rate.
the present invention provides for an inflator system for air bags produced by using the above-mentioned composition of the gas generating agent.
An exemplary inflator system for air bags is shown in FIG. 1, wherein a composition of the instant invention is provided as a gas propellant in the form of a cylindrical hollow pellet (406); however, such a propellant shape is not critical to the use of the instant compositions in an air bag inflator system, or otherwise limiting to the instant discovery.
Exemplary air bag inflator systems that can utilize the compositions of the instant invention as gas generants (propellants) therein, include those disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 08/829,314 filed on Mar. 31, 1997, by Naboyuki Katsuta, et al., the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
the gas generating agent of the present invention is especially useful as a gas generating agent for an air bag system for protection of the human body, which system is mounted on an automobile, an aircraft and the like.
Trihydrazinotriazine contained in the gas generating agent of the present invention exhibits a long-term stability required for an air bag system, a high safety and excellent burning characteristics.
the present invention is illustrated more specifically by referring to the following Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
Theoretical burning temperatures of a gas generating agent containing trihydrazinotriazine are shown in Examples 1 to 7 in Table 1. Further, a theoretical burning temperature of a gas generating agent containing a transition metal complex of 5-aminotetrazole (5-AT) indicated in Japanese Patent Publication No. 57,629/1994 is shown in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, that of a gas generating agent containing triaminoguanidine nitrate indicated in Japanese Laid-Open (Kokai) No. 254,977/1993 in Comparative Example 3, that of a gas generating agent containing carbohydrazide indicated in Japanese Laid-Open (Kokai) No.
5-AT 5-aminotetrazole
the burning rate was measured at a pressure of 70 kgf/cm 2 .
the gas generating agent of the present invention has a large number of preferable characteristics as compared with the conventional gas generating agents, making it possible to minimize a gas generating agent and apply it to an air bag system.

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Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
Air Bags (AREA)
Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

US08/867,740 1996-06-03 1997-06-03 Gas generating agent with trihydrazino triazine fuel Expired - Fee Related US5773754A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
JP8-139964		1996-06-03
JP8139964A JPH09328387A (ja)	1996-06-03	1996-06-03	ガス発生剤組成物

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US5773754A true US5773754A (en)	1998-06-30

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ID=15257776

Family Applications (1)

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US08/867,740 Expired - Fee Related US5773754A (en)	1996-06-03	1997-06-03	Gas generating agent with trihydrazino triazine fuel

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US (1)	US5773754A (id)
EP (1)	EP0811589A1 (id)
JP (1)	JPH09328387A (id)
KR (1)	KR980001981A (id)
ID (1)	ID19470A (id)
TW (1)	TW426648B (id)

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US6004411A (en) *	1997-12-29	1999-12-21	Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg	Azide-free gas-producing composition
WO2000006427A1 (en) *	1998-07-25	2000-02-10	Breed Automotive Technology, Inc.	Inflator for use with gas generant compositions containing guanidines
US6024811A (en) *	1997-12-22	2000-02-15	Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs	Pyrotechnic composition generating clean gases with low levels of nitrogen oxides, and pellets of such a composition
US6073962A (en) *	1994-12-28	2000-06-13	Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Gas generant
US6123790A (en) *	1998-12-23	2000-09-26	Atlantic Research Corporation	Nonazide ammonium nitrate based gas generant compositions that burn at ambient pressure
US6129381A (en) *	1997-08-12	2000-10-10	Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Gas Generator for air bag and air bag system
US6143102A (en) *	1999-05-06	2000-11-07	Autoliv Asp, Inc.	Burn rate-enhanced basic copper nitrate-containing gas generant compositions and methods
US6177028B1 (en) *	1995-12-01	2001-01-23	Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki-Kaisha	Spontaneous firing explosive composition for use in a gas generator for an airbag
WO2001056953A1 (en) *	2000-02-04	2001-08-09	Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Gas-generating agent composition comprising triazine derivative
US6283505B1 (en) *	1996-11-14	2001-09-04	Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki-Kaisha	Gas generator for air bag
US6302979B1 (en) *	1994-12-21	2001-10-16	Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Gas generant composition
US6328337B1 (en) *	1997-08-12	2001-12-11	Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Air bag gas generator and air bag system
US6328830B1 (en)	1998-08-07	2001-12-11	James C. Wood	Metal oxide-free 5-aminotetrazole-based gas generating composition
US6361630B2 (en)	1999-08-17	2002-03-26	Trw Inc.	Cool burning gas generating composition
US6431597B1 (en) *	2000-05-26	2002-08-13	Trw Inc.	Reduced smoke gas generant with improved mechanical stability
US6588797B1 (en) *	1999-04-15	2003-07-08	Trw Inc.	Reduced smoke gas generant with improved temperature stability
US20050109230A1 (en) *	2003-09-19	2005-05-26	Falquete Marco A.	Process for the production of a thermal shock tube, and the product thereof
US20050189052A1 (en) *	1998-12-02	2005-09-01	Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg	Azide-free, gas-generating composition
US20080110536A1 (en) *	2006-05-05	2008-05-15	Ganta Sudhakar R	Gas generant compositions
US20080154044A1 (en) *	2006-05-05	2008-06-26	Ganta Sudhakar R	Gas generant compositions
WO2008060366A3 (en) *	2006-09-30	2008-10-16	Tk Holdings Inc	Gas generant compositions
US7648163B2 (en) *	2004-08-10	2010-01-19	Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Gas generator for air bag
WO2016049724A1 (pt) *	2014-10-03	2016-04-07	Pari Sa	Tubo condutor de fagulha termica com uso de particulas nanometricas

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CN113087582A (zh) *	2021-03-31	2021-07-09	陕西庆华汽车安全系统有限公司	一种含有硝基胍的安全气囊用产气药的生产方法

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US20020023699A1 (en) *	1994-12-21	2002-02-28	Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Gas generant composition
US6073962A (en) *	1994-12-28	2000-06-13	Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Gas generant
US6177028B1 (en) *	1995-12-01	2001-01-23	Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki-Kaisha	Spontaneous firing explosive composition for use in a gas generator for an airbag
US6431598B2 (en) *	1996-11-14	2002-08-13	Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki-Kaisha	Gas generator for airbag
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US6328337B1 (en) *	1997-08-12	2001-12-11	Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Air bag gas generator and air bag system
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US6123359A (en) *	1998-07-25	2000-09-26	Breed Automotive Technology, Inc.	Inflator for use with gas generant compositions containing guanidines
WO2000006427A1 (en) *	1998-07-25	2000-02-10	Breed Automotive Technology, Inc.	Inflator for use with gas generant compositions containing guanidines
US6328830B1 (en)	1998-08-07	2001-12-11	James C. Wood	Metal oxide-free 5-aminotetrazole-based gas generating composition
US20050189052A1 (en) *	1998-12-02	2005-09-01	Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg	Azide-free, gas-generating composition
US6123790A (en) *	1998-12-23	2000-09-26	Atlantic Research Corporation	Nonazide ammonium nitrate based gas generant compositions that burn at ambient pressure
US6588797B1 (en) *	1999-04-15	2003-07-08	Trw Inc.	Reduced smoke gas generant with improved temperature stability
US6143102A (en) *	1999-05-06	2000-11-07	Autoliv Asp, Inc.	Burn rate-enhanced basic copper nitrate-containing gas generant compositions and methods
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Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP0811589A1 (en)	1997-12-10
TW426648B (en)	2001-03-21
ID19470A (id)	1998-07-16
KR980001981A (ko)	1998-03-30
JPH09328387A (ja)	1997-12-22

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1997-09-03	AS	Assignment	Owner name: DAICEL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:YAMATO, YO;REEL/FRAME:008716/0995 Effective date: 19970714
1997-11-01	FEPP	Fee payment procedure	Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY
2001-12-06	FPAY	Fee payment	Year of fee payment: 4
2006-01-18	REMI	Maintenance fee reminder mailed
2006-06-30	LAPS	Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
2006-08-02	STCH	Information on status: patent discontinuation	Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362
2006-08-29	FP	Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee	Effective date: 20060630

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US5773754A (en)	1998-06-30	Gas generating agent with trihydrazino triazine fuel
EP0992473B1 (en)	2004-06-30	Gas generant for air bag
US5670740A (en)	1997-09-23	Heterogeneous gas generant charges
US6077371A (en)	2000-06-20	Gas generants comprising transition metal nitrite complexes
US5482579A (en)	1996-01-09	Gas generator compositions
US5542999A (en)	1996-08-06	Gas-generating mixture
US5467715A (en)	1995-11-21	Gas generant compositions
US20090211671A1 (en)	2009-08-27	Gas generating composition
KR100838192B1 (ko)	2008-06-16	트리아진 유도체를 포함하는 가스 발생제 조성물
US20100078098A1 (en)	2010-04-01	Gas generating composition for inflator containing melamine cyanurate
EP0880485A2 (en)	1998-12-02	Nonazide gas generating compositions
HUT76867A (en)	1997-12-29	Gas developing agent
EP1241153A1 (en)	2002-09-18	Gas-generating agent composition
KR100373587B1 (ko)	2003-04-21	가스발생제조성물
EP1415963A1 (en)	2004-05-06	Gas generating composition
US20040154712A1 (en)	2004-08-12	Gas generating composition
KR20010031728A (ko)	2001-04-16	가스발생제 조성물
EP0968986A1 (en)	2000-01-05	Semicarbazide-metal complexes and gas generating agent for air bags
JP3953187B2 (ja)	2007-08-08	ガス発生剤組成物
US6497774B2 (en)	2002-12-24	Gas generant for air bag
US20040154710A1 (en)	2004-08-12	Gas generating composition
KR100456410B1 (ko)	2005-04-14	에어백용가스발생제
JPH11278977A (ja)	1999-10-12	ガス発生剤組成物
JP2001226189A (ja)	2001-08-21	ガス発生剤組成物
WO2000029355A1 (fr)	2000-05-25	Composition generatrice de gaz