US5934087A - Refrigerating apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigerating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US5934087A
US5934087A US08/921,835 US92183597A US5934087A US 5934087 A US5934087 A US 5934087A US 92183597 A US92183597 A US 92183597A US 5934087 A US5934087 A US 5934087A
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United States
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
temperature
evaporator
hfc
heat exchanger
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/921,835
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English (en)
Inventor
Yasushi Watanabe
Toru Yasuda
Hisao Wakabayasl
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Assigned to MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. reassignment MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WAKABAYASHI, HISAO, WATANABE, YASUSHI, YASUDA, TORU
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
    • F25B2700/21172—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the inlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigerating apparatus using a refrigerant and a heat pump type refrigerating apparatus, and more particularly to a refrigeration system control apparatus for detecting a refrigerant leak.
  • CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
  • HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbons
  • HFCs hydrofluorocarbons
  • R22 a mixed refrigerant of HFC-32 and HFC-125 is a most promising candidate as a substitute refrigerant for HCFC-22 (hereinafter called R22).
  • FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing effects of ratio of charging refrigerant of R22 or R410A on the temperature of compressor coil in a conventional refrigerating apparatus.
  • the ratio of charging refrigerant refers to the ratio of the actual refrigerant amount to the specified refrigerant amount of the refrigerating machine.
  • FIG. 8 when the refrigerating machine or air-conditioner using conventional R22 runs short of refrigerant, along with elevation of compression ratio, the discharge temperature hikes, and the circulation of the refrigerant drops. As a result, the cooling effect declines, and the temperature of the compressor coil elevates.
  • the shaded area in the diagram refers to an example of compressor stopping point by a compressor overload protective device of a small-sized room air-conditioner mounting a constant speed compressor.
  • the compressor stops when the ratio of charging refrigerant is about 70% in the refrigerating apparatus using R22, that is, when a refrigerant leak of about 30% occurs. (it must be noted, however, this ratio varies somewhat depending on the type of the overload protective device and air-conditioning load.) Therefore, in a refrigerating apparatus using R22, when a refrigerant leak occurs, the compressor overload protective device is actuated by elevation of discharge temperature. It was therefore possible to detect a refrigerant leak early indirectly.
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of a heat exchanger in a prior art.
  • a heat exchanger 80 there are plural fins 6 between side boards 7, and a heat transfer conduit 5 and U-pipes 32 to 40 penetrate through the fins 6.
  • Refrigerant enters from an inlet 31, and is discharged from an outlet 41.
  • a second temperature detector 21 for detecting the refrigerant temperature in the heat exchanger is provided in a middle part of the heat exchanger.
  • This method is, however, constituted to detect the refrigerant temperature in the refrigeration system at specific time intervals, and judge the refrigerant leak by the changing amount of the superheat, and accordingly, same as in the method of detecting the differential temperature at the refrigerant inlet and outlet, capacity drop of evaporator due to refrigerant shortage cannot be detected precisely.
  • the changing amount of the refrigerant temperature in the refrigeration system is always stored in order to judge refrigerant leak, the operation is complicated.
  • the refrigerating apparatus of the invention comprises a refrigeration system using a hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant, including a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion device, and a condenser, being sequentially coupled together annularly through a conduit, a first temperature detector for detecting the air temperature at the suction port of the evaporator, a second temperature detector for detecting the refrigerant temperature at an intermediate part of the evaporator, and a differential temperature detector for calculating the differential pressure of the air temperature and refrigerant temperature which are output values from the first temperature detector and second temperature detector, so that a refrigerant leak is judged from the differential temperature.
  • a hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant including a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion device, and a condenser, being sequentially coupled together annularly through a conduit, a first temperature detector for detecting the air temperature at the suction port of the evaporator, a second temperature detector for detecting the refrigerant temperature at an intermediate part
  • this constitution further comprises a running time detector for storing the cumulative running time of the compressor, so that a refrigerant leak is judged from the differential temperature and the cumulative running time.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a constitution of a refrigeration control apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an evaporator temperature distribution characteristic diagram in the event of leakage of R410A refrigerant in a refrigeration control apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of ratio of charging refrigerant and differential temperature of evaporator (suction air--refrigerant) in a refrigeration control apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart relating to refrigerant leak detection in a refrigeration control apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a section from the side of an evaporator showing the position for detecting the refrigerant temperature of the evaporator in a refrigeration control apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a constitution of a refrigeration control apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram of ratio of charging refrigerant and first heat exchanger differential temperature
  • FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing effects of ratio charging refrigerant on the compressor coil temperature and refrigerant quantity in a conventional refrigerating apparatus.
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a section from the side the evaporator showing the position for detecting the refrigerant temperature of the evaporator in a prior art.
  • FIG. 1 shows a constitution of a refrigeration system control apparatus in a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the refrigerating apparatus comprises a refrigeration system and a control apparatus.
  • the refrigeration system is composed of a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an expansion device 3, and an evaporator 4, coupled together through a conduit.
  • Heat exchangers such as the condenser 2 and evaporator 4 exchange heat with air through a fan for condenser 2a and a fan for evaporator 4a.
  • a first temperature detector 20 for detecting the suction temperature of the evaporator and a second temperature detector 21 for detecting the refrigerant temperature at the middle part of the evaporator are provided, and are coupled to a microcomputer 10.
  • the microcomputer incorporates a differential temperature detector 11 for detecting the differential temperature of air temperature and refrigerant temperature, a running time detector 12 for storing the cumulative running time of the compressor, and means for deciding the leak of refrigerant 13 for judging refrigerant leak by comparing the differential temperature detector 11 and running time detector 12.
  • a display apparatus 14 and a running apparatus 15 are also connected to the microcomputer 10.
  • the refrigeration system is packed with R410A. Thus, the refrigeration system control apparatus is constituted.
  • FIG. 2 When a refrigerant leaks, using R410A, the relation between the detecting position and refrigerant temperature of the evaporator is shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 A characteristic diagram showing the relation between the ratio of charging refrigerant and evaporator is given in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 A flowchart for detection of refrigerant leak is shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 2 when the refrigerant amount decreases, it is known that the refrigerant temperature Tem at the middle part of the evaporator (position 36) detected by the second temperature detector 21 becomes gradually closer to the evaporator suction air temperature Tai detected by the first temperature detector 20.
  • the compressor is not stopped, or an inverter compressor is operated continuously at a rated rotating speed, and considering from such relation, the cumulative running time t of the compressor is detected by the running time detector 12 for storing the running state of the compressor, and when the cumulative time t exceeds a specific value, it may be judged that the refrigerating capacity is lowered due to refrigerant leak or refrigerant shortage. Therefore, as shown in the flowchart in FIG.
  • the position for detecting the temperature by the second temperature detector 21 is described below while referring to the drawing.
  • a lateral view of a multi-row and multi-stage compressor of one row or more (herein 2 rows and 10 stages) is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the heat exchanger 4 there are plural fins 6 between side boards 7, and a heat transfer conduit 5 and U-pipes 32 to 40 penetrate through the fins 6.
  • a refrigerant is fed through an inlet 31, and is discharged through an outlet 41.
  • the position for installing the second temperature detector 21 for detecting the refrigerant temperature of the evaporator should exclude the inlet and outlet of refrigerant conduit of evaporator 31, 41 of the evaporator 4, and the refrigerant conduit close to the inlet and outlet of the evaporator.
  • the position for installing the second temperature detector is limited by the constitution of the evaporator or air-conditioner, it may not be installed at the U-pipe 36 at the middle part of the evaporator.
  • the detecting position is reviewed herein. As shown in FIG. 2, as the evaporator inlet pressure drops due to refrigerant leak, the refrigerant temperature in the U-pipe 32 close to the inlet of refrigerant conduit of evaporator 31 and conduit inlet is lowered, whereas the U-pipe 40 near the outlet of refrigerant conduit of evaporator 41 and conduit outlet is lowered in the refrigerant temperature because overheat is likely to cool down.
  • the refrigerant temperature in other refrigerant conduits is not influenced by decline of temperature at inlet and outlet of evaporator, so that the refrigerant temperature at the middle part of the evaporator can be detected. Therefore, by installing the second temperature detector 21 at other positions than the inlet and outlet of refrigerant conduit and the refrigerant conduit close to the inlet and outlet of evaporator, drop of refrigerating capacity due to refrigerant leak can be detected.
  • first temperature detector and second temperature detector for example, various temperature sensors, elements, devices, and thermistors can be used.
  • FIG. 6 A constitution of the refrigerating apparatus in the second embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 6.
  • This embodiment shows a heat pump type refrigerating apparatus as an example of refrigerating apparatus.
  • the refrigerating apparatus comprises a heat pump type refrigeration system and a control apparatus.
  • the heat pump type refrigeration system is composed of a compressor 1, a reversing valve 51, a first heat exchanger 54, an expansion device 3, and a second heat exchanger 52, being coupled together through a conduit.
  • Heat exchangers such as the second heat exchanger 52 and first heat exchanger 54 exchange heat with air through a fan for second heat exchanger 52a and a fan for first heat exchanger 54a.
  • a first temperature detector 60 for detecting the suction temperature of the first heat exchanger and a second temperature detector 61 for detecting the refrigerant temperature at the middle part of the first heat exchanger are provided, and are coupled to a microcomputer 10.
  • the microcomputer 10 incorporates a differential temperature detector 11 for detecting the differential temperature of air temperature and refrigerant temperature, a running time detector 12 for storing the cumulative running time of the compressor, and means for deciding the leak of refrigerant 13 for judging refrigerant leak by comparing the differential temperature detector 11 and running time detector 12.
  • a display apparatus 64 and a running apparatus 65 are also connected to the microcomputer 10.
  • the refrigeration system is packed with R410A.
  • the heat pump type refrigerating apparatus is constituted.
  • cooling operation that is, when the first heat exchanger 54 is used as evaporator
  • heating operation that is, when the first heat exchanger is used as condenser
  • the differential temperature of the first heat exchanger refrigerant temperature Tcm and first heat exchanger suction air temperature Tai, ⁇ T ( Tcm-Tai)
  • the refrigerant quantity that is, the first heat exchanger capacity decreases as the refrigerant amount decreases as shown in FIG. 7. Therefore, when the differential temperature ⁇ T becomes lower than a specific value, it is judged that the first heat exchanger capacity is lowered due to refrigerant leak or refrigerant shortage.
  • the method of detecting the running state of the compressor is same as shown in the first embodiment. Accordingly, in judgement of refrigerant leak shown in the embodiment in FIG. 3, by setting the judging constants in the flowchart for detecting refrigerant leak in FIG. 4 at K 2 , t K2 for heating, when the differential temperature ⁇ T is lower than the criterion K 2 and the cumulative running time of the compressor t is over the criterion t K2 , refrigerant leak is judged. According to this judgement, a failure display of refrigerant leak is shown in a display apparatus 64 in FIG. 6, and the compressor operation is stopped, if necessary, by a running apparatus 65.
  • R410A is used, but when a single refrigerant of HFC-32 of which saturation pressure at same temperature is higher than in R22, or a mixed refrigerant of HFC-32/125 is used, the operation is nearly the same, and it is possible to use without being defined by the ratio of the mixed refrigerant.
  • a refrigerant leak in the refrigerating apparatus using HFC refrigerant, a refrigerant leak can be directly detected as drop of evaporator capacity, and by detecting the running state of the compressor at the same time, a refrigerant leak can be detected early and securely, and failure display or operation stopping is effected. As a result, there is a possibility that at least one of the following effects are obtained.
  • the refrigerant temperature detecting means can be installed at a position corresponding to the constitution of the air-conditioner or heat exchanger.
  • a refrigerant leak in the evaporator of the refrigerating apparatus or the heat pump apparatus can be detected directly as capacity drop of heat exchanger, so that:
  • a refrigerant leak can be detected by the same apparatus, whether in cooling or heating operation, and therefore a simple and inexpensive heat pump type refrigerating apparatus can be presented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
US08/921,835 1996-10-18 1997-09-02 Refrigerating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US5934087A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8-275787 1996-10-18
JP8275787A JPH10122711A (ja) 1996-10-18 1996-10-18 冷凍サイクル制御装置

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EP (1) EP0837293A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10122711A (fr)
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BR (1) BR9704920A (fr)

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CN1180823A (zh) 1998-05-06
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CN1120970C (zh) 2003-09-10
EP0837293A2 (fr) 1998-04-22
EP0837293A3 (fr) 2000-11-15

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