US8288048B2 - Fuel cell/battery thermal management system - Google Patents

Fuel cell/battery thermal management system Download PDF

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Publication number
US8288048B2
US8288048B2 US12/763,388 US76338810A US8288048B2 US 8288048 B2 US8288048 B2 US 8288048B2 US 76338810 A US76338810 A US 76338810A US 8288048 B2 US8288048 B2 US 8288048B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
fluid
power source
temperature
electrochemical power
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US12/763,388
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English (en)
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US20100258063A1 (en
Inventor
Dale R. Thompson
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Parker Hannifin Corp
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Parker Hannifin Corp
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Priority to US12/763,388 priority Critical patent/US8288048B2/en
Assigned to PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION reassignment PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: THOMPSON, DALE R.
Publication of US20100258063A1 publication Critical patent/US20100258063A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thermal management system for electrochemical power sources such as batteries and/or fuel cells, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for supplying both heat and cooling to the power source to increase its operational efficiency.
  • At least one embodiment of the invention provides a thermal management system for a hybrid vehicle having an electrochemical power source and an internal combustion engine, the system comprising: a first heat exchanger associated with the electrochemical power source; a second heat exchanger associated with the engine; a third heat exchanger capable of dissipating heat to an ambient; a pump for moving a vaporizable fluid through the system; a vapor separator and an accumulator; the vapor separator positioned between the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger; the vapor separator adapted to direct vapororized fluid to the third heat exchanger and liquid fluid to the accumulator; a temperature sensor capable of sensing the temperature of the electrochemical power source; a valve selectively directing the fluid to the first heat exchanger in a cooling mode when the temperature of the electrochemical power source is above a predetermined temperature and directing the fluid to the second heat exchanger and then to the first heat exchanger in a heating mode when the temperature of the electrochemical power source is at or below a predetermined first temperature.
  • At least one embodiment of the invention provides a thermal management system for a hybrid vehicle having an electrochemical power source and an internal combustion engine, the system comprising: a thermal circuit loop having a vaporizable refrigerant fluid flowing therethrough, the thermal circuit loop comprising a first cold plate associated with the electrochemical power source, a second cold plate associated with the heat source, a condenser dissipating heat to an ambient, and a pump for moving the fluid through the thermal circuit; a temperature sensor capable of sensing the temperature of the electrochemical power source; a bypass valve in the thermal circuit loop selectively directing the fluid to bypass the second cold plate in a cooling mode when the temperature of the electrochemical power source is above a predetermined temperature and directing the fluid to the second cold plate in a heating mode when the temperature of the electrochemical power source is at or below a predetermined first temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the thermal management system according to the present invention.
  • the system of the present invention is a thermal management system for a hybrid vehicle having an electrochemical power source (battery or fuel cell) and an internal combustion engine.
  • an electrochemical power source battery or fuel cell
  • an internal combustion engine for both fuel cells and battery systems to achieve optimal performance they must be maintained within a specified temperature envelop.
  • the system In cooling mode, the system will flow liquid refrigerant over an evaporator attached to the battery/fuel cell, a two-phase mixture will then flow to the condenser where the heat is dissipated to ambient.
  • the system will pick up heat from either an engine block or resistance heater and pump the warm fluid back to the target until its optimal operating temperature is reached.
  • the thermal management system 10 is provided for a hybrid vehicle having an electrochemical power source 20 typically in the form of a battery or fuel cell.
  • the power source 20 has an optimal temperature at which it provides optimal performance.
  • a first heat exchanger 30 is positioned wherein heat transfer with the electrochemical power source 20 can take place to either cool or heat the power source 20 as needed.
  • the first heat exchanger 30 is typically either a cold/hot plate or a condenser/evaporator. Such a cold/hot plate is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,508,301, issued on Jan. 21, 2003 and herein incorporated by reference.
  • the system 10 includes a temperature sensor 22 capable of sensing the temperature of the electrochemical power source 20 . Using a predetermined temperature limit, the sensor 22 information is used to provide either heating or cooling to the power source 20 .
  • a valve 40 directs fluid 42 having a temperature less than the temperature of the power source 20 into the first heat exchanger 30 wherein the fluid 42 is heated by the heat transfer that takes place between the heat exchanger 30 and the power source 20 wherein the power source 20 is cooled.
  • the fluid 42 may be any suitable fluid including a vaporizable (two-phase) dielectric refrigerant.
  • the heating of the fluid 42 in the first heat exchanger 30 may cause the fluid to partially or completely change phase from a liquid to a vapor.
  • the fluid 42 exits the first heat exchanger 30 and is directed to a second heat exchanger 50 .
  • the second heat exchanger 50 is typically a condenser.
  • the system 10 includes a vapor separator 44 that directs only the vapor to the second heat exchanger 50 and directs the liquid to an accumulator 46 , bypassing the second heat exchanger 50 .
  • Vapor entering the second heat exchanger 50 is cooled through heat transfer by the ambient.
  • the cooled liquid fluid 42 then leaves the second heat exchanger 50 and enters accumulator 46 where it is then passed back to the valve 40 by a pump 90 , completing the cooling cycle.
  • the system 10 utilizes a heat source 60 which is at a temperature higher than the power source 20 .
  • the heat source 60 may be in the form of an engine block or other auxiliary systems associated with the engine or braking systems.
  • the valve 40 directs fluid 42 into a third heat exchanger 70 wherein the fluid 42 is heated by the heat transfer that takes place between the third heat exchanger 70 and the heat source 60 .
  • the third heat exchanger 70 is typically either a cold plate or an evaporator.
  • the heating of the fluid 42 in the third heat exchanger 70 may cause the fluid to partially or completely change phase from a liquid to a vapor.
  • the fluid 42 exits the third heat exchanger 70 and is directed to the first heat exchanger 30 .
  • the fluid 42 having a temperature greater than the temperature of the power source 20 is cooled by the heat transfer that takes place between the first heat exchanger 30 and the power source 20 wherein the power source 20 is heated.
  • the cooled fluid 42 leaves the first heat exchanger 30 and is directed to the second heat exchanger 50 , or as previously discussed, to the vapor separator 44 that directs only the vapor to the second heat exchanger 50 and directs the liquid to an accumulator 46 , bypassing the second heat exchanger 50 and is directed back to the valve 40 by the pump 90 , completing the heating cycle.
  • Vaporized fluid 42 if any, entering the second heat exchanger 50 from the vapor separator 44 is cooled through heat transfer by the ambient.
  • the cooled liquid fluid 42 then leaves the second heat exchanger 50 and enters accumulator 46 where it is then passed back to the valve 40 by the pump 90 .
  • system 10 utilizes the pump 90 to direct the fluid 42 through the fluid circuit and that no compressor is used.
  • the fluid 42 is completed contained in the system 10 in a hermetic manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
US12/763,388 2007-10-03 2010-04-20 Fuel cell/battery thermal management system Expired - Fee Related US8288048B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/763,388 US8288048B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2010-04-20 Fuel cell/battery thermal management system

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US97714507P 2007-10-03 2007-10-03
PCT/US2008/078703 WO2009046269A2 (fr) 2007-10-03 2008-10-03 Système de gestion thermique de batterie/pile à combustible
US12/763,388 US8288048B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2010-04-20 Fuel cell/battery thermal management system

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2008/078073 Continuation WO2009085353A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2008-09-29 Procédés de contrôle, de commande et d'amélioration lors de la stimulation d'un trou de forage rempli de fluide
PCT/US2008/078703 Continuation WO2009046269A2 (fr) 2007-10-03 2008-10-03 Système de gestion thermique de batterie/pile à combustible

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100258063A1 US20100258063A1 (en) 2010-10-14
US8288048B2 true US8288048B2 (en) 2012-10-16

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US12/763,388 Expired - Fee Related US8288048B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2010-04-20 Fuel cell/battery thermal management system

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US8288048B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2201434B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE515730T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009046269A2 (fr)

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US10158151B2 (en) 2016-05-06 2018-12-18 Dana Canada Corporation Heat exchangers for battery thermal management applications with integrated bypass
US10283824B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2019-05-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Thermal exchange assembly for vehicle battery
US11137173B2 (en) 2016-06-17 2021-10-05 Carrier Corporation Hot gas bypass for battery pack cold start
US20220238896A1 (en) * 2021-01-28 2022-07-28 Airbus Operations Gmbh Cooling system for two-phase refrigerant
US11592221B2 (en) 2020-12-22 2023-02-28 Deere & Company Two-phase cooling system
US11605847B2 (en) 2016-11-04 2023-03-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Thermal exchange plate assembly for vehicle battery
US12084993B1 (en) 2023-03-30 2024-09-10 Fca Us Llc Thermal accumulator assembly
US12158097B2 (en) 2023-03-30 2024-12-03 Fca Us Llc Thermal accumulator assembly

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WO2015103548A1 (fr) 2014-01-03 2015-07-09 Quantumscape Corporation Système de gestion thermique pour des véhicules ayant un groupe motopropulseur électrique
WO2015061443A1 (fr) 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 Quantumscape Corporation Gestion thermique et électrique de blocs de batteries
US9079505B1 (en) 2014-02-25 2015-07-14 Elwah LLC System and method for management of a fleet of vehicles having an energy storage system
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US9878631B2 (en) 2014-02-25 2018-01-30 Elwha Llc System and method for predictive control of an energy storage system for a vehicle
US9834114B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2017-12-05 Quantumscape Corporation Battery thermal management system and methods of use
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JP6493300B2 (ja) * 2016-05-19 2019-04-03 株式会社デンソー 流路切替弁
US20190204014A1 (en) * 2016-09-09 2019-07-04 Denso Corporation Device temperature regulator
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CN108705943B (zh) * 2018-05-22 2020-05-05 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种电池组加热装置与控制方法
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CN110690534B (zh) * 2019-10-30 2025-05-13 奇瑞商用车（安徽）有限公司 一种动力电池热管理控制系统及其方法
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CN113675433B (zh) * 2021-08-23 2023-05-16 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 一种多模式燃料电池测试台热管理系统及其控制方法
DE102022104200A1 (de) * 2022-02-22 2023-08-24 Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg Temperiersystem, Verfahren zum Temperieren eines Temperiersystems und Kraftfahrzeug

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US20100258063A1 (en) 2010-10-14
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WO2009046269A3 (fr) 2009-06-04
EP2201434A2 (fr) 2010-06-30
ATE515730T1 (de) 2011-07-15

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