US8756927B2 - Method and device for the regeneration of a particle filter arranged in the exhaust gas tract of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method and device for the regeneration of a particle filter arranged in the exhaust gas tract of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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US8756927B2
US8756927B2 US12/539,954 US53995409A US8756927B2 US 8756927 B2 US8756927 B2 US 8756927B2 US 53995409 A US53995409 A US 53995409A US 8756927 B2 US8756927 B2 US 8756927B2
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exhaust gas
gas stream
line
upstream
particle filter
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US20100037607A1 (en
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Andreas Döring
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F02B37/164—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F02B37/164—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine
    • F02B37/166—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine the auxiliary apparatus being a combustion chamber, e.g. upstream of turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F02B37/168—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air into the exhaust conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to a method for the regeneration of a particle filter arranged in the exhaust gas tract of an internal combustion engine and to a device for the regeneration of a particle filter arranged in the exhaust gas tract of an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention pertains in particular to a method and to a device for regenerating particle filters in internal combustion engines operating with excess air such as diesel engines and gasoline engines with direct injection like those typically used in motor vehicles or commercial vehicles.
  • particle separators or particle filters are used in motor vehicles.
  • a typical particle separator arrangement for motor vehicles is known from EP 10 727 65 A2. These particle separators differ from particle filters in that the exhaust gas stream is conducted along the separator structures, whereas, in the case of particle filters, the exhaust gas is forced to flow through the filter medium. As a result of this difference, particle filters tend to clog, which increases the exhaust gas backpressure. Particle filters cause an undesirable increase in the pressure at the exhaust gas outlet of the internal combustion engine, which in turn reduces engine power and leads to an increase in the amount of fuel consumed by the internal combustion engine.
  • An example of a particle filter arrangement is known from EP 03 418 32 A2.
  • an oxidation catalyst located upstream of the particle separator or particle filter oxidizes nitrogen monoxide (NO) in the exhaust gas to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) with the help of the residual oxygen (O 2 ) also present in the exhaust gas according to the following equation: 2NO+O 2 ⁇ ->2NO 2 .
  • the NO 2 reacts with the extremely fine carbon-containing particles to form CO, CO 2 , N 2 , and NO.
  • the strong oxidizing agent NO 2 has the effect of continuously removing the deposited ultrafine particles, so that the complicated regeneration cycles which must be conducted in the case of other arrangements can be omitted.
  • SO 3 is also formed, the latter being produced on the platinum-containing NO oxidation catalysts from the sulfur contained in the fuel and/or motor oil.
  • the SO 3 and NO 2 condense on cold spots in the exhaust gas tract and form highly corrosive sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Because of the sulfuric and nitric acids, the exhaust gas system must be made of high-grade steel up as far as the particle filters to avoid corrosion.
  • a layer of separated particles forms on the surface of the filter and thus on the catalytically active layer
  • the NO oxidation catalyst on the particle filter side then lies downstream of the filter cake, so that the soot particles separated cannot be oxidized with the help of NO 2 from the NO oxidation catalyst applied to the particle filter.
  • the catalyst layer applied on the raw gas side contributes to the performance of the system, because the NO 2 formed catalytically on the clean gas side can no longer come into contact with the soot on the raw gas side or the soot deposited inside the filter material.
  • the carbon deposited in the particle filter is oxidized or burned off with the help of oxygen according to the following equation: C+O 2 ->CO 2 .
  • the NO oxidation catalysts are more vulnerable to thermal damage than catalysts for hydrocarbon oxidation, because, at temperatures over 550° C., the active components are subject to irreversible sintering, which reduces the NO oxidation activity.
  • At least one heater formed by at least one heating catalyst, through which an additional gas stream flows and is heated, is provided upstream of the particle filter, wherein this heated additional gas stream is then mixed upstream of the particle filter with an exhaust gas stream, in particular an exhaust gas stream loaded with NO 2 , coming from an NO oxidation catalyst.
  • At least one NO oxidation catalyst and at least one heater are installed upstream of the particle filter in parallel with each other in terms of fluid mechanics, so that an exhaust gas stream flows through one of them (the NO oxidation catalyst), and an additional gas stream flows through the other one (the heater).
  • the heated additional gas stream raises the temperature at the particle filter, wherein simultaneously large quantities of NO 2 are still available from the NO oxidation catalyst, because there is no increase in temperature in the area of the NO oxidation catalyst which could negatively affect NO 2 formation and/or no elevated hydrocarbon concentrations which could lead to a loss of NO oxidation activity.
  • This increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas stream upstream of the particle filter therefore occurs in a separate part of the exhaust gas line, a certain distance away from the NO oxidation catalyst, wherein this heated gas stream is then mixed downstream of the NO oxidation catalyst with the NO 2 -loaded exhaust gas stream coming from the NO oxidation catalyst thus increasing the exhaust gas temperature of this exhaust gas stream upstream of the particle filter.
  • a highly functional combination of active and passive particle filter regeneration techniques is made available, a combination which exploits the advantages of two approaches but avoids their negative interactions.
  • the additional gas stream used to realize the temperature elevation is preferably branched from, a charging-air-side fresh-air stream or from a charging-air stream downstream of the entry point of an exhaust gas return line of an external exhaust gas return. It can thus be ensured that sufficient oxygen is available at the heater, preferably designed as an oxidation catalyst.
  • the additional gas stream is formed by an exhaust gas stream that is branched off from the exhaust gas line of the internal combustion engine, and which thus represents a second exhaust gas stream. The following discussion is based on this embodiment wherein, wherever technically advisable, the second exhaust gas stream in the larger sense can be replaced analogously by or mixed with, for example, a fresh-air stream on the charging air side.
  • the second exhaust gas stream can be taken from any suitable point of the exhaust gas system and then mixed in the heated state with the first exhaust gas stream.
  • These two branch lines are then brought together again downstream of the NO oxidation catalyst and the heater to form an exhaust gas line leading to the particle filter.
  • the second branch line is designed as a bypass line, which branches from the exhaust gas line that simultaneously forms the first branch line that leads to the NO oxidation catalyst.
  • a bypass line of this type takes account of the quantity of exhaust gas or the mass flow of exhaust gas which flows through the heater, formed especially by a heating catalyst, which is usually smaller than that of the first exhaust gas stream conducted through the NO oxidation catalyst.
  • the heater is formed by a heating catalyst, especially by an oxidation catalyst, by which the temperature of the exhaust gas stream is increased by an exothermic reaction or oxidation.
  • the oxidation catalyst is preferably an HC oxidation catalyst, by which hydrocarbons are oxidized and thus release thermal energy.
  • the hydrocarbons are preferably formed by the fuel.
  • the hydrocarbons are made available by generating high hydrocarbon emissions in the exhaust gas by a late post-injection of fuel into the combustion chamber.
  • the use of a separate metering device, such as an injection nozzle or the like, provided in the exhaust gas line, however, is preferred as a way of supplying the hydrocarbons.
  • This metered addition takes place upstream of the heating catalyst, in that a predetermined amount of hydrocarbons is metered or sprayed into the second exhaust gas stream at predetermined times. It is preferred for the metered addition to be conducted according to predetermined open-loop or closed-loop control parameters, such as a periodically recurring addition, with the help of an electronic control unit.
  • the exhaust gas stream to be heated is conducted over the heater, preferably designed as an HC oxidation catalyst, as a result of which the exhaust gas stream is heated.
  • the heat output is limited by the amount of oxygen present. In the event the lambda value reaches 1, it is no longer possible for any oxidation of the hydrocarbons to occur.
  • fresh air is supplied to the exhaust gas stream to be heated after a certain predetermined temperature is reached and/or after a predetermined time and/or the lambda value or oxygen value falls below a predetermined limit.
  • This optional fresh air feed has the effect of raising the lambda value and thus also of increasing the heat output. In most cases the fresh air is branched off on the charging-air side, fresh air can also be branched off upstream and/or downstream of the entry point of an exhaust gas return line into a charging-air line.
  • the exhaust gas stream conducted over the NO oxidation catalyst is usually larger than that passing over the heating catalyst.
  • This distribution is achieved by simple technical flow measures, such as by the use of different hydraulic diameters (pipe or tube diameters). Nevertheless, the distribution can also be accomplished actively by at least one variable throttle device and/or shut-off device connected to an open-loop or closed-loop control device that controls the exhaust gas quantity and/or exhaust gas mass of the first and second exhaust gas streams can be specified or automatically controlled in correspondence with preestablished quantitative and/or mass flow parameters.
  • the throttle and/or shut-off device is formed by at least one of, a throttle flap, shut-off flap, a throttle valve, shut-off valve.
  • these throttle and/or shut-off devices are installed in the branching area of the first and second exhaust gas streams and thus upstream of the NO oxidation catalyst or of the heater and/or of the heating catalyst.
  • a type of bypass line in which the heating catalyst or the heater is installed i.e., a parallel connection of this component with respect to the NO oxidation catalyst, it is effective to install the mechanical means, i.e., the throttle device and/or the shut-off device, in the area of an exhaust gas line carrying the second exhaust gas stream.
  • This configuration is preferable, especially when the second exhaust gas stream is branched off upstream of an exhaust gas turbocharger.
  • a problem in the case of internal combustion engines with exhaust gas turbochargers operating at low load is that, because of the compression work performed by the turbocharger, the exhaust gas temperatures are even lower than those in the case of internal combustion engines without exhaust gas turbocharging. This can lead to a situation in which the light-off temperature of the heating catalyst, i.e., an HC oxidation catalyst, is not reached, and thus it becomes impossible to inject hydrocarbons. This problem is made even worse when two-stage charging and/or high exhaust gas return rates are used.
  • the heating catalyst designed, as an HC oxidation catalyst, upstream of the exhaust gas turbine and to feed it back in the inventive manner into the exhaust gas stream downstream of the NO oxidation catalysts.
  • the heating catalyst designed as an HC oxidation catalyst, operates on a much higher temperature level, allowing the oxidation of the injected hydrocarbons, even when the problems discussed above are present.
  • a controllable throttle element and/or shut-off element is preferably provided in the exhaust gas stream taken upstream of the turbine.
  • the partial gas stream can be throttled or shut off completely during operation in non-regeneration mode. If a waste gate is required to protect the turbocharger and/or the internal combustion engine, the partial stream and the throttle or shut-off devices are used simultaneously as a waste gate.
  • the heater especially the heating catalyst
  • the heater is installed outside the exhaust gas system; that is, it is installed so that the exhaust gas does not flow around it. This leads, however, to the relatively rapid cooling of this heater, especially to the cooling of the heating catalyst. It is therefore more advisable to install the heater, especially the heating catalyst, in the exhaust gas tract in such a way that the exhaust gas flows around it, as a result of which the heat losses at the heating catalyst are reduced.
  • An especially space-saving arrangement is to surround or enclose at least parts or at least certain areas of the heater, especially of the heating catalyst, with the NO oxidation catalyst. Installation in a common housing also represents a useful variant.
  • the heating catalyst is provided, preferably designed as an HC oxidation catalyst, with NO oxidation activity, as a result of which the amount of NO 2 made available during non-regeneration mode is increased and the oxidation of the particles is thus improved by passive regeneration. It thus becomes possible to prolong the intervals between the active temperature increases. It must be kept in mind, however, that the heating catalyst is preferably made with greater thermal stability than the pure NO oxidation catalyst. This usually has the result that the NO oxidation activity of the heating catalyst is lower than that of the pure NO oxidation catalyst, as previously mentioned.
  • the filter is provided with a catalyst for the oxidation of hydrocarbons.
  • a catalyst with hydrocarbon oxidation activity attached or installed upstream and/or downstream of the particle filter is also conceivable.
  • Metals of the platinum metal group are preferably used as the active components for both the NO catalyst and for the HC oxidation catalyst.
  • the compositions of the components for these two catalysts differ: to improve the thermal stability of the HC oxidation catalysts, the percentage of palladium is higher in them than in the NO oxidation catalysts.
  • For the HC oxidation catalysts it is also possible in principle to consider the use of cerium as an active element.
  • the activity of the two catalyst types can be increased by the use of zeolites, for example.
  • Catalysts for NO x reduction are provided in the exhaust gas tract or exhaust gas train.
  • the NO x storage catalysts is installed downstream of the oxidation catalysts and/or downstream of the particle filter. Platinum and/or barium and/or calcium is preferably used as the active component for the NO x storage catalysts.
  • the use of tungsten-stabilized vanadium pentoxide, preferably on a titanium dioxide base, iron zeolites, copper zeolites, or cobalt zeolites is effective.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for the regeneration of a particle filter installed in the exhaust gas tract of an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for the regeneration of a particle filter installed in the exhaust gas tract of an internal combustion engine according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for the regeneration of a particle filter installed in the exhaust gas tract according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically, and purely by way of example, an inventive regeneration device 1 for a particle filter 3 , installed in the exhaust gas tract or exhaust gas train 2 of an internal combustion engine (not shown).
  • the exhaust gas tract 2 comprises here an exhaust gas line 5 .
  • a bypass line 7 in which an HC oxidation catalyst 8 is arranged, branches from the exhaust gas line 5 .
  • the NO oxidation catalyst 6 is arranged in the exhaust gas line 5 ′ proceeding from the branching point.
  • the bypass line 7 and the exhaust gas line 5 ′ are brought together again to form an exhaust gas line 5 ′′, in which the particle filter 3 is arranged.
  • the regeneration device 1 also comprises a metering device 9 for fuel, shown schematically, connected to at least one of an open-loop and closed-loop control device 10 .
  • the metering device 9 comprises an injection nozzle 11 leading into the bypass line 7 .
  • the fuel 12 is sprayed into the bypass line 7 upstream of the HC oxidation catalyst 8 at predetermined times and in predetermined amounts, preferably periodically, under the open and/or closed-loop control of the control device 10 .
  • a throttle flap 13 is arranged upstream of the HC oxidation catalyst 8 in the area of the bypass line 7 ; this throttle flap 13 is preferably connected to an open-loop and/or closed-loop control device (not shown) Based on the position of the throttle flap 13 , the quantity and mass of a second exhaust gas stream 14 branched off into the bypass line 7 from an exhaust gas stream 4 coming from the internal combustion engine can be specified and/or automatically controlled.
  • the maximum open position of the throttle flap 13 is shown by the line in FIG. 1
  • the closed position of the throttle flap 13 is shown by the dotted line.
  • the arrow designated “ 21 ” is intended to illustrate this variability of the throttle flap.
  • the first exhaust gas stream 15 remaining after the second exhaust gas stream 14 has been branched off then flows through the NO oxidation catalyst, wherein most of the nitrogen monoxide NO of the first exhaust gas stream is oxidized in the NO oxidation catalyst 6 to NO 2 at relatively low temperatures, so that a first exhaust gas stream loaded with a large amount of NO 2 leaves the NO oxidation catalyst 6 .
  • a throttle device and/or shut-off device can also be provided in the first exhaust gas stream 15 to provide the ability to vary the exhaust gas quantities over the two partial streams. For the sake of clarity, however, this device is not shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the second exhaust gas stream 14 takes up the fuel or hydrocarbons sprayed into it along its flow route upstream of the HC oxidation catalyst 8 and enriched fuel flows through the HC oxidation catalyst 8 , in which an exothermic reaction or oxidation then takes place, as a result of which the second exhaust gas stream 14 is heated to a predetermined temperature.
  • This heated second exhaust gas stream 14 is then mixed back into the NO 2 -loaded first exhaust gas stream 15 downstream of the NO oxidation catalyst 6 , so that, after the two exhaust gas streams 14 , 15 have been mixed together, a hot exhaust gas stream 16 carrying a large amount of NO 2 flows to the particle filter 3 , where the carbon-containing soot particles deposited in the particle filter 3 are converted to CO, CO 2 , N 2 , and NO, as a result of which the particle filter 3 is regenerated. As shown merely by the dashed line in FIG.
  • a predetermined amount of a fresh air stream 26 from the charging air side can be supplied to the second exhaust gas stream 14 , by means of which, during the regeneration phase, the heat output can be increased even more at predetermined times, especially when a lambda value or oxygen value falls below a predetermined limit.
  • FIG. 2 is another of regeneration device 1 , in which parts which are the same as those of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numbers and are not explained again in detail here to avoid unnecessary repetition.
  • the second exhaust gas stream 14 is withdrawn upstream of an exhaust gas turbine 17 of an exhaust gas turbocharger 18 , which comprises not only the exhaust gas turbine 17 but also, in the conventional manner, an compressor 19 .
  • This second exhaust gas stream 14 drawn off from the exhaust gas stream 4 upstream of the exhaust gas turbine 17 , flows, via a throttle flap 13 and an injection nozzle 11 , which injects the fuel 12 , to the HC oxidation catalyst 8 , where again the exothermic reaction or oxidation takes place; that is, a heated second exhaust gas stream 14 is made available.
  • the throttle valve could also be arranged downstream of the feed point of the hydrocarbons. This is shown by way of example in FIG. 2 , in which another throttle flap 20 is installed downstream of the HC oxidation catalyst 8 in the area of the entry point of the bypass line 7 into the exhaust gas line 5 ′.
  • This throttle flap 20 can be installed in addition to the throttle flap 13 or in place of it.
  • the throttle flap 20 shown here acts together with the throttle flap 13 ; they can therefore supplement each other depending on the selected parameters and can also provide, for example, a known waste gate function to protect the turbocharger and/or the engine from damage.
  • the remaining first exhaust gas stream 15 flows, in a manner similar to that previously described, through the NO oxidation catalyst 6 , where the NO is oxidized to NO 2 , so that afterwards the NO 2 -loaded first exhaust gas stream 15 can be mixed with the hot second exhaust gas stream 14 downstream of the NO oxidation catalyst 6 and downstream of the HC oxidation catalyst 8 , and a hot, NO 2 -loaded exhaust gas stream 16 can be conducted to the particle filter 3 .
  • the function and effect of the regeneration device 1 of FIG. 2 are the same as those described and explained previously in conjunction with FIG. 1 . To this extent, reference is made to the discussion above.
  • an NO x reduction catalyst 22 formed, for example, by an NO x storage catalyst or by an SCR catalyst, is installed downstream of the particle filter 3 , by means of which the exhaust gas stream 23 leaving the particle filter 3 can be subjected to an NO x reduction treatment.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically and by way of example a third embodiment of a regeneration device 1 , in which, to obtain an especially compact and thus space-saving design, the HC oxidation catalyst 8 is arranged and accommodated inside an NO oxidation catalyst 6 , which surrounds the HC oxidation catalyst 8 in ring-like fashion.
  • the exhaust gas stream 4 flowing via the exhaust gas line 5 to the two catalysts 6 , 8 is divided here by one or more flow guide elements 24 into a first exhaust gas stream 15 , which flows only through the NO oxidation catalyst 6 , and a second exhaust gas stream 14 , which flows only through the HC oxidation catalyst 8 .
  • the mass of the second exhaust gas stream 14 flowing through the HC oxidation catalyst 8 is determined by the geometry of the flow guide elements 24 and/or by the throttle elements and/or shut-off elements formed as integral parts of the flow guide elements or are provided additionally to them.
  • the feed opening to the HC oxidation catalyst 8 can be closed or opened to a greater or lesser extent by a flap or by a valve as a shut-off element, wherein the actuation of the flap or of the valve can be accomplished by way of an electronic open-loop and/or closed-loop control device as a function of predetermined operating parameters, in a manner similar to the actuation of the throttle flaps 13 and 20 previously described in conjunction with the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • An injection nozzle 11 of a metering device 9 by means of which fuel 12 can be injected into the second exhaust gas stream 14 , is again provided; here it is arranged directly upstream of the entry area of the flow guide elements 24 , so that an exothermic reaction takes place in the HG oxidation catalyst 8 and the hot exhaust gas stream leaving the HC oxidation catalyst 8 can be mixed with the first exhaust gas stream 15 flowing through the NO oxidation catalyst 6 to form a hot, NO 2 -loaded exhaust gas stream 16 .
  • This hot, NO 2 -loaded exhaust gas stream 16 then flows through the particle filter 3 and through an NO x reduction catalyst 22 , as previously described in conjunction with FIG. 2 .
  • the flow areas formed by the flow guide elements 24 form branch lines 5 ′ and 7 , which branch from the exhaust gas line 5 and are then brought back together again in the area downstream of the NO oxidation catalyst 6 and downstream of the HC oxidation catalyst 8 to form a common exhaust gas line 5 ′′.
  • the NO oxidation catalyst 6 and the HC oxidation catalyst 8 are arranged preferably here in a common housing 25 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
US12/539,954 2008-08-12 2009-08-12 Method and device for the regeneration of a particle filter arranged in the exhaust gas tract of an internal combustion engine Active 2030-10-03 US8756927B2 (en)

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DE102008038721 2008-08-12
DE102008038721A DE102008038721A1 (de) 2008-08-12 2008-08-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regeneration eines im Abgastrakt einer Brennkraftmaschine angeordneten Partikelfilters
DE102008038721.5 2008-08-12

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CN110566318B (zh) * 2019-09-30 2020-12-22 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种发动机尾气处理系统及处理方法
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US11268414B2 (en) * 2019-12-03 2022-03-08 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Exhaust aftertreatment component with bypass valve
EP4382730A1 (fr) * 2022-12-05 2024-06-12 Purem GmbH Agencement de traitement de gaz d'échappement

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RU2490482C2 (ru) 2013-08-20
EP2154344A3 (fr) 2016-04-27
RU2009130674A (ru) 2011-02-20
EP2154344A2 (fr) 2010-02-17
CN101676528A (zh) 2010-03-24
CN101676528B (zh) 2015-04-01
US20100037607A1 (en) 2010-02-18
DE102008038721A1 (de) 2010-02-18
EP2154344B1 (fr) 2017-10-18

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