US9322587B2 - Heat pump device, air conditioner, and refrigerating machine - Google Patents

Heat pump device, air conditioner, and refrigerating machine Download PDF

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US9322587B2
US9322587B2 US14/126,867 US201114126867A US9322587B2 US 9322587 B2 US9322587 B2 US 9322587B2 US 201114126867 A US201114126867 A US 201114126867A US 9322587 B2 US9322587 B2 US 9322587B2
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period
heating
inverter
heat pump
pump device
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US20140174118A1 (en
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Yosuke Shinomoto
Kazunori Hatakeyama
Shinsaku Kusube
Shinya Matsushita
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant
    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/06—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/40—Electric motor
    • F04C2240/403—Electric motor with inverter for speed control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/70—Safety, emergency conditions or requirements
    • F04C2270/701—Cold start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
    • H02M2007/53876—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • H02M7/53876—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output based on synthesising a desired voltage vector via the selection of appropriate fundamental voltage vectors, and corresponding dwelling times
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat pump device including a compressor and a refrigerating machine and an air conditioner including the heat pump device.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. S60-68341
  • Patent Literature 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. S61-91445
  • Patent Literature 1 has a problem in that there is no detailed description concerning a high-frequency low voltage and realizability of an object of smoothing the lubricating action in the inside of the compressor is not indicated.
  • Patent Literature 2 describes that a voltage is applied by a single-phase alternating-current power supply having a high frequency such as 25 kilohertz. Such effects are attained by the increase in the frequency of the single-phase alternating-current power supply that noise is suppressed because the frequency deviates from an audible range, vibration is suppressed because the frequency deviates from a resonant frequency, an input is reduced and a temperature rise is prevented through a reduction in a current by an amount of the inductance of a winding wire, and rotation of a rotating unit of the compressor is suppressed.
  • the present invention has been devised in view of the above and it is an object of the present invention to obtain a heat pump device, an air conditioner, and a refrigerating machine that can efficiently feed a high-frequency current to an electric motor and effectively heat a compressor.
  • a heat pump device configured to includes: a compressor including a compression mechanism configured to compress a refrigerant and a motor configured to drive the compression mechanism; heat exchangers; an inverter configured to apply a desired voltage to the motor; and an inverter control unit configured to generate PWM signals for driving the inverter, wherein the inverter control unit includes: a heating determining unit configured to determine whether heating of the compressor is necessary and notify a determination result; and a PWM-signal generating unit configured to shift to, upon receiving the notification indicating that the heating is necessary, a heating operation mode for heating the compressor and, in the heating operation mode, generate the PWM signals to provide, based on a heating time carrier signal having two or more predetermined frequencies, a period in which a reflux current flows.
  • the heat pump device attains an effect that it is possible to efficiently feed a high-frequency current to an electric motor and effectively heat the compressor.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a configuration example of an air conditioner in a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example of voltage commands and PWM signals generated as voltage commands and PWM signals for heating.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example of a motor current that flows when an inverter is actuated by the PWM signals shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a generation example of PWM signals different from the PWM signals shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of ON/OFF states of switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 in the inverter corresponding to respective voltage vectors.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example of an operation waveform obtained when a carrier having two cycles of a cycle A and a cycle B is used.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of a configuration example of an air conditioner in a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example of an operation waveform for explaining an operation in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example of an operation waveform obtained when correction by a PWM-signal correcting unit is performed.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a configuration example of the first embodiment of an air conditioner according to the present invention.
  • the air conditioner in this embodiment is a separate type air conditioner and has a refrigerating cycle in which a compressor 1 , a four-way valve 2 , an outdoor heat exchanger 3 , an expansion valve 4 , and an indoor heat exchanger 5 are connected via a refrigerant pipe 6 .
  • a compression mechanism 7 configured to compress a refrigerant and a motor 8 configured to actuate the compression mechanism 7 are provided inside the compressor 1 .
  • An inverter 9 configured to apply a voltage to the motor 8 and drive the motor 8 is electrically connected to the motor 8 .
  • the air conditioner in this embodiment includes a direct-current power supply 14 to which the inverter 9 is connected and a bus-voltage detecting unit 10 configured to detect a bus voltage, which is a power supply voltage of the inverter 9 .
  • the compressor 1 , the four-way valve 2 , the outdoor heat exchanger 3 , the expansion valve 4 , the indoor heat exchanger 5 , the inverter 9 , the bus-voltage detector 10 , and an inverter control unit 11 configure a heat pump device in the air conditioner.
  • a control input end of the inverter 9 is connected to the inverter control unit 11 .
  • a stagnation detecting unit 12 a high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 , a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)-signal generating unit 15 , and a carrier-frequency switching unit 17 are provided in the inverter control unit 11 .
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the inverter 9 includes bridge-wire bound switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 .
  • the inverter 9 drives, with PWM signals (UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, and WN) sent by the inverter control unit 11 , the switching elements respectively corresponding to the PWM signals (UP corresponds to the switching element 16 - 1 , VP corresponds to the switching element 16 - 2 , WP corresponds to the switching element 16 - 3 , UN corresponds to the switching element 16 - 4 , VN corresponds to the switching element 16 - 5 , and WN corresponds to the switching element 16 - 6 ).
  • PWM signals UP, VP, WP, UN, VN, and WN
  • the stagnation detecting unit (a heating determining unit) 12 detects, based on the temperature of the refrigerating cycle, an elapsed time of the temperature, and the like, whether the refrigerant is in a stagnation state (a state in which a liquid refrigerant is stored in a closed case of the compressor 1 ), determines, based on whether the refrigerant is in the stagnation state (heating of the compressor 1 is necessary), whether the heating of the compressor is necessary, and notifies the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 of the determination result.
  • a stagnation state a state in which a liquid refrigerant is stored in a closed case of the compressor 1
  • the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 shifts to a heating operation mode, calculates voltage commands Vu*, Vv*, and Vw* based on a command value of a voltage applied to the motor 8 in the compressor 1 as a voltage for heating, and outputs the calculated voltage commands to the PWM-signal generating unit 15 .
  • the PWM-signal generating unit 15 generates, based on the voltage commands, PWM signals at a carrier frequency designated from the carrier-frequency switching unit 17 .
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example of the voltage commands (Vu*, Vv*, and Vw*) and the PWM signals generated as voltage commands for heating.
  • the PWM-signal generating unit 15 Based on the voltage commands Vu*, Vv*, and Vw* generated by the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 , the PWM-signal generating unit 15 compares each of the voltage commands Vu*, Vv*, and Vw* with a carrier, generates PWM signals, and drives the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 of the inverter 9 with the PWM signals to apply a voltage to the motor 8 .
  • the inverter control unit 11 changes to the normal operation mode, generates PWM signals in the PWM-signal generating unit 15 such that the motor 8 rotates, and actuates the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 of the inverter 9 .
  • the operation of the PWM-signal generating unit 15 in this case compares a carrier and voltage commands, which are modulated waves, and generates the PWM signals.
  • the generation there is no problem even if the voltage commands are generated by two-phase modulation, third harmonic wave superimposition modulation, space vector modulation, or the like. Because the generation is a generally publicly-known technology, detailed description of the generation is omitted.
  • the operation command is input via, for example, a remote controller (not shown in the figures) of the air conditioner or an input unit (not shown in the figures) of an indoor machine and transmitted to the inverter control unit 11 .
  • the carrier frequency is a frequency ten times or more as high as a modulated wave to be a source of an output frequency. This is because the resolution of a modulated wave signal is determined by the carrier frequency. Output accuracy of an output voltage is secured by setting the carrier frequency high.
  • the heating operation mode for performing heating, the normal operation mode, and the carrier frequency are changed. Specifically, the carrier-frequency switching unit 17 notifies the PWM-signal generating unit 15 to switch the carrier frequency based on operation mode information acquired from the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 .
  • the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 generates the voltage commands Vu*, Vv*, and Vw* that change in synchronization with timings of peaks and troughs (arrows in the figure) of a carrier (a frequency is fc) shown in FIG. 2 . Consequently, opposite positive and negative voltage commands can be generated in the former half and the latter half of the carrier.
  • a in the figure indicates voltage values obtained when the voltage commands are Hi. When the voltage commands are Low, the voltage values are ⁇ A. In this way, the switching of the voltage commands is performed at the timings of the peaks and the troughs.
  • the PWM-signal generating unit 15 compares the carrier and the voltage commands to generate PWM signals. Consequently, it is possible to output the PWM signals synchronized with the carrier.
  • 0 OFF and 1 is defined as ON.
  • the voltage vector described as V 0 or V 7 is referred to as zero vector.
  • the other vectors are referred to actual vectors. Note that, although UN, VN, and WN are not shown in the figure, regarding the relation of UN and UP, VP and VN, and WP and WN, when one is ON, the other is OFF and, when one is OFF, the other is ON.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example of a motor current flowing to the motor 8 when the inverter 9 is actuated by the PWM signals shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the voltage vector is the actual vector V 4
  • an output voltage changes to a positive value and the motor current increases.
  • the voltage vector is the actual vector V 3
  • the output voltage changes to a negative value and the motor current decreases.
  • the voltage vector is the zero vectors V 0 and V 7
  • a reflux current circulating through the motor 8 and the inverter 9 is fed by diodes connected in inverse parallel of the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 of the inverter 9 .
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a generation example of PWM signals different from the PWM signals shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a difference between the example shown in FIG. 2 and the example shown in FIG. 4 is that a phase relation of the voltage commands (Vu*, Vv*, and Vw*) with respect to the phase of the carrier frequency is inverted.
  • the voltage command Vu* is ⁇ A(Lo).
  • the voltage command Vu* is +A(Hi).
  • Each of Vv* and Vw* is also inverted.
  • the next vector of the voltage vector V 7 is V 3 .
  • the next vector of the voltage vector V 7 is V 4 .
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of ON/OFF states of the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 in the inverter 9 corresponding to the respective voltage vectors. Respective circuit diagrams shown in FIG. 5 indicate that the switching elements surrounded by broken lines are ON and the other switching elements are OFF.
  • a rotating direction of thick arrows indicating changing order of the voltage vectors (a rotating direction of the voltage vectors V 0 ⁇ V 4 ⁇ V 7 ⁇ V 3 ⁇ V 0 . . . ) corresponds to the example shown in FIG. 2 . In the case of the example shown in FIG. 4 , a rotating direction is opposite to the rotating direction shown in FIG. 5 (counter clockwise).
  • the PWM signals generated for heating rotate through the four circuit states shown in FIG. 5 once at one carrier cycle. Consequently, it is configured in such a manner that a motor current having the one carrier period as one cycle is flown to the motor 8 , and the waveform of the motor current shown in FIG. 3 is obtained.
  • a high-frequency current having an inaudible frequency i.e., a high-frequency current having a frequency equal to or higher than 14 to 16 kilohertz is applied.
  • the output frequency output from the inverter 9 is a frequency lower than the output frequency in the heating operation mode, for example, a frequency equal to or lower than 1 kilohertz.
  • the carrier frequency in the normal operation mode is a frequency ten times or more as high as the output frequency output from the inverter 9 .
  • the high-frequency electromagnetic sound is a problem in the heating operation mode because the frequency of the electric current flowing to the motor 8 and the carrier frequency for switching coincide with each other. Even in the normal operation mode, electromagnetic sound due to two frequencies of a carrier frequency and a motor current frequency occurs. However, in the heating operation mode, because the two frequencies coincide with each other, a situation is more serious concerning the electromagnetic sound.
  • the heating operation mode in which electromagnetic sound is not a problem even at a carrier frequency with a relatively small switching loss, for example, a frequency equal to or lower than 10 kilohertz is explained.
  • the switching elements are configured such that a carrier has two or more different cycles in the generation of PWM signals during the heating operation mode explained below in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example of an operation waveform obtained when a carrier having two cycles of a cycle A and a cycle B is used.
  • electromagnetic sound having, as a fundamental frequency, a cycle C to be a combined cycle of the cycle A and the cycle B occurs.
  • Electromagnetic sound at respective frequencies (fundamental frequencies of the carrier) corresponding to the cycle A and the cycle B does not occur.
  • electromagnetic sound having a frequency (a frequency corresponding to the cycle C) lower than a fundamental frequency of a carrier of PWM (a frequency corresponding to the cycles A and B) as a fundamental wave occurs.
  • electromagnetic sound having 8.89 kilohertz as a fundamental frequency occurs and electromagnetic sound having frequencies of 16 kilohertz and 20 kilohertz does not occur.
  • electromagnetic sound having, as a fundamental wave, a frequency extremely lower than a cycle at which the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 operate occurs.
  • a fundamental wave component f base of generated electromagnetic sound is represented by the following Formula (1).
  • the order of the cycles is not limited to T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 , T 1 , . . . and can be any order such as T 5 , T 4 , T 3 , T 2 , T 1 , T 5 , . . . .
  • f base f 1 ⁇ f 2 ⁇ f 3 ⁇ f 4 ⁇ f 5 f 1 ⁇ f 2 ⁇ f 3 ⁇ f 4 + f 2 ⁇ f 3 ⁇ f 4 ⁇ f 5 + f 1 ⁇ f 3 ⁇ f 4 ⁇ f 5 + f 1 ⁇ f 2 ⁇ f 4 ⁇ f 5 + f 1 ⁇ f 2 ⁇ f 3 ⁇ f 5 ( 1 )
  • a large cycle (corresponding to the cycle C shown in FIG. 6 ) configured by five cycles different from one another such as T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , and T 5 or T 5 , T 4 , T 3 , T 2 , and T 1 is referred to as combined cycle and f base is referred to as combined frequency.
  • the heating operation mode is a mode for heating the motor 8 making use of an iron loss of the motor 8 .
  • Heating energy due to the iron loss depends on a fundamental frequency of a carrier (a frequency of switching). However, the heating is efficient, for example, if the switching frequency is set to about several kilohertz. If a carrier is generated such that cycles of a plurality of different fundamental frequencies appear in predetermined order as explained above, electromagnetic sound having a frequency that is same as electromagnetic sound that occurs when a carrier frequency is equivalently low.
  • the carrier-frequency switching unit 17 instructs the PWM-signal generating unit 15 to cyclically change the carrier frequency to different values in the predetermined order as explained above. Specifically, because the carrier frequency is changed at each one cycle, the carrier-frequency switching unit 17 instructs timing of a change of the carrier frequency and the next frequency.
  • the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 also uses a carrier in generating a voltage command.
  • the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 can use, for example, a carrier generated by the PWM-signal generating unit 15 .
  • the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 in the heating operation mode, the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 generates voltage commands based on the carrier and the PWM-signal generating unit 15 generates PWM signals based on the voltage commands and the carrier. That is, in the heating operation mode, the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 and the PWM-signal generating unit 15 have a function of a PWM-signal generating unit in a broad sense that generates PWM signals for heating based on the carrier.
  • the fundamental frequency of the electromagnetic sound caused by changing the carrier frequency to different carrier frequencies in order is reduced to a low frequency.
  • the carrier frequency can be changed to be different in a random number manner.
  • the electromagnetic sound is not reduced in a frequency.
  • a plurality of fundamental wave components to be a plurality of peak frequencies are generated, peaks of the electromagnetic sound are dispersed. Therefore, although an overall value, i.e., a so-called overall total value does not change, the peaks are distributed, whereby the electromagnetic sound is not monotonously heard, is not harsh noise, and is heard as dispersed sound as a whole. Therefore, harshness can be improved.
  • the order of the carrier frequencies is arranged such that a difference among frequencies that change at a time does not become excessively large. This is for the purpose of preventing a change in a current change ratio di/dt of an electric current flowing to the motor 8 from increasing because of a large change of a frequency, and causing unnecessary electromagnetic sound. Therefore, a change amount of the frequencies changing at a time is desirably about several kilohertz at most.
  • the carrier frequency is changed such that a cycle (a combined frequency) for changing a plurality of different carrier frequencies in good order becomes a cycle smaller than 20 hertz, which is in an inaudible frequency band on a low frequency side. Consequently it is possible to manage peak frequencies at more accurate frequencies than frequencies obtained when a pattern for artificially changing a frequency is fixedly set.
  • beat sound of the electromagnetic sound by grouping a plurality of different fundamental frequencies into two or more groups and changing the carrier frequency to arrange the groups in predetermined order in the combined cycle.
  • the beat sound is simply generated, harsh sound only increases.
  • the electromagnetic sounds in the respective phases cancel each other, so that the electromagnetic sound caused as noise is reduced. Consequently, it is possible to reduce the frequencies of the peaks of the electromagnetic sound and disperse the peak frequencies.
  • the liquid refrigerant held up in the compressor 1 is heated and vaporized by the motor heating and leaks to the outside of the compressor 1 .
  • the stagnation detecting unit 12 determines, according to the temperature of the refrigerating cycle and the duration of the temperature, whether the refrigerant leak occurs and the refrigerant returns from the stagnation state to the normal state.
  • the stagnation detecting unit 12 notifies the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 to that effect and ends the heating operation mode.
  • the stagnation detecting unit 12 detects that the refrigerant is in the stagnation state
  • the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 shifts to the heating operation mode and generates a voltage command synchronized with the carrier.
  • the PWM-signal generating unit 15 generates, based on the voltage commands and the carrier, PWM signals for controlling the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 of the inverter 9 to prevent all of the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 from being turned off. Therefore, it is possible to form a route for refluxing through the electric motor, efficiently feed a high-frequency current to the electric motor, and efficiently heat the compressor.
  • the heat pump device in this embodiment is not limited to the air conditioner and can be applied to various apparatuses including refrigerating cycles such as a refrigerating machine, a heat pump water heater, and a refrigerator.
  • the carrier-frequency switching unit 17 instructs the PWM-signal generating unit 15 to switch the carrier frequency among the two or more different carrier frequencies.
  • the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 and the PWM-signal generating unit 15 use a carrier generated based on this instruction. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the influence of electromagnetic sound while using the carrier frequency that enables efficient heating.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of a configuration example of a second embodiment of the air conditioner according to the present invention.
  • the air conditioner in this embodiment is the same as the air conditioner in the first embodiment except that the air conditioner in this embodiment includes an inverter control unit 11 a instead of the inverter control unit 11 .
  • the inverter control unit 11 a is the same as the inverter control unit 11 in the first embodiment except that the inverter control unit 11 a includes a PWM-signal correcting unit 18 .
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example of an operation waveform for explaining an operation in this embodiment.
  • an amount of an actual vector is increased only at a predetermined carrier cycle.
  • an output time of V 4 is extended by t 1 .
  • the polarity of an electric current flowing to the motor 8 changes according to an output of actual vectors (the voltage vectors V 4 and V 3 ). That is, unless periods of V 4 and V 3 are the same, the positive and negative polarities of an electric current are unbalanced. Therefore, V 3 is also extended by t 1 according to the extension of the period of V 4 by t 1 . Consequently, it is possible to prevent the positive and negative polarities from being unbalanced.
  • the PWM-signal correcting unit 18 applies correction equivalent to the reduction of the period of V 7 to a signal generated by the PWM-generating unit 15 and outputs the signal to the inverter 9 .
  • the period of V 0 can be reduced by t 1 ⁇ 2 and each of the periods of V 3 and V 4 before and after the period of V 0 can be extended by t 1 .
  • the period of the zero vector can be increased by t 1 ⁇ 2 and each of the periods of V 3 and V 4 before and after the period of the zero vector can be reduced by t 1 .
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example of an operation waveform obtained when correction by the PWM-signal correcting unit 18 is performed. Note that, in the example shown in FIG. 9 , ratios are dispersed from V 0 to the actual vectors unlike the example shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the operation waveform shown in FIG. 9 is an improvement of the operation waveform in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a voltage value at which a voltage command is Hi is changed.
  • a value of Hi is set to a value (A+B) obtained by adding a voltage value B equivalent to t 1 in FIG. 8 to a voltage value A in the case of normal Hi.
  • the zero vector decreases and the actual vectors increase. Consequently, it is possible to increase same amount of duty ratio for two actual vectors while avoiding unbalance of the positive and negative polarities.
  • the electric current primarily increases in only the positive polarity, and the large electric current flows in the positive polarity only in that cycle. Thereafter, if the period of the cycle V 3 and the period of the next cycle V 4 coincide with each other, the unbalance of the positive and negative polarities is eliminated in the next cycle. Thereafter, the operation mode can return to an operation mode in which an amount of the electric current same as the normal amount flows.
  • the even-order harmonic wave is a frequency higher than a fundamental frequency such as secondary and quaternary harmonics. It is possible to superimpose a harmonic wave on an electric current flowing to the motor 8 during the heating operation mode by reducing or increasing one of the zero vectors only instantaneously as explained above and keeping an output time of the actual vectors the same. Moreover, it is possible to superimpose a frequency relatively close to the fundamental wave.
  • the peak sound is concentrated on a modulated frequency by modulating, with some frequency, a predetermined cycle for performing the increase or reduction of the output time of the actual vectors, and peaks of the fundamental wave frequency are dispersed. Consequently, the fundamental wave of the electric current flowing to the motor and the carrier frequency at which the switching elements operate coincide with each other. Therefore, by dispersing electromagnetic sound concentrating on this frequency to other frequencies, it is made possible to reduce the frequency without uselessly increasing the carrier frequency at which the switching elements operate, and consequently, it is made possible to reduce a switching loss.
  • the stagnation detecting unit 12 determines, according to the temperature of the refrigerating cycle and the duration of the temperature, whether the refrigerant leak has occurred and the refrigerant has returned from the stagnation state to the normal state. When determining that the refrigerant has returned from the stagnation state to the normal state, the stagnation detecting unit 12 notifies the high-frequency-alternating-current-voltage generating unit 13 to that effect and ends the heating operation mode.
  • the heating is performed with two losses of the copper loss of the winding wire and the iron loss according to the voltage application to the motor 8 .
  • the winding resistance is small and a heating value due to the copper loss is small, it is necessary to feed a large amount of electric current to the winding wire. Therefore, an electric current flowing to the inverter 9 also increases and an inverter loss becomes excessively large.
  • this embodiment and the first embodiment it is possible to perform heating of the inside of the compression chamber with high efficiency. Therefore, this embodiment and the first embodiment are effective for prevention of the breakage.
  • the period of the zero vector may be reduced and the period of the actual vectors can be increased as explained in this embodiment.
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 3 on the upper side and the switching elements 16 - 4 to 16 - 6 on the lower side in this embodiment and the first embodiment are configured by wide band gap semiconductors such as GaN (gallium nitride), SiC (silicon carbide), and diamond.
  • wide band gap semiconductors such as GaN (gallium nitride), SiC (silicon carbide), and diamond.
  • it is possible to reduce the size of the switching element group because voltage resistance is increased and allowable current density is also increased by using the wide band gap semiconductor.
  • heat resistance is also high, it is also possible to reduce the size of a radiation fin of a heat sink.
  • a switching loss is extremely smaller than a switching loss of a silicon-based semiconductor or the like, the switching elements are suitable for application of a high-frequency voltage, and thus it is made possible to efficiently use the inverter 9 .
  • all of the switching elements on the upper side and the switching elements on the lower side are configured by the wide band gap semiconductors.
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 3 on the upper side or the switching elements 16 - 4 to 16 - 6 on the lower side can be configured by the wide band gap semiconductors.
  • the voltage vector to be the zero vector is arranged to be adjusted to the side where the wide band gap semiconductors are configured. Consequently, it is made possible to reduce a conduction loss caused by a flow of an electric current.
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 6 are configured by elements for switching such as transistors or IGBTs and reflux diodes connected in parallel to the elements.
  • the wide band gap semiconductors can be used only for the reflux diodes connected in inverse parallel to the elements for switching. Further, when the conduction ratio of the diodes in the heating operation mode is lower than that in the normal operation mode, the wide band gap semiconductor can be used only for the elements for switching rather than the reflux diodes.
  • a fan motor for air cooling can be stopped in the heating operation mode.
  • heating for stagnation suppression shifting to the heating operation mode when stagnation is detected
  • operation standby by an amount equivalent to fan motor driving. Consequently, it is made possible to realize a further reduction in standby power.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
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JP7318850B2 (ja) * 2019-11-21 2023-08-01 東洋電機製造株式会社 電力変換装置
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US20160047579A1 (en) * 2014-08-13 2016-02-18 Trane International Inc. Increased Efficiency of Crank Case Heating Using Pulsed Stator Heat
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EP2722613B1 (fr) 2016-08-17
WO2012172684A1 (fr) 2012-12-20
JP5748851B2 (ja) 2015-07-15
EP2722613A4 (fr) 2015-04-22
CN103688116B (zh) 2016-05-04
CN103688116A (zh) 2014-03-26
EP2722613A1 (fr) 2014-04-23
JPWO2012172684A1 (ja) 2015-02-23
US20140174118A1 (en) 2014-06-26

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