Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
  • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
  • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
  • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
  • F42B14/067—Sealing aspects in sabots, e.g. sealing between individual segments of the sabots or sealing between the outer surface of the sabot and the inner surface of the barrel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to launchers of ammunition for small, medium and large caliber weapons and in particular ammunition for hunting weapons.
• Ammunition with an under-calibrated projectile stabilized by a tail unit comprises a launcher whose essential mission is to propel the under-calibrated projectile at the desired speed.
• the aerodynamic forces exerted on the projectile cause the separation of the elements of the launcher and the release of the sub-projectile.
• the launcher elements each follow their own trajectory and fall at varying distances from the weapon.
• the launching elements can impact the ground at a distance of 50 meters from the mouth of the weapon with a distance of no more than 5 meters from the plane shooting.
• the elements of the launcher can have a length of up to 400 millimeters. The materials used for these elements are different from those constituting the sub-projectile thus causing differential expansions in a temperature range of 110 ° C and more.
• the elements of the launcher separate from the sub-projectile mainly thanks to the aerodynamic forces which are exerted on the front part of said elements.
• the elements of the launcher open from front to rear by resting on the sub-projectile.
• the ballistic dispersion of the latter is essentially linked to the quality of the opening of the elements of the launcher e. to the mass of the latter, these parameters conditioning the shock of the opening.
• the mass of an element of the launcher relative to the mass of the sub-projectile is of the order of 0.20 for tank ammunition and 0.10 for French arrow-type hunting ammunition cited above. These ratios remain too high to ensure low ballistic dispersion of the sub-projectile.
• the purpose of the present invention is to:
• the invention relates to a launch system for ammunition comprising a feathered sub-projectile, ammunition which can be fired by a smooth, weakly or heavily rifled weapon of small, medium or large caliber and in particular for a hunting weapon, a system consisting of several elements.
• launching system characterized in that it comprises at least one ring-launcher arranged on the side of the head of the sub-projectile and integral in translation with the latter, at least one mobile ring-launcher capable of moving along the projectile under the effect of the thrust of the gases of propulsion, and a sealing device arranged between the ring secured to the sub-projectile and the movable ring and sealing devices arranged between the movable rings.
• the launching system is characterized in that the mobile rings are capable of moving along the sub-projectile by a determined length to ensure the compression of the sealing devices and their radial expansion.
• the launch system is characterized in that:
• the length of movement of the movable rings relative to the sub-projectile is given by a relative clearance between the teeth of the sub-projectile and the grooves of the movable rings.
• the compressibility of the sealing devices ensures slight compression of the propellant charge during the cartridge filling.
• the surfaces of the ring integral in translation with the sub-projectile and the movable ring in contact with the sealing device comprise chamfers.
• the surfaces of the ring integral in translation with the sub-projectile and the movable ring in contact with the sealing device comprise parallel chamfers.
• the ring secured in translation of the sub-projectile and the intermediate movable rings comprise bearings on which the sealing devices bear in order to maintain the elements of the launcher rings during the cartridge filling.
• the last movable ring disposed towards the empennage comprises a circular bearing cooperating with notches of the body of the empennage to ensure the maintenance of the elements of the ring during the cartoning.
• a shouldered ring is disposed between the sealing device and the ring secured in translation of the sub-projectile.
• the shouldered ring serves to center the movable ring so as to obtain a diametral clearance between the movable ring and the sub-projectile.
• Figure 1 is a half-sectional view of ammunition according to the present invention
• Figure 2 is a half-sectional view showing the projectile before the cartridge filling
• Figure 3 is a half-sectional view showing the configuration of the projectile at the limit of the disruption
• Figure 4 is a half-sectional view of the projectile during its course in the barrel of the weapon shortly before the threshold of the maximum pressure
• FIG. 5 represents the projectile shortly after the exit from the barrel of the weapon during the separation of the elements of the launching rings
• Figure 6 specifies the drop area of the elements of the ring-launchers
• Figures 7, 8 and 9 show variants of the sealing device of the invention seen in half-section.
• Figure 10 is a half-section view showing an embodiment allowing the elements of the launching rings to be locked together.
• Figure 11 is an enlarged half-view of Figure 10 at the rear latch Figure 12 is a cross section along AA of Figure 11
• FIG. 13 is a half-section view showing an example of an ammunition fired from a tube with a strongly striped core.
• FIG. 14 is a half-section view of a projectile having a launching system composed of several launcher rings and several seals
• Figures 15, 16 and 17 are cross sections along BB, CC and DD of Figure 14 Figures 1 to 12 and 14 to 17 listed above show an ammunition for hunting weapon with smooth or lightly rifled bore of caliber 12 , 16 or 20 for example.
• FIG. 13 represents an ammunition for hunting or war weapons with a strongly striped soul.
• Figure 1 shows in half-section a munition 1 introduced into the chamber of the weapon 2 and constituted by a socket 3 of metallic material, plastic, cardboard or combustible material carrying a primer not shown.
• the socket 3 contains the propellant powder 4 and a projectile 5 constituted by a sub-projectile 6 carrying a tail 7, by a launch system 8 composed of two launcher rings 9 and 10 and by a sealing device 11.
• the ring-launcher 9 is arranged on the side of the head of the sub-projectile 6 while the ring 10 is located on the tail side 7 of the sub-projectile 6.
• the launching rings 9 and 10 made for example of nylon or of another type of plastic material, loaded or not, having the advantage of limiting mechanical friction, are constituted for each of them by two identical halves, intended to separate longitudinally at the exit of the weapon under the effect of the pressure of the acting air, in order on the front of the ring-launcher 9 then on the front of the ring-launcher 10 after ejection of the device seal 11.
• the launcher rings 9 and 10 have on their outer surface several small sliding bearings 12 (of the order of 0.3 millimeters for a 12 caliber hunting ammunition) separated by grooves 13. At the ends of each ring- launcher are produced guide bearings 14 of larger size (2 to 3 millimeters for the same ammunition).
• the front part 15 of the launcher ring 9 is arranged to allow the realization of a conventional crimping of the sleeve and to allow the impact protection of the head of the sub-projectile 6.
• the rear part 16 of the ring- launcher 9 and the front part 17 of the launcher ring 10 have surfaces perpendicular to the axis of the ammunition, circular and identical.
• the rear part 18 of the launcher ring 10 has a cone to allow aid for the longitudinal separation of the elements of the launcher ring 10 by the expansion of the propellant gases from the exit of the projectile 5 from the barrel 2 .
• the launching rings 9 and 10 include other grooves 19 which cooperate with the teeth 20 made on the sub-projectile 6, the latter becoming completely integral in translation with the launching rings during the course of the projectile 5 in the core 21 of the weapon 2 tube (see FIG. 4).
• the launcher ring 9 is secured in translation of the sub-projectile 6 while the launcher ring 10 remains movable in translation on the projectile 6 of an equal value to b.
• Launcher rings 9 and 10 also include centralizing bearings 22 combined with the sub-projectile 6.
• the sealing device 11 constituted by a ring for example made of flexible polyurethane with a thickness e after encasing, thickness judiciously determined as a function of its capacity for crushing with radial expansion under a low load, its sealing qualities during the combustion phase of the propellant powder and its ability to tear, is centered internally on the cylindrical part 23 of the sub-projectile.
• the parts 16 and 17 of the launcher rings 9 and 10 come into contact with the lateral faces of the sealing device 11.
• the launcher ring 9 is in contact with the teeth 20 Located at the front of the sub-projectile 6 while the launcher ring 10 has no contact at the level of the teeth 20 located at the rear of the same sub- projectile. The game observed at this level is noted a.
• the ammunition 1 is placed in the chamber of the weapon 2, the propellant charge 4 contained in the casing 3 is ignited by the percussion of the primer;
• the pressure P of the gases, generated by the combustion of said charge, increases and is exerted on the rear face 18 of the ring-launcher 10 and on the tail unit 7, thus allowing the crushing and the radial expansion of the sealing device 11 by means of the ring-launcher 10 which is free longitudinally and of the ring-launcher 9 secured to the sub-projectile 6 and locked in the socket 3 by means of the bead 24 of the socket produced during the crimping of ammunition.
• the projectile 5 When the pressure P becomes greater than the pressure necessary for the dismantling, the projectile 5 is ejected from the casing and is introduced into the core 21 of the barrel of the weapon 2. At the time of the dismantling the games b specified in FIG. 1 are reduced and become c. In this configuration, the thickness of the sealing device 11 is reduced by the value b-c, it therefore becomes f.
• the projectile 5 is propelled into the core 21 of the barrel of the weapon 2 thanks to the pressure P generated by the combustion of the propellant charge 4.
• This pressure continues to increase in the tube to a maximum perfectly determinable by a person skilled in the art.
• the ring-launcher 10 comes into contact with the teeth 20 located at the rear of the sub-projectile 6 thus making it possible to participate in the mechanical behavior of the launching system at high pressures .
• the clearances c specified in FIG. 3 are therefore zero and the thickness of the sealing device 11 becomes g.
• elements 25 and 26 of the launcher ring 9 and elements 27 and 28 of the launcher ring 10 separate from the sub-projectile 6 thanks to the combined effects of the aerodynamic forces fA and the expansion of the propellant gases pB acting on the elements of the said launching rings. Due to its low tear resistance, the sealing device 11 is ejected in the form of fragments 29.
• the sub-projectile 6 thus released can achieve the intended objective.
• FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 give other embodiments of the sealing device 11.
• the latter may be in one piece (see FIG. 8) or in several annular elements 30 joined together and of different hardnesses (FIG. 7). Primers of rupture can be practiced on the sides of said device to allow a better fragmentation at the opening of the launching system just at the exit of the barrel of the weapon.
• the materials used for the sealing device can be, for example, flexible polyurethanes associated or not with rigid polyurethanes as well as rubbers and elastomers of variable hardness.
• Figures 7 and 8 show a particular embodiment of the sealing device for which, in addition to the sealing device 11 described above, the launcher rings 9 and 10 have respective chamfers 31, 32, 33 and 34 including the main function is to allow better expansion of the sealing device 11.
• Figure 9 depicts another particular form.
• the launcher rings 9 and 10 have chamfers 35 and 36 arranged in parallel so as to allow:
• Figures 10, 11 and 12 show another embodiment of the invention allowing the locking of the launcher rings between them to facilitate handling during cartridge filling.
• the ring-launcher 9 is locked on the sub-projectile 6 thanks to the sealing device 11 of annular shape mounted sliding on the bearing 37 secured to said ring-launcher.
• the launcher ring 10, bearing on the sealing device 11 slides on the bearing 37 by its bore 38.
• Two notches 39 mounted in opposition and integral with the body of the tail unit 7 cooperate with the circular bearing 40 integral with the 'ring-launcher 10.
• Slopes 41,42,43 and 44 judiciously placed on the notches 39 and the circular bearing 40 allow an easy snap-fastening of the elements of the ring-launcher 10 by simple manual pressure. Thanks to the energy returned by the prestressed sealing device 11 during mounting, the elements of the launcher ring 10 remain constantly in contact at the slopes 43 and 44. In this configuration; the clearances h are smaller than the clearances specified in FIG. 2 and the thickness i of the sealing device 11 is smaller by the same value.
• the launcher-ring 10 is unlocked due to its mobility in translation and the operation of the ammunition remains identical to that described above.
• FIG. 13 represents an ammunition based on the principle of the invention but capable of being fired in the tube of a heavily rifled weapon.
• the device d seal 11 is mounted on a ring shouldered 45 called grain, for example plastic alloy, which ring is mounted with a clearance j on the bearing 37 of the launcher ring 9.
• the launcher ring 10 has a bore 46 which can slide on the shouldered part of the ring 45. Games k are arranged between the sub-projectile 6 and the launcher ring 10.
• launcher rings 9 placed in series and located at the head of the sub-projectile 6 and several launcher rings 10 also placed in series located on the tail section 7 of the sub-projectile 6.
• L the launcher ring 9, closest to the launcher ring 10, is separated from the latter by the sealing device 11.
• Other sealing devices 11 can separate the launcher rings 10 movable in translation.
• launcher rings 9 and 10 may have a number of elements greater than or equal to 2 for each of them. Furthermore, each launcher ring 9 or 10 may have a different number of elements.
• FIG. 14 illustrates the above description and FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 show a different number of elements on the one hand for the rings 9 between them and on the other hand for the rings 9 and 10.
• the invention described in this document applied to hunting ammunition can be adapted to any other type of small, medium and large caliber ammunition.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
• Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Toys (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9396951

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (4)

• 1990
  • 1990-05-19 FR FR9006535A patent/FR2662241B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1991
  • 1991-05-17 WO PCT/FR1991/000398 patent/WO1991018256A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1991-05-17 AT AT91910272T patent/ATE129804T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-05-17 AU AU79694/91A patent/AU7969491A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-05-17 ES ES91910272T patent/ES2082208T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-05-17 EP EP91910272A patent/EP0530287B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-05-17 DE DE69114288T patent/DE69114288T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (4)

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