WO1993008428A1 - Appareil chauffe-eau - Google Patents

Appareil chauffe-eau Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993008428A1
WO1993008428A1 PCT/FI1992/000280 FI9200280W WO9308428A1 WO 1993008428 A1 WO1993008428 A1 WO 1993008428A1 FI 9200280 W FI9200280 W FI 9200280W WO 9308428 A1 WO9308428 A1 WO 9308428A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
tank
channel assembly
heating
flow tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1992/000280
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hannu Koskela
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1993008428A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993008428A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • F24H9/0021—Sleeves surrounding heating elements or heating pipes, e.g. pipes filled with heat transfer fluid, for guiding heated liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for heating water according the claim 1.
  • a conventional water heater i.e. a hot water boiler is generally provided with a vertical cylindrical tank having tube connections for supplying cold water into the tank on the one hand and for leading hot water out of the tank on the other hand.
  • the cold water tube is generally led into the lower part of the tank and, respectively, the end of the hot water tube is placed in the upper part of the tank. This kind of disposition is natural since hot water is always bound to move upward.
  • Water is heated by means of a heating unit which can be for e.g. an electric resistance, which transforms the through-going electric current into resistance heat which is transferred to the surrounding water.
  • a Swiss patent publication 524115 presents such a water heater which has a vertical flow tube and a resistance heater inside.
  • the flow tube conducts heated water along the tube to the upper part of the tank.
  • the tank is additionally provided with thermostats, the first one of which being situated in the upper part of the tank and the second one in the lower part thereof. Heating power of the heater can be alternatively controlled by either the upper or the lower thermostat.
  • the apparatus is aimed at an operation wherein heating is controlled by the lower thermostat in night use and by the upper thermostat in day use, respectively.
  • the apparatus is not capable of producing quickly hot water because water flows continuously through the flow tube having time to heat only a little while it passes the heating resistance. Furthermore, continuous flow causes mixing of the water in the tank.
  • the invention relates to such a heater for water or other liquids wherein hot water, heated by the heating unit, is conducted through a channel to the upper part of the tank near to the hot water connection tube. Therefore, immediately after switching on the water heater, which is full of cold water, the heating unit starts heating water which is conducted straight to the hot water connection tube, more specificly to the proximity of the hot water tube in the upper part of the tank, wherefrom it can be immediately taken into use.
  • the channel assembly and particulary the control unit therein prevents any significant mixing of hot water with the cold water in the lower and middle parts of the tank.
  • the control unit controls flow and establishes such a flow with no essential mixing of hot and cold water in the upper part of the tank.
  • the control unit functions according to a thermostat principle. This is beneficial in that water that goes through the flow channel has a temperature which is at least the set value given to the control unit. Therefore, the water that flows to the upper part of the tank has the desired temperature at the beginning of heating. This solution makes operation of the water heater very flexible.
  • the water heater according to the invention is capable of heating approximately 50 1 water to a temperature of 55°C in the upper part of the tank in 35 minutes from the time the water heater is switched on. In this case the average temperature of the tank is only about 30 ⁇ C. Therefore, it is obvious that the water heater according to the invention presents a notable improvement for the user and operation of the water heater is much more flexible compared to water heaters of prior art.
  • a water heater according to the invention which had power of 3 kW, enabled a situation wherein hot water was continuously taken out of the tank at a rate of 0,85 1/min while temperature of hot water remained 55°C higher than that of cold water in the tank.
  • fig. 1 shows an apparatus according to the invention partly cross-sectioned
  • fig. 2 and 3 present results from tests with the apparatus according to the invention.
  • the apparatus for heating water which in the following will be called a water heater, comprises a cylindrical tank which is vertically mounted on its base.
  • a cold water connection 2 and a hot water connection 3 lead into the tank from the lower part of the tank 1.
  • the cold water connection 2 comprises a tube extending to the lower part of the tank 1 and, correspondingly, the hot water connection 3 comprises a tube extending to the upper part of the tank.
  • a heating unit 4 is mounted in the lower part of the tank 1 preferrably in the middle of the tank.
  • An immersion heater which is in direct connection with the water in the tank and which operates according to the principle of a resistance heater, functions as the heating unit 4.
  • a control thermostat 9 is provided in the lower part of the tank close to the heating unit 4 for controlling operation of the heating unit 4.
  • the tank accommodates a flow channel assembly which, in the examplary case, comprises an essentially vertical flow tube 7 having the same diameter from one end to the other.
  • the flow tube 7 has such a diameter that it accommodates the heating unit 4 and the control thermostat 9.
  • the diameter of the flow tube 7 depends on the power of the electric resistance. When a high power resistance is used, a flow tube with a larger diameter is needed than in case of a low power resistance.
  • the flow tube 7 is made of a heat insulating material like e.g. a plastic.
  • the first end i.e. the lower end 5 of the flow tube 7 is open so that cold water in the lower part of the tank 1 can easily get into the flow tube 7.
  • cold water flows under the flow tube 7 through openings 8 along the path indicated by arrows.
  • the second end i.e. the upper end 10 of the flow tube 7 extends to the upper part of the tank 1 so that the second end 10 of the flow tube 7 is close to the upper end 11 of the hot water tube. Then, the hot water going up along the flow tube 7 is carried, along the path indicated by arrows, close to the upper part 11 of the hot water tube wherefrom it can be immediately led out through the hot water tube 3. Part of the hot water which comes from the other end 10 of the flow tube 7 starts filling the upper part of the tank 1 displacing cold water in the upper part of the tank so that the boundary between cold and hot water starts lowering in the tank 1.
  • a control unit 12 whereby the flow through the flow tube 7 is controlled.
  • a thermostat valve serves as the control unit comprising e.g. a wax-filled bellows 14, a collar 15 attached to the flow tube 7 and provided with a gasket, and a moving disk 13 connected to the bellows.
  • the valve is a so-called self adjusting valve.
  • the thermostat valve 12 In the beginning, when the water heater full of cold water is switched on, the thermostat valve 12 is fully closed preventing flow of water through the valve. As the water in the lower part of the flow tube 7 gets warmer, the wax in the bellows 14 of the thermostat 12 expands and the thermostat valve 12 opens and water starts flowing to the upper part of the flow tube 7 and further to the upper part of the tank l. Naturally, the flow of water in the flow tube 7 is the stronger the larger the flow opening 6 of the valve 12 is at each instant. As the flow in the beginning tends to get too strong, water in the flow tube 7 cools and the wax in the bellows 14 contracts so that the opening of the thermostat valve 12 becomes smaller and, at the same time, the flow gets smaller to correspond the power of the electric resistance. Therefore, position of the thermostat valve 12 depends on the temperature of the water flowing in the flow tube 7.
  • the thermostat valve 12 can be e.g. of such a type that it is fully closed when the temperature is 53°C and fully open when the temperature is 57°C.
  • the control thermostat 9 is given a set value of 80°C and the thermostat valve 12 is given that of 55°C. Then water in the tank first warms to a temperature of 55°C from the top to the bottom and then, as the thermostat valve 12 is now fully open, water warms from 55°C to 80°C. As the whole volume of water in the tank 1 has reached a sufficiently high temperature, the control thermostat 9 in the vicinity of the heating unit 4 switches off the heating unit 4.
  • the set value for the control thermostat is generally 55-80"C but lower and also a little higher set values can be used. In connection with the control thermostat, there is provided a safety guard for overheating which switches off the current if temperature for some reason rises too high e.g. over 95°C.
  • the water heater according to the invention functions in the following way. As the water heater is switched on, there will be an electric current through the heating unit 4 having the effect that the heating unit 4 gets hot.
  • Figure 2 shows the measured curves from a heating test which lasted 7 hours altogether.
  • the uppermost curve was measured in the upper part of the tank and the lowest curve, respectively, in the lower part of the tank when a flow tube and a thermostat valve was used in the water heater.
  • the middle curve is the temperature of the upper part from a reference test in which there was no flow tube according to the invention nor a thermostat valve therein.
  • Figure 2 shows that the temperature of the water in the upper part of the tank, the temperature being about 12°C at the beginning of the test, rose in 10 minutes to a temperature of 45-50 °C. Correspondingly, the temperature in the lower part of the tank remained almost the same nearly for 6 hours.
  • FIG. 3 shows results of measurements during the first 10 minutes from a heating test according to example 1. Temperatures were measured below the thermostat valve and in the upper part of the tank. The upper curve, resembling a saw tooth, shows how a thermostat valve operates. When the thermostat valve is closed and the temperature rises to the set value of 55°C, the thermostat valve opens and hot water flows into the upper part of the tank and, respectively, cold water flows to the thermostat valve which then closes. After this, water below the thermostat valve starts to warm again and within a minute it warms to 55"C whereupon the thermostat valve opens and so on. It is already after a few minutes that the temperature in the upper part of the tank starts to rise and in 10 minutes it has already reached a temperature of 50 °C.
  • a flow tube was used in the test which was made of polypropylene with a diameter of about 75 mm and a wall thickness of 6,5 mm.
  • the flow channel is not necessarily a wide vertical tube but it can be shaped to another form e.g. having a multi-branched tube channel assembly at the lower end.
  • This solution comes into question when more than one heating units are used.
  • location of the heating unit and the flow tube, respectively, in the tank can be freely chosen.
  • the flow tube can be e.g. attached close to the wall of the tank or even outside of the tank to form a separate tube branch.
  • the invention can be used in single tariff water heaters as well as in double tariff water heaters.
  • a second control thermostat is installed to the wall of tank 1 to a height of e.g. 3/4, this thermostat also controlling operation of the heating unit 4.
  • the second thermostat switches off the current of the heating unit when the boundary between cold and hot water reaches up to the second thermostat. Therefore, higher tariff energy is used only for heating small quantities of water.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil chauffe-eau comportant un réservoir à eau (1), une canalisation (2) servant à introduire l'eau dans le réservoir, une canalisation (3) servant à évacuer l'eau chauffée, une unité (4) de chauffage de l'eau dans le réservoir (1), et un ensemble à tuyau (7) servant à guider la montée de l'eau chauffée par l'unité de chauffage (4), jusqu'à ce qu'elle atteigne une zone d'où elle est évacuée du réservoir (1). L'ensemble à tuyau (7) est pourvu d'une unité (12) de régulation du débit de l'eau dans ledit ensemble à tuyau (7).
PCT/FI1992/000280 1991-10-25 1992-10-20 Appareil chauffe-eau Ceased WO1993008428A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI915035A FI915035A7 (fi) 1991-10-25 1991-10-25 Foerfarande och anordning foer uppvaermning av vatten eller naogon annan vaetska
FI915035 1991-10-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993008428A1 true WO1993008428A1 (fr) 1993-04-29

Family

ID=8533362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1992/000280 Ceased WO1993008428A1 (fr) 1991-10-25 1992-10-20 Appareil chauffe-eau

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2879592A (fr)
FI (1) FI915035A7 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993008428A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0969255A3 (fr) * 1998-07-01 2002-07-10 Konvekta AG Installation avec pompe à chaleur et accumulateur

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH289319A (de) * 1953-02-20 1953-03-15 Uhlmann Geb Heisswasserspeicher.
FR1086317A (fr) * 1953-07-06 1955-02-11 Perfectionnement aux chauffe-eau électriques par accumulation
CH524115A (fr) * 1971-05-24 1972-06-15 Cipag S A Appareil chauffe-eau à accumulation
DE2241220A1 (de) * 1971-09-10 1973-03-29 Gustavsbergs Fabriker Ab Waermeaustauscher fuer fluessigkeit unter ueberdruck

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH289319A (de) * 1953-02-20 1953-03-15 Uhlmann Geb Heisswasserspeicher.
FR1086317A (fr) * 1953-07-06 1955-02-11 Perfectionnement aux chauffe-eau électriques par accumulation
CH524115A (fr) * 1971-05-24 1972-06-15 Cipag S A Appareil chauffe-eau à accumulation
DE2241220A1 (de) * 1971-09-10 1973-03-29 Gustavsbergs Fabriker Ab Waermeaustauscher fuer fluessigkeit unter ueberdruck

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0969255A3 (fr) * 1998-07-01 2002-07-10 Konvekta AG Installation avec pompe à chaleur et accumulateur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI915035A7 (fi) 1993-04-26
AU2879592A (en) 1993-05-21
FI915035A0 (fi) 1991-10-25

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