WO1994010848A1 - Dispositif servant a enlever les aretes - Google Patents

Dispositif servant a enlever les aretes

Info

Publication number
WO1994010848A1
WO1994010848A1 PCT/SE1993/000955 SE9300955W WO9410848A1 WO 1994010848 A1 WO1994010848 A1 WO 1994010848A1 SE 9300955 W SE9300955 W SE 9300955W WO 9410848 A1 WO9410848 A1 WO 9410848A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
counter pressure
pressure element
bones
lip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1993/000955
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jan SÖDERLIND
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE9203354A external-priority patent/SE500531C2/sv
Priority claimed from SE9303285A external-priority patent/SE9303285D0/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP93924894A priority Critical patent/EP0680261A1/fr
Priority to US08/424,474 priority patent/US5525101A/en
Priority to AU54396/94A priority patent/AU5439694A/en
Publication of WO1994010848A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994010848A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
    • A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
    • A22C25/00—Processing fish ; Curing of fish; Stunning of fish by electric current; Investigating fish by optical means
    • A22C25/16—Removing fish-bones; Filleting fish
    • A22C25/166—Removing loose pin bones, e.g. from fish fillets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for removing bones from meat, noteably from fish and in particular it relates to removing so called pin bones or belly bones from fish meat, e.g. from divided fresh or smoked fish filets.
  • This known device comprises a housing in which a rotateable, cylindrical element is provided.
  • the housing has an opening which exposes part of the envelope surface of the cylinder.
  • the cylinder which is provided with a plurality of holes for receiving fish bones to be removed, is rotated in the housing, and when the device is moved across the surface of a fish filet, fish bones will be caught in the holes in the cylinder.
  • a counter-pressure device in the shape of a tounge or lip, which is arranged adjacent the surface of the cylinder, and forms a narrow gap between the tounge and the cylinder surface, but which has the ability to yield further to some extent. In this gap the fish bone is squeezed and moved into the housing, where a vacuum suction device conveys the bone further away to a collecting receptacle.
  • the machine is provided with a housing, which is necessary to contain the angular gear required for the cylin ⁇ der to be operated according to desire.
  • This housing is manu ⁇ factured of metal, which makes the total weight of the machine high.
  • it is a very complicated process to work the housing to the desired structure. It is in fact not possible (at a reasonable cos ) to mold or in any other way shape the housing. Due to the complicated manufacture the cost of manu ⁇ facture for the housing becomes very high.
  • Another problem is that the fishbones, once they have been caught by the machine, are conveyed along the periferi of the cylinder and enters the interior of the housing, where they must change direction before they are sucked out. This may lead to that the bones get stuck inside the housing and in gradually block the exit, which leads to an operation inter ⁇ ruption.
  • a detail that raises the price of the known machine further is the construction of the cylinder. It is milled from one piece of solid metal to the desired shape, i.e. a cylinder with one closed side wall. This is costly both because of the material consumption and the time necessary for milling.
  • the cylinder which in one embodiment is provided with a plurality of holes for receiving e.g. pin-bones to be removed, is rotated, and when the apparatus is moved across the surface of a fish fillet, bones will be caught by the holes in the cylinder, and 'squee ⁇ zed' in the nip between the cylinder and an element in the form of a tounge or a lip, which is in slight pressure contact with the cylinder surface.
  • This tongue or lip is slightly resilient to accommodate the bones therebetween.
  • uncovered means that the cylinder is mounted without a surrounding housing
  • the axial drive according to the invention additionally con ⁇ tributes to an improvement of the ergonomy during work, in that the arm with which the operator holds the machine does not have to be positioned with the elbow elevated, which is the case with the previously known machine.
  • the device according to the invention functions satisfactorily for most applications, except for removing bones from cod, haddock, pollack and the like. Furthermore, productivity in terms of the number of fillets that can be processed per time unit is however not optimal, and thus there is a need for improvment in that respect. It has also shown in practice that the suction tubing very easily may become packed with meat residues, that inevitably will be left on the bones, when the mentioned types of fish are treated. Because the vacuum will remove much of the liquid in the meat residues, the proteins in said residues will become 'cemente ' to a very hard 'cake' , which only with great difficulty can be removed from the tubing. Also the surface of the cylinder may become coated with such dried, cemented proteins, and as a consequence the cylinder will act more or less as a sand paper, having dete ⁇ riorating effects on the surface of the fillets.
  • an improved cylinder for a fishbone picker defined in claim 9.
  • the cylinder is provided with a plurality of recesses running across its envelope surface, substantially in its longitudinal direction, said recesses having at least one sharp edge along the joining line between the envelope surface and the inner surface of the recess.
  • the cylinder there is a step-like formation provided along at least one of its edges, joining said envelope surface, thereby creating two sharp edges. This gives a better grip of the bone and increases efficiency.
  • means for washing away bones and residues with water is used for the removal of bones and other residues from the apparatus instead of the vacuum suction of the prior art device.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art device according to SE-467 904;
  • Fig. 2 shows the pin bone remover according to the invention in a perspective view from above;
  • Fig. 3 shows the construction of the cylin ⁇ der in detail
  • Figs. 4a and b show the construction of the tounge in detail;
  • Fig. 4c shows the resilient mounting of the tounge;
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the device according to one aspect of the invention, provided with the improved cylinder accor ⁇ ding to a further aspect of the present in ⁇ vention;
  • Fig. 6 is a top view of the cylinder showing the recesses forming an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder;
  • Fig. 7 is a side view of the cylinder ac ⁇ cording to the invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the encircled part in Fig. 7, showing one recess with its step-like formation;
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of another embo ⁇ diment with steps on both edges of the re ⁇ cess.
  • Fig. 10 shows the action of the cylinder on a pin-bone during removal thereof.
  • a pin bone remover 1 according to SE-467904, comprises a cylinder 2, the envelope surface of which is provided with radial bores 3.
  • the cylinder 2 is rotateably supported/carried in a bearing in a housing 4.
  • the housing 4 is provided with an opening 5, in which the cylinder 2 with its bores 3 is ex ⁇ posed.
  • a tube shaped handle 8 contains an air driven rotation motor and a reduction gear.
  • the shaft 9 of the reduction gear trans- mitts the rotational movement to the cylinder 2 via an angular gear 10 provided in the housing 5.
  • the pin bone remover 21 has in principle the same design as the known apparatus, with a handle 28, in which preferably an electric motor (not shown) is provided.
  • a sui ⁇ table speed of rotation for the cylinder is 100-400 rpm.
  • a mounting plate 30 is provided on the handle, and the driving shaft 29 runs in a bore through said mounting plate.
  • a counter pressure element 26 is resiliently suspended on the mounting plate 30 (described in detail below), and bears against the envelope surface 22a of the cylinder 22.
  • the device according to the invention lacks an apparatus housing, i.e. the cylinder 22 is completely uncovered.
  • the operator's view is not obscured by the housing in use, i.e. the operator can at all times watch what is happening during the picking of bones from the meat, which leads to that a number of "failed" attempts to pick a bone is substantially reduced and in practice eliminated. 3.
  • the operator will have en ergonomically better operating position and because of the reduction in weight the work becomes less taxing.
  • the cylinder 22 in the pin bone remover according to the invention has been simplified in comparison with the cylinder of the known device.
  • the latter is manufactured by means of milling from a piece of solid metal.
  • the cylinder simply can be manufactured from a steel tube, simply by cutting tubing to suitable dimension and to work the blanks in a suitable way.
  • E.g. are holes 23 made in a particular pattern (described below).
  • a cylindrical central piece 24 of a suitable plastic, e.g. DELRIN (trademark belonging to ACETAL) is formed with a sligthly smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the cylinder, and is pressed into the finished cylinder 22.
  • the mounting of the cylinder/central piece 22/24 on the driving shaft is done by means of a crescent-shaped pin (not shown) fitting in a hole in the central piece 24 shaped in a similar way, which effectively prevent inadvertent turning of the shaft 29 and makes it easy to mount and dis ⁇ mount the cylinder 22.
  • each hole 23 consists of an elongated, narrow recess 23a, which is created by milling, and in one edge of which a counterbore 23b has been milled, whereby a funnellike formation is created.
  • This is of importance for the ability to pick up bones sticking up from the fish meat. Because the bones extending up from the fish meat does not all point in the same direction, there should be a "catching” or “guiding” means, guiding the bones into the holes 23a.
  • said funnelli- ke counterbore will constitue exactly such a "catching means", in that the machine is moved in the
  • the pattern in which the holes 23 are distributed is not particularly critical, but in order to achieve the best effect the holes 23 should be elongated, placed in line with each other, both along the circumference and cross the surface.
  • the funnellike "guiding means" should be designed such that their contours practically touches each other.
  • the envelope surface 22a of the cylinder may be blasted, but this is not essential to the function.
  • the counter pressure element (or bottom plate) 26 in the device according to the invention has been simplified sub ⁇ stantially in several respects compared to the counter pressu ⁇ re element of the known device. It is necessary that said counter pressure device be somewhat resilient, i.e. that it yields a little when a bone passes between the surface of the cylinder 22 and the lip 27 of the counter pressure element.
  • the counter pressure element is mounted on two pins 25a-b. These pins are screwed into a mounting plate 30, which is provided on the handle 28, between the handle and the cylinder, and through which the output driving shaft 29 from the motor runs. In one embodiment both pins can be provided with two recesses 31, in which O-rings 32 fits.
  • O-rings (conventional ones made of rubber, silico- ne or the like) have such properties that they allow the counter pressure element to spring somewhat both in the longi ⁇ tudinal direction of the counter pressure element 27, both also in the radial direction (with respect to the cylinder 22).
  • There ⁇ by the counter pressure element will turn around the front pin 25b when a bone is brought in between lip and cylinder.
  • a locking pin may be used to fix the counter pressure element 26 to the pins.
  • the lip 27 of the counter pressure element is further con ⁇ structed in such a way that it exhibits a radius of curvature which is equal to or somewhat larger than the radius of curva ⁇ ture of the cylinder 22. Thereby the lip 27 will bear against the cylinder over a limited part of the extension of the lip, whereby the front edge 27b of the lip 27 exhibits the largest pressing force against the cylinder. This is preferred in order to achieve the required pulling force when a bone is squeezed between the counter pressure element 26 and the cylinder 22.
  • the curvature of the surface 27a, of the lip, bearing against the cylinder 22 can have an extension along the surface of the cylinder 22 amounting to about 30° along the cylinder surface, but this angular measure is not critical but can be varied to some extent, e.g. depending on the type of fish and the size of bones. For most filets, i.e. in sizes ranging from 100 to 6000 g it is possible to use one and the same counter pressure element.
  • a front edge 27b of the lip 27 is further constructed in a particular way, shown in a magni ⁇ fied detail view in Fig. 4b. The thickness of the front edge is about 0,75 mm in the preferred embodiment. The tip has been given a rounding with a diameter corresponding to said thick ⁇ ness.
  • the upper side of the front edge 27b has been bevelled at an angle of preferably 60° down to the center point of the thickness, i.e. to 0,375 mm.
  • the front edge 27b consists of an inclined, flat upper surface, and a rounded lower side.
  • the bevelling is of importance for the ability of the machine to catch the fish bones when it is moved across the surface of a filet.
  • a rounding on the lower side prevents the fish meat from being damaged when the machine is moved across its surface.
  • a suction tube 33 For conveying away removed bones there is a suction tube 33 arranged with its mouth adjacent the position where the bones exits the space between the cylinder 22 and the lip 27 of the counter pressure element 26 (Fig. 2).
  • the suction tube is connected to a conventional vacuum equipment (suitable power about 0,5 k ) for achieving suction and will not be described further.
  • the device according to the present invention functions satisfactorily also without suc ⁇ tion equipment, which is a difference compared to the pre ⁇ viously known apparatus, which due to its apparatus housing must have a continuous and efficient removal of bones, in order to function. Without suction it would rather quickly become blocked by bones sticking.
  • a scraping unit comprising a holder 35 and a scraping means 36 in the form of a thin plastic sheet (e.g. of DELRIN).
  • This scraping means removes from the surface of the cylinder 22 residues of fish meat that may accompany the bones and get stuck on the surfa ⁇ ce.
  • the device can also be used for removing quills from killed turkeys, chickens, ducks etc.
  • the device may be used for scoring pork buttock, which today is carried out manually.
  • the new cylinder 40 for use with the known device, and shown in Figs. 6-9, is provided with a plurality of recesses 41 run ⁇ ning across the envelope surface 43 of the cylinder 40, sub ⁇ stantially in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder.
  • the recesses form an angle with the longitudinal axis (see Fig. 6), preferably of around 18°.
  • the recesses 41 have a cross section of a circle segment.
  • the radius of curvature of the cross section is approximately 2,5 mm, but of course the radius can vary in a wide range depen ⁇ ding on the type and size of fillets and the accompanying bones.
  • Fig. 10 is shown a fillet in cross section and a pin-bone 45. After filleting the pin-bone extends approximately 1 mm out from the meat, at the most.
  • the pin-bone consists of a tube of relatively hard material, and in the tube nerve stri ⁇ ngs 46 run. If the cylinder 40 is to successfully grasp the pin-bone 45, the edge of the recess 41 has to be able to cut in the hard material and create a small notch 14 therein, whereby the bone can be pulled up to the nip between the cylinder 40 and the tounge of the device.
  • Fig. 8 the step 47 is shown in detail.
  • the radius of curvature of each edge 50, 51 is preferably 0,1 mm. If the edegs are sharper, the pin bones will be cut off instead of pulled out. Such radius is achieved by glass blas ⁇ ting of the cylinder 40 after milling.
  • the provision of two edges enhances the ability to create a firm grip on the pin- bones. It turns out that the efficiency is greatly enhanced by this feature. It is conceivable to provide more than two edges 50, 51, e.g. for very large fish fillets such as tuna fillets, where the bones may be significantly larger.
  • Both sides of the recesses 41 may be provided with steps 47 and edges 50, 51, to make it possible to rotate the cylinder in both directions.
  • steps 47 and edges 50, 51 to make it possible to rotate the cylinder in both directions.
  • nozzles 52 for spraying water onto the cylinder and in the recesses.
  • nozzles 52 for spraying water onto the cylinder and in the recesses.
  • the nozzle is made of e.g. DELRIN (trade mark) and attached to the mounting plate 30 and positioned above the cylinder.
  • a tube connection is located on the opposite side of the moun ⁇ ting plate.
  • a bore through the mounting plate conveys water to the nozzle.
  • the device is kept extremely clean, and a positive and unexpected side effect is that the water acts as a lubricant, so that the surface of the fillet becomes even less affected mechanically when the device is moved over the fillet.
  • the meat will not be "gripped" by the nip between cylinder and tounge, yhus eliminating surface deterioration, and in additon thereto the surface of the meat will not dry out.
  • the water is supplied through nozzles, preferably three, and at a rate of about 100 ml/min, in conventional use.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif destiné à enlever les arêtes de la chair de poisson ou les tuyaux de plumes de volaille abattue, qui comporte un cylindre (22) doté de mécanismes de saisie (23) ayant la forme de trous, et un élément de contre-pression (26) permettant d'obtenir une fonction de coinçage entre l'élément de contre-pression et le cylindre (22). Ledit cylindre est monté axialement sur l'arbre menant (29) destiné à entraîner le cylindre (22). Le dispositif est caractérisé par le fait que le cylindre (22) n'est pas recouvert, c'est-à-dire qu'il n'est pas logé dans un boîtier. L'élément de contre-pression (26) est doté d'une lèvre (27) qui appuie contre l'élément à entraînement rotatif (22) au moins par l'intermédiaire d'un bord (27b). La présente invention concerne en outre un cylindre pour un dispositif du type susmentionné. Ledit cylindre est doté d'une pluralité d'évidements (41) parcourant sa surface externe, dans une direction pratiquement longitudinale, lesdits évidements (2) ayant au moins un bord tranchant (9; 10) formé le long de la ligne de jonction entre la surface externe du cylindre et la surface interne de l'évidement (8). La présente invention concerne également un dispositif comprenant ledit cylindre amélioré.
PCT/SE1993/000955 1992-11-04 1993-11-10 Dispositif servant a enlever les aretes Ceased WO1994010848A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93924894A EP0680261A1 (fr) 1992-11-10 1993-11-10 Dispositif servant a enlever les aretes
US08/424,474 US5525101A (en) 1992-11-04 1993-11-10 Bone removing device
AU54396/94A AU5439694A (en) 1992-11-10 1993-11-10 Bone removing device

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9203354A SE500531C2 (sv) 1992-11-10 1992-11-10 Anordning för att avlägsna ben ur kött
SE9203354-7 1992-11-10
SE9303285A SE9303285D0 (sv) 1993-10-07 1993-10-07 Pin bone remover
SE9303285-2 1993-10-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994010848A1 true WO1994010848A1 (fr) 1994-05-26

Family

ID=26661572

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1993/000955 Ceased WO1994010848A1 (fr) 1992-11-04 1993-11-10 Dispositif servant a enlever les aretes

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0680261A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5439694A (fr)
WO (1) WO1994010848A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5518444A (en) * 1995-06-01 1996-05-21 Hulin; Michael J. Apparatus for shelling dried shrimp
US5525101A (en) * 1992-11-04 1996-06-11 Soderlind; Jan Bone removing device
WO1997018717A1 (fr) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-29 Espen Welin Larsen Dispositif pour enlever les os et les aretes de poisson
US5911621A (en) * 1996-07-25 1999-06-15 Durst; Paul William Apparatus for deboning fish fillets
WO1999052375A1 (fr) * 1998-04-01 1999-10-21 Kaj Olesen Patent Invest Aps Dispositif permettant d'enlever les aretes de poisson
WO2001043553A1 (fr) * 1999-12-14 2001-06-21 Carnitech A/S Procede et appareil servant a retirer les aretes
WO2015119551A1 (fr) * 2014-02-06 2015-08-13 Castema Innovations Ab Appareil pour enlever les arêtes de poisson
EP3262944A1 (fr) 2016-06-30 2018-01-03 Nordischer Maschinenbau Rud. Baader GmbH + Co. KG Dispositif de retrait d'aretes dans des filets de poisson

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2641427A1 (de) * 1975-10-23 1977-05-12 Volkswerft Stralsund Veb Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entfernen von pinbones aus fischfilets
SE467904B (sv) * 1991-01-18 1992-10-05 Minova Ab Anordning foer avlaegsnande av ben ur fisk, saerskilt fiskfileer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2641427A1 (de) * 1975-10-23 1977-05-12 Volkswerft Stralsund Veb Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entfernen von pinbones aus fischfilets
SE467904B (sv) * 1991-01-18 1992-10-05 Minova Ab Anordning foer avlaegsnande av ben ur fisk, saerskilt fiskfileer

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5525101A (en) * 1992-11-04 1996-06-11 Soderlind; Jan Bone removing device
US5518444A (en) * 1995-06-01 1996-05-21 Hulin; Michael J. Apparatus for shelling dried shrimp
WO1997018717A1 (fr) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-29 Espen Welin Larsen Dispositif pour enlever les os et les aretes de poisson
US5904616A (en) * 1995-11-17 1999-05-18 Larsen; Espen Welin Device for removing bones, especially fishbones
US5911621A (en) * 1996-07-25 1999-06-15 Durst; Paul William Apparatus for deboning fish fillets
WO1999052375A1 (fr) * 1998-04-01 1999-10-21 Kaj Olesen Patent Invest Aps Dispositif permettant d'enlever les aretes de poisson
WO2001043553A1 (fr) * 1999-12-14 2001-06-21 Carnitech A/S Procede et appareil servant a retirer les aretes
WO2015119551A1 (fr) * 2014-02-06 2015-08-13 Castema Innovations Ab Appareil pour enlever les arêtes de poisson
US9770039B2 (en) 2014-02-06 2017-09-26 Castema Innovations Ab Fish bone removal apparatus
RU2659005C2 (ru) * 2014-02-06 2018-06-26 Кастема Инновейшнс Аб Устройство для удаления рыбных костей
EP3262944A1 (fr) 2016-06-30 2018-01-03 Nordischer Maschinenbau Rud. Baader GmbH + Co. KG Dispositif de retrait d'aretes dans des filets de poisson

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5439694A (en) 1994-06-08
EP0680261A1 (fr) 1995-11-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5525101A (en) Bone removing device
AU601563B2 (en) An apparatus for wet cleaning a floor or wall surface
WO1994010848A1 (fr) Dispositif servant a enlever les aretes
RU99124600A (ru) Способ и устройство для очистки трубопровода с обратным стояком
US5230652A (en) Fish cleaning device
EP0567515B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif d'extraction des aretes d'un poisson
CN114853226B (zh) 一种利用太阳能运作的污水处理设备
KR20170054975A (ko) 게 가공용 탈갑 및 절단 분리기
US6123614A (en) Method and apparatus for removing pin bones
US3634909A (en) Shrimp-peeling machine
US4199840A (en) Scraper blade structure for meat cleaning machine
US4777849A (en) Packing extractor tool
US2605495A (en) Fish skinning machine
JPH0763300B2 (ja) フィレのピンボーン除去装置
CN216568277U (zh) 卷烟机搓接鼓轮表面清洁装置
NL8302207A (nl) Inrichting voor het afscheiden van het vel van een deel van een vogel.
EP0033173A1 (fr) Machine pour l'enlèvement de membranes et/ou de peaux de la viande en général
WO2021227218A1 (fr) Affûteuse à double tête entièrement automatique
CN114190423B (zh) 鱼体加工设备
GB2090124A (en) Method and apparatus for cleaning carpets
CN111011461B (zh) 一种智能鱼产品深加工设备
EP0707797A1 (fr) Lame pour machine à peler les viandes
SE500531C2 (sv) Anordning för att avlägsna ben ur kött
JPS6140312B2 (fr)
US2113232A (en) Apparatus for removing feathers from fowl

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU BB BG BR BY CA CZ FI HU JP KP KR KZ LK MG MN MW NO NZ PL RO RU SD SK UA US VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1993924894

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 08424474

Country of ref document: US

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1993924894

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1993924894

Country of ref document: EP