WO1994015308A1 - Procede et appareil d'evaluation de la facilite de manipulation et de traitement d'articles - Google Patents

Procede et appareil d'evaluation de la facilite de manipulation et de traitement d'articles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994015308A1
WO1994015308A1 PCT/JP1993/001922 JP9301922W WO9415308A1 WO 1994015308 A1 WO1994015308 A1 WO 1994015308A1 JP 9301922 W JP9301922 W JP 9301922W WO 9415308 A1 WO9415308 A1 WO 9415308A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
work
processing
article
basic
correction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP1993/001922
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Syoji Arimoto
Yuuzoo Hiroshige
Kiyoshi Suzuki
Tatsuya Suzuki
Toshijiro Ohashi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to US08/290,769 priority Critical patent/US5586022A/en
Priority to DE4396848T priority patent/DE4396848T1/de
Publication of WO1994015308A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994015308A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G06Q10/087—Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/41865—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by job scheduling, process planning, material flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31065—Disassembly evaluation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/32—Operator till task planning
    • G05B2219/32234—Maintenance planning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35028—Adapt design as function of manufacturing merits, features, for manufacturing, DFM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35212—Estimating a cost associated with each operation, amount of time, target cost
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2219/00—Indexing scheme relating to application aspects of data processing equipment or methods
    • G06F2219/10—Environmental application, e.g. waste reduction, pollution control, compliance with environmental legislation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to each stage of the life of an article such as manufacture, sale, use, maintenance and inspection, repair, collection, disassembly, disassembly, recycling, detoxification and disposal (or storage) of an article or part.
  • an article such as manufacture, sale, use, maintenance and inspection, repair, collection, disassembly, disassembly, recycling, detoxification and disposal (or storage) of an article or part.
  • the size, shape, structure or structure of the goods Quantitatively evaluate the effect of factors such as material on work and process easiness, and provide evaluators with guidance on how to improve work and process easiness along with the evaluation results. This allows the evaluator to automatically implement a method to encourage the design of articles or parts that are easy to work and process, and to provide guidelines for improving the evaluation and ease of use. It is related to the device of the.
  • Some pre-evaluation methods are required to build into the product at the design stage, and it is necessary to make an improved design based on the evaluation indices obtained by the evaluation method. It is.
  • the method for evaluating the easiness of work and processing according to the present invention employs a plurality of basic methods classified according to the work and processing contents of the article or part to be evaluated.
  • Operations and processing elements are defined as basic elements, and in addition to the basic elements described above, items or parts that affect the easiness of the operation and processing of goods or parts are described.
  • the factors for each state are extracted and defined as correction factors.
  • a basic index indicating the difficulty level of each work and process is given. These basic indices are determined based on the time or cost required for each operation and processing, these indices, and a function or a function formula that compares these indices. The basic indicators are determined even when the environmental conditions of work and treatment (the same work and number of treatments, the same work and treatment procedure, the same work and treatment capacity) change. However, it is desirable to use one having a small change in the comparison value.
  • an article or a part having a reference state is determined for the article or the part, and the work or the processing content of the article or the part is obtained by the function or the function expression.
  • the time or cost required to work and dispose of the goods or parts and their indices is required to work and dispose of the goods or parts that have a reference condition. Time or cost When the index is increased from these indices, the index of the ease of work and processing of the article or part, which indicates the difficulty of the work or processing of the article or part, is decreased or decreased from a predetermined value.
  • the calculation of the time or cost required for the work and processing of the article or part to be evaluated should be performed at the time required for the work and processing of the existing article or part similar to the article or part.
  • the time or cost required for the work and processing of the goods or parts to be evaluated will be improved at any time, and the goods to be evaluated Improvement of an article or part by using a function or a function formula that compares the index of the ease of work and processing of an existing article or part that is similar to the index of the ease of work and processing of a part or part.
  • the input information of the extracted basic elements and correction elements, etc., and the work and processing contents estimated based on the analysis database used in this evaluation method can be easily calculated (for example, the deduction method and the addition method). Or the indexing method, etc.), or the average value can be obtained, and the easiness of work and processing of the article or part to be evaluated can be represented by an index.
  • the input device can input an evaluation element (basic element, correction element, and the like) of an article or a component
  • the storage device can Can store the evaluation elements, analysis database, improvement case database, functions, function formulas, etc., and estimate the work and processing operation of the parts by the arithmetic unit.
  • An index indicating the difficulty of work and processing as a part is calculated, and the difficulty of work and processing of the entire article is calculated based on the index indicating the difficulty of work and processing of the part.
  • the index to be represented can be calculated, and the calculation result can be displayed by the display / output device, so that the method of the present invention can be performed quickly and accurately, and the method of the present invention can be performed. It is suitable for implementing
  • FIG. 6 is an output example of an evaluation calculation result according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an evaluation process diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of basic elements in the disassembly work of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of a correction element in the disassembly work of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 shows an example of the evaluation results of the work and processing of an article or part having a reference state.
  • Manufacturing 1 In manufacturing 1, manufacturing operations (eg, assembly, processing, inspection, etc.) and manufacturing processes (eg, purchasing materials, components, electric power, fuel, etc., processing using chemical reactions, Etc.) to produce the goods.
  • manufacturing operations eg, assembly, processing, inspection, etc.
  • manufacturing processes eg, purchasing materials, components, electric power, fuel, etc., processing using chemical reactions, Etc.
  • Sales 2 Manufactured goods are sold (for example, transportation work, exhibition work, inspection work, etc.) and sales processing (for example, purchase of materials, electric power, fuel, etc.) in Hanuri 2 including distribution channels. Sold through.
  • Use 3 Purchased by the user and used in use 3 (for example, control work, adjustment work, placement work, etc.) and use processing (for example, purchase of materials, electric power, fuel, etc., and chemical reaction to Ichikawa) , Etc.) are used. Use!
  • Maintenance ⁇ Inspection ⁇ Repair 4 Maintenance during use ⁇ Maintenance ⁇ Inspection ⁇ Repair at maintenance 4 ⁇ Inspection ⁇ Repair work (eg inspection work, adjustment work, replacement work, etc.) and maintenance ⁇ Inspection ⁇ Repair processing (eg material, power, Fuel, etc., treatment using chemical reactions, etc.), and may be subject to maintenance, inspection, and repair. In this case, if any parts or articles to be replaced are generated, collection and processing will be performed in Collection 5.
  • Collection 5 Collection 5.
  • Demolition 6 Items that have been dismantled 6 are dismantled (eg, unscheduled work, operation of equipment, sorting of parts and components, sorting of articles, etc.) and dismantling (eg, electric power, fuel, etc.) Parts or decomposition using chemical reactions, etc.) to make parts or assemblies. Parts or assemblies take several routes depending on their type. Route to return to production 1 as it is, route to disposal 10 as it is, route to detoxification 9 for hazardous materials, and route to recycling 8 And others.
  • dismantled eg, unscheduled work, operation of equipment, sorting of parts and components, sorting of articles, etc.
  • dismantling eg, electric power, fuel, etc. Parts or decomposition using chemical reactions, etc.
  • Recycling 8 Recycling of parts or components that have advanced to recycling 8 (eg, operation of equipment, etc.) and recycling (eg, purchase of electricity, fuel, etc.) (Regeneration treatment using chemical reaction, etc.) and return to Production 1, but in this case it does not necessarily return to the original Production 1 but goes to other production and becomes another article There is also. Route to disposal 10 without returning to production 1; detoxification of harmful materials 9 A route that goes to the next step is also conceivable.
  • Detoxification 9 Detoxification of parts or components that have progressed to detoxification 9 (eg equipment operation, etc.) and detoxification
  • Disposal 10 Goods, parts or components that have passed to disposal 10 are disposed of (for example, transportation, operation of equipment, incineration, etc.) and disposed of (for example, purchase of electricity, fuel, etc. by utilizing chemical reactions). Waste treatment, reuse of thermal energy obtained by incineration, etc.).
  • Figure 2 shows the basic flow of the design and evaluation calculation of an article or part.
  • concept design 11 the concept design of goods or parts is performed.
  • evaluation elements such as basic elements are extracted from the concept design drawing or the actual goods and parts in the evaluation element extraction 1 2, and the evaluation program is loaded in the evaluation element input 13. Enter evaluation factors into the computer system.
  • the input data can also be stored in the external storage device 14 (automatic calculation is performed by exchanging information with the storage device 16 that stores the evaluation information in the automatic calculation 15).
  • the output of the evaluation result and the display of the improvement case are output at output 17.
  • the evaluation result determination 18 determines the necessity of design improvement. If it is necessary to improve the design, the design is improved in Design Improvement 19, and effective improvement examples are added to the improvement case information.
  • the evaluation element extraction 12, evaluation element input 13, automatic calculation 15, evaluation result output 17, evaluation result discrimination 18 are performed, and design improvement 19 is performed. There is also.
  • FIG. 3 shows a computer system equipped with an evaluation program according to the present invention.
  • the knowledge window X of this computer system is composed of input devices such as a pen input board 21 for inputting an evaluation element, a keyboard 22 or a mouse 23.
  • a computing device 24 that performs calculations, a storage device 16 that stores evaluation programs and basic data, input data and calculation results, a printer 25 that displays the calculation results, and a disk It is composed of a layer 26 and an external storage device 14 for storing evaluation results.
  • the configuration of the software mounted on this hardware is as follows. First, as basic data to be stored in the storage device 16, basic elements (decomposition operation) X described with reference to FIG. 4 and deduction points £ X as basic indices, and these are used. The correction factors Y, Yn, and the correction index as the correction index, and the names, symbols, numerical values, etc. given to Each process of the evaluation process described with reference to Fig.
  • Disassembly work cost w C or disassembly work w T, and disassembly treatment cost p C or disassembly treatment time PT calculation and display of the results 26 This is a program that displays data on the external storage device 14, displays the results from the printer 25, and stores the data in the external storage device 14.
  • c example ⁇ ⁇ which shows an example of the contents of the basic element X that categorizes the disassembly operation, is upward movement.
  • these basic elements X are those that define a predetermined disassembly operation and can be extracted from information, articles, and parts described in the design drawing. Take element X.
  • the name of the basic element X is described.
  • C The number of basic elements X can be large. The larger the number of basic elements, the higher the accuracy, but the more difficult it is to use, and the smaller the number, the easier the evaluation process, but the lower the accuracy. In practice, not only for disassembly, but also for assembly and processing, the best value is around 20.
  • each basic element X has, for example, “ ⁇ j” for the upward movement so that it can be easily associated with the corresponding basic element X. Or, decide as “ ⁇ ” for lateral movement.
  • the third column in Figure 4 contains an example of a basic deduction £>: assigned to each element X.
  • the upward movement which is the easiest to disassemble “ ⁇ J is taken as the “reference element X 0”, and the reference deduction ⁇ xo (of the basic deduction £ X) as the reference index A given thereto ( Is set to X 0), and 0 is set to 0.
  • a decomposition time TX and their indices IX can be used instead of the decomposition cost CX described above.
  • the formulas for the basic deduction ⁇ X include the following formulas (2) to () in which the increase and decrease tendencies of £ X are different from the increase of CX.
  • ⁇ ′ x c 2 (C x / C xO) ⁇ + d 2 (6)
  • a 3, a 4, a 5, bl, b 2, cl in the formulas (2) to (4) , C 2, dl, d 2, yS are constants c
  • Figure 5 shows an example of the correction element Y.
  • the correction element Y the material m of the part, the size ⁇ , and the like can be cited.
  • each of these correction elements (m, 1, 7), select a comparatively simple one, define the correction reference (m0, lo, 7), and set the state of each correction element to one. Or, it can be divided into a plurality of n items, which can be specified by extracting from the information, articles, and parts shown in the design drawings, and affecting the disassembly of parts other than the basic elements Is an item that exerts A correction coefficient is described in advance as a correction index indicating the degree of influence.
  • the number of correction factors Y is determined by the decomposition cost C xyn of each state divided into ⁇ when the production environment conditions are aligned. As the value of the function becomes larger, its correction coefficient ⁇ n
  • n-(C xyn Z C xyo) y mean various combinations
  • the correction factor which becomes smaller there is a correction factor which becomes smaller than the correction coefficient 1.
  • C xyn C y
  • [C xyn] yn mean C y
  • decomposition time T xyn T xyo and their indices I xyn, I xyo instead of decomposition costs C xyn and C xyo Can also be taken.
  • the component resolvability score Ei which indicates the resolvability of the component, is obtained, and the details are described below.
  • the component reference b of the component i is such that the basic element representing the disassembling operation of the component i is one reference element Xo, the correction element is a predetermined size 1b, and the production environment conditions are the component i and the component i.
  • the decomposition cost C bi is obtained from Figs. 4 and 5.
  • e i g i (C i) is a component deduction that increases when C i is greater than C b i.
  • the equation for e i was determined earlier.
  • Ci ⁇
  • E i and C i can be calculated in simple diagrams in which data such as C X and C xyn in FIGS. 4 and 5 are not entered.
  • the decomposition time T b T xyni j and their indices I bi and I xyni j can be used.
  • e i ′ g i ′ (C i) is a component coefficient that increases or decreases as C i force C bi increases.
  • the component disassembly score E i and the component disassembly cost C i are obtained for all parts, and then the disassembly score E and disassembly cost C for the product are obtained from these values.
  • the disassembly time T-T i, T b i and their indices I, I i, I b i can also be taken.
  • the product coefficient e 'can be taken as E 100 e'.
  • Ei is an index that indicates how easily component i is easily disassembled
  • product degradability score is an index that indicates how easily the whole product is easily disassembled.
  • N is the number of disassembled parts.
  • Figure 6 shows an output example of the evaluation result.
  • the upper diagram in Fig. 6 shows the evaluation results for the items to be evaluated, and the lower diagram in Fig. 6 shows the evaluation results for each component to be evaluated.
  • the evaluation result is poor in score, which is an index of the ease of work and processing of parts (the index indicating the difficulty of work and processing is large, It has the function of displaying in order.
  • Work and processing of each part The basic element ⁇ ⁇ extracted from the logical content also has a function to display the index indicating the degree of difficulty of work and processing of the part in descending order, so that the evaluator needs more design improvement. Can be shown for each part and for each operation and process.
  • Figure 7 shows a display example of a design improvement example for the work and processing complexity
  • Fig. 8 shows a search method for design improvement examples. In this case,
  • the evaluator estimates the work and processing content of the article or part from the combination of the basic elements and correction elements, etc. extracted by the evaluator. Estimate at least one component configuration. Then, regarding the estimated configuration of each article or component, the configuration of the article or component that has the same function as the configuration and is easier to work and process than the configuration.
  • the An example of the improvement examples stored in a storage device or an external storage device is shown below.
  • the component configuration before the improvement consists of four screws (in the case of screws, it can be estimated from the basic element “screw rotation”).
  • the "lateral movement” operation and the “lateral movement” operation of two parts in the case of a part other than a screw, the form of the part cannot be estimated from input information such as basic elements) Since the work and processing of the article have been completed by the “upward movement” operation, the component configuration as shown in the upper diagram of FIG. 7 is estimated. If there are two or more estimated component configurations for the same analysis content, the evaluator has a function to select one that is close to the actual design content.
  • the cause of the increase in the index indicating the difficulty of work and processing was identified as a problem, and the improvement case database was used as a problem. Then, a solution to this problem is retrieved from the improved case database.
  • reducing the number of parts should always be considered as an extraction condition for improvement proposals, which is effective in reducing the index that indicates the difficulty of work and processing. .
  • the improvement case is searched from the improvement case database, and the improved component configuration is output.
  • the improvement example has the same function as the article or part configuration selected from the analysis results or selected by the evaluator, but it requires less work and processing than the article or component configuration. It will have a configuration of goods or parts that make it easier.
  • a display example of an improvement example is shown in the lower diagram of Fig. 7. In this example, two parts fastened with four screws are joined by mating in a form that takes into account workability during removal, facilitating work and processing of articles or parts. This indicates that the performance can be improved. If there are two or more improvement cases, as in the case of the estimated component configuration, the evaluator can select the most appropriate improvement case by displaying them sequentially. It is possible.
  • the basic elements required for the work or treatment are shown, and an index indicating the difficulty level is calculated, and the difficulty of the work or treatment of the goods or parts before improvement is calculated.
  • a function is also provided that shows how much the index that indicates the difficulty of working on articles or parts before and after the improvement can be reduced by comparing it with the index that indicates.
  • the improved case database has a function that can be added / deleted / changed at any time.
  • the evaluator can add the user's know-how to the improvement case database by adding the improvement case database to the evening database, and can also use the improvement case database of other users. By incorporating these, it is possible to construct a more effective improvement case database. For example, by incorporating the evaluation and improvement case display functions of the present invention into the CAD system used by the designer, the designer can register the designed drawing and its evaluation result as an improvement case. Can be performed without discomfort.
  • Figure 9 shows the operation of the computer system.
  • step 1 "the evaluation target product is expressed by the combination of basic elements of the work and processing of each work type, and each basic element is corrected by a correction element as necessary.” However, if there is no symbol that can be applied, select the symbol of the element with the most similar content.
  • step 2 "input symbols to the computer for symbols representing basic elements of work and processing of each work type, symbols for correction elements, numerical values, etc.” for each part.
  • the computer will evaluate each part and the item's rating and work cost or work time, and all of the processing cost or processing time. Or automatically calculate a part of the result, display the result on the display unit, and print out the result as needed.
  • the input method of (1) is convenient when the initials of the names of the basic element and the correction element are used as symbols and are expressed in alphabets, and (2) (3) The input method of (4) is convenient when it is difficult to represent in alphabet or when you are not used to keyboard operation.
  • Example 2
  • each of the basic element and the correction element has a basic deduction £ X and a correction coefficient n, and the basic element and the correction element and the like input by the evaluator. By substituting the value of, the work and the easiness of processing were sought. On the other hand, there is also a method for obtaining the easiness of work and processing of articles or parts from given basic elements and correction elements in the following manner.
  • the computer system in which the evaluation program according to the present invention described with reference to FIG. 3 is installed also has a common JJ in this embodiment.
  • the configuration of the software mounted on the node in Fig. 3 is as follows.
  • the contents to be stored in the storage device 16 include information such as the names and numerical values given to the articles or parts to be evaluated, and the analysis of the operations and processing elements corresponding to those operations and processing contents.
  • Data, and an analysis database for estimating the work and processing of the article or part from these analysis data, and the work and processing estimated by the analysis database Input of basic indices indicating the degree of difficulty of the work and processing contents, an improved case database, and other extracted basic elements required in each processing stage of the evaluation process ⁇ process shown in Fig. 14 • Display / add / delete / modify functions, output evaluation results to printers 25 and displays 26. Search and display functions, examples of improvements, and display examples of improvements. This is a program that has functions to be added to the base of the improvement program.
  • Figure 10 shows examples of basic elements.
  • These basic elements define predetermined work and processing contents, and can be extracted from information, articles or parts described in design drawings.
  • the first column in Fig. 10 shows the names of each basic element
  • the second column in Fig. 10 shows the symbols corresponding to each basic element. As shown here, the symbols should be decided so that they can be easily associated with the work and processing contents of the corresponding basic element, such as " ⁇ "for upward movement or” ⁇ "for horizontal movement. Thus, the burden on the evaluator can be reduced.
  • Figure 11 shows an example of a correction element.
  • Correction elements are items that can be specified by extracting them from information, articles, and parts shown in the design drawings, and are items that affect the ease of disassembly of parts other than basic elements. Examples of the correction element include the material and size of the part, the mounting position, and the like.
  • the work and processing details of the article or component are estimated from the combination of basic elements using an analysis database.
  • the work and processing contents estimated by the analysis database are used for calculating the time or cost required for the work and processing.
  • An example of a correction factor used when estimating the work and processing content of an article or a part using an analysis database is one that indicates a mounting position of an article or a part. For example, as a correction factor for the removal operation of an object or part
  • the correction factor used in calculating the time or cost required for the work and processing in the work and processing contents estimated by the analysis database Some indicate the mass of an article or part. When the mass of an article or part increases, the time or cost required for the same operation and treatment generally increases for the same operation and treatment. Therefore, when this kind of correction factor is given, the time or cost required for the work and processing calculated by the general rules is multiplied by a value of 1 or more as a correction factor. Correct the calculated time and cost required for work and processing. In some cases, depending on the type of the correction element, the correction coefficient n is 1 or less.
  • Fig. 12 shows an example of the contents of a separation database that estimates the work and processing contents of articles or parts from basic elements.
  • Fig. 1 Based on the information such as the part name and number of parts shown in the first column of Fig. 1, the basic elements shown in the second column of Fig. 12, and the correction elements shown in the third column of Fig. 12. 2 Estimate the work and processing details shown in column 4. For example, it is presumed that the correction factor that the screw is in the deep hole will cause a problem that the worker will not be able to see the screw during actual work or processing. From the basic element of moving up, the tasks and processing contents using the driver are estimated. By changing this work procedure estimation database according to the workplace, product, etc., it is possible to estimate work procedures for various work environments and products.
  • the evaluator can provide simple input information and the system can judge the situation and automatically convert it to detailed analysis contents, and perform the evaluation with high accuracy. it can.
  • Fig. 12 Column 5 shows an example of the basic index indicating the difficulty of the work and processing of the article or part to be evaluated based on the estimated work and processing content.
  • an index indicating the level of difficulty is set independently for the work and processing content, and for removing the screw using a driver, which often occurs as a series of work and processing
  • an index indicating the degree of difficulty is set for some tasks and processing contents.
  • the value is Some things change.
  • Fig. 12 The sum of the basic indices listed in the fifth column is an index that indicates the difficulty of the work and processing of the goods or parts to be evaluated.
  • the index indicating the degree of difficulty of the article or part calculated here, it is possible to calculate the score of the article or part as an index of the ease of work and processing of the article or part. It can. The details are described below.
  • the total value G i of the indices indicating the degree of difficulty of the work and processing of the part is the same as the basic index G bi indicating the degree of difficulty of the work and processing of the part, which indicates the reference state under the same production environment conditions.
  • the ratio can represent the time or cost of working and processing the part.
  • the evaluation part requires time or cost for the work and processing of the part having the reference state by N times the cost magnification calculated by the following formula. That is.
  • the reference condition of the goods or parts is that the work or processing of the goods or parts is performed only by the work or processing with the smallest index indicating the difficulty level. This applies to goods or parts for which processing and processing are completed, that is, goods or parts for which work and processing are performed using only basic elements whose indices representing the degree of difficulty are small.
  • the index indicating the difficulty of the work or processing of the article or part is N times the index indicating the difficulty of the work or processing of the part having the standard state, the work of the article or part is performed.
  • the score (E), which is an index of ease of processing, is a function formula that decreases or increases from a predetermined value
  • a score can be obtained as an index of easiness of work and processing that is generally easy to understand, with a maximum score of 1.0.
  • the extra time or cost can be estimated by the following procedure.
  • the time or cost required for the work and processing of goods or parts that have a standard condition under the same production environment conditions depends on whether the production environment conditions specify the production environment or the cost. It can be obtained by calculating from these.
  • the time or cost required for the work and processing of an article or a part having a reference condition is T bi or C bi, respectively
  • the object to be evaluated is Estimates of the time or cost required to work and dispose of goods or parts (assuming ⁇ ⁇ or C ⁇ )
  • T bi or C bi usually has the time required for work and processing of articles or parts having a standard condition under the same production environment conditions. It is possible to use the cost or substitute for values in similar production environment conditions. However, in such cases, it is necessary to take into account that the estimated C or C ⁇ includes differences from similar production environmental conditions.
  • step 1 the work and processing contents of the part to be evaluated are represented by a combination of basic elements, and each basic element is input to a computer with a sleeve positive element as necessary. If there are parts and operations that are difficult to represent with basic elements, the representation is made by selecting the symbol of the basic element with the most similar content.
  • step 2 input data is confirmed, and addition, deletion, correction, etc. are performed.
  • the computer will evaluate all or part of the parts and the evaluation of the goods and the time or cost required for work and processing. Is calculated automatically, the result is displayed on the display unit, and the result is output to the printer as needed. It also helps users improve their designs by automatically searching for and displaying improvement examples.
  • the easiness of work and processing in each stage of the life of an article or a part particularly, maintenance, inspection, repair, disassembly, disassembly, and recycling,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Economics (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

Ce procédé consiste à évaluer quantitativement, dans une phase de conception, la facilité de manipulation et de traitement d'articles et de pièces tout au long des différentes phases de leur vie, telles que leur fabrication, leur vente, leur utilisation, leur entretien, leur inspection, leur réparation, leur collecte, leur démontage, leur désassemblage, leur recyclage, leur détoxification et leur mise au rebut. La marque Ei d'évaluation des pièces représentant la facilité de manipulation et de traitement d'une pièce est exprimée par une fonction d'un indice Gi représentant la facilité de manipulation et de traitement de la pièce. Cette relation est exprimée dans la formule Ei = f(Gi). La marque E d'évaluation d'articles représentant la facilité de manipulation de traitement d'un article est exprimée par une fonction d'une valeur moyenne de la marque Ei d'évaluation de pièces, ou une fonction d'un indice G(= ΣGi) représentant la facilité de manipulation et de traitement de l'article. Cette relation est exprimée par l'équation E = f(G) = f(ΣGi). De plus, le coût induit par la manipulation et le traitement d'un article évalué est estimé à partir des coûts nécessaires à la manipulation et au traitement d'autres articles similaires à l'article à évaluer.
PCT/JP1993/001922 1990-02-14 1993-12-28 Procede et appareil d'evaluation de la facilite de manipulation et de traitement d'articles Ceased WO1994015308A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/290,769 US5586022A (en) 1990-02-14 1993-12-28 Method of evaluating easiness of works and processings performed on articles and evaluation apparatus
DE4396848T DE4396848T1 (de) 1992-12-28 1993-12-28 Verfahren zum Bewerten der Leichtigkeit von Arbeiten und Maßnahmen, die an Artikeln durchgeführt werden, und Bewertungsvorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65423691A 1991-02-12 1991-02-12
US72699791A 1991-07-08 1991-07-08
US86130292A 1992-03-31 1992-03-31
JP34768792 1992-12-28
JP4/347687 1992-12-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994015308A1 true WO1994015308A1 (fr) 1994-07-07

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007280366A (ja) * 2006-03-13 2007-10-25 Hitachi Ltd 設計支援方法およびそのシステム
US8583578B2 (en) 2006-03-13 2013-11-12 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and system for supporting design

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0469703A (ja) * 1990-07-11 1992-03-04 Hitachi Ltd 物品の複数作業種の作業容易性の総合評価方法およびその装置
JPH04217445A (ja) * 1990-02-14 1992-08-07 Hitachi Ltd 物品の作業容易性評価方法および同評価装置
JPH0581291A (ja) * 1991-09-19 1993-04-02 Hitachi Ltd 製造ライン計画方法およびその装置
JPH05114003A (ja) * 1991-04-04 1993-05-07 Hitachi Ltd 製造性自動評価方法およびシステム

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04217445A (ja) * 1990-02-14 1992-08-07 Hitachi Ltd 物品の作業容易性評価方法および同評価装置
JPH0469703A (ja) * 1990-07-11 1992-03-04 Hitachi Ltd 物品の複数作業種の作業容易性の総合評価方法およびその装置
JPH05114003A (ja) * 1991-04-04 1993-05-07 Hitachi Ltd 製造性自動評価方法およびシステム
JPH0581291A (ja) * 1991-09-19 1993-04-02 Hitachi Ltd 製造ライン計画方法およびその装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007280366A (ja) * 2006-03-13 2007-10-25 Hitachi Ltd 設計支援方法およびそのシステム
US8583578B2 (en) 2006-03-13 2013-11-12 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and system for supporting design

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