WO1995008138A1 - Photosensitive material for electrophotography - Google Patents
Photosensitive material for electrophotography Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995008138A1 WO1995008138A1 PCT/JP1994/001511 JP9401511W WO9508138A1 WO 1995008138 A1 WO1995008138 A1 WO 1995008138A1 JP 9401511 W JP9401511 W JP 9401511W WO 9508138 A1 WO9508138 A1 WO 9508138A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bis
- polycarbonate resin
- resin
- electrophotographic photoreceptor
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0503—Inert supplements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
- G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
- G03G5/0564—Polycarbonates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor. More specifically, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photoconductive layer containing a specific polycarbonate resin.
- electrophotographic technology is widely applied to copying machines and various printers due to its high speed and high image quality.
- inorganic photoconductive materials such as selenium, selenium / tellurium alloy, selenium arsenide alloy, sulfide dominate, etc. have been used. Substances have been mainly used.
- a coating film is usually formed by mixing with a binder resin.
- binder resins include vinyl polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride, and copolymers thereof, polycarbonate, polyester, and the like.
- Various thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins such as polysulfone, phenoxy resin, epoxy resin, and silicone resin are used. Of these various resins, polycarbonate It is often used as a binder resin because of its relatively excellent properties.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-71057 discloses a polycarbonate derived from bisphenol Z.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-1706447 discloses a polycarbonate resin derived from bisphenol A.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-44048 discloses a polycarbonate resin derived from dimethyl bisphenol A, and a polycarbonate resin derived from bisphenol AP. It is disclosed that polycarbonate resins are used as binder resins, respectively.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that does not generate such minute black spots.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which the above-mentioned disadvantages have been improved. As a result, chlorine was detected at a considerable rate in the portion of the electrophotographic photoreceptor where microscopic black spots were generated.
- Chlorine is considered to originate from phosgene, chlorine-based organic solvents and contaminants during the synthesis of polycarbonate, and 2 to: LO ppm in ordinary polycarbonate. Since free chlorine is detected to a certain extent, the present inventors consider that there is some causal relationship between free chlorine and fine black spots, and used a specific polycarbonate resin as a binder. By using the resin, it was found that an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which the generation of minute black spots was remarkably suppressed was obtained, and the present invention was improved.
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer on a conductive support, wherein the photoconductive layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a free chlorine content of 2 ppm or less.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by the following features.
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive support, wherein the charge transport layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a free chlorine content of 2 ppm or less.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized by containing:
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has a photoconductive layer composed of a charge-generating substance, a charge-transporting substance, and a binder resin on a conductive support. It has a protective layer, a protective layer, and an adhesive layer.
- the photoconductive layer has a single-layer photoconductive layer in which a charge-generating substance and a charge-transporting substance are mixed, a charge-generating layer that generates charges by exposure, and a charge-transporting layer that transports charges.
- the polycarbonate resin of the present invention is particularly useful as a binder resin for a charge transport layer of a two-layer photoconductive layer. It is suitably used as fat.
- Examples of the conductive support of the present invention include metal materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, and nickel, and aluminum, nickel, and the like on the surface. Polyester finolem, phenol resin, paper, etc., provided with a conductive layer of, for example, radium, tin oxide, or indium oxide are used.
- the charge generation layer of the present invention is formed on a conductive support by a known method.
- the charge-generating material include azoxybenzenes, disazos, trisazos, benzimidazoles, polycyclic quinolines, indigodies, and quinazones.
- Organic pigments such as clidon-based, phthalocyanine-based, perylene-based, and methine-based pigments can be used.
- These charge-generating substances use fine particles of polyvinyl butyral resin, polyvinyl formal resin, silicone resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, and polystyrene resin. , Polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polyurethane resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, and various types of cellulose. used.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention is formed on the charge generation layer by a known method, using the polycarbonate resin of the present invention as a binder resin, and forming a charge transport material in the polycarbonate resin. Are formed by dispersing the
- charge transport substance examples include porphyra thiocyanoethylene; fluorenone-based compounds such as 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone; Nitro compounds such as dinitroanthracene; succinic anhydride; maleic anhydride; dibromo maleic anhydride; triphenylmethane compound Compounds; 2,5-di (4-dimethinoleaminophenyl) 1,1,3,4 Oxadiazole-based compounds such as Oxadiazole; 9-1 (4 ⁇ Styryl compounds such as anthracene; poly (N-vinyl canolenox) sol and other compounds; rubazole compounds; 1—phenyl-3- (p— Pyrazoline-based compounds such as dimethylaminophenyl) pyrazolin; 4,4 ', 4 "tris (N, N-diphenylamino) triphenylamine 1,1-bis (4-Jethylaminophenol) 14,4-diphenyl-1,3-conjugated unsaturated
- the polycarbonate resin of the present invention can be produced by an ordinary interfacial polycondensation reaction of bisphenol and phosgene.
- the feature of the present invention is that the free chlorine (probably present in the form of salt or hydrogen chloride) contained in a polycarbonate resin solution by-produced during the polycondensation reaction is determined by a colorimetric method and a potential method. Purification should be performed sufficiently to 2 ppm or less by differential titration.
- the aqueous alkali solution is larger than the resin solution after the polymerization reaction.
- at least three steps of neutralization and purification i.e., washing with water and washing with a phosphoric acid aqueous solution, and Z washing with water are performed. Separate the layers after each stage of washing with a centrifugal force of 500 G or more, and wash the final stage with water until the conductivity of the centrifuged water is 5 // SZ cm or less. This is achieved.
- the water used for washing is ion-exchanged water containing substantially no free chlorine, and such water is composed of a strongly basic ion-exchange resin and a strongly acidic ion-exchange resin. It can be easily obtained by passing through a mixed phase with the same amount as the above.
- the lower limit of the quantitative analysis of chlorine ion in the current colorimetric method and potentiometric titration method is 0.1 ppm or less. Something is preferred.
- the amount of water used for the resin solution is in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 times the volume of the resin solution 1, and the amount of water dispersed in the resin solution in an emulsified state is particularly preferable. It is important that the centrifugation is performed at a centrifugal force of 500 G or more, preferably 300 G or more. When the centrifugal force is small, the water content in the resin solution increases, and the resin solution is washed. Even if the centrifugation operation is repeated many times, or even if it is repeated, it is difficult to keep the conductivity of the centrifuged water to 5 / iS Z cm or less. It is not preferable because the content of free chlorine cannot be reduced to 2 ppm or less.
- the polycarbonate resin of the present invention is used as a binder resin for forming a photoconductive layer, a cast film forming method which is a general method for forming a photoconductive layer cannot be applied. Must be. Therefore, from the viewpoints of solution stability, solubility, film forming property, and workability during layer formation, the solubility in non-halogen solvents such as toluene is 10% ( (w / V) It is preferable that bisphenol having the above structure is a polycarbonate carbonate from which bisphenol is induced.
- Bisphenols which are monomer raw materials for a polycarbonate for producing such a polycarbonate having a structure for improving the solubility, Is, for example, 2, 2 — screw
- dihydroxydialyl ethers exemplified by diphenyl ethers and bis (hydroxylaryl) alkanes
- 4, 4 ' Hydroxy diphenyl phenol
- 4, 4 ' Hydroxy 1, 3, 3' — Dimethyl diphenyl sulfide
- examples thereof include a combination system of dihydroxy glyceryl sulfide and bis (hydroxy phenol) olenocanes.
- the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer may be prepared by dissolving the above-described charge generation substance or the charge transport substance in a binder resin and an appropriate solvent, applying the solution, and drying the solution. And can be formed by
- solvent examples include aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, and ketones such as acetone, methylethylketone, and cyclohexanone.
- Solvents methylen chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene chloride, tetrachlorethane, benzene solvents such as chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, etc.
- Ether solvents such as lan, dioxane, ethylene glycol ether, etc .; ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl ethyl solvent, etc., methanol, ethanol, iso- Examples thereof include alcohol solvents such as phenol, other dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and getylformamide. These solvents may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination as a solvent for mixing.
- a non-halogen solvent as a solvent because of environmental concerns and restrictions on the use of halogen solvents. Those that dissolve in a halogen-based solvent are preferred. Also, when performing cast film formation, in order to efficiently obtain the thickness and surface smoothness of the binder resin after molding, 10% (w / V) with respect to the solvent is required. Preferably, it has the above solubility.
- the mixing ratio of the charge generating substance and the binder resin is preferably in the range of 110.120.
- the thickness of this charge generation layer is 0.0120 ⁇ (111, preferably 0.12 / im, and the mixing ratio of the charge transport material to the binder resin is 10: It is preferable to be within the range of 1 1 1 0.
- reaction mixture was vigorously stirred to emulsify the reaction solution. After the emulsification, 8 g of triethylamine was added, and the mixture was stirred for about 1 hour to carry out polymerization.
- the polymerization solution was sent to a continuous centrifugal separator, and the aqueous layer was separated by a centrifugal force of 5,000 G.
- the resin solution is sent to a stirring tank, and 20 liters of pure water is added and stirred for 30 minutes. After completion of the stirring, the aqueous layer is centrifuged in the same manner, and the obtained resin solution is washed.
- the solution was sent to an acid neutralization tank, 20 liters of a 1% aqueous solution of phosphoric acid was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred. After completion of the stirring, the aqueous solution of phosphoric acid was similarly centrifuged.
- Synthesis Example 1 instead of 8.5 kg of BPZ, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -111phenylethane (hereinafter referred to as “BPAP”) The procedure was the same as in Synthesis Example 1 except that kg was used.
- BPAP 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -111phenylethane
- the conductivity of the aqueous layer separated at the end of the washing step was 3.5 nS / cm.
- the conductivity of the water layer separated at the end of the washing step was 3.9 3.S / cm.
- a 10-part copper phthalocyanine and a phenol are placed on a polyethylene phthalate phenol film on which aluminum is deposited to a thickness of about 50 nm.
- 5 parts of resin, 5 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin, and 100 parts of dimethoxetane are mixed and applied using a coating liquid that has been pulverized and dispersed with a sand grind mill. After drying, a charge generation layer having a thickness of about 0.5 // m was provided.
- the electrophotosensitive material of the present invention has a free chlorine content of 2 ppm or less.
- the polycarbonate resin in the present invention has good solubility in non-halogen-based general-purpose solvents such as toluene, so that the solution stability, the solubility, and the film formation in preparing an electrophotographic photoreceptor. And workability are improved.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94926391A EP0670523B1 (en) | 1993-09-14 | 1994-09-13 | Photosensitive photoreceptor for electrophotography |
| US08/416,849 US5569566A (en) | 1993-09-14 | 1994-09-13 | Photoreceptor for electrophotography with low free chlorine content polycarbonate resin in organic photoconductive layer |
| DE69416292T DE69416292T2 (de) | 1993-09-14 | 1994-09-13 | Photoempfindliches photorezeptor für die elektrophotographie |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5/229050 | 1993-09-14 | ||
| JP22905093A JP3277964B2 (ja) | 1993-09-14 | 1993-09-14 | 電子写真感光体 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1995008138A1 true WO1995008138A1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
Family
ID=16885964
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1994/001511 Ceased WO1995008138A1 (en) | 1993-09-14 | 1994-09-13 | Photosensitive material for electrophotography |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5569566A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0670523B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3277964B2 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69416292T2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1995008138A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6001523A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 1999-12-14 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Electrophotographic photoconductors |
| EP1195648B1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2005-04-13 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method and apparatus using the photoreceptor |
| US6562531B2 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2003-05-13 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method and apparatus using the photoreceptor |
| JP4155061B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-03 | 2008-09-24 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 電子写真感光体用ポリカーボネート共重合体の製造方法及び電子写真感光体 |
| US20060045151A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | Daryoosh Vakhshoori | External cavity wavelength stabilized Raman lasers insensitive to temperature and/or external mechanical stresses, and Raman analyzer utilizing the same |
| US20130216942A1 (en) | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | Mohd Shamsul Hairi bin Mohd SALLEH | Polycarbonate binder for electrophotographic photoreceptor coatings |
| JP2018010236A (ja) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | シャープ株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、それを備える画像形成装置および電荷輸送物質含有層形成用塗工液 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04253062A (ja) * | 1991-01-30 | 1992-09-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電子写真感光体 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5470838A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1979-06-07 | Canon Inc | Photosensitive element for zerography |
| JPS5971057A (ja) * | 1982-10-18 | 1984-04-21 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 電子写真用感光体 |
| DE3775787D1 (de) * | 1986-01-22 | 1992-02-20 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Elektrophotographischer photorezeptor und elektrophotographisches verfahren. |
| JPH0820739B2 (ja) * | 1986-12-12 | 1996-03-04 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 電子写真感光体 |
| DE3751927T2 (de) * | 1986-03-14 | 1997-05-22 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Lichtempfindliches Element für Elektrophotographie |
| JPS63170647A (ja) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-07-14 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電子写真感光体 |
| US5139908A (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1992-08-18 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor with bromine or chlorine containing polycarbonate |
| JPH0444048A (ja) * | 1990-06-12 | 1992-02-13 | Konica Corp | 電子写真感光体 |
| JPH06222582A (ja) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-08-12 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電子写真感光体 |
-
1993
- 1993-09-14 JP JP22905093A patent/JP3277964B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-13 WO PCT/JP1994/001511 patent/WO1995008138A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 1994-09-13 DE DE69416292T patent/DE69416292T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-13 US US08/416,849 patent/US5569566A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-13 EP EP94926391A patent/EP0670523B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04253062A (ja) * | 1991-01-30 | 1992-09-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電子写真感光体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0784377A (ja) | 1995-03-31 |
| EP0670523B1 (en) | 1999-01-27 |
| EP0670523A4 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
| DE69416292T2 (de) | 1999-06-17 |
| US5569566A (en) | 1996-10-29 |
| EP0670523A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 |
| JP3277964B2 (ja) | 2002-04-22 |
| DE69416292D1 (de) | 1999-03-11 |
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