WO1998048019A1 - Procedimiento de inactivacion de genes que codifican para enzimas del catabolismo del fenilacetato, plasmidos que intervienen y cepas transformadas con los mismos - Google Patents
Procedimiento de inactivacion de genes que codifican para enzimas del catabolismo del fenilacetato, plasmidos que intervienen y cepas transformadas con los mismos Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998048019A1 WO1998048019A1 PCT/ES1998/000101 ES9800101W WO9848019A1 WO 1998048019 A1 WO1998048019 A1 WO 1998048019A1 ES 9800101 W ES9800101 W ES 9800101W WO 9848019 A1 WO9848019 A1 WO 9848019A1
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Definitions
- Ortho-hydroxylation of phenylacetate is the first step of this route.
- the homogentisate is catabolized through fumaroyl acetoacetate in fumarate and acetoacetate, which are incorporated into the Krebs cycle (see Fernández Ca ⁇ ón y Pe ⁇ alva, Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 9132-9136, 1995).
- genetic engineering techniques lacking the aforementioned limitations, to eliminate the ability to completely or partially catabolize phenylacetate.
- An essential requirement for conducting genetic engineering is the cloning and characterization of the gene or genes that mediate the aforementioned harmful characteristic of penicillin-producing fungi.
- the object of the present invention is intended to solve the existing problems of the State of the Art listed above. It consists of characterizing a fungal gene coding for a phenylacetate 2-hydroxylase activity, an enzyme that catalyzes the first enzymatic step of the catabolism of phenylacetate in Aspergillus and Penicillium and its use to eliminate the gene present in the genome of penicillin-producing fungi by recombinant DNA technology.
- the present patent describes how this gene is inactivated in a genetically engineered strain. This strain, which is unable to catabolize phenylacetate, produces higher levels of penicillin than the parental strain.
- the sequence of a 1,986 base pair (bp) genomic DNA fragment of A. nidulans, which includes the new gene used for the present invention is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the gene was called phacA (phac by the use of phenylacetate (phenylacetate)) and codes for an enzyme that ortho-hydroxylates phenylacetate (said reaction being the first step of the catabolism of phenylacetate in A. nidulans).
- phacA phac by the use of phenylacetate (phenylacetate)
- codes for an enzyme that ortho-hydroxylates phenylacetate said reaction being the first step of the catabolism of phenylacetate in A. nidulans.
- the nucleotide sequence of the complementary DNA clones (cDNA) covering the entire coding region and its subsequent alignment with the genomic DNA sequence revealed the following characteristics of this gene:
- the gene codes for a 518 amino acid polypeptide.
- the first methionine is encoded by an ATG triplet at position 82, while the end codon (TAG) is located at position 1810. These positions correspond to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the coding region is interrupted by three introns of 65, 56 and 53 nucleotides in length (SEQ ID NO. 1).
- the 518 residue deducted polypeptide is shown in the three-letter amino acid code, below its corresponding exons in SEQ ID NO: 1 and also, in an isolated context, in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the molecular weight of the protein deducted is 58.495 g / mol.
- the new DNA compound whose structure is described in detail in SEQ ID NO: 1 and which was isolated from a natural microorganism, can be fully synthesized using automatic DNA synthesizers.
- the protein encoded by the new DNA compound could be encoded by alternative DNA sequences. These are included in the present invention.
- any natural genetic variant derived from the new DNA compound described above is considered equivalent thereto.
- These genetic variants include homologous genes in organisms closely related to A. Nidulans in evolutionary terms, such as P. chrysogenum. These genes can be easily identified using the DNA compound of A. nidulans as a hybridization probe as described below.
- nidulans can be used as a molecular probe for the search for functional homologous genes in genomic libraries or cDNAs of other fungal species by hybridization.
- its use is described to track a library of P. chrysogenum, demonstrating that the homologous gene to the phacA of A.
- Nidulans can be isolated from industrial strains of P. chrysogenum.
- the sequence of a genomic DNA fragment of 2,558 bp of P. chrysogenum isolated by hybridization with a phacA gene probe is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- Nidulans was designated pahA (by phenylacetate hydroxilation).
- the pahA gene of P. chrysogenum codes for a 516 amino acid polypeptide that shows 84% identity with the amino acid sequence of PhacA, the protein product of the phacA gene of A.
- the product sequence of the Pai ⁇ A gene of P. chrysogenum is shown in SEQ ID N0: 4.
- this new DNA compound isolated from P. chrysogenum is also included in the present invention, as well as other homologous genes that can be isolated from other fungal species by similar procedures.
- Cloned genes can be used to generate loss-of-function mutations through inverse genetics.
- a new recombinant DNA molecule can be constructed in an Escherichia coli vector, carrying a truncated version of the fungal gene, which can be used to inactivate the endogenous gene by transformation.
- this recombinant plasmid may contain the 5 'region of the phacA gene of A. nidulans, followed by a modification in the coding region of the phacA gene consisting of the 289 bp Nael-Kpnl fragment being replaced by a 3.2 kb Xhal fragment containing the argB * gene of TO . nidulans (see Fig. 1).
- the 3 'region of the phacA gene is arranged.
- the expression of this mutant phacA gene would result in a truncated PhacA protein in residue 297 and, therefore, lacking 221 carboxyterminal residues.
- These last residues, absent in the mutant protein comprise the aforementioned peptide that includes the Cys residue, which is involved in the binding of heme groups and is essential for the activity of this type of protein.
- a linear DNA fragment containing the aforementioned regions can be separated from the vector sequences by means of suitable restriction enzymes and then purified by standard techniques. This linear fragment can be used for the transformation of a strain argB ⁇ of A. Nidulans in prototroph for arginine.
- Reverse genetically generated nidulans that lack the function of the phacA gene cannot grow in phenylacetate as the only carbon source. However, they grow in 2-hydroxyphenylacetate or 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate.
- the new DNA compound (the phacA gene of A. nidulans) codes for an enzymatic activity required for ortho-hydroxylation of phenylacetate, an essential step for the use of phenylacetate in A.
- Nidulans P. chrysogenum does not use phenylacetate as the only carbon source but, as shown above, it contains a gene that codes for an enzyme counterpart
- PhacA Therefore, the new DNA compound provides a method to eliminate lateral metabolic conversions that may decrease the accumulation of phenylacetate available for penicillin biosynthesis.
- P. chrysogenum a methodology similar to that described can be applied to inactivate the pahA gene, using the new P. crysogrenum DNA compound included in this invention and any of the transformation markers already available for P. chrysogenum, for example the trpC gene. It will also be appreciated that other transformation markers other than argB (in A. nidulans) or trpC (in P. chrysogenum) could be used to disrupt the coding region of the new DNA compound.
- FIG. 2 shows one such method, the which can be used to alter the pahA gene of P. chrysogenum.
- an internal region of the pahA gene has been replaced by a chimeric gene where the promoter of the gdh gene of P. chrysogenum (gene encoding the enzymatic activity glutamate dehydrogenase) controls the expression of the bacterial gene ble ", which confers resistance to the antibiotic fleomycin.
- transformants can be selected for their ability to grow in media containing fleomycin (Kolar, M., Punt , PJ, van del Hondel, CAMJJ and Schwab, H. Gene 62: 127-134, 1988).
- the transformants of A. Nidulans with the substitution of the phacA gene described above produce 3 to 8 times more penicillin than the parental strain and are less dependent on the amount of phenylacetate added (see Figure 3 ).
- reducing phenylacetate from the 0.125% (w / v) to 0.0625% (w / v) results in a significant decrease in penicillin production levels in the wild strain
- transformants lacking phacA gene function produce high penicillin levels , with both concentrations of phenylacetate.
- this invention not only concerns the phacA gene and its counterparts.
- other genes that intervene in the metabolism of phenylacetate could be inactivated using a method similar to that described here.
- This invention that is, that the penicillin productivity of fungal organisms can be improved by inactivating individual phenylacetate metabolism genes through the use of reverse genetics, also covers these alternative possibilities.
- cDNA clones corresponding to the phacA gene were isolated by differential selection of a cDNA library, following the steps described below:
- the strain of A. A26 nidulans from the Fungal Genetics Stock Center collection was grown at 37 ° C - li in suitably supplemented minimum medium containing (in g / 1) KP0, H 2 , (13.6), (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 / 2.0; MgSO Highlightx 7H 2 0.25 and Fe x 7H, 0.0005, with 0.3% glucose (w / v) as carbon source.
- the time when glucose was consumed was determined by analyzing the concentration of glucose in the culture medium (using an enzymatic "kit"). This generally occurred at 18 hours of incubation with constant agitation.
- phenylacetate was added to the culture, to a final concentration of 10 mM and the culture was stirred at 37 ° C for a further 1 hour in order to induce the expression of the mentioned genes.
- the mycelium was collected by filtration, washed with water, frozen in liquid nitrogen, lyophilized and used to isolate total RNA. This total RNA preparation was used to isolate poly (A * ) mRNA by affinity chromatography on oligo-dT cellulose.
- Single-stranded cDNA was prepared in the presence of reverse transcriptase of the avian myeloblastosis virus (of commercial origin), using as a template 2 ⁇ g of said isolated mycelium-induced mycelium with phenylacetate and oligo-dT (15-mer) as the initiator.
- the reaction was incubated for 1 hour at 42 ° C in a buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 8.8 (at 25 ° C), 50 M KC1, 0.1% Triton X-100, 5 mM MgCl ,, 10 mM of each dNTP and 0.5 units of RNAs without.
- the template RNA was removed by incubation for 1 hour at 60 ° C with 3M NaOH. After neutralization (with acetic acid), the single stranded DNA was recovered by centrifugation by precipitation with 2.5 volumes of absolute ethanol for 2 hours at -80 ° C. This cDNA was subtracted with a 30-fold excess of poly (A * ) RNA isolated from the mycelium collected at the time of glucose depletion, following the procedure described by Sargent, TD, Methods Enzymol. 152: 423-432, 1987. The cDNA-RNA hybrid molecules were separated by hydroxyapatite chromatography at 68 ° C and discarded.
- the remaining cDNA is hybridized as mentioned, with an excess of poly (A * ) RNA from mycelium grown in the absence of phenylacetate. Again, the mo- cDNA-RNA hybrid cells as indicated and the resulting single-stranded cDNA population was collected, which represented transcripts of genes preferably expressed in the presence of phenylacetate.
- This cDNA was uniformly labeled with [ ⁇ ⁇ J P] dCTP and excess of all other dNTPs, in the presence of the Klenow fragment of the DNA polymerase and random sequence hexanucleotides as "primers".
- the population obtained from cDNAs labeled with 32 P (specific activity> 10 at cpm / mg) was used as a probe to track a cDNA library constructed as described in section c).
- the synthesis reaction of the first cDNA chain was performed as described above.
- the cDNA-RNA hybrid obtained was converted into a double stranded cDNA introducing random breaks in the RNA chain with RNase H, which were used as starting points by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I.
- RNase H Random breaks in the RNA chain with RNase H
- synthetic adapters containing the blunt phosphorylated end and the EcoRI protrusion were incubated with the double stranded cDNA in the presence of T4 DNA ligase.
- the EcoRI end cDNAs were purified and phosphorylated with T4 polynucleotide kinase and ATP.
- the phosphorylated cDNA was mixed with the arms of the ⁇ gtlO vector previously digested with EcoRI and dephosphorylated and the mixture was incubated with T4 DNA ligase.
- the recombinant DNA molecules were packaged in vitro, using commercial packaging extracts.
- Recombinant phages in which a cDNA insert had inactivated the el gene (in which the EcoRI site is present) were selected by their lytic phenotype in an E strain.
- coli hfl F-, thi -1, thr-1, leuB ⁇ , lacYl, tonA21, supE44, hflA150, [chr:: Tnl0].
- the cDNA library was plated using E. coli strain C600 hfl " and the lysis plates obtained were transferred in duplicate to nitrocellulose filters.
- One of the replicas was hybridized with the" more "cDNA probe (described in a )) and the second replica was hybridized with the cDNA probe "less” (described in b).)
- the clones that hybridized with the "more” probe were selected and purified and did not hybridize with the "less” probe.
- the cDNA inserts were cleaved from the vector by digestion with the Notl endonuclease, using the Notl cut sites included in the EcoRI adapter.
- the inserts of the selected clones were subcloned into plasmid pBluescript SK (+) digested with Notl and then sequenced by standard procedures.
- the sequences of the cAD ⁇ inserts were translated in the six possible reading frames and were compared using the BLAST algorithm with the conceptual translation in the six reading frames of the GenBank and EMBL public access AD ⁇ sequence databases. with the SwissProt and PIR protein sequence databases.
- One of the sequences of the cAD ⁇ inserts generated an extensive framework of open reading, not interrupted by termination codons.
- the deduced amino acid sequence showed a significant identity with amino acid sequences of the proteins of the cytochrome P450 family, which are generally involved in oxidation reactions.
- the open reading frame codes for a phenylacetate 2-hydroxylase.
- This cDNA insert was used to hybridize new cDNA clones corresponding to this gene. These clones were sequenced by both chains and the nucleotide sequence obtained showed a complete open reading frame of 1,554 bp in length (without the translation termination codon) that codes for a 518 amino acid polypeptide (SEQ ID NO: 2) .
- SEQ ID NO: 2 The identity of this sequence with members of the family of cytochrome P450 proteins unambiguously established that this deduced protein represents a new member of this family.
- a genomic DNA library of A. nidulans built in ⁇ EMBL4 vector was screened with a cDNA probe labeled with J P corresponding to the almost complete transcript. Positive clones were purified and their inserts were characterized by restriction enzyme digestion and hybridization with the aforementioned probe. In this way, the hybridization zone of two adjacent BamHI fragments 2.4 and 1.9 kb in length was mapped.
- Fig. 4 shows a restriction map of the genomic region that contains these fragments. These BamHI fragments were subcloned into pBluescript SK (+). The recombinant plasmid containing the 2.4 kb BamHI fragment was designated pBS-FG4A, while the plasmid carrying the 1.9 kb BamHI fragment was designated pBS-FG4B. EXAMPLE 2. CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PAHA GENE OF P. CHRYSOGENUM, FUNCTIONAL HOMOLOGY OF THE GENE PhacA OF Nidulans
- the double stranded cDNA was inserted between the EcoRI and Xhol restriction sites of the ⁇ ZAP phage vector, placing the 5 'region of the transcripts next to the EcoRI site.
- the library was packaged with packaging extracts "Gigapack II Gold" (Stratagene) generating about 10 'independent clones. Tracking this cDNA library was performed according to standard procedures (Sambrook, J., Fritsch, EF and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York. ), using as a probe an EcoRV fragment of 1,174 bp internal to the pahA gene ( Figure 5).
- pPhacA in the only Xbal site of pUCA-B, to give pPhacA:: argB + .
- pPhacA starting from the lacZ promoter of pUC18, pPhacA :: argB includes a 0.94 kb fragment of the 5 'region of the phacA gene, sequentially followed by the first 297 codons of its genomic sequence, the 3.2 kb fragment that contains the argB gene, the genomic sequence of the phacA gene corresponding to codons 393-518 and 1.2 kb of the 3 'region of the phacA gene.
- a linear fragment containing all these regions can be purified from the plasmid by EcoRI digestion ( Figure 6).
- a strain of A can be constructed by transformation. nidulans that include a disruption-deletion mutation in the phacA gene using this linear fragment of
- chrysogenum pahA gene by hybridization with the phacA gene of A. nidulans present in the CECT 20195 transformant or alternatively by hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides based on SEQ ID No: 1.
- plasmid pALfleo7 deposited in the Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT), University of Valencia, Research Building, Burjasot Campus, 46100 Valencia, dated February 20, 1997, as CECT 4849
- plasmid pALP696 would be constructed as indicated in figure 7 of this patent.
- Figure 3 shows that the highest penicillin levels corresponding to the phacA + control strain were obtained at 24 hours using 0.125% phenylacetate in the production medium.
- the production level reached at this time was 1.8 ⁇ g / ml penicillin.
- the decrease in half of the phenylacetate concentration reduced the maximum penicillin levels produced by this strain to
- Figure 3 also shows that, in stark contrast, the highest penicillin levels in a culture of the AphacA strain reached 5.6 ⁇ g / ml, that is, levels 3.1 times higher than those of its parental strain.
- the increase in penicillin production was not affected by the reduction of the initial concentration of phenylacetate to 0.0255%.
- Figure 1 Strategy used to generate a disruption-deletion mutation in the phacA gene of A. Nidulans by homologous recombination. The supposed crossings are shown with large crosses in bold.
- Figure 2 •. Strategy used to generate a disruption-deletion mutation in the pahA gene of P. chrysogenum by homologous recombination. The supposed cross-links are shown with large discontinuous crosses.
- Figure 3 Production of penicillin from a transformed strain phacA :: argB of A. Nidulans compared to a wild type strain (phacA * ). Abcisas: time in hours (h); Ordered: penicillin production ( ⁇ g / ml). Continuous line: Phenylacetate concentration of 0.125%; Dashed line: Phenylacetate concentration of 0.0625%.
- Figure 4 Restriction map of the genomic region that includes the phacA gene of A. nidulans, showing the fragments that were subcloned to generate pFG4A and pFG4B. In dark stroke the 3 introns.
- Figure 5 Restriction map of the genomic region that includes the pahA gene of P.
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- TITLE "PROCESS OF INACTIVATION OF GENES THAT CODIFY FOR ENZYMES OF THE CATABOLISM OF THE PHENYLACETATE, INTERESTING PLASMIDS AND BLOODS TRANSFORMED WITH THEM".
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- TYPE nucleotides
- TYPE nucleotides
- GGC CTC CCG GAG ATT CCT GGT ATA CCC ATA TTT GGC AAT CTA TTG CAG 508 Gly Leu Pro Glu He Pro Gly He Pro He Phe Gly Asn Leu Leu Gln
- GGT AAT ATC TTG AAG GAT CCC GAG GCT AAG CTG AAT GAT G GTGAGTTACA 1290 Gly Asn He Leu Lys Asp Pro Glu Ala Lys Leu Asn Asp
- AAATCTCGCG AAATCTTTGT GAATGTTGGT ATTGAGTACT CATCTATCGT CTAG CC 1346
- ES 81) Designated states: AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE , DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GE, GH, GM, GW, HU, ID, IL, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR,
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- ANTIBI ⁇ TICOS S.A. [ES / ES]; Avenida de Burgos, 8- A, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, E-28036 Madrid (ES).
- the procedure is preferably applied to the ph ⁇ cA gene of A. nidul ⁇ ns and the p ⁇ hA gene of P. chrysogenum, genes that code respectively for competing enzymes for this substrate with the biosynthetic enzymes of penicillin.
- the non-expression of these enzymes favors the synthesis of this antibiotic, increasing its production, with a lower demand for phenylacetate per unit of culture.
- a method of inactivation in microorganisms, of genes encoding phenylacetate catabolism enzymes and competing for this compound with penicillin biosynthetic enzymes which consists of an integrative transformation by homologous recombination between at least one exogenous DNA compound and at least a part of the sequence of the gene to be inactivated.
- the transforming DNA compound is a circular molecule containing at least one expressible fragment of the gene to be inactivated.
- the transforming DNA compound is a linear molecule that contains at least one DNA fragment not included in the sequence of the gene to be inactivated, but which contains at least one transformation marker that disrupts the coding sequence thereof.
- the transforming DNA molecule contains, in whole or in part, a copy of the sequence of the gene to be inactivated with a mutation, preferably, of change of reading frame, without sense or deletion, which results in a phenotype of loss of function of said gene. 5.
- the microorganism undergoing transformation in which the gene is inactivated is capable of producing penicillin G or V.
- a method according to claim 11, wherein the gene that is inactivated encodes a polypeptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, or similar sequences that express P450 phenylacetate 2-hydroxylase activity.
- a method according to claims 1 to 6, 8 and 10, wherein the gene that is inactivated is represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, its mimicked gene sequences and / or homologous genes.
- a method according to claim 13, wherein the gene that is inactivated encodes a polypeptide represented by SEQ ID N0: 4, or similar sequences that exhibit P450 activity phenylacetate 2-hydroxylase.
- a transformed strain of Aspergillus nidulans and mimics derived therefrom that incorporates at least one exogenous DNA compound consisting of a truncated, incomplete or inactive sequence of at least one gene that codes for a phenylacetate catabolism enzyme and which inactivates the endogenous gene after integration by homologous recombination.
- a transformed strain according to claims 15 to 19 characterized in that it consists of a pure strain of A. CECT20195 nidulans, their imitants and / or transformed derivatives.
- a plasmid pPhacA :: argB of inactivation of the pipedic gene of A.
- nidulans as shown in the restriction map of Figure 6 and consisting of plasmid pUC18 containing a 6.8 kb EcoRI insert which includes the phacA gene of A.
- Inactivated nidulans by inserting a 3.2 kb fragment that in turn contains the argB gene from A.
- 23. A transformed strain of P. chrysogenum according to claim 22, wherein the gene to be inactivated codes for an enzyme that mediates phenylacetate hydroxylation.
- 27. A plasmid pALP696 of inactivation of the P. chrysogenum pahA gene, as shown in the restriction map of Figure 7 and consisting of plasmid pBC KS + containing a 7.9 kb I left insert which includes the P. chrysogenum inactivated pahA gene by inserting a 2.0 kb fragment that in turn contains the .ble * gene of S. Malawistanus expressed under the control of the gdh promoter of P. chrysogenum.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10545060A JP2000512513A (ja) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-17 | フェニルアセテート異化酵素をコードする遺伝子の不活性化方法、該遺伝子を含むプラスミドおよびそれらにより形質転換された株 |
| SK1705-98A SK170598A3 (en) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-17 | Process for the inactivation of genes which code for enzymes for the catabolism of phenyl acetate, plasmids involved in such process and strains transformed therewith |
| PL98330464A PL330464A1 (en) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-17 | Method of inactivating the genes coding phenyl acetate catabolising enzymes, plasmides uses in that method and strains transfirmed by means of such plasmides |
| IL12736798A IL127367A0 (en) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-17 | Procedure for the inactivation of genes that code for phenylacetate catabolism enzymes plasmids containing them and strains transformed with them |
| EE9800433A EE9800433A (et) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-17 | Meetod fenüülatsetaadi katabolismi ensüüme kodeerivate geenide inaktiveerimiseks, selles meetodis rakendatavad plasmiidid ja nendega transformeeritud tüved |
| AU68333/98A AU6833398A (en) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-17 | Process for the inactivation of genes which code for enzymes for the catabolism of phenyl acetate, plasmids involved in such process and strains transformed t herewith |
| EP98913764A EP0922766A1 (en) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-17 | Process for the inactivation of genes which code for enzymes for the catabolism of phenyl acetate, plasmids involved in such process and strains transformed therewith |
| LVP-98-281A LV12295B (en) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-12-18 | Process for the inactivation of genes which code for enzymes for the catabolism of phenylacetate, plasmids involved in such process and strains transformed therewith |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES09700833A ES2125195B1 (es) | 1997-04-18 | 1997-04-18 | Procedimiento de inactivacion de genes que codifican para enzimas del catabolismo del fenilacetato, plasmidos que intervienen y cepas transformadas con los mismos. |
| ESP9700833 | 1997-04-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998048019A1 true WO1998048019A1 (es) | 1998-10-29 |
Family
ID=8299010
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES1998/000101 Ceased WO1998048019A1 (es) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-17 | Procedimiento de inactivacion de genes que codifican para enzimas del catabolismo del fenilacetato, plasmidos que intervienen y cepas transformadas con los mismos |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0922766A1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP2000512513A (es) |
| KR (1) | KR20000016739A (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1226932A (es) |
| AU (1) | AU6833398A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2258562A1 (es) |
| CZ (1) | CZ417298A3 (es) |
| EE (1) | EE9800433A (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2125195B1 (es) |
| HU (1) | HUP0000853A2 (es) |
| IL (1) | IL127367A0 (es) |
| LT (1) | LT98186A (es) |
| LV (1) | LV12295B (es) |
| PL (1) | PL330464A1 (es) |
| SK (1) | SK170598A3 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1998048019A1 (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA983216B (es) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000037629A3 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-12-21 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | Method of producing antihypercholesterolemic agents |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI324181B (en) | 2001-04-16 | 2010-05-01 | Martek Biosciences Corp | Product and process for transformation of thraustochytriales microorganisms |
| ES2201913B1 (es) * | 2002-07-05 | 2005-11-01 | Jorge Gaztelumendi Lamarca | Producto para el consumo humano elaborado a base de pescado y procedimiento de elaboracion. |
| CN1978651B (zh) * | 2005-11-30 | 2010-11-17 | 华北制药集团新药研究开发有限责任公司 | 编码产黄青霉苯乙酸羟化酶的基因及其应用 |
| EP1801221A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-27 | Sandoz AG | Promoter sequences |
| CN104263729B (zh) | 2009-03-16 | 2020-09-15 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产有限公司 | 在网粘菌门微生物中产生蛋白质 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4963487A (en) * | 1985-01-03 | 1990-10-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method for deletion of a gene from a bacteria |
-
1997
- 1997-04-18 ES ES09700833A patent/ES2125195B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-04-16 ZA ZA983216A patent/ZA983216B/xx unknown
- 1998-04-17 CZ CZ984172A patent/CZ417298A3/cs unknown
- 1998-04-17 IL IL12736798A patent/IL127367A0/xx unknown
- 1998-04-17 EE EE9800433A patent/EE9800433A/xx unknown
- 1998-04-17 EP EP98913764A patent/EP0922766A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-04-17 CN CN98800601A patent/CN1226932A/zh active Pending
- 1998-04-17 AU AU68333/98A patent/AU6833398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-17 WO PCT/ES1998/000101 patent/WO1998048019A1/es not_active Ceased
- 1998-04-17 SK SK1705-98A patent/SK170598A3/sk unknown
- 1998-04-17 PL PL98330464A patent/PL330464A1/xx unknown
- 1998-04-17 CA CA002258562A patent/CA2258562A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-17 JP JP10545060A patent/JP2000512513A/ja active Pending
- 1998-04-17 KR KR1019980710346A patent/KR20000016739A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-04-17 HU HU0000853A patent/HUP0000853A2/hu unknown
- 1998-12-17 LT LT98-186A patent/LT98186A/lt unknown
- 1998-12-18 LV LVP-98-281A patent/LV12295B/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4963487A (en) * | 1985-01-03 | 1990-10-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method for deletion of a gene from a bacteria |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| PRIETO M.A. ET AL.: "Characterization of an Escherichia coli aromatic hydroxylase with a broad substrate range", JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY,, vol. 175, no. 7, 1993, pages 2162 - 2167 * |
| SMITH J. ET AL.: "PCR-based gene disruption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae", METHODS IN MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY,, vol. 5, 1995, pages 270 - 277 * |
| SUGUMARAN M. ET AL.: "Microsomal hydroxylation of phenvlacetic and Aspergilus niger", FEMS MICROBIOLOGY Y LETTERS,, vol. 5, 1979, pages 427 - 430 * |
| WU T.S. ET AL.: "Recombinational inactivation of the gene encoding nitrate reductase in Aspergillus parasiticus", APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY,, vol. 59, no. 9, 1993, pages 2998 - 3002 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000037629A3 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-12-21 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | Method of producing antihypercholesterolemic agents |
| US6391583B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-05-21 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method of producing antihypercholesterolemic agents |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ417298A3 (cs) | 1999-03-17 |
| PL330464A1 (en) | 1999-05-24 |
| JP2000512513A (ja) | 2000-09-26 |
| AU6833398A (en) | 1998-11-13 |
| KR20000016739A (ko) | 2000-03-25 |
| LT98186A (lt) | 1999-08-25 |
| ES2125195A1 (es) | 1999-02-16 |
| SK170598A3 (en) | 1999-07-12 |
| CA2258562A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
| HUP0000853A2 (en) | 2000-07-28 |
| LV12295B (en) | 1999-10-20 |
| LV12295A (lv) | 1999-06-20 |
| IL127367A0 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
| EE9800433A (et) | 1999-06-15 |
| EP0922766A1 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| ES2125195B1 (es) | 1999-10-01 |
| ZA983216B (en) | 1998-10-22 |
| CN1226932A (zh) | 1999-08-25 |
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