WO1999003515A2 - In vivo abbaubares metallisches implantat - Google Patents

In vivo abbaubares metallisches implantat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999003515A2
WO1999003515A2 PCT/EP1998/004415 EP9804415W WO9903515A2 WO 1999003515 A2 WO1999003515 A2 WO 1999003515A2 EP 9804415 W EP9804415 W EP 9804415W WO 9903515 A2 WO9903515 A2 WO 9903515A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
medical implant
implant according
iron
magnesium
material contains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1998/004415
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO1999003515A3 (de
Inventor
Bernd Heublein
Gerd Hausdorf
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Individual
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Individual
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7836229&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1999003515(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU91541/98A priority Critical patent/AU9154198A/en
Priority to DE59807846T priority patent/DE59807846D1/de
Priority to AT98943732T priority patent/ATE236667T1/de
Priority to EP98943732A priority patent/EP0923389B1/de
Priority to JP50644199A priority patent/JP5352776B2/ja
Priority to US09/269,084 priority patent/US7879367B2/en
Priority to IL12906598A priority patent/IL129065A0/xx
Publication of WO1999003515A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999003515A2/de
Priority to IL129065A priority patent/IL129065A/en
Publication of WO1999003515A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999003515A3/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to IL172424A priority patent/IL172424A/en
Priority to US12/897,967 priority patent/US20110251669A1/en
Priority to US13/211,921 priority patent/US8771751B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/148—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12027—Type of occlusion
    • A61B17/1204—Type of occlusion temporary occlusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12099—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12099—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder
    • A61B17/12104—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder in an air passage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12099—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder
    • A61B17/12109—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the location of the occluder in a blood vessel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12131—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12131—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device
    • A61B17/1214—Coils or wires
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B17/12131—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device
    • A61B17/12181—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires characterised by the type of occluding device formed by fluidized, gelatinous or cellular remodelable materials, e.g. embolic liquids, foams or extracellular matrices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/866—Material or manufacture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/042—Iron or iron alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/047—Other specific metals or alloys not covered by A61L27/042 - A61L27/045 or A61L27/06
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/58—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L31/022—Metals or alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022—Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00004—(bio)absorbable, (bio)resorbable or resorptive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30062—(bio)absorbable, biodegradable, bioerodable, (bio)resorbable, resorptive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00017—Iron- or Fe-based alloys, e.g. stainless steel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to implants made of metallic materials for use in human or animal bodies.
  • Such implants have basically been known for a long time.
  • the first implants were developed for orthopedic purposes, such as screws and nails for fixing broken bones. These initially consisted of relatively simple iron alloys that tended to corrode under in vivo conditions. Corrosion resulted in the release of metals as ions in the immediate vicinity of the bone, which gave an undesirable incentive for the growth of the bone tissue. The bone has grown stronger than is actually desired and required. This damaged the healthy bone material.
  • Metallic implants are also known in the field of vascular surgery and cardiology, angiology and radiology. These implants include, for example, endoluminal and stents for the treatment of lesions. These sockets serve z. B. for expanding and maintaining lumen of narrowed vessels by holding the vessel lumen on a correspondingly optimal inside diameter starting from the vessel lumen with a balloon catheter (balloon expandable) or self-expanding (seif expandmg). The implant is then only required until the diseased vessel can maintain the required diameter permanently through biological repair processes under its own steam. This is generally the case about 4 weeks after implantation.
  • the permanent whereabouts of a metallic implant have some disadvantages.
  • the implant leads to local and possibly also systemic reactions.
  • the self-regulation of the affected vascular segment is hampered.
  • the constant (pulsatile) loading of the metal can lead to fatigue fractures, which can lead to new medical problems with large-lumen implants (e.g. closure systems such as umbrellas).
  • Vessel sockets in smaller lumens (2.5 - 6 mm) produce a new stenosis (so-called in-stent stenosis) in about 20%, which cumulatively leads to additional medical and economic stress due to the high number of implants.
  • in-stent stenosis in some vascular regions (e.g.
  • plastic materials for example from DE 2502884 C2.
  • plastic materials include polylactide and polyglycolic acid esters.
  • EP 0006544 Bl e biodegradable ceramic material based on calcium phosphate, which is also used to coat metallic implants.
  • an orthopedic implant is known from WO 81/02668, which features a corrosion-resistant metallic base body and a biodegradable, metallic intermediate layer for the contact area with the bone. Together with the basic body, this intermediate layer forms an electrochemical cell and generates an electrical voltage that requires bone growth. At the same time, the surface layer, which can consist of silver alloys, for example, is broken down. This leads to the desired effect that the bone growth is positively influenced as long as it is necessary and then decreases after the complete removal of the surface coating of the electrical Re z.
  • the medical implant is made of a metallic material that can be degraded in vivo by corrosion, there are primarily the mechanical advantages of metallic materials.
  • the corrosive degradation of the implant within a time scale that can be set by material selection prevents the negative long-term effects of the metallic foreign body from occurring.
  • the material is pure iron, optionally with a proportion of up to 7% carbon or an alloy or a sintered metal, the main constituent of which is selected from the group of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, zinc or aluminum. Magnesium or iron is currently preferred as the main ingredient.
  • the biological, mechanical and chemical properties of the materials can be positively influenced if manganese, cobalt, nickel, chromium, copper, cadmium, lead, tin, thorium, zirconium, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, rhenium, silicon, calcium, Lithium, aluminum, zinc, iron, carbon or sulfur is provided.
  • an alloy of magnesium with a proportion of up to 40% lithium and iron addition or an iron alloy with a small proportion of aluminum, magnesium, nickel and / or zinc is currently preferred as the material.
  • a good one especially at the beginning of the degradation period Corrosion occurs in an alloy or a sintered metal from approximately equal parts of zinc and iron.
  • lithium 0-5% iron and less than 5% other metals or rare earths
  • Such magnesium alloys are e.g. available under the designations AZ91D, AM50A and AE42.
  • the medical implant is designed in several basic versions.
  • a tubular structure with additional processing is provided as the basic body for a vessel support.
  • Passive and / or actively deployable umbrella shapes, spirals or complex bodies are advantageous as a closure system (e.g. botalli duct, congenital and acquired septal defects, arterio-venous shunt connections).
  • the invention is also applicable to occluders as closure systems for cavity connections, vessels or duct systems.
  • the implant is also advantageous to provide the implant as a fastening or support device for the temporary fixation of tissue parts in the form of implants or transplants.
  • the material material strength is selected depending on the composition of the material so that the degradation or corrosion process in vivo between 5 days and 6 months, in particular between 2 weeks and 8 weeks, in is essentially completed.
  • the implant is designed as an orthopedic implant, as an implant for dentistry, for surgery in the upper abdomen or for trauma surgery, in particular for the treatment of the human body, the alloy being chosen so that the bone growth is not negative or is unduly influenced.
  • Orthopedic implants according to the invention in the form of nails, screws or plates can be designed in such a way that they are broken down after the treated bone fracture has healed and do not have to be removed in a second operation.
  • a stent according to the invention is made from a tubular basic body of metal and subsequent processing manufactured.
  • Such stents are known mechanically, for example from EP 0221570 B1, but the material is a corrosion-resistant stainless steel
  • the material is either an alloy with the main constituent magnesium and possibly the minor constituents lithium, iron, zinc and traces of nickel, or an alloy with the main constituent iron and the minor constituents chromium and nickel and possibly traces of other additives .
  • the percentage composition of the magnesium alloy should be in the range of 50-98% magnesium, 0-40% lithium, 0-5% iron and less than 5% other metals, that of the iron alloy approximately 88-99% iron, 0.5 - 7% chromium and 0.5 - 3.5% nickel as well as and less than 5% other metals.
  • the wall thickness of the stent struts should be between 50 and 100 mm after processing.
  • the stent according to the invention is inserted in a manner known per se with a balloon catheter into a pathologically narrowed blood vessel and is dilated there or released as a self-expanding stent, keeping the blood vessel at the desired diameter. Restenosis (recoil) remaining without stent implantation and / or tissue tear induced by dilation are treated effectively.
  • the stent is covered by intimate tissue and initially maintains its support function.
  • the blood vessel gains new inherent stability due to tissue growth as a result of self-repair processes in the area of the implanted stent.
  • the vessel lumen is stabilized at an optimal level.
  • a closure system (umbrella) according to the invention is manufactured from a metallic skeleton to which a plastic umbrella is attached.
  • Umbrellas of this type are known, for example, from the alloy MP35N or Nitmol. Such occlusion systems are used to occlude defects in the cardiac septum.
  • the wall thickness of the metallic frame is around 500 mm.
  • the umbrella is folded up in a manner known per se and released in the defect to be closed. Within 3 - 4 weeks, the umbrella is covered by the body's own tissue and this tissue growth gives it a new level of stability.
  • the choice of the alloy material together with the fabric wall thickness leads to the metallic framework being dismantled within 4 weeks to a few months and only one trace remaining after one year.
  • the plastic part of the umbrella remains, which is not critical due to the flexibility of the material.
  • the degradation of the metallic part has the advantage over the known umbrellas that even with unforeseen loads e.g. in traffic accidents there is no longer any risk of piercing the walls of the vessel.
  • the advantage according to the invention is already achieved if the degradation initially causes the scaffold to become mechanically unstable.
  • Example 3 Spiral for closing vessels (occluder)
  • An inventive spiral (coil) is made from a metallic material wound in a helical shape and the spiral is pre-bent.
  • the diameter of the primary winding is 0.1 - 1 mm, e after the vessel to be closed.
  • Such coils are known, for example from nitmol, platinum alloys or tungsten alloys.
  • the material is an alloy with the main component iron, the secondary components nickel and / or chromium and traces of magnesium and zinc.
  • the closure coil (coil) is introduced in a manner known per se in the stretched state and a heart catheter is advanced through it to the vessel to be closed.
  • the coil When released from the cardiac catheter, the coil returns to its old shape and closes the vessel to be closed due to its lumen and thrombogenicity, which can be increased by Dacron or other fibers.
  • the closure mechanism After thrombosis of the vessel and ingrowth of connective tissue, the closure mechanism is given a new inherent stability.
  • the applied spiral is gradually broken down, so that after about a year the implanted material is only present in traces.
  • the exemplary embodiments mentioned so far can be produced both with magnesium alloys and with iron alloys. Toxic effects of the materials at the expected concentrations are not known.
  • Magnesium alloys have the advantage that the rate of degradation to be expected in vivo can be selected very precisely by a suitable choice of the other alloy components. Magnesium is also physiologically very well tolerated. Iron alloys are advantageous in terms of the mechanical stability, which is expressed in the possible small wall thickness of the implants. The alloy material can therefore be selected depending on the application.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein medizinisches Implantat aus einem metallischen Werkstoff. Nachteilige Langzeiteffekte werden dadurch verhindert, dass das Implantat durch Korrosion mit definierter Rate abgebaut wird, nachdem es seine temporäre Stützfunktion erfüllt hat.

Description

In vivo abbaubares metallisches Implantat
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Implantate aus metallischen Werkstoffen zum Einsatz m dem menschlichen oder tierischen Korper.
Derartige Implantate sind grundsätzlich seit langem bekannt. Die ersten Implantate wurden zu orthopädischen Zwecken entwickelt, beispielsweise Schrauben und Nagel zum Fixieren von Knochenbruchen . Diese bestanden zunächst aus relativ einfachen Eisenlegierungen, die unter in vivo-Bedmgungen zu Korrosion neigten. Die Korrosion führte dazu, daß m unmittelbarer Nahe des Knochens Metalle als Ionen freigesetzt wurden, die einen unerwünschten Anreiz für das Wachstum des Knochengewebes gegeben haben. Der Knochen ist starker gewachsen, als es eigentlich erwünscht und erforderlich ist. Hierdurch wurde das gesunde Knochenmaterial geschadigt.
Aus diesem Grund ist man bestrebt, metallische Implantate grundsätzlich aus möglichst korrosionsbeständigen Materialien zu fertigen. Hier sind derzeit hauptsächlich korrosionsbeständige Edelstahle, Tantal und Titan im Gebrauch. Diese Implantate bleiben nach der Implantierung als Fremdkörper präsent und werden als solche vom Organismus erkannt. Sie sind nur durch eine zweite Operation zu entfernen .
Außerdem sind metallische Implantate im Bereich der Gefaßchirurgie und der Kardiologie, Angiologie und Radiologie bekannt. Diese Implantate umfassen zum Beispiel endolummale und Gefaßstutzen (Stents) zur Behandlung von Lasionen. Diese Stutzen dienen z. B. zur Aufweitung und Lumenerhaltung von verengten Gefäßen, indem sie vom Gefaßlumen ausgehend mit einem Ballonkatheter (balloon expandable) oder selbstexpandierend (seif expandmg) das Gefaßlumen auf einem entsprechend optimalen Innendurchmesser halten. Das Implantat ist an s ch nur so lange erforderlich, bis das erkrankte Gefäß durch biologische Reparaturvorgange aus eigener Kraft den erforderlichen Durchmesser dauerhaft halten kann. Dies ist im allgemeinen etwa 4 Wochen nach Implantation der Fall.
Der dauerhafte Verbleib eines metallischen Implantats ist jedoch mit einigen Nachteilen verbunden. Das Implantat fuhrt als Fremdkörper zu lokalen und eventuell auch systemischen Reaktionen. Zusätzlich wird die Selbstregulation des betroffenen Gefaßsegments behindert. Die standige (pulsatile) Belastung des Metalls kann zu Ermudungsbruchen fuhren, was bei großlumigen Implantaten (z. B. Verschlußsystemen wie Schirmchen) zu neuen medizinischen Problemen fuhren kann. Gefaßstutzen in kleineren Lumina (2,5 - 6 mm) erzeugen in etwa 20% eine erneute Stenosierung (sogenannte In-Stent- Stenose), was bei der hohen Zahl der Implantate kumulativ zu einer zusätzlichen medizinischen und ökonomischen Belastung fuhrt. In einigen Gefaßregionen (z. B. extrakramelle Gefäße, Beinarterien) kann die metallische Struktur durch Krafteinwirkung von außen dauerhaft verformt werden mit den Folgen einer erneuten Gefaßobstruktion bzw. eines induzierten Gefaßverschlusses. Jedes Daueπmplantat ist zusätzlich mit Problemen insbesondere für jüngere Patienten deshalb verbunden, weil ein Verbleiben für Jahrzehnte unausweichlich
Vollkommen biologisch abbaubare Implantate sind bislang nur aus Kunststoffmaterialien bekannt, beispielsweise aus der DE 2502884 C2. Dort wird eine Beschichtung eines orthopädischen Implantats mit Polymethylmethacrylat offenbart, das biodegradabel ist. Andere Kunststoffmaterialien umfassen Polylactid- und Polyglycolsaureester. Außerdem ist aus der EP 0006544 Bl e n biodegradables Keramikmaterial auf Basis von Calciumphosphat bekannt, das ebenfalls zur Beschichtung von metallischen Implantaten dient.
Schließlich ist aus der WO 81/02668 ein orthopädisches Implantat bekannt, das einen korrosionsbeständigen metallischen Grundkorper sowie eine biologisch abbaubare, metallische Zwischenschicht für den Kontaktbereich zum Knochen ausweist. Diese Zwischenschicht bildet zusammen mit dem Grundkorper eine elektrochemische Zelle und erzeugt eine elektrische Spannung, die das Knochenwachstum fordert. Gleichzeitig wird die Oberflachenschicht, die beispielsweise aus Silberlegierungen bestehen kann, abgebaut. Dies fuhrt zu dem angestrebten Effekt, daß das Knochenwachstum so lange positiv beeinflußt wird, wie es erforderlich ist und dann nach vollständigem Abbau der Oberflachenbeschichtung der elektrische Re z nachlaßt.
Bisher bekannte biodegradable Substanzen auf Polymerbasis werden m der Gefaßchirurgie verwendet. Ihre mechanischen Eigenschaften einerseits und die nachfolgende Fremdkorperreaktion wahrend der Biodegradation andererseits fuhren dazu, daß sie als alleiniges Material für eine Implantation ungeeignet sind. Metallische Werkstoffe/Legierungen besitzen gunstige mechanische Eigenschaften (Elastizität, Verformbarkeit, Stabilität) bei geringerer Masse, was für die Applikation durch dunnlumige Fuhrungssysteme bei transkutanem Vorgehen eine wichtige Voraussetzung darstellt.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Implantate aus biodegradablem Material zur Verfugung zu stellen, die zugleich vorteilhafte mechanische Eigenschaften aufweisen.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch Implantate mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelost.
Weil das medizinische Implantat aus einem metallischen Werkstoff gefertigt ist, der durch Korrosion m vivo abbaubar ist, liegen primär die mechanischen Vorteile metallischer Werkstoffe vor. Der korrosive Abbau des Implantats innerhalb einer durch Mateπalwahl einstellbaren Zeitskala verhindert andererseits, daß die negativen Langzeiteffekte des metallischen Fremdkörpers eintreten. Dabei ist es biologisch vorteilhaft, wenn der Werkstoff Reineisen gegebenenfalls mit einem Anteil von bis zu 7% Kohlenstoff oder eine Legierung oder ein Sintermetall ist, deren Hauptbestandteil aus der Gruppe der Alkalimetalle, der Erdalkalimetalle, Eisen, Zink oder Aluminium ausgewählt ist. Derzeit wird als Hauptbestandteil Magnesium oder Eisen bevorzugt.
Die biologischen, mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe sind positiv beeinflußbar, wenn als Nebenbestandteil Mangan, Kobalt, Nickel, Chrom, Kupfer, Cadmium, Blei, Zinn, Thorium, Zirkonium, Silber, Gold, Palladium, Platin, Rhenium, Silicium, Calcium, Lithium, Aluminium, Zink, Eisen, Kohlenstoff oder Schwefel vorgesehen ist. Als Material wird insgesamt derzeit entweder eine Legierung aus Magnesium mit einem Anteil von bis zu 40% Lithium sowie Eisenzusatz oder eine Eisenlegierung mit einem geringen Anteil an Aluminium, Magnesium, Nickel und/oder Zink bevorzugt. Eine besonders zu Beginn der Degradationszeit gute Korrosion ergibt sich bei einer Legierung oder einem Sintermetall aus etwa gleichen Teilen Zink und Eisen.
Vorteilhafte Abbauzeiten haben sich weiter ergeben bei Werkstoffen mit dem Hauptbestandteil Magnesium und entweder
- 0 - 40% Lithium, 0 - 5% Eisen und unter 5% andere Metalle oder seltene Erden;
2 - 5% Aluminium, 0 - 12% Lithium und 1 - 4% seltene Erden, insbesondere Cer, Lanthan, Neodym und/oder Praseodym,
- 6 - 12% Lithium, 2% Aluminium und 1% seltene Erden,
- 0 - 8% Lithium, 2 - 4% Aluminium und 1 - 2 % seltene Erden,
- 8,5 - 9,5% Aluminium, 0,15% - 0,4% Mangan, 0,45 - 0,9% Zink
- 4,5 - 5,3% Aluminium, 0,28% - 0,5% Mangan oder
- 30 - 40% Lithium und 0 - 5% andere Metalle und/oder seltene Erden enthalt.
Derartige Magnesiumlegierungen sind z.B. unter den Bezeichnungen AZ91D, AM50A und AE42 verfugbar.
Das medizinische Implantat wird in mehreren Grundvarianten ausgeführt. Für eine Gefaßstutze ist als Grundkorper ein rohrformiger Aufbau mit zusatzlicher Bearbeitung vorgesehen. Als Verschlußsystem (z. B. Ductus Botalli, angeborene und erworbene Septumdefekte, arterio-venose Shuntverbmdungen) sind passiv und/oder aktiv entfaltbare Schirmformen, Spiralen oder komplexe Korper vorteilhaft. Die Erfindung ist auch anwendbar bei Okkludern als Verschlußsysteme für Hohlraumverbindungen, Gefäße oder Gangsysteme.
Es ist außerdem vorteilhaft, das Implantat als Befestigungsoder Stutzvorrichtung für die temporare Fixierung von Gewebeteilen m Form von Implantaten oder Transplantaten vorzusehen .
Zur Einstellung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit des Werkstoffs ist von Vorteil, wenn die Mateπalstarke des Werkstoffs in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffs so gewählt ist, daß der Abbau- oder Korrosionsvorgang in vivo zwischen 5 Tagen und 6 Monaten, insbesondere zwischen 2 Wochen und 8 Wochen, im wesentlichen abgeschlossen ist.
Hierbei wird erreicht, daß nach einem Anwachsen des Gewebeimplantats die dann nicht mehr benotigte Fixiervorrichtung verschwindet.
Schließlich ist von Vorteil, wenn das Implantat als orthopädisches Implantat, als Implantat für die Zahnmedizin, für die Chirurgie im Oberbauch oder für die Unfallchirurgie insbesondere für die Behandlung des menschlichen Korpers ausgeführt ist, wobei die Legierung so zu wählen ist, daß das Knochenwachstum nicht negativ oder übermäßig beeinflußt wird. Erfmdungsgemaße orthopädische Implantate m Form von Nageln, Schrauben oder Platten können so gestaltet werden, daß sie nach Ausheilen des behandelten Knochenbruchs abgebaut werden und nicht m einer zweiten Operation entfernt werden müssen.
Im folgenden werden verschiedene Ausfuhrungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung gegeben.
Beispiel 1: Gefaßstutze
Ein erfmdungsgemaßer Stent wird aus einem rohrformigen Grundkorper des metallischen und nachfolgender Bearbeitung gefertigt. Vom mechanischen Aufbau her sind derartige Stents beispielsweise aus der EP 0221570 Bl bekannt, wobei das Material jedoch ein korrosionsbeständiger Edelstahl
Bei dem erfmdungsgemaßen Stent nach diesem Beispiel ist das Material entweder eine Legierung mit dem Hauptbestandteil Magnesium und gegebenenfalls den Nebenbestandteilen Lithium, Eisen, Zink und Spuren von Nickel, oder eine Legierung mit dem Hauptbestandteil Eisen und den Nebenbestandteilen Chrom und Nickel sowie gegebenenfalls Spuren von anderen Zuschlagen. Die prozentuale Zusammensetzung der Magnesiumlegierung soll etwa im Bereich von 50 - 98% Magnesium, 0 - 40% Lithium, 0 - 5% Eisen und unter 5% andere Metalle liegen, die der Eisenlegierung etwa im Bereich 88 - 99% Eisen, 0,5 - 7% Chrom und 0,5 - 3,5% Nickel sowie und unter 5% andere Metalle. Die Wandstarke der Stentstreben soll nach der Bearbeitung zwischen 50 und 100 mm betragen.
In der Praxis wird der erfmdungsgemaße Stent m an sich bekannter Weise mit einem Ballonkatheter in ein krankhaft verengtes Blutgefäß eingesetzt und dort dilatiert oder als selbstexpandierender Stent freigesetzt, wobei er das Blutgefäß auf dem gewünschten Durchmesser halt. Eine ohne Stent-Implantation verbleibende Restenose (Recoil) und/oder ein durch die Dilatation induzierter Geweberiß werden wirkungsvoll behandelt. Innerhalb von 2 - 4 Wochen wird der Stent von Intimagewebe überdeckt und behalt seine Stutzfunktion zunächst bei. Das Blutgefäß erhalt durch Gewebewachstum infolge von Eigenreparaturvorgangen im Bereich des implantierten Stents eine neue Eigenstabilitat . Das Gefaßlumen wird auf einem optimalen Niveau stabilisiert. Die Wahl des Legierungsmaterials zusammen mit der gewählten Wandstarke fuhren andererseits dazu, daß der Stent in der Wandung des Blutgefäßes allmählich abgebaut wird und nach etwa 4 - 12 Wochen nur noch in Spuren vorliegt. Die auf Seite 2 geschilderten Nachteile eines Daueπmplantats gehen verloren.
Beispiel 2 : Verschlußsystem
Em erfmdungsgemaßes Verschlußsystem (Schirmchen) wird aus einem metallischen Skelett, an dem ein Kunststoffschirmchen befestigt ist, gefertigt. Derartige Schirmchen sind bekannt beispielsweise aus der Legierung MP35N oder Nitmol . Derartige Verschlußsysteme werden zum Verschluß von Defekten in den Herzscheidewanden verwendet. Die Wandstarke des metallischen Gerüstes betragt um 500 mm. In der Praxis wird das Schirmchen in an sich bekannter Weise zusammengefaltet und m dem zu verschließenden Defekt freigesetzt. Innerhalb von 3 - 4 Wochen wird das Schirmchen vom körpereigenen Gewebe bedeckt und erhalt durch dieses Gewebewachstum eine neue Eigenstabilitat . Die Wahl des Legierungsmaterials zusammen mit der Gewebewandstarke fuhrt dazu, daß das metallische Gerüst innerhalb von 4 Wochen bis einigen Monaten abgebaut w rd und nach einem Jahr nur noch m Spuren vorliegt. Der Kunststoffanteil des Schirmchens bleibt erhalten, was aufgrund der Flexibilität des Materials unkritisch ist. Der Abbau des metallischen Anteils hat gegenüber den bekannten Schirmchen den Vorteil, daß auch bei unvorhergesehenen Belastungen z.B. bei Verkehrsunfällen keine Gefahr des Durchstoßens von Gefaßwandungen mehr besteht. Dabei wird der erf dungsgemaße Vorteil bereits erreicht, wenn zunächst durch die Degradation eine mechanische Instabilität des Gerusts entsteht.
Beispiel 3: Spirale zum Verschließen von Gefäßen (Okkluder) Eine erfmdungsgemaße Spirale (Coil) wird aus einem m Helixform gewickelten metallischen Material gefertigt und die Spirale vorgebogen. Der Durchmesser der Primärwicklung betragt 0,1 - 1 mm, e nach dem zu verschließenden Gefäß. Derartige Spiralen (Coils) sind bekannt, beispielsweise aus Nitmol, Platinlegierungen oder Wolframlegierungen .
Bei der vorliegenden erfmdungsgemaßen Ausfuhrungsform ist das Material eine Legierung mit dem Hauptbestandteil Eisen, den Nebenbestandteilen Nickel und/oder Chrom sowie Spuren von Magnesium und Zink.
In der Praxis wird die Verschlußspirale (Coil) an sich bekannter Weise m gestrecktem Zustand einen Herzkatheter eingeführt und durch diesen bis zu dem zu verschließenden Gefäß vorgeschoben. Bei der Freisetzung aus dem Herzkatheter nimmt die Spirale wieder ihre alte Form an und verschließt durch ihr Lumen und ihre Thrombogenitat , die durch Dacron oder andere Fasern erhöht werden kann, das zu verschließende Gefäß. Nach Thrombosierung des Gefäßes und Einwachsen von Bindegewebe erhalt der Verschlußmechanismus eine neue Eigenstabilitat. Die applizierte Spirale wird allmählich abgebaut, so daß nach etwa einem Jahr das implantierte Material nur noch in Spuren vorliegt.
Die insoweit genannten Ausfuhrungsbeispiele lassen sich sowohl mit Magnesiumlegierungen als auch mit Eisenlegierungen fertigen. Toxische Wirkungen der Materialien bei den zu erwartenden Konzentrationen sind nicht bekannt.
Magnesiumlegierungen haben den Vorteil, daß durch geeignete Wahl der übrigen Legierungsbestandteile die m vivo zu erwartende Abbaugeschwindigkeit sehr genau gewählt werden kann. Außerdem ist Magnesium physiologisch sehr gut vertraglich. Eisenlegierungen sind vorteilhaft hinsichtlich der mechanischen Stabilität, was sich in den möglichen geringen Wandstarken der Implantate ausdruckt. Das Legierungsmaterial kann deshalb je nach Anwendungsfall ausgewählt werden.

Claims

Patentansprüche
1. Medizinisches Implantat, aus einem metallischen Werkstoff, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff durch Korrosion in vivo abbaubar ist.
2. Medizinisches Implantat nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff Reineisen oder eine Legierung ist, deren Hauptbestandteil aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die folgendes umfaßt: Alkalimetalle, Erdalkalimetalle, Eisen, Zink, Aluminium.
3. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff als Hauptbestandteil Magnesium, Eisen oder Zink enthält.
4. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff Eisen und 0,5% bis 7% Kohlenstoff enthält.
5. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff Eisen und Zink in etwa gleicher Konzentration enthält.
6. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff als Nebenbestandteil em oder mehrere Elemente aus der Gruppe enthalt, die folgendes umfaßt: Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Sn, Th, Zr, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Re, Si, Ca, Li, AI, Zn, Fe, C, S.
. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff 50 - 98% Magnesium, 0 - 40% Lithium, 0 - 5% Eisen und unter 5% andere Metalle oder seltene Erden enthalt.
8. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff 79 - 97% Magnesium, 2 - 5% Aluminium, 0 - 12% Lithium und 1 - 4% seltene Erden, insbesondere Cer, Lanthan, Neodym und/oder Praseodym enthalt.
9. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff 85 - 91% Magnesium, 6 - 12% Lithium, 2% Aluminium und 1% seltene Erden enthalt.
10. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff 86 - 97% Magnesium, 0 - 8% Lithium, 2 - 4% Aluminium und 1 - 2 % seltene Erden enthalt.
11. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff 8,5 - 9,5% Aluminium, 0,15% - 0,4% Mangan, 0,45 - 0,9% Zink und den Rest zu 100% Magnesium enthalt.
12. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff 4,5 - 5,3% Aluminium, 0,28% - 0,5% Mangan und den Rest zu 100% Magnesium enthalt.
13. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff 55 - 65% Magnesium, 30 - 40% Lithium und 0 - 5% andere Metalle und/oder seltene Erden enthalt.
14. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff 88 - 99,8% Eisen, 0,1 - 7% Chrom und 0 - 3,5% Nickel sowie unter 5% andere Metalle enthalt.
15. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Werkstoff 90 - 96% Eisen, 3 - 6% Chrom und 0 - 3% Nickel sowie 0 - 5% andere Metalle enthalt.
16. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Implantat eine Gefaßstutze ist.
17. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Implantat einen im wesentlichen rohrformigen Grundkorper aufweist.
18. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Implantat eine Spirale (Coil), ein Schirm, e Stent , em Drahtgeflecht, em Clip oder em Pfropfen ist.
19. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Implantat eine endolummale Stutzfunktion in Hohlorganen und/oder Gangsystemen (z. B. Harnleiter, Gallengange, Harnrohre, Uterus, Bronchien) aufweist.
20. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Implantat em Okkluder als Verschlußsystem für Hohlraumverbindungen, Gefäße oder Gangsysteme ist.
21. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Implantat eine Bef estigungs- oder Stutzvorrichtung für die temporare Fixierung von Gewebeimplantaten oder -transplantaten ist
22. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß das Implantat em orthopädisches Implantat, beispielsweise eine Schraube, em Nagel, em Draht, eine Platte oder em Teil eines Gelenks ist.
23. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Materialstärke des Werkstoffs in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffs so gewählt ist, daß der Abbau- oder Korrosionsvorgang in vivo im Bereich von 5 Tagen bis zu 6 Monaten, insbesondere zwischen 2 Wochen und 8 Wochen im wesentlichen abgeschlossen ist.
24. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 16, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Materialstärke des Werkstoffs in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffs so gewählt ist, daß der Abbau- oder Korrosionsvorgang in vivo im Bereich von 6 Monaten bis zu 10 Jahren, insbesondere zwischen 1 Jahr und 5 Jahren im wesentlichen abgeschlossen ist.
25. Medizinisches Implantat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Abbau- oder Korrosionsvorgang in vivo zunächst zu einer mechanischen Instabilität führt, bevor der Abbauvorgang im wesentlichen abgeschlossen ist.
PCT/EP1998/004415 1997-07-18 1998-07-17 In vivo abbaubares metallisches implantat Ceased WO1999003515A2 (de)

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AU91541/98A AU9154198A (en) 1997-07-18 1998-07-17 Metallic implant which is degradable in vivo
DE59807846T DE59807846D1 (de) 1997-07-18 1998-07-17 In vivo abbaubares metallisches implantat
AT98943732T ATE236667T1 (de) 1997-07-18 1998-07-17 In vivo abbaubares metallisches implantat
EP98943732A EP0923389B1 (de) 1997-07-18 1998-07-17 In vivo abbaubares metallisches implantat
JP50644199A JP5352776B2 (ja) 1997-07-18 1998-07-17 生体内で分解可能な金属のインプラント
US09/269,084 US7879367B2 (en) 1997-07-18 1998-07-17 Metallic implant which is degradable in vivo
IL12906598A IL129065A0 (en) 1997-07-18 1998-07-17 Metallic implant which is degradable in vivo
IL129065A IL129065A (en) 1997-07-18 1999-03-18 Metallicvascular support which is degradable in vivo
IL172424A IL172424A (en) 1997-07-18 2005-12-07 Metallic vascular support which is degradable in vivo
US12/897,967 US20110251669A1 (en) 1997-07-18 2010-10-05 Metallic implant which is degradable in vivo
US13/211,921 US8771751B2 (en) 1997-07-18 2011-08-17 Metallic implant which is degradable in vivo

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DE19731021.4 1997-07-18
DE19731021A DE19731021A1 (de) 1997-07-18 1997-07-18 In vivo abbaubares metallisches Implantat

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US12/897,967 Continuation US20110251669A1 (en) 1997-07-18 2010-10-05 Metallic implant which is degradable in vivo
US13/211,921 Continuation US8771751B2 (en) 1997-07-18 2011-08-17 Metallic implant which is degradable in vivo

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EP (3) EP1552856B1 (de)
JP (3) JP5352776B2 (de)
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DE (3) DE19731021A1 (de)
DK (1) DK1270023T3 (de)
ES (2) ES2243635T3 (de)
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Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19945049A1 (de) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-22 Meyer Joerg Durch Korrosion abbaubare medizinische Implantate aus Wolframlegierungen
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