WO1999014502A1 - Pompe a vide a spirales - Google Patents
Pompe a vide a spirales Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999014502A1 WO1999014502A1 PCT/CH1997/000343 CH9700343W WO9914502A1 WO 1999014502 A1 WO1999014502 A1 WO 1999014502A1 CH 9700343 W CH9700343 W CH 9700343W WO 9914502 A1 WO9914502 A1 WO 9914502A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spiral
- wall
- vacuum pump
- disc
- pump according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/10—Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
- F01C21/102—Adjustment of the interstices between moving and fixed parts of the machine by means other than fluid pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
- F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
- F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
- F04C18/0223—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving with symmetrical double wraps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spiral vacuum pump, in particular the means for ensuring a certain seal between the movable part and the fixed part of the pump.
- Spiral vacuum pumps are generally known in the art. They consist in particular of a fixed envelope portion supporting at least a first wall in the form of a spiral, and a movable portion, supporting at least a second wall in the form of a spiral, moving in an orbital motion at the inside said envelope portion.
- the two spirals being nested one inside the other, the orbital movement of the spiral mounted on the movable portion relative to the spiral mounted on the fixed envelope portion creates a change of shape and a displacement, along said spirals, a plurality of transfer chambers, each limited by a wall portion of the fixed casing portion, the movable portion and two spirals.
- An important problem of known pumps consists in ensuring the tightness of the transfer chamber, between the edge of the fixed spiral and the wall portion of the movable portion which faces it as well as between the edge of the movable spiral and the wall portion of the fixed envelope portion which faces it, respectively between the transfer chambers.
- One known way of solving this problem consists in allowing a slight axial movement of the movable portion on its axis, and in ensuring the sealing of the transfer chamber by placing a seal disposed in a groove running along the edges of the spirals, said seals coming into sliding contact against the walls which face them, thus causing the movable portion according to an orbital movement to center itself inside the fixed envelope portion.
- the seal must be a wear seal, that is to say relatively rigid, respectively having only little elasticity.
- a first method consists in interposing a flexible seal between the bottom of the groove and the wear seal; the dimensional adaptation being produced by the flexible joint.
- a major drawback of this solution comes from its high cost.
- a second method consists in providing an air circulation channel between the bottom of the groove and the sliding joint, this air circulation channel having an intake orifice at a place in the spiral where the air is relatively high pressure.
- One of the drawbacks of this method comes from the irregularities of effect between various operating modes of the pump.
- these systems where the seals are in sliding contact with a wall lead to wear of said seals, or to fouling of the transfer chamber and the need for frequent change of seals, as well as 'to a heating of the walls on which the joints slide.
- sealing is not guaranteed in the same way between new seals and worn seals, leading to a deterioration in the performance of the pump during use.
- a first object of the invention is therefore to propose a spiral vacuum pump which does not meet the mentioned drawbacks of known pumps.
- the proposed pump avoids using seals in sliding contact on a wall; on the contrary, a very slight clearance is left during the mounting of the pump between the seal and the wall which faces it.
- This first provision avoids having to install an elastic means under the joint.
- the movable portion is mounted on its axis so as to have no possible axial movement.
- FIG. 1 represents a view in longitudinal section of a preferred embodiment of a spiral vacuum pump according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a cross-sectional view along the line II-II of the previous figure
- FIG. 3A represents an enlarged sectional section of a spiral joint
- FIG. 3B represents the same portion of the device in the embodiment without joint
- FIG. 4 represents an enlarged sectional view along line IV-IV of FIG. 2.
- Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a scroll vacuum pump 1 seen in section along its longitudinal axis.
- the pump shown is composed of a drive part 10, in this case an electric motor, of a coupling part 11 as well as of the pump body 12, these three elements being connected by an external carcass 13, it - even mounted on a chassis 14.
- the pump body 12 essentially comprises a fixed portion 2 and a movable portion 3.
- the fixed portion 2 is composed of two half-shells 20 and 21, fixed together by fixing means such as for example the screws 22, the half-shell 20 being fixed to the carcass 13, respectively to the frame 14, by other fixing means such as for example the screws 23.
- a circular seal 24 seals between the two half-shells 20 and 21.
- the bottom walls 25, respectively 26, of the two half-shells 20 and 21 are essentially plane along a plane perpendicular to the axis 15 of the pump and each comprise a spiral wall 27, respectively 28, projecting perpendicularly to said bottom walls 25 and 26, and extending from a region close to the large diameter part of the wall 25 or 26 towards a region close to the center of each of the same walls.
- the movable portion 3 is composed of a central disc 30 supporting on each of its opposite faces 31 and 32 a spiral wall 33, respectively 34, projecting perpendicularly to said faces 31 and 32, and extending from a region close to the part of large diameter of the face 31 or 32 towards a region close to the center of each of the same faces.
- Figure 2 which is a section along the line ll-ll of Figure 1, shows the half-shell 20 and the spiral 28 which is adjacent to the half-shell 21, as well as the central disc 30 and the spiral 34 which is attached. We see that the two spirals 28 and 34 have the same development and are nested.
- the disc 30 is mounted in its center on a shaft portion 16 mounted eccentrically to the axis 15 of the drive shaft 17 of the pump (see Figure 1); on the other hand, the disc 30 is guided by eccentric guide means 4 (see Figure 2).
- the disk 30, respectively the whole of the mobile portion 3 has an orbital movement during the rotation of the drive axis 17.
- this orbital movement between the mobile spiral 34 and the fixed spiral 28 creates a change in shape, a displacement as well as a reduction in volume of a transfer chamber 50 disposed between the walls of the two said spirals, leading to an admission and compression of the gas or air that 'it contains.
- the same arrangement of spirals 27 and 33 is provided on the other side of the disc 30, for the same effect.
- the spiral 34 During its orbital movement, the upper edge 34A of the spiral 34 scans a portion of the surface 26.
- the spiral 34 has a seal 5 on its upper edge 34A in order to separate two transfer chambers 50 and 51 arranged on each side of the spiral 34.
- the seal 5 has the same spiral shape as the spiral wall which supports it, being fixed in a grooved housing 34B arranged in the edge 34A. Since this seal must be able to slide on the wall 26, it is generally fairly rigid and is not very compressible. In the pumps existing to date, in order to seal between the transfer chambers 50 and 51, pressure means were provided under the seal 5 in order to press the upper face 52 of said seal against the wall 26.
- These pressure means consisted either of a second elastic seal disposed at the bottom of the housing 34B, or of a gas or air pressure chamber provided in the bottom of the housing 34B. As indicated previously, these means led to heating due to the friction of the seal against the wall, to wear of the seal and fouling of the transfer chambers.
- the solution proposed here takes into account the fact that two opposite transfer chambers on a spiral, the two chambers 50 and 51 in the example shown, are at pressures that are relatively little different from each other on a given portion of surface 26, respectively for a determined angular position of the orbital movement (see figure 2).
- the absolute pressure in a transfer chamber increases regularly during its passage from the start of the spiral towards the center thereof, the pressure difference between two contiguous chambers is relatively small.
- the device therefore comprises, according to this embodiment, a joint 5, rigid or semi-rigid, non-deformable, mounted in a grooved housing 34B with an edge 34A of the spiral 34.
- the entire device is mounted so as to leave a minimum clearance, of the order of 0 to 5 hundredths of a mm between the upper face 52 of the seal 5 and the wall 26.
- This minimal clearance makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above, namely heating of the seal against the wall , the wear of the seal and the fouling of the transfer chambers.
- the seal 5 has been shown here as having a flat upper surface 52; such an arrangement is not absolutely necessary, this surface could also be curved or have an edge line facing the wall which faces it, the important thing being the minimal clearance mentioned which must exist between the portion of the joint closest to the wall facing it and said wall.
- the seal 5 has been removed and it is directly the upper edge 34A of the spiral 34 which is separated from the wall which faces it by a clearance between 0 and 5 hundredths of a mm. As before, it is not essential that this upper edge is planar.
- the disc 30 carrying the spirals 33 and 34 can be exactly centered in the space situated between the walls 25 and 26 of the half-shells 20 and 21, leaving a determined clearance, of the order of a few hundredths of mm between the joints 5, respectively the upper edges of the spiral walls, and the walls 25 or 26 which face them.
- a first balancing means consists in providing one or more counterweights 60 mounted in rotation with the axis of rotation 15 of the movable portion 3.
- a first fixing disc 61 is fixed on the end of the portion of shaft 18A close to the drive shaft 17, and a second fixing disc 62 is fixed to a portion of shaft 18, aligned on the axis 15 and disposed on the other side of the eccentric portion 16, the counterweights 60 being fixed on said fixing discs 61 and 62.
- the two discs attachment 61 and 62 are juxtaposed with wheels carrying the ventilation means 63 of the pump and the motor, without this being absolutely necessary for the operation of the pump according to the invention.
- each of the counterweights 60 are determined in a known manner for static balancing in order to counterbalance the unbalance created by the eccentric movable portion 3 as well as other unbalances of the rotating parts.
- a second balancing means consists in angularly shifting the spirals 27 and 33 by 180 ° relative to the spirals 28 and 34. Referring to FIG. 2, if we see that the intake openings of the spirals 28 and 34 are located approximately at 7 a.m. according to an hourly dial, the spirals 27 and 33 arranged on the other side of the disc 30 and not visible in the figure have their intake openings located approximately at 1 o'clock on the same hourly dial.
- Such an arrangement slightly reduces the unbalance of the mobile portion 3.
- Another advantage of such an arrangement being that by putting in parallel the gas and air inlets and outlets of the spirals on the intake orifices, respectively discharge of the pump, the amplitude of the gas or air pressure pulsations is halved while the frequency of said pulsations is doubled. There is therefore a suction, respectively a more regular expulsion of gas or air.
- the two balancing means mentioned provide static balancing of the movable portion 3 of the pump; in order to guarantee that the play of a few hundredths of a mm on the seals mentioned above are maintained during the operation of the pump, a dynamic balancing of the entire rotating part of the device is also carried out according to a known dynamic balancing technique .
- FIG. 1 shows small masses 64 and 65 respectively disposed on the ventilation means 63, which were fixed during this dynamic balancing operation.
- each guide means 4 consists of a first portion of shaft 40, in rotation in a housing 41 provided in the half-shell 20.
- a crank pin 42 is fixed to one end of the first shaft portion 40, said crank pin carrying a second shaft portion 43 mounted eccentrically relative to the first shaft portion 40.
- the offset value between the shaft portions 43 and 40 corresponds at the offset value between the drive shaft 17 and the offset bearing 16.
- the second shaft portion 43 is pivotally mounted in a housing 44 of the central disc 30, a needle bearing 45 ensuring this pivoting. Since the central disc 30 is guided during its orbital movement by the eccentric bearing 16 as well as by the shaft portions 43, that is to say in more than two points, one could have a blockage of the orbital movement or at least a strong wear bearings if the dimensional manufacturing tolerances do not compensate for each other. To overcome this, it is necessary to provide a possibility of adapting the positioning of the central disc 30 relative to the guide means 4.
- the shaft bearing 43 includes at least one groove 46 in which an elastic O-ring O-Ring type is arranged.
- FIG. 2 shows the intake chamber 53 and the expulsion chamber 54 of the set of spirals 28,34.
- the means to connecting the chambers together and connecting them to their respective orifices are known in the art.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Rotary Pumps (AREA)
- Non-Positive Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020007002459A KR20010023800A (ko) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | 소용돌이 진공펌프 |
| CA002304018A CA2304018A1 (fr) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Pompe a vide a spirales |
| AU41095/97A AU731955B2 (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Scroll vacuum pump |
| PCT/CH1997/000343 WO1999014502A1 (fr) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Pompe a vide a spirales |
| JP2000512010A JP2001516848A (ja) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | らせん式真空ポンプ |
| US09/508,244 US6290477B1 (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Scroll vacuum pump |
| EP97938731A EP1023538A1 (fr) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Pompe a vide a spirales |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH1997/000343 WO1999014502A1 (fr) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Pompe a vide a spirales |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999014502A1 true WO1999014502A1 (fr) | 1999-03-25 |
Family
ID=4550899
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CH1997/000343 Ceased WO1999014502A1 (fr) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Pompe a vide a spirales |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6290477B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1023538A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2001516848A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20010023800A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU731955B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2304018A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999014502A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4031222B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-21 | 2008-01-09 | アネスト岩田株式会社 | スクロール式流体機械 |
| US6758659B2 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2004-07-06 | Shimao Ni | Scroll type fluid displacement apparatus with fully compliant floating scrolls |
| TWI221502B (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2004-10-01 | Shimao Ni | Scroll type fluid displacement apparatus with fully compliant floating scrolls |
| US20040148951A1 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-05 | Bristol Compressors, Inc, | System and method for stepped capacity modulation in a refrigeration system |
| US7244113B2 (en) * | 2004-10-07 | 2007-07-17 | Varian, Inc. | Scroll pump with controlled axial thermal expansion |
| JP4718831B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-27 | 2011-07-06 | アネスト岩田株式会社 | スクロール流体機械 |
| US7467933B2 (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2008-12-23 | Scroll Laboratories, Inc. | Scroll-type fluid displacement apparatus with fully compliant floating scrolls |
| US7371059B2 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-05-13 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Scroll compressor with discharge valve |
| US7988433B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2011-08-02 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor having capacity modulation assembly |
| JP2011080366A (ja) * | 2009-10-02 | 2011-04-21 | Anest Iwata Corp | モータ直結型圧縮機ユニット |
| US9651043B2 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2017-05-16 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor valve system and assembly |
| US9249802B2 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2016-02-02 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor |
| US8961160B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2015-02-24 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Scroll pump having separable orbiting plate scroll and method of replacing tip seal |
| JP6097234B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-14 | 2017-03-15 | 株式会社デンソー | スクロール型圧縮機 |
| US9790940B2 (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2017-10-17 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Variable volume ratio compressor |
| US10598180B2 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2020-03-24 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor with thermally-responsive injector |
| DE102015220131A1 (de) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Handtmann Systemtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verdichtereinrichtung, Antriebsvorrichtung, Kraftfahrzeug |
| US10801495B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2020-10-13 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Oil flow through the bearings of a scroll compressor |
| US10890186B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2021-01-12 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor |
| US10753352B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2020-08-25 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor discharge valve assembly |
| US11022119B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 | 2021-06-01 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Variable volume ratio compressor |
| US10962008B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2021-03-30 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Variable volume ratio compressor |
| US10995753B2 (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2021-05-04 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor having capacity modulation assembly |
| US11655813B2 (en) | 2021-07-29 | 2023-05-23 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Compressor modulation system with multi-way valve |
| US12259163B2 (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2025-03-25 | Copeland Lp | Climate-control system with thermal storage |
| US11846287B1 (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2023-12-19 | Copeland Lp | Scroll compressor with center hub |
| US11965507B1 (en) | 2022-12-15 | 2024-04-23 | Copeland Lp | Compressor and valve assembly |
| US12416308B2 (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2025-09-16 | Copeland Lp | Compressor with shutdown assembly |
| US12173708B1 (en) | 2023-12-07 | 2024-12-24 | Copeland Lp | Heat pump systems with capacity modulation |
| US12163523B1 (en) | 2023-12-15 | 2024-12-10 | Copeland Lp | Compressor and valve assembly |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3538522A1 (de) * | 1985-06-04 | 1986-12-04 | Volkswagen AG, 3180 Wolfsburg | Verdraengermaschine fuer kompressible medien |
| JPH0579473A (ja) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-03-30 | Tokico Ltd | スクロール式流体機械 |
| US5209636A (en) * | 1991-12-05 | 1993-05-11 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Method and apparatus for setting clearance between fluid displacement housing and rotors |
| US5391065A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-02-21 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Parallel adjustment assembly for a scroll compressor |
| EP0780576A2 (fr) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-06-25 | Anest Iwata Corporation | Dispositif hydraulique à spirales |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0237192A (ja) * | 1988-05-12 | 1990-02-07 | Sanden Corp | スクロール型流体装置 |
| DE58906623D1 (de) * | 1988-08-03 | 1994-02-17 | Aginfor Ag | Verdrängermaschine nach dem Spiralprinzip. |
| JPH06102961B2 (ja) * | 1990-02-13 | 1994-12-14 | 岩田塗装機工業株式会社 | スクロール式流体機械 |
| JP3134656B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-18 | 2001-02-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | スクロール圧縮機及びその組立て方法 |
| JP3423514B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-30 | 2003-07-07 | アネスト岩田株式会社 | スクロール流体機械 |
-
1997
- 1997-09-16 EP EP97938731A patent/EP1023538A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-16 KR KR1020007002459A patent/KR20010023800A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-16 WO PCT/CH1997/000343 patent/WO1999014502A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-16 US US09/508,244 patent/US6290477B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-16 AU AU41095/97A patent/AU731955B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-16 JP JP2000512010A patent/JP2001516848A/ja active Pending
- 1997-09-16 CA CA002304018A patent/CA2304018A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3538522A1 (de) * | 1985-06-04 | 1986-12-04 | Volkswagen AG, 3180 Wolfsburg | Verdraengermaschine fuer kompressible medien |
| JPH0579473A (ja) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-03-30 | Tokico Ltd | スクロール式流体機械 |
| US5209636A (en) * | 1991-12-05 | 1993-05-11 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Method and apparatus for setting clearance between fluid displacement housing and rotors |
| US5391065A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-02-21 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Parallel adjustment assembly for a scroll compressor |
| EP0780576A2 (fr) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-06-25 | Anest Iwata Corporation | Dispositif hydraulique à spirales |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 407 (M - 1454) 29 July 1993 (1993-07-29) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1023538A1 (fr) | 2000-08-02 |
| CA2304018A1 (fr) | 1999-03-25 |
| US6290477B1 (en) | 2001-09-18 |
| JP2001516848A (ja) | 2001-10-02 |
| KR20010023800A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
| AU731955B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
| AU4109597A (en) | 1999-04-05 |
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