WO1999031885A2 - Generateur de signaux de reference pour voie de retour de television par cable - Google Patents

Generateur de signaux de reference pour voie de retour de television par cable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999031885A2
WO1999031885A2 PCT/IB1998/002013 IB9802013W WO9931885A2 WO 1999031885 A2 WO1999031885 A2 WO 1999031885A2 IB 9802013 W IB9802013 W IB 9802013W WO 9931885 A2 WO9931885 A2 WO 9931885A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signals
signal
return
electrical
optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB1998/002013
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English (en)
Other versions
WO1999031885A3 (fr
Inventor
Douglas K. Roberts
Horacio Facca
Gary F. Chandler, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Philips AB
Philips Svenska AB
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Philips AB
Philips Svenska AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV, Philips AB, Philips Svenska AB filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority to EP98958361A priority Critical patent/EP0958702A2/fr
Priority to JP53225799A priority patent/JP2002515215A/ja
Publication of WO1999031885A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999031885A2/fr
Publication of WO1999031885A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999031885A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications

Definitions

  • These inventions relate to interactive cable antenna television (CATV) systems (also known as broadband networks) for distributing television programs, radio programs, and data (e.g. equipment control commands, equipment status information, telephone data, and computer data) through a cable network to customers and for receiving data through the cable network back from customers.
  • CATV interactive cable antenna television
  • data e.g. equipment control commands, equipment status information, telephone data, and computer data
  • optical information signals including programs and data are distributed through an optical cable network or tree from a head-end to local nodes and customer return information signals including data are collected through another optical cable network or tree from the local nodes back to the head-end.
  • the invention is related to the status and control signals used for operating such a system in an efficient manner.
  • lasers are used for converting electrical signals into optical signals which are transmitted through optical cables.
  • photo detectors such as photo diodes are used for converting optical signals into electrical signals to receive the signals from the optical cables.
  • the electrical signals Prior to electrical to optical conversion, the electrical signals need to be amplified with carefully controlled gain in order for the laser to provide the maximum available bandwidth and to minimize error rates. Also, after optical to electrical conversion, the electrical signals need to be amplified for transmission through a coaxial cable network..
  • a coaxial cable network provides electrical signals including a multitude of television program streams and data streams (such as telephone calls, equipment control commands, and computer data) which are combined together into a forward information stream which is used to modulate a laser for transmitting the information stream through a forward optical cable network as an optical signal for distribution to a multitude of nodes.
  • the optical signal is used to modulate the current through an photo detector to convert the optical signal into a forward electrical signal.
  • the forward electrical signal is transmitted from the nodes through a local coaxial cable network to a multitude of customer interface units (CIUs).
  • the CIUs provides the forward information signals to television, telephone, and computer equipment, and receive return data streams from the telephone and computer equipment.
  • the CIUs transmit the return signals back through the coaxial cable network to the nodes.
  • the nodes include diplexers to separate the return signals out from the forward signals.
  • the nodes use the separated return signals to modulate a return laser for transmitting the return data stream through a return optical cable network as an optical signal to the head-end.
  • the head-end provides the return signals to telephone and computer equipment at the head-end.
  • optical cable In the optical cable, light is absorbed so that the signal strength attenuates with distance (typically about 0.4 db per km).
  • the optical detectors of the receivers continually produce random noise which is mixed with the weakened signal so that signal to noise ratio is further reduced.
  • optical cable lengths are limited to approximately 50 miles due to these reductions in the signal to noise ratio.
  • a node of a CATV system includes apparatus for providing a reference signal and the head-end of the CATV system includes apparatus to allow the presence of the reference signal to be detected.
  • the reference signal provider and detector allow the correct operation of the return paths from the nodes to the head-end to be verified.
  • the head-end includes measurement apparatus to allow the strength of the reference signal to be determined and the signal strength of the return signal to be adjusted at the head-end so that the signal strength of all the return paths are made approximately equal (they are aligned).
  • Control apparatus of the head-end includes software to automatically align the return signal path by sending control signals to the optical receivers of the head-end which include controllable gain adjustment apparatus.
  • the head-end control apparatus includes software for providing control signals to the nodes including signals for turning on and turning off the reference signal provider and the nodes include control apparatus for detecting the control signals and turning the reference signal provider on and off depending on the control signals from the head-end.
  • the head-end control apparatus includes user input means for selecting a node or nodes and for addressing or specifically routing the control signals from the head-end to only the selected node or nodes.
  • the head-end controller is programmed for selecting a node, sending a command to change the reference signal (turn the reference signal of the selected node on or otherwise changing the signal in such a way that the change can be automatically detected) and detecting the presence of the reference signal.
  • the head-end control apparatus includes programmed apparatus for providing control signals to control the amplitude and/or frequency of the reference signal; the node control apparatus of the head-end is adapted for controlling the amplitude of the reference signal and/or the frequency of the reference signal depending on the control signals from the head-end control apparatus; and the head end includes apparatus for automatically detecting the presence, amplitude and frequency of the reference signal.
  • the control apparatus of the head-end includes programmed apparatus for requesting status information about node equipment.
  • the node includes monitoring apparatus for detecting the status of various equipment within the node such as the bias current of the laser transmitter, the output power of the laser transmitter, faulted conditions of the laser transmitter.
  • the monitoring apparatus generates monitor status signals indicating the status of the equipment in the node which are transmitted to the node control apparatus, and the node control apparatus sends node status signals to the head-end control apparatus depending on the monitor status signals and status query command signals.
  • the head-end controller may include a user interface including a keyboard and mouse for user input and a display and printer.
  • the user can enter commands to align the return distribution system or select a node and specify control signals to control equipment in the node such as: to turn the reference signal on or off, to turn the laser transmitter on or off, to transmit the status of other equipment in the node, to verify the correct operation of the distribution networks.
  • the display may list available commands, equipment status information relevant for choosing the command of effected by executing such commands, and the status of the reference signals from the nodes.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates some of the equipment of the head-end of the invention including the programmed controller, the receivers, and the transmitters.
  • Figure 2 schematically depicts one of the receivers of the invention of the headend of figure 1.
  • Figure 3 schematically shows some of the equipment of a node of the invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates selected portions of another embodiment of the node of the invention including details of the controller.
  • Figure 5 is another schematic illustrating a customer interface unit.
  • Figure 6 generally illustrates a portion of an embodiment of the complex optical network or tree of the invention.
  • Figure 7 more specifically illustrates a portions of the forward optical network and the return optical network of the invention.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a small portion of the coaxial network connecting between the node of figure 3 and the customer interface units of figure 5.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows selected details of the laser transmitter of the node in the invention.
  • FIGS 10 and 11 illustrate some details of an embodiment of the reference oscillator circuit of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows selected portions of a head-end 100 of the invention.
  • a network of electrical communication cables 101 delivers a multitude of data streams from other equipment of the head-end to one or more modulators 102.
  • the streams from the other equipment of the head-end may include television and radio programs from a video server 103, telephone data from a telephone system gateway 104, computer data from computer network gateway 105, and equipment control commands from a system controller 106 at the head-end.
  • the modulators modulate each stream input to a modulator, at a different frequency, and combine the streams into one stream that is output from the modulator.
  • the number of modulators will depend on how many channels each modulator can handle and how many channels are required. These modulators are often called MODEMS (modulator/demodulators) even though they only modulate.
  • the streams are routed through coaxial cables from the modulators to one or more forward transmitters 107 which combine one or more modulated streams into one stream for each of, one or more laser transmitters 108.
  • the laser transmitters are modulated by the modulated electrical signals to produce a modulated optical signal that is directed into the end of an optical fiber 110.
  • Each laser transmitter transmits an optical information signal through an optical fiber of a forward optical network tree to the nodes (not shown) of the network.
  • Modern cable television systems tend to have multiple laser transmitters at the head-end for multi-casting, redundancy, and data communications. In multi-casting different regions or types of customers can receive different television programs and/or different advertisements so that multiple laser transmitters are usually required.
  • duel optical links are sometimes used to extend the length through which a signal can be transmitted through the optical cables.
  • a single optical cable is able to handle a large number of data channels, in addition to a large number of television program channels.
  • each node typically provides signals for up to 500 customers, so that each node (or a few nodes) may require its own optical cable links for forward data and another optical cable for return data (e.g. telephone and computer data).
  • Return signals from the nodes are transmitted through optical fibers 120 of a return optical network to one or more return receivers 121 connected to the return network.
  • Each return receiver contains one or more optical detectors 122.
  • the electrical current of the optical detector is modulated by the optical signal to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal.
  • the return signal from each optical detector is divided into one or more separate signals which are routed through coaxial cable to respective demodulators 123.
  • demodulators are often called MODEMS even though they only demodulate.
  • the demodulators are connected to the network of coaxial cables 101 and the demodulated signals are transmitted through coaxial cables from the demodulators to other head-end equipment described above.
  • the nodes (not shown) produce a reference signal which allows the correct operation of the return optical network to be verified.
  • the return receivers include test points
  • the receivers included test points 131 for detecting the presence and/or measuring the strength of the electrical reference signal. Using the reference signal measurements, the strength of the signals produced by each of the receivers can adjusted so the strength of the electrical signals provided by the receivers is aligned.
  • the test points may be used in conjunction with mobile equipment 132 for detecting the presence of a signal.
  • FIG 2 another specific embodiment of portions of a return receiver 200 of the invention is shown.
  • Light 201 emitted from the end of an optical fiber is directed to photo sensor 202 (photo diode or photo resistor, photoelectric transistor) to modulate the electrical current through the optical sensor.
  • the strength of the electrical signal is adjusted by amplifier 203 and the gain of the amplifier is adjusted using variable resistor 204.
  • the gain could also be regulated by using a controllable resistance 205 depending on a control signal from the head- end controller.
  • the reference signal is detected by detector 206 and a presence signal is directed back to the head-end controller. Also, the strength of the reference level and/or the frequency of the reference signal could be measured and a signal indicating the strength and/or frequency of the reference level directed back to the head-end controller.
  • the system controller is connected to the other equipment of the head-end in order to control the system and is connected to provide commands in the forward signal streams in order to send equipment control commands to the nodes (not shown) to control various equipment in the nodes.
  • the head-end controller includes software module 206 for receiving a signal indicating the presence of the reference signal of a node and for displaying that information on a display 207 of a user interface.
  • the head-end controller includes a software module 208 for commanding the nodes to turn the reference signals on or to turn the reference signal off depending on commands from the user input 209 of the user interface.
  • the controller includes software module 210 to receive a command from a human operator to select a node or nodes of the system so that commands to the nodes (such as the command to turn the reference signal on or off) can be addressed or routed to the selected node or nodes.
  • the head-end controller includes a software module 211 for receiving a signal indicating the strengths (amplitudes) of the reference signals from the nodes and displaying the strengths of the reference signals.
  • Software module 212 could be provided to automatically, or in response to input from a user interface, sends a command to gain regulators 205 of the head-end receivers to regulate the gains to align the return signals from the nodes based on the strength of the reference signals.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a specific embodiment of some of the equipment of a node 300 of the invention.
  • One or more forward receivers 301 convert the forward optical signals from the head-end, into forward electrical signals.
  • the forward receivers are similar to return receivers 121 and 200.
  • the forward electrical signals are amplified at 302 and distributed through routers 303 to selected coaxial network trees 306.
  • Modulators 304 may be provided to remodulate some of the channels of the forward signal streams to different frequencies depending on which signals need to be sent to which network trees.
  • the forward signal is transmitted through diplex filters 305 to customer coaxial network trees 306.
  • the customer networks connect between the node and the CIUs described below. Return signals from the CIUs are separated from the forward signals by the diplex filters.
  • Modulators 307 may be provided to remodulate the return signals to different frequencies so they can be combined into fewer return streams.
  • the return signals are amplified by amplifiers 308 and transmitted by return transmitter 309 (similar to forward transmitter 107).
  • the transmitter converts the return electrical signals to optical signals which are transmitted back to the head-end through cables 310 of the return optical network.
  • one or more signal processors 320 receive forward electrical signals from the forward network through routers 303.
  • the signal processors detect equipment control signals in the forward signals and in response, transmit control signals to the other equipment of the node including reference oscillator 321 and one or more lasers 322 depending on the control signals from the head-end.
  • the signal processors also receive signals from the laser monitors depending on the status of the laser.
  • the signal processor is also connected to introduce equipment status signals into the electrical signal return stream to transmit the status signals to the head-end.
  • Node controller 350 receives electrical forward signals from the head-end through the forward optical network and the receivers of the node as in the embodiment of figure 3 discussed above.
  • the forward signals include equipment control signals for controlling the node equipment.
  • the node controller includes software modules which detect the equipment control signals from the head-end and provide equipment control signals for the equipment of the node depending on the control signals received from the head-end.
  • the equipment control signals may be addressed to specific nodes and the controller identifies the signals that are addressed to the respective node.
  • software module 351 identifies a control signal from the head-end to turn the reference oscillator on or off and operates to transmit the signal to the reference oscillator.
  • Head-end controller 106 in figure 1 could include software module 213 which would provide an equipment control signal to adjust the frequency of the reference signal produced by reference oscillator 352 and software module 353 of node controller 350 could identify the signal in the forward data stream and provide a signal to the oscillator to change the frequency of the oscillator.
  • head-end controller 106 could include software module 214 which would provide a signal to adjust the amplitude of the reference signal produced by the reference oscillator and software module 354 of controller 350 could be provided to identify such signal and provides a signal to the oscillator circuit to change the amplitude of the reference signal.
  • the system thus could include apparatus to change the amplitude of the reference signal with respect to other portions of the return signal and also to change the strength of the return signal using gain control 205 to align the return signal with the return signal from other nodes.
  • Head-end controller 106 also includes software module 215 for providing signals to control the laser transmitter 355 of the nodes.
  • laser control module 215 could provide signals to turn the laser transmitter on or off, adjust the bias current through the laser, and adjust the laser power.
  • the node controller includes software module 356 to identify the laser control commands and rout the commands to the laser.
  • the nodes include a laser monitor 357 for each laser or transmitter for detecting the status of the laser such as the laser bias current, the laser power, and whether the laser is on or off and providing laser status signals to the node controller.
  • the node controller 350 includes software module 358 to identify the laser status signals and to transmit the laser status signals back to the head-end.
  • the head-end controller includes software module 216 for identifying the laser status signals and displaying the status of the laser on the display of the user interface.
  • Figure 6 is an overall general schematic of the system of the invention in which a head-end 401 communicates with a multitude of nodes 402 through optical fiber cables 403.
  • the cables include multiple optical fibers including different fibers (not shown) for carrying signals in the forward and return directions.
  • Figure 7 shows more details of the optical fiber cables in which some fibers such as fiber 410 transmit signals from head-end 401 to a first set of multiple nodes and other fibers such as fiber 411 transmits signals from the head-end to a second set of multiple nodes which second set may include some nodes in common with the first set of nodes and may include other nodes which are not in common with the first set of nodes.
  • Fibers connected to a multitude of nodes primarily carry television and radio broadcasts.
  • Fibers connected to a single node primarily carry private data such as telephone and computer data or private television programs such uplinks of television programming or television on-demand signals.
  • Some optic fiber such as fiber 414 transmit data from the head-end to a small number of nodes and fiber 415 receives data from a small number of nodes into the head-end. Fibers connected to a small number of nodes also carry private data to nodes that have less demand for such data so that several nodes can share one optical data path.
  • a typical system would include many form fibers, but the number has been limited for illustrative purposes.
  • FIG 8 illustrates a coaxial cable network 420 including node 421 and a multitude of CIUs 422.
  • One of more coaxial cables 423 connect between the node and a respective set of CIUs.
  • each CIU only connects to a single cable.
  • the cables carry both private data and public data and the public data such as television and radio programs may be different for different cables.
  • one cable tree may be connected to CIUs in an apartment complex and another might be connected to houses in a neighborhood and a third might be connected to a school and each cable tree deliver different programming.
  • Figure 9 illustrates another specific embodiment 450 including some of the relevant portions of the node of the invention.
  • An electrical return signal is received from the customer interface units at 451. The signal travels through an operator gain adjust 452 which allows the human operator of the system to manually set the circuit for the correct gain according to specifications for the circuit when the node is initially installed.
  • a reference signal oscillator 453 provides a reference signal depending on a control signal input to an oscillator control circuit 454.
  • the control circuit includes circuitry 455 to allow the oscillator to be turned on or off remotely from the head end, and preferably includes circuitry 456 to allow the amplitude of the reference signal to be remotely controlled from the head end and circuitry 457 to allow the frequency of the oscillator to be remotely controlled from the head end.
  • the gain of the reference signal may be adjusted by variable resistor 458.
  • the customer return signal and the reference signal are mixed by coupler 459 so that the reference signal is provided to the head-end so that the return signals to the head-end can be aligned, the network connection between the node and the head-end can be tested, and the operation of the node can be monitored at the head-end.
  • the combined return signal is amplified by amplifier 460.
  • the amplifier includes a mimic circuit amplifier and a hybrid circuit amplifier (not shown).
  • the gain of the circuit is set at the factory using variable resistor 461.
  • Another coupler 462 provides a signal to a test point 463.
  • a test signal may be applied to the customer signal input and the reference oscillator operated and the test point can be used for measuring the amplitude of the reference signal as variable resistors 455 and 461 are adjusted. Also, later during installation, the operator can use the test point for adjusting gain 452 depending on the strength of the input customer signal.
  • the slope of the combined return signal is adjusted at the factory using slope adjust 464.
  • the radio frequency (RF) electrical signal is used to modulate laser 465 to provide an optical signal in optical fiber 466.
  • a laser control circuit 467 allows the laser to be started or shut down remotely from the head end. Preferably the laser power and bias current can also be remotely adjusted.
  • a laser status measurement circuit 468 measures laser operation parameters including whether the laser is operating, its output power and its bias current.
  • FIGs 10 and 11 illustrate details of reference generator or oscillator circuit 500 for producing a return reference signal. Commands to turn the turn the reference signal on or off are received at command input 501. In figure 11 these signals are carried in a Philips I2C bus.
  • the microprocessor and transistor switching circuit 502 consists of U6 (Philips Semiconductor's PCF8591), Q4 and Q5 (switching transistors), capacitor C46, and resistors R2, R6, R53, and R56. Those skilled in the art can easily determine adequate capacitance and resistance values. Signals received by U6 from the I2C control bus are interpreted as a "leave on” or a "turn off command. The process output of U6 is routed to the switching transistors to turn the oscillator off or leave it on.
  • the regulated power supply circuit 503 consists of capacitor C44, zener diode Dl 1 , and resistor R51.
  • Q4 connects Vcc with the power supply.
  • the crystal oscillator circuit 504 consists of an LC tank circuit, a crystal, and an amplifier.
  • the LC tank circuit blocks the unwanted lower harmonics generated by the fundamental frequency of crystal Yl from the oscillator's output.
  • the tank circuit consists of inductor L10 and capacitors C40 and C41.
  • the oscillator's frequency depends on the values of L10, C40, C41 and Yl and the output frequency is determined by selecting these values.
  • the amplifier circuit amplifies the tone generated by the LC tank circuit in combination with the crystal.
  • the amplifier circuit consists of: resistors R48, R49, and R50; capacitor C42; and transistor Q3.
  • Capacitor C37 acts as a DC blocking capacitor and provides the oscillating signal from the oscillator circuit into the lowpass-filter and level control circuit 505.
  • the lowpass filter consists of: inductors L7 and L8; capacitors C17 and C32; and variable capacitor C39. Inductors L7 and L8 and capacitors C17 and C32 attenuate unwanted upper harmonics, and the filter can be optimized using variable capacitor L39.
  • the adjustable level control circuit consists of: resistors R35, R37, R43; and variable resistor R47. The adjustable level control allows for an impedance-matched variable attenuation at the reference generator's output.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à un système de télévision par câble, qui comprend une tête de réseau ayant des émetteurs laser servant à fournir des programmes de télévision et de données à une multitude de noeuds par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau optique arborescent aller. Lesdites données contiennent des signaux téléphoniques et des signaux de communications informatiques. Les noeuds convertissent ces signaux optiques en signaux électriques et retransmettent les signaux de télévision et de données par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau coaxial arborescent à destination d'unités interfaces clients (CIU). Les données de retour provenant de ces CIU sont renvoyées aux noeuds par l'intermédiaire du réseau coaxial. Les noeuds comprennent des filtres qui séparent les données de retour du signal aller. Les émetteurs laser des noeuds transmettent les données de retour à la tête de réseau par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau optique arborescent de retour. La tête de réseau convertit les signaux de retour optiques en signaux électriques et achemine les signaux de retour vers les passerelles téléphoniques et informatiques. La tête de réseau comprend un contrôleur qui commande l'autre équipement de tête de réseau et qui produit un signal de commande d'équipement qui est inclus dans les signaux aller à destination des noeuds, afin de commander l'équipement de ces noeuds. Les noeuds comportent des contrôleurs respectifs qui identifient les signaux de commande provenant de la tête de réseau et qui fournissent des signaux de commande pour commander l'équipement du noeud en fonction des signaux de commande provenant de la tête de réseau. Les contrôleurs des noeuds identifient également des signaux d'état provenant de l'équipement des noeuds et transmettent ces signaux d'état ainsi qu'un signal de référence aux contrôleurs de la tête de réseau, pour qu'ils soient affichés sur l'écran du contrôleur de tête de réseau. Le signal de référence permet de contrôler le bon fonctionnement de l'émetteur optique et du réseau et permet d'aligner les signaux de retour provenant des noeuds. Les signaux d'état provenant des noeuds contiennent le mode d'activation laser, le courant de sollicitation laser et la puissance de sortie laser pour les émetteurs laser des noeuds.
PCT/IB1998/002013 1997-12-16 1998-12-14 Generateur de signaux de reference pour voie de retour de television par cable Ceased WO1999031885A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98958361A EP0958702A2 (fr) 1997-12-16 1998-12-14 Generateur de signaux de reference pour voie de retour de television par cable
JP53225799A JP2002515215A (ja) 1997-12-16 1998-12-14 Ｃａｔｖ逆方向路用基準信号発生器

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6979897P 1997-12-16 1997-12-16
US09/156,932 US6654958B1 (en) 1997-12-16 1998-09-18 Reference signal generator for return path aligning
US60/069,798 1998-09-18
US09/156,932 1998-09-18

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999031885A2 true WO1999031885A2 (fr) 1999-06-24
WO1999031885A3 WO1999031885A3 (fr) 1999-08-19

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EP (1) EP0958702A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002515215A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999031885A2 (fr)

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WO2015164036A1 (fr) * 2014-04-21 2015-10-29 Arris Enterprises, Inc. Système et appareil utilisés pour l'étalonnage de l'indice de modulation optique dans un réseau de télévision par câble catv
US9647757B2 (en) 2014-04-21 2017-05-09 Arris Enterprises, Inc. Systems and methods for optical modulation index calibration in a CATV network
US10790902B2 (en) 2014-04-21 2020-09-29 Arris Enterprises Llc Systems and methods for optical modulation index calibration in a CATV network
US11362734B2 (en) 2014-04-21 2022-06-14 Arris Enterprises Llc Systems and methods for optical modulation index calibration in a CATV network

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WO1999031885A3 (fr) 1999-08-19
JP2002515215A (ja) 2002-05-21
US6654958B1 (en) 2003-11-25

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