WO1999057249A1 - Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same - Google Patents
Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999057249A1 WO1999057249A1 PCT/JP1999/002305 JP9902305W WO9957249A1 WO 1999057249 A1 WO1999057249 A1 WO 1999057249A1 JP 9902305 W JP9902305 W JP 9902305W WO 9957249 A1 WO9957249 A1 WO 9957249A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1085—Transferases (2.) transferring alkyl or aryl groups other than methyl groups (2.5)
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8242—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
- C12N15/8243—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
Definitions
- Nicotianamin synthase gene encoding it
- the present invention relates to a nicotianamine synthase in a mugineic acid biosynthetic pathway, a gene encoding the same, a vector containing the gene, a cell transformed with the vector, a method for producing nicotianamine using the same, and a nicotianamine synthesis.
- the present invention relates to a plant transformed with a gene encoding an enzyme and a viable plant for nicotianamine synthase.
- Gramineae plants that absorb iron by so-called Strategy-II, which chelate and absorb insoluble F e (III) in soil using mugineic acid (mugineic acid) It secretes phytosiderophores from the roots and solubilizes and absorbs iron in the rhizosphere (Roemheld, 1987). Its secretion is markedly increased by iron deficiency stress. Muginic acids are the only phytosiderophores known to date (Takagi 1976). Therefore, the iron deficiency tolerance of grasses is considered to depend on the secretion of mugineic acids (Takagi et al. 1984, Roemheld and Mar schner 1986, Marschner et al. 1987, Mori et al.
- Fig. 1 shows the biosynthetic pathway of mugineic acids in plants.
- S-adenosylmethionine is produced from methionine by S-adenosylmethionine synthase.
- three molecules of S-adenosylmethionine are combined by nicotianamine synthase to generate one molecule of nicotianamine.
- the resulting nicotianamine is converted into a 3 "-keto form by nicotianamine aminotransferase, followed by 2'-deoxymugineic acid by some reductase. This is further hydroxylated to form mugineic acid.
- other mugineic acid derivatives (Mori and Nishizawa 1987, Shojima et al. 1989, Shojima et al. 1990, Ma and Nomoto 1993).
- Muginic acid is a compound in which R and R 2 of the lower right compound in FIG. 1 are hydrogen atoms and R is a hydroxyl group.
- the compound in which R, is a hydrogen atom and R 2 and R are hydroxyl groups is 3-hydroxymugineic acid.
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom and R!
- the compound in which R is a hydroxyl group is 3-ephidroxymicineic acid.
- the reaction to synthesize nicotianamine from S-adenosylmethionine is similar to the reaction to synthesize polyamine from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine.
- nicotianamine synthase catalyzes the binding of three molecules of S-adenosylmethionine and the formation of the azetidine ring simultaneously (Fig. 1).
- Such nicotianamine synthase is a new type of enzyme.
- the present inventors reported a partial purification of nicotianamine synthase from iron-deficient barley roots and a pattern of expression of activity (Higuchi et al.
- nicotianamine synthase is very susceptible to degradation during extraction and purification, making it difficult to separate and purify it, and to obtain a sufficient amount to determine the partial amino acid sequence.
- the present invention purifies and isolates nicotianamine synthase, clones this gene, determines its nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence, and uses this gene to isolate plants having a strong resistance to iron deficiency, particularly grasses. It is intended to provide. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention relates to a nicotianamine synthase having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing, or a method in which some amino acids are deleted, substituted with other amino acids, or further added with another amino acid.
- the present invention relates to a gene encoding the amino acid sequence of nicotianamine synthase.
- the present invention relates to a vector containing the gene, and a transformant transformed with the vector.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing nicotianamine using the transformant.
- the present invention relates to a plant into which the gene has been introduced, particularly a gramineous plant, and a fruit obtained by growing the plant.
- the present invention relates to a method for extracting the above nicotianamine synthase in the presence of a thiol protease inhibitor, preferably E-64.
- the present invention relates to an antibody against the nicotianamine synthase.
- FIG. 1 shows the biosynthetic pathway of mugineic acids.
- FIG. 2 shows a comparison between iron-deficient rye and control rye during the purification process from roots.
- FIG. 3 shows preparative SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, hereinafter abbreviated as SDS-PAGE) around 30 to 35 kDa.
- SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- FIG. 4 shows the elution pattern of nicotianamine synthase activity from the gel filtration column. Black circles indicate the enzyme activity.
- FIG. 5 shows a comparison between six partial amino acid sequences determined from nicotianamine synthase derived from barley and similar rice sequences obtained by computer search. The corresponding amino acid residue is indicated by “:”.
- FIG. 6 shows the full length cDNA of HvNAS1 and the amino acid sequence deduced therefrom. The underlined portion indicates a portion that matches the partial sequence in FIG. The number of bases is shown on the right side.
- FIG. 7 shows the number of amino acid residues on the left side.
- FIG. 7 shows a comparison of the amino acid sequences predicted from the above seven cDNAs obtained from wheat. Amino acid residues that are identical in all clones are indicated by “*”.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detecting the nicotianamine synthesis activity of a crude extract of Escherichia coli expressing the Maltos binding protein-HvNASl fusion protein.
- FIG. 9 shows Northern hybridization analysis using HvNASl as a probe.
- FIG. 10 shows Southern hybridization analysis using HvNASl as a probe.
- FIG. 11 shows a Western plot analysis of a crude enzyme sample used for activity detection.
- FIG. 12 shows a Western blot analysis of total proteins extracted with triclomouth acetic acid / acetone.
- FIG. 13 shows a comparison between the iron-deficient rye and the control rye after the purification of DAE Sepharose FF from the roots.
- FIG. 14 shows a comparison between the iron-deficient rye and control rye after the Toyopearl 65 M after purification from roots.
- Fig. 15 shows the results of thin-layer chromatography-(TLC) detecting the nicotianamine synthesizing activity of a crude extract of Escherichia coli expressing the Malto-subsin binding brotin-OsNASl fusion protein.
- FIG. 16 shows Northern hybridization analysis using OsNASl as a probe.
- FIG. 17 shows the results of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detecting the nicotianamine synthesis activity of a crude extract of Escherichia coli expressing a maltose binding protein—AtNASl, AtNAS2 or AtNA S3 fusion protein. Is the thing
- Figure 18 shows the extraction of total RNA from the aerial parts and roots of Arabidopsis, and RT-PCR The results are shown below. The right end shows the positive control.
- trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido- (4-guanidino) butane which is an inhibitor of thiol protease, is trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido- (4-guanidino) butane. It has been found that the degradation of this enzyme is strongly suppressed by —64 (Higuchi et al. Plant & Soi 18 Vol. 8, P. 1-177 1996a).
- the roots which had been ground to a fine powder in liquid nitrogen, were immediately mixed with an extraction buffer containing 0.1 mM of the protein protease inhibitor E-64.
- the enzyme protein could be isolated, and its gene could be isolated.
- the activity of the enzyme of the present invention is restored when SDS is removed after SDS_PAGE, but the degree of the recovery is quite low (Higuchi et al. Plant & Soil 165, 173-179 1994). It was necessary to increase the degree of purification before performing PAGE. Therefore, improvements were made in the column chromatography method.
- the present inventors have found that since the enzyme of the present invention has relatively high hydrophobicity, the separation ability is increased by adding a mild surfactant, CHAPS, to the buffer. After testing several anion exchange chromatography supports, DAE Sepharose FF and DEA E Sephacel were the most effective.
- TSK gel In addition to butyltoyopearl 65 M, TSK gel 'ether toyopearl 65 M', which is also a hydrophobic chromatography carrier, is effective for removing 30-35 kDa impurities. Met. It has been reported that the enzyme of the present invention is a 30-35 kDa peptide which recovers its activity when SDS is removed after SDS-PAGE, but the activity is 30-35 kD. a In a wide range of molecular weights (see Figure 3).
- FIG. 3 shows the results of preparative SDS-PAGE of the fraction having enzyme activity. SDS-PAGE was performed on 11% acrylamide slab gel. A part of the gel was stained with Coomassie Pluriant Blue, the rest was stained with copper, and 30 to 35 kDa was cut into seven pieces (indicated by short lines). The horizontal bar in FIG. 3 shows the relative enzyme activity detected from each gel piece.
- the peptides contained in the nicotianamine synthase fraction purified from the roots of iron deficiency and control barley were determined. Comparisons were made using SDS-PAGE.
- the present enzyme was purified from 200 g of each barley root according to the method described in Example 3 described later.
- the control enzyme activity was 1 Z4 iron deficient.
- FIGS. 2, 13 and 14 show the peptide compositions of the active fractions at each stage of purifying the enzyme of the present invention, which were compared by SDS-PAGE.
- Fig. 2, Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 show the purification process from 200 g of iron-deficient barley roots.
- FIG. 2 shows the stage before DAE cephalos, the upper stage shows from the iron-deficient rye root, and the lower stage shows from the control root.
- lane 1 was 200 ⁇ g of crude extract
- lane 2 was 100 g after 650 M of butyltyopearl
- lane 3 was after hydroxyapatite 2
- Lane 4 shows the result of butyl toyopearl after 65 M, and that of lane 4 shows the result of 15 g.
- FIG. 13 shows the results after the DEAE Sepharose FF and 25 g for each lane.
- FIG. 14 shows a sample after 65 M of ether yoyopearl. The left side shows the inactive fraction, and the right side shows the active fraction. One to 25 of each fraction was electrophoresed.
- the molecular weight of nicotianamine synthase estimated by gel filtration is reported to be 40,000 to 50,000 (Higuchi et al. Plant & Soi 1 165 vol. 173 to 179 1994). However, this was a force that was inconsistent with the value obtained by SDS-PAGE.
- the inventors of the present invention performed gel filtration by adding CHAPS to the buffer, and the separation ability increased, and the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 35,000 (see FIG. 4). This was in good agreement with the values previously estimated by SDS-PAGE.
- FIG. 4 shows the elution pattern of nicotianamine synthase activity from the gel filtration column.
- Solid circles (Oka) indicate enzyme activity, and the solid line indicates absorbance at 280 nm.
- the active fraction after hydroxyapatite was transferred to the development buffer (50 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1 M KC, 0.05 M CHA PS, 0.1 mM p-APMSF, The solution was passed through a Sephacryl S300HR (Pharmacia) column (1.5 cmX, 71 cm, 125 ml) equilibrated with 3 mM DTT, pH 8.0.
- the molecular weight markers are thyroglobulin (Mr670,000), farglobulin (Mr158,000), ovalbumin (Mr44,000), and myoglobin (Mrglobin). M r 17, 0 00) was used. It was developed at a linear flow rate of 10 cmZ. The partial amino acid sequence was determined from the purified nicotianamine synthase.
- the aforementioned 30 kDa, 32 kDa and 33 kDa peptides were purified from 1 kg of iron-deficient rye root using the method of Example 3 described below. These were partially decomposed using the method of Example 4 described later.
- the 32 and 33 kDa peptides could not be completely separated, but the sequences were very similar to each other or 32 kDa Decomposed together assuming a 33 kDa degradation product.
- Fig. 5 shows a comparison of six partial amino acid sequences determined from nicotianamine synthase from barley with similar sequences of rice obtained by computer search. The corresponding amino acid residue is indicated by “:”. The sequence of the primer used for PCR used the base sequence indicated by the arrow. Subsequently, nicotianamine synthase cDNA was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined.
- a degiene primer was synthesized, and PCR was carried out on cDNA derived from iron-deficient barley root, but the desired DNA was not amplified. Therefore, a primer having a single base sequence (indicated by an arrow in FIG. 5) was synthesized from the rice D23792 and D24790 sequences, and PCR was performed. A PCR using NF and NR primers amplified a 205 bp fragment and a PCR using IF and IR primers amplified a 274 bp fragment, which contained the desired sequence.
- HvNASl contained a 985 bp translation region and the deduced amino acid sequence was 328 amino acid residues, with an estimated molecular weight of 35, It was 1 4 4 This value agreed well with the value estimated from SDS-PAGE and gel filtration.
- the partial amino acid sequences determined from the 32 kDa and 33 kDa peptides were all contained in HvNASl (FIG. 6).
- FIG. 6 shows the full-length cDNA of HvNASl and the amino acid sequence deduced therefrom.
- the underlined portion indicates a portion that matches the partial sequence in FIG.
- the number of bases is shown on the right side.
- the number of amino acid residues is shown on the left.
- the expected p i was consistent with the value obtained by native isoelectric focusing in 5.2.
- Six clones HvNAS2, HvNAS3, HvNAS4, HvNAS5, HvNAS6 and HvNAS7 with very similar sequences were obtained in addition to HvNA SI (Table 1, Fig. 7).
- FIG. 7 shows a comparison of the amino acid sequences predicted from the above seven cDNAs obtained from barley. Amino acid residues that are identical in all clones are indicated by *.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 HvNAS1, SEQ ID NO: 4 (HvNAS2), SEQ ID NO: 6 (HvNAS3), SEQ ID NO: 8 (HvNAS4), SEQ ID NO: 10 (HvNAS5), SEQ ID NO: 12 (HvNAS6) And SEQ ID NO: 14 (HvNAS7).
- SEQ ID NO: 1 HvNAS1
- SEQ ID NO: 3 HvNAS2
- SEQ ID NO: 5 HvNAS3
- SEQ ID NO: 7 HvNAS4
- SEQ ID NO: 9 HvNAS5
- SEQ ID NO: 1 HvNAS 6)
- SEQ ID NO: 13 HvNAS7.
- the resulting HvNASl protein was expressed in E. coli.
- HvNAS1 The ORF of HvNAS1 was amplified by PCR and cloned into the vector pMAL-c2 so that HvNASl was expressed in a form fused to the C-terminus of maltose binding protein.
- the expression of the fusion protein is strongly induced by IPTG.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of detecting the nicotianamine synthesizing activity of a crude extract of Escherichia coli expressing the maltose binding protein-HvNAS1 fusion protein by thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
- Lane 1 in Fig. 8 Lane 2 is for E. coli expressing only maltose binding protein (SAM), and lane 3 is for E. coli expressing maltose binding protein-HvNASl fusion protein. Things.
- FIG. 9 shows the results of Northern hybridization analysis using HvNASl as a probe. Total RNA was extracted from the leaves and roots of one week after the start of iron deficiency treatment and control corn, and 5 ⁇ g of RNA was run in each lane.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of Southern hybridization analysis using HvNAS1 as a probe. Genomic DNA extracted from barley and rice leaves was fragmented with BamHI (lane B), EcoRI (lane R), and Hindi II (lane H), and 10 Xg was added to each lane. Electrophoresed.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of Western plot analysis of the crude enzyme sample used for activity detection. SDS-PAGE was performed on 12.5% acrylamide slab gel. 100 Ig of protein was run.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of Western plot analysis of all proteins extracted with tricloacetic acid / acetone. SDS-PAGE was performed on 12.5% acrylamide slab gel. 100 g of protein was run. 200 g of protein was migrated for the roots and 50 Og for the leaves.
- OsNASl a cDNA library derived from iron-deficient rice root poly (A) + RNA was screened using HvNASl as a probe cut out with restriction enzymes ApaLI and Xhol. These clones were divided into three types based on their sequence, and only one of them contained the full length 0RF, which was named OsNASl.
- the nucleotide sequence of OsNASl is shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, and the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 15.
- the OsNASl ORF was amplified by PCR and cloned into vector PMAL-C2 so that OsNASl was expressed in a form fused to the C-terminus of the malt binding protein.
- the expression of the fusion protein is strongly induced by IPTG.
- FIG. 15 shows the results obtained by detecting the nicotianamine synthesizing activity of a crude extract of Escherichia coli expressing the maltose binding tin-OsNASl fusion protein by TLC.
- Lane 1 in FIG. 15 is for standard nicotianamine (NA)
- lane 2 is for E. coli expressing the Malt-Swein binding mouth-OsNASl fusion protein
- lane 3 is for Malt-Swein binding protein-HvNASl. Escherichia coli expressing the fusion protein.
- FIG. 16 shows a model using OsNASl's 0RF as a probe. — Shows the results of Zan hybridization analysis. Total RNA was extracted from leaves and roots of two weeks after the start of iron deficiency treatment and from control rice, and 5 g of RNA was swollen in each lane.
- AtNASl a base sequence of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) similar to HvNASl obtained by computer search as a primer
- PCR was performed on Arabidopsis genomic DNA to obtain three Arabidopsis nicotianamine synthase genes. These were named AtNASl, AAS2, and AtNAS3.
- the nucleotide sequences of these genes are shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 (AtNASl), SEQ ID NO: 20 (AtNAS2), and SEQ ID NO: 22 (AtNAS3), respectively. These amino acid sequences are shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 (AtNASl), SEQ ID NO: 19 (AtNAS 2), and SEQ ID NO: 21 (AtNAS 3), respectively.
- the 0RF of AtNASK AtNAS2 and AtNAS3 was amplified by PCR and cloned into the vector pMAL-c2, so that each was expressed in a form fused to the C-terminus of maltose binding protein. Expression of the fusion protein is strongly induced by IPTG.
- FIG. 17 shows the results of TLC detection of the nicotianamine synthesizing activity of the crude extract of Escherichia coli expressing the Maltese binding protein-AtNAS fusion protein.
- lane 1 is for standard nicotianamide (NA) and S-adenosylmethionine
- lane 2 is for E. coli expressing only malt binding protein
- lane 3 is for malt
- Lane 4 is for Escherichia coli expressing the binding protein-AtNASI fusion protein
- lane 4 is for E. coli expressing the Maltese binding protein-AtNAS2 fusion protein
- lane 5 is for maltosiba.
- Lane M in FIG. 18 has the highest molecular weight, and was performed for the above-ground part, the root, and the positive control.
- Lane C is the amplified full-length ORF of AtNASl and AtNAS2
- Lane 1 is an amplified fragment specific to AtNAS1
- Lane 2 is an amplified fragment specific to AtNAS2
- Lane 3 is an amplified fragment specific to AtNAS3. Amplified fragment.
- the secretion of mugineic acids reaches 20 mg / g of root dry weight per day (Takagi 1993).
- the crudely purified nicotianamine synthase activity detected by the present inventors was sufficient to cover this activity. Due to the presence of several or more types of this enzyme protein and the presence of inactive 30 kDa peptide, three molecules of S-adenosylmethy It is also conceivable that the structure becomes suitable for binding to zonin and exhibits the maximum activity. However, the molecular weight estimated by gel filtration was 35,000 ( Figure 4).
- the present enzyme is a monomer at present, since it showed activity even in the state of a fusion protein with malt binding protein.
- the possibility of forming multimers and exhibiting greater activity has not been completely ruled out.
- the reaction mechanism for synthesizing nicotianamine from S-adenosylmethionine includes a methyl group transfer reaction using S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl group donor, and decarboxylation S-adenosylmethionine to spermidine. It seems to be similar to the reaction that synthesizes spermine. Similarities in the arrangement of equivalent amino acid residues in the higher-order structure of proteins have been discussed for catalytic sites common to these enzymes (Hashimoto et al. 1998, Schluckebier et al. 1995).
- Induction of nicotianamine synthase activity by iron deficiency is a phenomenon peculiar to grasses, and is essential for mass biosynthesis of mugineic acids.
- Rice has the lowest secretion of mugineic acids among major gramineous crops and is extremely vulnerable to iron deficiency in calcareous soils.
- the gene for the nicotianamine synthase of the present invention was introduced into grasses, especially rice.
- transgenic rice with tolerance to iron deficiency by expressing it in large quantities at the time of iron deficiency, it becomes possible to cultivate rice in calcareous soil.
- nicotianamine has been considered only as a precursor for synthesizing mugineic acids.However, the present invention clearly shows that the gene for nicotianamine synthase forms a multigene family. Therefore, it is considered that they also play other important roles in gramineous plants.
- the present inventors have cloned the Arabidopsis nicotianamine synthase gene. By comparing the promoter regions of these genes and elucidating the mechanism of gene expression due to iron deficiency, the genes of the present invention have important functions not only in grasses but also in dicotyledonous plants. Will be fulfilled.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing shows the amino acid sequence of the nicotianamine synthase of the present invention.
- the nicotianamine synthase of the present invention has not only the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 but also a part of these amino acid sequences, preferably 5% of all amino acids, as long as the activity of nicotianamine synthase is not lost. 0% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less of amino acids may be deleted, substituted with another amino acid, or Amino acids may be further added, or these deletions, substitutions, and additions may be combined.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing shows a nucleotide sequence encoding the nicotianamine synthase of the present invention.
- the gene encoding the nicotianamine synthase of the present invention includes not only the gene having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 but also the gene encoding the nicotianamine synthase described above.
- the vector into which the gene of the present invention is introduced is not particularly limited, but can be introduced into various vectors.
- a preferred vector is an expression vector.
- Various cells can be transformed using the recombinant vector of the present invention according to a conventional method. Nicotianamide can be produced in large quantities using the obtained transformant. These methods can be performed by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- Examples of the host into which the gene of the present invention is introduced include various bacteria, yeast, cells, and the like.
- a plant is mentioned, and especially a Gramineae plant is preferable.
- the method for introducing a gene is not particularly limited, and a vector may be used or may be directly introduced into a genome.
- the antibody against the nicotianamine synthase of the present invention can be produced using the nicotianamine synthase of the present invention by a conventional method.
- the antibody may be a polyclonal antibody or, if necessary, a monoclonal antibody.
- the varieties of plants preferably grasses
- the gene of the present invention can be used to improve varieties that can grow even on iron-deficient soils.
- Example 1 (Preparation of plant material)
- a greenhouse without air-conditioning under natural light using a standard hydroponic solution (Mori and Nishizawa 1987) after germinating wheat (Hordeum vulgare L, cv Jehimehada power No. 1) on moistened filter paper. Grown. The pH value of the hydroponic solution was adjusted to 5.5 daily using 0.5 NHC 1. When the third leaf developed, it was transferred to a hydroponic solution without iron. The pH value of the hydroponic solution was adjusted to 7.0 daily using 0.5 N NaOH. Controls continued to grow in standard hydroponic solution. The hydroponic solution was updated once a week.
- a method improved from the measurement method already published by the present inventors was used.
- the enzyme solution was added to a reaction buffer (50 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, 3 mM dithiothrei tol (hereinafter abbreviated as DTT)), 10 // M (P-amidinophenyl) methanesulfonylfur Oleide ((p-araidinopheny 1) methanesul fonyl fluoride) (hereinafter abbreviated as p-APMSF), 10M trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido-butane (41-guanidino) butane
- the buffer was exchanged with 4-guanidino) butane) (hereinafter referred to as E-64 t) and pH 8.7).
- Frozen roots are powdered in liquid nitrogen until powdery, and 200 ml of extraction buffer per 100 g of root (0.2 MT ris, 10 mM EDTA, 5% (v / v) glycerol, 10 mM DTT, 0.1 mM E-64, 0.1 mM p-APMSF, 5% (wv) insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (po 1 yv i nylpyrrol idone) (PVP) and pH 8.0) and mixed using a household juicer mixer. This was centrifuged at 22,500 ⁇ g for 30 minutes to obtain a supernatant.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- the flow-through fraction was adsorbed to a TSK gel / butyl butopearl 6.5 M column (column volume: 1 ml per 10 mg of protein) to elute nicotianamine synthase.
- TSK gel 'Ether Toyopearl 6.5 M column (Tosoichi Co., Ltd., column volume 10 ml per 100 g of root) with adsorption buffer (20 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, 3 mM DTT, 1. Eluted fraction containing this nicotianamine synthase in equilibrated with 2 M (NH 4 ) 2 SO 0.1 mM p-APMS F, pH 8.0 Passed. Nicotianamine synthase came out as it was without adsorption. This was directly adsorbed to a TSK gel 'Puchiryo Pearl 65 M column as described above, and nicotianamine synthase was eluted.
- the peptide in the fraction containing nicotianamine synthase purified by the above column chromatography was further subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (hereinafter abbreviated as SDS-PAGE) using 11% acrylamide gel. ). After completion of SDS-PAGE, the gel was stained with 0.3 M copper chloride (Dzandu et al. 1988), and the band of the separated peptide was cut out. This piece of gel
- the isolated nicotianamine synthase was chemically degraded using cyanogen bromide (Gross 1967).
- PCR was performed on cDNA derived from iron-deficient rye root. Randomize the obtained DNA fragment Using a primer kit (Takara Shuzo) radioactively labeled with [a- 32 P] d ATP as a probe, screen a pYH23c DNA library prepared from iron-deficient barley root poly (A) + RNA did. The nucleotide sequence of the isolated cDNA clone was determined using a cycle sequencing kit (Shimadzu spectroscopy) and Shimadzu DNA sequencer DS Q-1000L.
- a cDNA library derived from iron-deficient rice root poly (A) + RNA was screened.
- the nucleotide sequence of the isolated cDNA clone was determined using a cycle sequencing kit (Shimadzu spectroscopy) and a Shimadzu DNA sequencer DSQ-2000L.
- PCR was performed on Arabidopsis genomic DNA using a primer synthesized based on the nucleotide sequence of Arabidopsis AC 0 311 14 and AB 0 5 2 4 5.
- the nucleotide sequence of the obtained DNA fragment was determined by using a cycle sequencing kit (Shimadzu spectroscopy) and Shimadzu DNA sequencer DSQ-1000L.
- Example 6 Expression of NAS1 protein in E. coli
- the PCR introduced a fragment into which the EcoRI site was introduced upstream of the first ATG of HvNAS1c DNA, and the PstI and BamHI sites were introduced downstream of the stop codon.
- the obtained amplification product was subcloned into pB1uescripipISK— using an EcoRI site and a BamHI site, and it was confirmed that the nucleotide sequence was correct.
- pMAL_c2 was cloned using the EcoRI site and the PstI site so that HvNASl was expressed in a form fused to the C-terminus of the maltospin binding protein.
- a fragment was introduced by PCR into which the EcoRI site was introduced upstream of the first ATG of OsNASl and the Hindlll site was introduced downstream of the stop codon.
- the obtained amplification product was subcloned into pBluescriptll SK- using an EcoRI site and a Hindlll site, and it was confirmed that the nucleotide sequence was correct.
- pMAL-c2 was opened using the EcoRI site and the Hindi II site. OsNASl was expressed in a form fused to the C-terminus of malt binding protein.
- a fragment was introduced by PCR in which an EcoRI site was introduced upstream of the first ATG of AtNAS1, AtNAS2, and AtNAS3, and an Xbal site was introduced downstream of the stop codon.
- the obtained amplification product was subcloned into pBluescriptI SK- using EcoRI site and Xbal site, and it was confirmed that the nucleotide sequence was correct.
- it was cloned into pMAL-c2 using an EcoRI site and an Xbal site so that AtNASl, AtNAS2, and AtNAS3 were each expressed in a form fused to the C-terminus of maltose binding protein.
- Escherichia coli E.
- coli strain XL1-Blue was used as a host for expressing this fusion protein.
- pMAL_c2—HvNASl and pMAL—c2 were introduced into XL1 and B1ue, respectively, and the OD600 was reduced to 0 in the LB medium containing 50 g Zm1 of ampicillin and tetracycline. The cells were cultured at 37 until they reached 5. Isopropyl i3-D-thiogalactobyranoside (IPTG) was added to a final concentration of 0.3 mM, and the cells were cultured at 37 ° C and collected after 3 hours.
- IPTG Isopropyl i3-D-thiogalactobyranoside
- the cells were suspended in 1 OmM Tris buffer-pH 7.4 containing 0.2 M NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 3 mM DTT, and 0.1 mM E-64, and frozen with liquid nitrogen. . This was melted in ice water and sonicated for 15 seconds for 10 times. The nicotianamine synthase activity of the obtained crude extract was measured by the method described in Example 2, and as a result, the enzyme activity was confirmed.
- Example 7 (Northern hybridization)
- HvNASlc DNA was digested with Hindi II and Not I, and a DNA fragment was radiolabeled with [ ⁇ - 32 32 ] dAT ⁇ .
- a probe was used for Northern hybridization.
- Total R ⁇ was extracted from barley (Naito et al. 1988), separated by 1.4% agarose gel electrophoresis, and then transferred to a Hybond-N + membrane (Amersham).
- the 0RF portion of OsNASl what was radiolabeled with [a- 32 P] dATP was Northern hybrida I peptidase one to emissions as a probe.
- Membrane was grown at 65 ° C for 1 M in a buffer containing 0.5 M chartyric acid (Church and Gilbert 1984) 1 mM EDTA, 7% (w / v) SDS, 100 g Zm1 salmon testis DNA. Hybridized with the probe. This was washed with a buffer containing 4 OmM chartyric acid, 1% (w / V) SDS at 65 ° C for 10 minutes. After this washing was performed once again, the cells were washed at 65 ° C. for 10 minutes using a buffer containing 0.2 ⁇ SSPE and 0.1% (w / V) SDS. Radioactivity was detected with an image analyzer BAS-2000.
- Genomic DNA was extracted from rye and rice leaves, respectively. This was fragmented with BamHI, Ec0RI, or HindIII, separated by 0.8% (w / v) agarose gel electrophoresis, and then transferred to a Hybond-1 N + membrane (Amersham). Hybridization was performed by the method described in Example 7, and radioactivity was detected.
- Example 9 the anti-nicotianamine synthase antibody prepared in Example 9 was used as the primary antibody, and the horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (H + L) goat antibody (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was used as the secondary antibody. Color was developed with diaminobenzidine as an antibody, and Western blot analysis was performed.
- the primer used was AtNAS, and those specific to AtNAS 2 and AtNAS 3 were used. The results are shown in FIG. Industrial applicability
- Various cells can be transformed by a conventional method using the recombinant vector of the present invention, and nicotianamide can be produced in a large amount using the obtained transformant. These methods can be performed by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the gene of the present invention it is also possible to improve a variety of a plant, preferably a gramineous plant.
- the gene of the present invention can be used to improve varieties that can grow on soil deficient in iron.
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Description
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Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69920439T DE69920439T2 (de) | 1998-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | Nicotianamin synthase und für diese kodierendes gen |
| AU36273/99A AU759256B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
| EP19990918274 EP1077255B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
| CA002327261A CA2327261C (en) | 1998-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
| JP2000547205A JP3893024B2 (ja) | 1998-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | ニコチアナミン合成酵素、それをコードする遺伝子 |
| US09/674,337 US7192755B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
| US11/702,690 US7604972B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2007-02-05 | Nicotianamine synthase |
| US11/702,796 US7396668B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2007-02-05 | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10/137685 | 1998-04-30 | ||
| JP13768598 | 1998-04-30 |
Related Child Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/674,337 A-371-Of-International US7192755B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
| US11/702,690 Division US7604972B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2007-02-05 | Nicotianamine synthase |
| US11/702,796 Division US7396668B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2007-02-05 | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999057249A1 true WO1999057249A1 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1999/002305 Ceased WO1999057249A1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US7192755B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1077255B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3893024B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU759256B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2327261C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69920439T2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2229702T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1999057249A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999060107A3 (de) * | 1998-05-20 | 2000-03-23 | Inst Pflanzengenetik & Kultur | Nicotianamin-synthase-gene, ihre isolierung und ihre verwendung |
| WO2004001040A1 (ja) * | 2002-06-19 | 2003-12-31 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | 組織特異的・環境ストレス特異的プロモーター |
| WO2004092380A1 (ja) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-28 | Plant Functional Genomics Co., Ltd. | イネニコチアナミンシンターゼ遺伝子プロモーター、およびその利用 |
| JP2013513381A (ja) * | 2009-12-10 | 2013-04-22 | ポステック・アカデミー‐インダストリー・ファウンデーション | 微量元素含有量が増加したイネ品種及びその用途 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1077255B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2004-09-22 | Japan Science and Technology Agency | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
| CN104513825B (zh) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | 一种小麦耐盐基因TaNAS1及其应用 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1077255B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2004-09-22 | Japan Science and Technology Agency | Nicotianamine synthase and gene encoding the same |
| DE19824307A1 (de) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Inst Pflanzengenetik & Kultur | Nicotianamin-Synthase-Gene, ihre Isolierung und ihre Verwendung |
-
1999
- 1999-04-30 EP EP19990918274 patent/EP1077255B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-30 CA CA002327261A patent/CA2327261C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-30 ES ES99918274T patent/ES2229702T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-30 DE DE69920439T patent/DE69920439T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-30 JP JP2000547205A patent/JP3893024B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-30 AU AU36273/99A patent/AU759256B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-04-30 US US09/674,337 patent/US7192755B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-30 WO PCT/JP1999/002305 patent/WO1999057249A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2007
- 2007-02-05 US US11/702,690 patent/US7604972B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-05 US US11/702,796 patent/US7396668B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE MPSRCH GENBANK 1 January 1900 (1900-01-01), MORI S, ET AL: "Oryza Sativa Osnasl mRNA for Nicotianamine Synthase 1, Complete Cds", XP002947406, Database accession no. AB021746 * |
| DATABASE MPSRCH GENBANK 1 January 1900 (1900-01-01), MORI S, HIGUCHI K: "Hordeum Vulgare Hvnas7 mRNA for Nicotianamine Synthase 7, Complete Cds", XP002947405, Database accession no. AB019525 * |
| DATABASE MPSRCH GENBANK 1 January 1900 (1900-01-01), SUZUKI K, MORI S: "Arabidopsis Thaliana Gene for Nicotianamine Synthase, Complete Cds", XP002947407, Database accession no. AB021934 * |
| HIGUCHI K, ET AL.: "CLONING OF NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE GENES, NOVEL GENES INVOLVED IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF PHYTOSIDEROPHORES", PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS, ROCKVILLE, MD, USA, vol. 119, 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01), Rockville, Md, USA, pages 471 - 479, XP002919795, ISSN: 0032-0889, DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.2.471 * |
| HIGUCHI K, ET AL.: "PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE FROM FE-DEFICIENT BARLEY ROOTS", PLANT AND SOIL., KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, DORDRECHT., NL, vol. 165, 1 January 1994 (1994-01-01), NL, pages 173 - 179, XP002919794, DOI: 10.1007/BF00008059 * |
| See also references of EP1077255A4 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999060107A3 (de) * | 1998-05-20 | 2000-03-23 | Inst Pflanzengenetik & Kultur | Nicotianamin-synthase-gene, ihre isolierung und ihre verwendung |
| WO2004001040A1 (ja) * | 2002-06-19 | 2003-12-31 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | 組織特異的・環境ストレス特異的プロモーター |
| WO2004092380A1 (ja) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-28 | Plant Functional Genomics Co., Ltd. | イネニコチアナミンシンターゼ遺伝子プロモーター、およびその利用 |
| JP2013513381A (ja) * | 2009-12-10 | 2013-04-22 | ポステック・アカデミー‐インダストリー・ファウンデーション | 微量元素含有量が増加したイネ品種及びその用途 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7192755B1 (en) | 2007-03-20 |
| US7604972B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
| CA2327261A1 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
| AU759256B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
| DE69920439T2 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
| US20080233627A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
| EP1077255A1 (en) | 2001-02-21 |
| JP3893024B2 (ja) | 2007-03-14 |
| AU3627399A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
| EP1077255A4 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
| ES2229702T3 (es) | 2005-04-16 |
| EP1077255B1 (en) | 2004-09-22 |
| CA2327261C (en) | 2007-10-09 |
| US20070150981A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
| DE69920439D1 (de) | 2004-10-28 |
| US7396668B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 |
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