WO2000005079A1 - Thermal transfer ribbon and base film thereof - Google Patents
Thermal transfer ribbon and base film thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000005079A1 WO2000005079A1 PCT/JP1999/003965 JP9903965W WO0005079A1 WO 2000005079 A1 WO2000005079 A1 WO 2000005079A1 JP 9903965 W JP9903965 W JP 9903965W WO 0005079 A1 WO0005079 A1 WO 0005079A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- film
- thermal transfer
- base film
- dimensional change
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
- B41M5/41—Base layers supports or substrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/91—Product with molecular orientation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31565—Next to polyester [polyethylene terephthalate, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
- Y10T428/31797—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal transfer ribbon and a base film thereof. More specifically, a thermal transfer ribbon, which is used as a transfer material for thermal transfer printers, has excellent printing performance, does not fade the ink even when printing at high speed, and does not wrinkle the ribbon due to rubbing with the head. This is related to the base film.
- Conventional technology is used as a transfer material for thermal transfer printers, has excellent printing performance, does not fade the ink even when printing at high speed, and does not wrinkle the ribbon due to rubbing with the head. This is related to the base film.
- the sublimation transfer recording method As a base film of a thermal transfer lipon used for thermal transfer pudding, a film having a specified surface roughness (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-2993989) is known.
- the sublimation transfer recording method has greatly expanded as a recording method capable of easily outputting a high-quality full-color image.
- the sublimation type thermal transfer is a method in which a heat sublimable dye is contained in a binder, and only the dye is sublimated by heat and absorbed into an image receiving layer of a transfer paper to form a gradation image.
- a heat sublimable dye is present in a binder, and only the dye is sublimated by heat and absorbed by an image receiving layer of a transfer receiving paper to form a gradation image.
- high adhesion between the binder and the base film is required, and furthermore, it is necessary that the adhesion does not decrease due to environmental changes or aging.
- the binder layer migrates to the transfer receiving paper, significantly impairing the gradation, and a phenomenon called overtransfer occurs.
- polyester films are highly crystalline oriented, Poor adhesion and no adhesion even when the ink layer is applied directly. For this reason, physical and chemical treatments are applied to the film surface in order to improve the adhesiveness with the ink layer, but sufficient adhesiveness cannot be obtained.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a base film for a heat-sensitive transfer ribbon which has excellent printing performance, for example, does not fade in printing at high speed printing and does not wrinkle due to friction with a head.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a base film for a heat-sensitive transfer lipon, which has a small deformation of the film when heated, has excellent adhesion to the heat-sensitive transfer ink layer, and can provide a transferred image with excellent gradation. It is in.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a heat-sensitive transfer ribbon having the above-mentioned base film of the present invention as a base film and having excellent characteristics as described above.
- a biaxially oriented polyester film containing polyethylene-1,2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate as a main component is provided.
- the dimensional change with respect to the original length of the film up to a temperature of 200 ° C is within 1.0%, and the dimension with respect to the original length of the film up to 230 ° C.
- a thermal transfer ribbon comprising the base film of the present invention and a sublimation-type thermal transfer ink layer thereon.
- the thermal transfer ribbon of the present invention comprises polyethylene 1,2,6-naphthene dicarboxylate as a main constituent.
- the polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate may be a homopolymer comprising ethylene-1,2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate as all repeating units, or at least 80 mol% of all repeating units may be ethylene-1,2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate.
- Copolymers that are 6-naphthalenedicarboxylate are preferably used.
- the ethylene-1,2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate content is at least 80 mol% of the total repeating units, the dimensions at high temperature can be obtained without extremely losing the original properties of polyethylene-1,2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate. A film with little change can be obtained.
- Suitable copolymerizable components include compounds having two ester-forming functional groups in the molecule, such as oxalic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, isofuric acid, Sodium sulfoisophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2-forcerium sulfoterephthalic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, phenylindandicarboxylic Acid, dicarboxylic acid such as diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid and lower alkyl esters thereof; oxycarboxylic acid such as p-ethoxyethoxy benzoic acid and lower alkyl esters thereof; propylene daricol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butane Diol, 1,4-butan
- polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate can be treated with a monofunctional compound such as benzoic acid or methoxypolyalkylene glycol to form a terminal compound.
- a hydroxyl group and / or a hydroxyl group may be partially or wholly blocked, or may be substantially linear with a trifunctional or higher-functional polyfunctional ester-forming compound such as a very small amount of glycerin or pentaerythritol.
- the polymer may be modified within a range where a polymer in the form of a solid is obtained.
- the polyethylene-2,61-naphthalenedicarboxylate base film of the present invention may optionally contain additives such as stabilizers, dyes, lubricants, ultraviolet absorbers and flame retardants.
- inert fine particles include inorganic particles such as spherical silica, porous silica, calcium carbonate, silica alumina, alumina, titanium dioxide, kaolin clay, barium sulfate, and zeolite, or organic particles such as silicon resin particles and cross-linked polystyrene particles. Particles may be mentioned. Inorganic particles are preferably synthetic rather than natural because of their uniform particle size, and inorganic particles of any crystal form, hardness, specific gravity, and color can be used.
- the average particle size of the above inert fine particles is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 5.0 xm, and more preferably 0.1 to 3.0 / xm.
- the content of the inert fine particles is preferably from 0.001 to 1.0% by weight, more preferably from 0.03 to 0.5% by weight.
- the inert fine particles to be added to the film may be a single component selected from those exemplified above, or may be a multi-component including two or more components.
- the addition time of the inert fine particles is not particularly limited as long as it is a stage before polyethylene-1,2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate is formed.
- the inert fine particles may be added at the polymerization stage. May be.
- a biaxially oriented polyester film having an average surface roughness of 0.01 to 0.2 m can be obtained. If the average surface thickness of the film is less than 0.01 m, sufficient slip properties cannot be obtained, and it becomes difficult to wind the film. In addition, if the average surface roughness is greater than 0.2 // m When printing at high speed, the heat conduction deteriorates and the printing becomes unclear. If the particle size of the inorganic or organic lubricant to be added is smaller than 0.05 m, a sufficiently large surface roughness cannot be obtained, and if it is larger than 5 m, the film tends to be broken in the stretching step. ⁇ Thickness
- the thickness of the base film of the polyethylene mono 2,6-naphthylene dicarboxylate for the thermal transfer ribbon of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 10 iim. If the thickness exceeds 10 im, it takes time for heat conduction and is not always suitable for high-speed printing. Conversely, if the thickness is less than 0.5 m, the strength is low and the workability is poor, and the strength required as a ribbon tends to be poor, which is not preferable.
- the polyethylene 1,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate base film for a thermal transfer ribbon of the present invention has a Young's modulus (YMD) in the machine direction and a Young's modulus (YTD) in the transverse direction of preferably 1,200 kgZmm. It is at least 2 , more preferably at least 1,230 kg mm 2 . If the sum is less than 1,200 kgZmm 2 , the ripon is stretched when the ripon is running, and the print is apt to be unclear, and wrinkles are generated.
- the upper limit of the sum of Young's modulus is not particularly defined, but is preferably 1,600 kg / mm, more preferably 1,500 kg / mm 2 . If the sum of the Young's moduli is higher than this, the plane orientation of the molecular chains becomes too large, so that the tear strength is reduced and the film is easily broken. It is also not preferable because it causes delamination on the film surface.
- YMD is preferably 620 k gZmm 2 or more, more preferably 650 k gZmm 2 or more. If the base film is smaller than this, the base film will have a low orientation and the thermal dimensional stability under load will be poor, and the base film will not be able to withstand the tension applied when used as a ripon, and wrinkles and breaks will occur.
- the YTD value is preferably 30 kg / cm 2 or more, more preferably 50 kgZmm 2 or more. Since the tension is mainly applied in the longitudinal direction of the film, it is preferable to make the longitudinal direction higher than the transverse direction.
- a temperature dimensional change curve under a load in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction of a film is defined as holding the film at both ends in the vertical or horizontal direction, applying a constant load at a certain value, heating the film at a constant heating rate, and measuring the temperature.
- TMA curve a curve in which is plotted on the horizontal axis and the dimensional change rate with respect to the original length of the film is plotted on the vertical axis.
- the dimensional change with respect to the original length of the film up to 200 in the temperature dimensional change curve under a load in the longitudinal direction of the film is within 1.0%, preferably within 0.6%.
- the dimensional change under load with respect to the original length of the film up to 230 ° C is within 3.0%, preferably within 1%.
- the dimensional change up to 230 is more than 3%, the image will be distorted due to poor dimensional stability of the film. If the dimensional change is more than 3% in the shrinking direction, the film shrinks due to the heat of the head during printing, and the friction with the printing head increases, causing the film to break. If it is larger than 3% in the elongation direction, high-speed printing cannot be performed because the film is wrinkled by the heat of the head during printing. The dimensional change up to 200 is less than 1.0%. If it is larger than this, the dimensional stability of the film at the time of low energy printing deteriorates, causing image distortion, and furthermore, printing becomes impossible.
- the biaxially oriented polyester film of the present invention further has a dimensional change with respect to the original length of the film having a temperature of up to 200, preferably within 1.0%, more preferably, in a temperature dimensional change curve under a lateral load. It is desirable that the dimensional change with respect to the original length of the film of not more than 0.6% and up to 230 ° C. is preferably not more than 3.0%, more preferably not more than 1%.
- the biaxially oriented polyester film used in the present invention preferably the density of the film is 1. 3530 gZcm 3 or more, 1. 3599 g Z cm 3 or less, more favorable Mashiku is 1. 3560 g / cm 3 or more, 1. Not more than 3598 g Z cm 3 . If the density is lower than this range, the film will have low crystallinity and poor thermal dimensional stability. I'm sorry. On the other hand, if the density is higher than this value, the degree of crystallinity is too high, which causes uneven thickness, and deteriorates the flatness, which is not preferable.
- the biaxially oriented polyester film used in the present invention preferably has a refractive index (n Z) force in a direction perpendicular to the plane of preferably at least 1,500, more preferably at least 1,503, still more preferably at least 1,500. 5 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly defined, but is preferably 1.520 or less. If the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the plane is smaller than 1.500, delamination on the surface of the base film is likely to occur. If it is larger than 1.520, the thickness unevenness becomes large and the flatness becomes poor, which is not preferable.
- the biaxially oriented polyester film used in the present invention preferably has a plane orientation coefficient measured by a symmetric reflection method of X-ray diffraction of from 0.010 to 0.040, more preferably 0.01. 5 to 0.035. If the plane orientation coefficient is larger than this range, it is difficult to obtain a fully oriented film, the thermal dimensional stability under load is poor, and when used as a ripon, the base film cannot withstand the tension exerted and wrinkles and breaks occur. It will be easier. If it is smaller than this range, the orientation is sufficient, but delamination of the film surface is likely to occur, which is not preferable.
- the base film for a thermal transfer ribbon of the present invention has at least one kind of water-soluble or water selected from the group consisting of a urethane resin, a polyester resin, an acrylic resin, and a vinyl resin-modified polyester on the surface of the film on which the ink layer is coated. It is preferable to have a coating layer made of a dispersible resin. This coating layer is preferable in order to enhance the adhesion between the ink layer composed of the sublimable dye and the resin binder and the polyester base film substrate.
- the coating layer can be made of an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, an oxazoline resin, a vinyl resin or a polyether resin.
- Examples of the urethane resin include the following polyols, polyisocyanates, chain extenders, cross-linking agents, and the like as constituent components thereof.
- Examples of polyols include polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, and polyoxyethylene glycol.
- Polyethers such as oxytetramethylene glycol; polyethylene esters such as polyethylene adipate, polyethylene monobutylene adipate and polycaprolactone; acrylic polyols and castor oil.
- Examples of polyisocyanates include tolylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and hexane.
- chain extenders or crosslinkers include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, hydrazine, ethylenediamine, dimethylentriamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4 'diaminodicyclyl. Hexylmethane, water and the like.
- the urethane resin can be produced from the above components by a method known per se.
- polyester resin examples include the following polyvalent carboxylic acids and polyvalent hydroxy compounds as constituents thereof. That is, polycarboxylic acids include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid , 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 2-potassium sulfoterephthalic acid, 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, daltaric acid, succinic acid, trimellit Acids, trimesic acid, trimellitic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, monopotassium trimellitate, and ester-forming derivatives thereof can be used.
- polycarboxylic acids include tere
- Polyhydric hydroxy compounds include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, Methyl-1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, P-xylylene glycol, bisphenol A-ethylene glycol adduct, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol , Poly Propylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, polytetramethylene oxide glycol, dimethylolpropionic acid, glycerin, trimethylolpropane bread, sodium dimethylolethyl sulfonate, potassium dimethylolpropionate, and the like can be used.
- a polyester resin can be synthesized by a usual polycondensation reaction.
- a polyester component such as a so-called acrylic graft polyester or a polyester polyol obtained by chain-extending a polyester polyol with an isocyanate, which is described in JP-A-1-165653, is used.
- the composite polymer having is also included in the polyester-based resin referred to herein.
- the acrylic resin include, for example, polymers of acrylic monomers exemplified below.
- the acrylic monomers include, for example, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates (alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, —Ethylhexyl group, cyclohexyl group, etc.); 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, etc.
- acrylamide, methylacrylamide, N-alkylacrylamide, N-alkylmethacrylamide, N, N-dialkylacrylamide, N, N-dialkylmethacrylate alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n —Propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobu Group, t-butyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, cyclohexyl group, etc.
- N-alkoxyacrylamide, N-alkoxymethacrylamide, N, N-dialkoxyacrylamide, N, N-dialkoxymethacrylamide Alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, etc.
- Epoxy group-containing monomers such as glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and allylic daricidyl ether; and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile. These monomers are 1
- the (co) polymerization can be carried out by using a kind or two or more kinds by a method known per se.
- Examples of the components constituting the polyester of the vinyl resin-modified polyester resin include the following polybasic acids or their ester-forming derivatives and polyols or their ester-forming derivatives.
- Examples of the polybasic acid component include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid, 26-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and adipic acid , Sebacic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, dimer acid and the like.
- a copolymerized polyester resin can be synthesized using two or more of these acid components.
- an unsaturated polybasic acid component such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, and hydroxycarboxylic acid such as!)-Hydroxybenzoic acid
- examples of the polyol component include ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, xylene glycol, and dimethylol.
- Examples of the vinyl resin used for modifying the polyester include, for example, polymers of vinyl monomers exemplified below.
- examples of the pinyl monomer include itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid and salts thereof (sodium salt, potassium salt, ammonium salt, tertiary amine salt, etc.).
- the vinyl resin-modified polyester resin can be produced by polymerizing a vinyl monomer in a water-soluble or water-dispersible polyester resin.
- the coating liquid for forming a coating layer composed of a water-soluble or water-dispersible resin may be slightly organic as long as it does not affect the water-soluble or water-dispersible resin and other additives as described above. It may contain a solvent.
- Surfactants such as anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants can be added to this coating solution as needed. As such surfactants, those which can lower the surface tension of the aqueous coating solution to 4 Odyne / cm or less and promote the wetting of the polyester film are preferable.
- polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether polyoxyethylene monofatty acid ester Sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, fatty acid metal stone, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl sulfosuccinate, quaternary ammonium chloride, alkylamine hydrochloride, betaine surfactant, etc.
- polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether polyoxyethylene monofatty acid ester Sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, fatty acid metal stone, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl sulfosuccinate, quaternary ammonium chloride, alkylamine hydrochloride, betaine surfactant, etc.
- betaine surfactant etc.
- the coating layer is composed of an isocyanate-based compound, an epoxy-based compound, an oxazoline-based compound, an aziridine compound, a melamine-based compound, and a silane as a cross-linking agent for improving adhesion (blocking properties), water resistance, solvent resistance, and mechanical strength. It may contain a coupling agent, a copper coupling agent, a zirconium-aluminate coupling agent, or the like. If the resin component of the intermediate adhesive layer has a crosslinking reaction point, a reaction initiator such as a peroxide or an amine, or a sensitizer may be contained in a photosensitive resin or the like.
- silica, silica sol, alumina, alumina sol, zirconium sol, kaolin, talc, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, power pump Lac, molybdenum sulfide, antimony oxide sol, and the like may be contained as organic fine particles, such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, polyacrylate, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and fluorine resin.
- dispersants may contain irrigation.
- defoamers may contain irrigation.
- thickeners may contain irrigation.
- ultraviolet absorbers may contain UV absorbers, antistatic agents, organic lubricants, antiblocking agents, antioxidants, foaming agents, dyes, pigments, Organic filler, inorganic filler It may contain irrigation.
- This coating solution is preferably applied to one or both sides of the polyester film before the crystal orientation is completed in the polyester film production process, then dried, stretched and heat-fixed to form the film.
- the coating may be performed separately from the polyester film manufacturing process. At the time of coating, dust and dirt are easily entangled, which tends to be a drawback during printing.Therefore, a clean atmosphere is desirable, and a suitable film can be manufactured at relatively low cost.
- the coating is preferably performed during the manufacturing process. At that time, the solid content concentration of the coating solution is usually 0.1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 1 to 10% by weight.
- the coating amount in the traveling film lm 2 per 0. 5 - 5 0 g is preferred.
- a known method can be applied as a coating method.
- a roll coat method, a gravure coat method, a roll brush method, a spray coat method, an air-knife method, an impregnation method, a curtain coat method, or the like can be applied alone or in combination.
- the polyethylene 1,2,6-naphthylene dicarboxylate film used in the present invention can be produced by biaxially stretching an unstretched film obtained by an ordinary method and heat-setting, and after the heat-fixing, a relaxation treatment.
- the production can be performed more advantageously by carrying out the above.
- the unstretched film may be stretched at a temperature of T g to (T g + 60) ° C in the longitudinal and transverse directions at a magnification of 2.0
- the film is biaxially stretched by a factor of 6.0, and heat-set at (T g +50) ° C. to (T g +140) for 1 to 100 seconds.
- Stretching can be performed by a generally used method, for example, a method using an IR method, a method using a roll, or a method using a temperature.
- the film may be stretched simultaneously in the machine direction and the transverse direction, or may be stretched sequentially in the machine direction and the transverse direction.
- the force to perform the relaxation treatment before winding on the roll after heat setting is reduced.
- the width of the tenter is reduced in the middle of the heat fixing zone and the relaxation is 0 to 3% in the film width direction.
- the method of treatment is as follows: Separate both ends of the film.
- a method of reducing the speed of wiping, a method of heating with an IR heater between two conveyor rolls of different speeds, a method of conveying a film on a heated conveyor roll and reducing the speed of the conveyor roll after the heated conveyor roll A method in which the film is conveyed over a nozzle that blows out hot air after heat setting, and the take-up speed is slower than the supply speed, or the film is wound on a film-forming machine and then conveyed on a heat-conveying roll.
- the relaxation process is performed with the deceleration rate of the take-up side speed being 0.1 to 3% of the supply side speed.
- the width of the sheet may be increased in the middle of the heat fixing zone, and a tension treatment of 0 to 3% may be performed in the film width direction.
- Such a treatment is not limited to these methods as long as the change in thermal dimension falls within the scope of the present invention.
- the thermal transfer ink layer is not particularly limited, and a known one can be used. That is, it is composed of a binder component, a coloring component, and the like as main components, and an appropriate amount of a softener, a plasticizer, a dispersant, and the like, as necessary.
- the main components include known binders such as carnauba wax and paraffin wax, celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols, partially acetalized polyvinyl alcohol, polyamides, and various polymers having a low melting point. Substances and the like are used, and as a coloring agent, a force pump rack is mainly used, and other various dyes or organic or inorganic pigments are used.
- the thermal transfer ink layer may contain a sublimable dye. As the sublimable dye, various disperse dyes, basic dyes and the like can be used.
- a known method for example, a hot melt coating, a solution coating method such as a gravure, reverse, or slit die method with a solvent added is used. be able to.
- the measurement is performed using TMAZ SS120C manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. However, the sample was 15 mm in length and 4 mm in width, using a quartz holder, the measurement temperature range was 30 to 280 ° C, the heating rate was 5 ° CZ, and the load was 5 g. I do.
- the film was cut into a sample width of 10 mm and a length of 15 cm.
- the distance between the chucks was set to 100 mm, the tensile speed was set to 10 mmZ, and the chart speed was set to 500 mmZ. Pull.
- the Young's modulus is calculated from the tangent line at the top of the obtained load-elongation curve.
- a bonding tape manufactured by Sumitomo 3LM Co., Ltd.
- the adhesiveness is evaluated as follows according to the degree of peeling of the ink layer.
- the area of peeling of the ink layer is less than 10%
- the peeling area of the ink layer is 10% to less than 30%, 2; The area where the ink layer peels is less than 30% to less than 80%,
- Ink layer peeling area is 80% or more
- Images were printed on an image-receiving sheet VY'200 (a brand name of standard paper manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) using a printer, Hitachi VY * 200 (brand name, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), so that the optical density was maximized.
- the printability and wrinkles generated on the ribbon were evaluated for the prepared thermal transfer lipon according to the following criteria.
- n Z represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the film surface.
- the measurement was performed by a symmetrical reflection method using a filter obtained by filtering CuKa1 with a Nigel filter at an output of 40 kV and 50 mA.
- the image was printed on an image receiving sheet VY '200 (trade name of standard paper manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) with the pudding Yuichi Hitachi VY 200 (trade name of Hitachi, Ltd.) so that the optical density was maximized.
- the delamination of the surface of the prepared thermal transfer lipon was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- the polyethylene-1,2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate containing 0.4% by weight of spherical silica particles having a particle diameter of 1.2 m and a particle diameter of 1.2 m was measured by an extruder. It was melt-extruded into a film with a T-die, and was adhered to a water-cooled drum and solidified by cooling to obtain an undrawn sheet. The unstretched film was stretched in the machine direction (machine axis direction) by a factor of 144: 144.
- Epoxy resin 0.02% by weight
- Nonionic surfactant 0.20% by weight
- thermal transfer ink having the following composition was applied to the surface opposite to the anti-fusing layer with a Daravia coater so that the coating thickness became 1.0 m, thereby producing a thermal transfer ribbon.
- Methyl ethyl ketone 46.5% by weight
- Example 1 was repeated except that the film was stretched 4.8 times vertically and 3.9 times horizontally and heat-set at 245 ° C. Next, a transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a thermal transfer ribbon and evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 1 the film was stretched 5.0 times in length and 4.0 times in width, heat-set at 240 ° C, and the film thickness was 3.1 / xm (2.5 rn without coating layer). The same procedure was followed except for the above. Next, a transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a thermal transfer ribbon and evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results. Comparative Example 1
- Example 1 The same procedure was performed in Example 1 except that the heat setting was performed at 210 ° C. Next, a transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a thermal transfer ribbon and evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 1 was repeated except that the film was stretched 3.0 times in length and 3.1 times in width. Next, a transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare and evaluate a lipon for thermal transfer. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 1 the film was stretched 3.6 times in length and 3.9 times in width, heat-set at 240 ° C, and the film thickness was 3.1 m (2.5 u rn without coating layer). Everything was done in the same way except that Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, a transfer ink was applied to prepare a lip for thermal transfer and evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Multi-stage longitudinal stretching machine i.e. the first stage is 2.2 times at 125 ° C, the second stage is 1.1 times at 125 ° C, and the third stage is 2.15 times at 115 ° C.
- the film was stretched three times in a total of 5.6 times in three stages, and then stretched in a ten-oven oven at 110 ° C and 3.8 times in the transverse direction.
- Example 2 a thermal transfer was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a tension heat treatment was performed at a fixed length at 225 ° C, and then a reheat treatment was performed while contracting 6% in the horizontal direction at 210 ° C. A ribbon was prepared and evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- the rate was melt-extruded into a sheet by an extruder and a T-die, and was adhered to a water-cooled drum to cool and solidify to obtain an unstretched film.
- This unstretched film was stretched 4.3 times at 144 in the machine direction (machine axis direction).
- the coating of composition 1 used in Example 1 was used as a fusion preventing layer so that the coating thickness after drying was 0.5 m.
- the coating was applied in the evening, and the coating of composition 2 used in Example 1 was used as an easy-adhesion layer on the side to be coated with the ink layer so that the coating thickness after drying was 0.1 / m. I applied it.
- it is successively biaxially stretched 3.5 times at 140 ° C in the horizontal direction (width direction), heat-fixed at 240 ° C, and subjected to 2% relaxation in the width direction.
- a biaxially oriented film having a thickness of 4.5) was obtained.
- the obtained polyethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate base film for thermal transfer ribonucleic acid was subjected to longitudinal and lateral Young's modulus, refractive index, plane orientation coefficient, density, and vertical and lateral loads.
- the temperature dimensional change curve was measured, and the dimensional change at 200 ° C and the dimensional change at 230 ° C were determined.
- a transfer ink having the same composition as that used in Example 1 was applied to the surface opposite to the anti-fusing layer by gravure coating so as to have a coating thickness of 1.0 m. Made.
- Example 5 was repeated except that the film was stretched 3.9 times in length and 3.9 times in width, and 1% relaxation was performed in the horizontal direction.
- Example 5 stretch 4.8 times vertically and 3.9 times horizontally, heat-set at 243 ° C, horizontal The procedure was the same except that the 1% relaxation treatment was performed in the same direction. Next, a transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 5 to prepare a thermal transfer ribbon and evaluated. Table 2 shows the evaluation results. -Example 8
- Example 5 the film was stretched 5.0 times in length and 4.0 times in width, heat-set at 240 ° C, and 11% relaxation in the horizontal direction (1% tension treatment). All procedures were the same except that 1 u rn (2.5 u rn without the coating layer). Next, in the same manner as in Example 5, a transfer ink was applied to prepare a lip for thermal transfer and evaluated. Table 2 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 5 was repeated except that heat setting was performed at 210 ° C. Next, a transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 5 to prepare a thermal transfer ribbon and evaluated. Table 2 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 5 The same procedure was performed in Example 5 except that the film was stretched 3.0 times in length and 3.1 times in width. Next, a transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 5 to prepare a thermal transfer lipon and evaluated. Table 2 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 5 the film was stretched 3.6 times in length and 3.9 times in width, heat-set at 240 ° C, and the film thickness was 3.1 (2.5 u rn without the coating layer). Everything was done in the same way except for Next, in the same manner as in Example 5, a transfer ink was applied to prepare a lip for thermal transfer and evaluated. Table 2 shows the evaluation results.
- Multistage longitudinal stretching equipment i.e., the first stage is 2.2 times at 125 ° C, the second stage is 1.1 times at 125 ° C, and the third stage is 2.3 times at 115 ° C.
- a total of 5.6 times longitudinal stretching was performed, and a tenter oven was used to perform transverse stretching at 110 ° C and 3.8 times.
- a ripon for thermal transfer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that a tension heat treatment was performed at a fixed length at 225 ° C, and then a reheat treatment was performed at 210 ° C while contracting 6% in the horizontal direction. And evaluated. Table 2 shows the evaluation results. -
- the phthalenedicarboxylate was melt-extruded into a sheet with an extruder and a T-die, and was adhered to a water-cooled drum to be cooled and solidified to obtain an undrawn film. This unstretched film was stretched 4.1 times at 144 ° C. in the machine direction (machine axis direction).
- composition 1 used in Example 1 On the side of the longitudinally stretched film where the ink layer is not applied, the coating of composition 1 used in Example 1 was used as a fusion preventing layer so that the coating thickness after drying was 0.5 m.
- a coating having the following composition 2 was applied as an easy-adhesion layer on the side on which the ink layer is to be applied, so that the coating thickness after drying was 0.1 m.
- it is biaxially stretched 3.7 times in the transverse direction (width direction) at 140 °, heat-fixed at 240 ° C, does not undergo relaxation in the width direction, and has a thickness of 5.1.
- a zm biaxially oriented film was obtained.
- Coating composition 2 (acrylic + polyester + epoxy)
- the composition of the coating material 2 has the following composition.
- the acrylic resin is composed of methyl methacrylate 65 mol% Z-ethyl acrylate 28 mol% 2-hydroxyethyl methyl acrylate 2 mol% ZN-methylolacrylamide 5 mol%.
- polyester resin 35% by mole of terephthalic acid as an acid component 7 13% by mole of isophthalic acid Z5—2% by mole of sodium sulfoisophthalic acid, ethylene glycol 45% by weight of glycol component / diethylene glycol 5% by mole, 42% by weight of solid content, N, N, ⁇ ', ⁇ ', -tetraglycidyl-m-xylylenediamine as epoxy cross-linking agent 6% by weight of solid content, wet As an agent, laurylpolyoxyethylene is 10% by weight in terms of solid content.
- thermal transfer ink having the same composition as that used in Example 1 was applied to the surface opposite to the anti-fusing layer by a gravure process at a time so that the coating thickness became 1.011 m.
- Thermal transfer Bonn was prepared.
- Example 9 was the same except that a coating agent of the following composition 3 was applied as an easy-adhesion layer on the side to which the ink layer was applied in a gravure process, so that the coating thickness after drying was 0.1 m. I went to.
- Paint composition 3 (acrylic + polyester + melamine)
- the composition of the coating agent 3 has the following configuration.
- the acrylic resin is composed of 75 mol% methyl methacrylate, 22 mol% Z ethyl acrylate, 1 mol% acrylic acid, 2 mol% ZN-methylol acrylamide, 40 wt% solid weight, and polyester.
- the resin is composed of 30 mol% of terephthalic acid as an acid component, 15 mol% of Z-isophthalic acid, 5 mol% of monosodium sulfoisophthalic acid, and 30 mol% of ethylenedalicol and 20 mol% of monobutanediol as a glycol component.
- the solid content is 40% by weight, the melamine-based compound methylolated melamine as a cross-linking agent is 10% by weight, and the lauryl polyoxyethylene as a wetting agent is 10% by weight.
- Example 9 was the same except that a coating agent of the following composition 4 was applied as an easy-adhesion layer on the side to which the ink layer was applied with a gravure coater so that the coating thickness after drying was 0.1 im. went.
- Coating composition 4 Vinyl resin modified polyester + epoxy
- the composition of the coating agent 4 has the following composition.
- the vinyl resin-modified polyester has a vinyl resin part consisting of methyl methacrylate / isobutyl methacrylate Z-acrylic acid Z methacrylic acid glycidyl methacrylate, and a polyester part having terephthalic acid and isofuric acid Z5_ sodium as an acid component.
- Example 9 The same procedure was performed in Example 9 except that the film was stretched 3.7 times in length and 3.9 times in width.
- Example 9 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the film was stretched 4.8 times in length and 3.9 times in width, and heat set at 245 ° C. Next, a thermal transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 9 to prepare a thermal transfer lipon and evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 9 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the film was stretched 5.0 times in length and 4.0 times in width, heat set at 240 ° C., and the film thickness was set to 3.1 m. Next, in the same manner as in Example 9, a thermal transfer ink was applied to prepare a thermal transfer ribbon and evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 9 was repeated except that heat setting was performed at 210 ° C. Next, a thermal transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 9 to prepare a thermal transfer lipon and evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 9 was repeated except that the film was stretched 3.0 times in length and 3.1 times in width. Next, a thermal transfer ink was applied in the same manner as in Example 9 to prepare a thermal transfer ribbon and evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 9 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the film was stretched 3.6 times in length and 3.9 times in width, heat set at 240 ° C., and the film thickness was set to 2.5 m. Next, in the same manner as in Example 9, a thermal transfer ink was applied to prepare a thermal transfer lipon and evaluated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results.
- Multistage longitudinal stretching equipment i.e. the first stage is 12.5 to 2.2 times, the second stage is 1.2 to 1.1 times, and the third stage is 11.5 t: 2.3 times, total 5.
- the film was stretched six times in three stages and stretched in a ten-oven oven at 110 ° C and 3.8 times in the transverse direction.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2304604 CA2304604A1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | Thermal transfer ribbon and base film thereof |
| US09/509,079 US6303228B1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | Thermal transfer ribbon and base film thereof |
| EP99931518A EP1022152A4 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | HEAT-SENSITIVE TRANSMISSION TAPE AND CARRIER FILM THEREFOR |
| KR1020007003068A KR20010024241A (ko) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | 감열 전사 리본 및 이의 기재 필름 |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21008998 | 1998-07-24 | ||
| JP10/210089 | 1998-07-24 | ||
| JP10/210088 | 1998-07-24 | ||
| JP21009098 | 1998-07-24 | ||
| JP21008898 | 1998-07-24 | ||
| JP10/210090 | 1998-07-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000005079A1 true WO2000005079A1 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
Family
ID=27329091
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1999/003965 Ceased WO2000005079A1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-07-23 | Thermal transfer ribbon and base film thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6303228B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1022152A4 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20010024241A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2304604A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2000005079A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009525895A (ja) * | 2006-02-09 | 2009-07-16 | デュポン テイジン フィルムズ ユー.エス.リミテッド パートナーシップ | 低熱収縮を示すポリエステルフィルムの製造プロセス |
| CN102785420B (zh) * | 2001-09-11 | 2014-12-10 | 美国杜邦泰津胶片合伙人有限公司 | 用于柔性电子器件和光电子器件的热稳定聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯膜 |
| JP2016078386A (ja) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-16 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 感熱転写記録媒体 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000063001A1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2000-10-26 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Biaxially oriented polyester film, process for producing the same, and magnetic recording medium |
| EP1339076A4 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2005-01-12 | Teijin Ltd | POLYESTER FILM FOR CAPACITORS |
| US6761968B2 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2004-07-13 | Teijin Limited | Biaxially oriented polyester film |
| GB0122015D0 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2001-10-31 | Dupont Teijin Films Us Ltd | Polyester film |
| GB0208506D0 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2002-05-22 | Dupont Teijin Films Us Ltd | Film coating |
| JP4052021B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-04 | 2008-02-27 | 帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社 | 配向ポリエステルフィルムおよびそれを用いた積層フィルム |
| US7226890B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2007-06-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Thermal printing ribbon |
| US7113197B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2006-09-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of thermal printing |
| KR100764799B1 (ko) * | 2004-07-02 | 2007-10-08 | 도레이새한 주식회사 | 플렉소 인쇄판용 이축 연신 폴리에스테르 필름 |
| US7211364B1 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-05-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Thermally conducive material and use in high-speed printing |
| US9186593B2 (en) | 2006-06-07 | 2015-11-17 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Stretchable and formable lighter than air balloons made from a biaxially oriented polyester film |
| US7829162B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2010-11-09 | international imagining materials, inc | Thermal transfer ribbon |
| JP2010508171A (ja) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-03-18 | デュポン テイジン フィルムス ユーエス リミテッド パートナーシップ | ヒートシール可能な複合ポリエステルフィルム |
| KR101467009B1 (ko) * | 2007-05-30 | 2014-12-01 | 데이진 듀폰 필름 가부시키가이샤 | 자동차 구동 모터용 2 축 배향 폴리에스테르 필름 및 그것으로 이루어지는 전기 절연 부재 |
| US20110209901A1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2011-09-01 | Dupont Teijin Films U.S. Limited Partnership | Coated polyester film |
| CN101939165B (zh) * | 2007-08-30 | 2015-05-13 | 杜邦泰吉恩胶卷美国有限公司 | 具有可热成型的聚酯膜盖的可双法烘烤的食物包装 |
| US8367175B2 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2013-02-05 | Xerox Corporation | Coating compositions for fusers and methods of use thereof |
| US10137625B2 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2018-11-27 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Biaxially oriented bio-based polyester films and laminates |
| US9561676B2 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2017-02-07 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Biaxially oriented bio-based polyester thin films and laminates for thermal transfer printing |
| US10662311B2 (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2020-05-26 | Flex Films (Usa) Inc. | Thermoplastic films having asymmetric properties |
| US20170368807A1 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2017-12-28 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Formable polyester films |
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1999
- 1999-07-23 EP EP99931518A patent/EP1022152A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-23 CA CA 2304604 patent/CA2304604A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-23 WO PCT/JP1999/003965 patent/WO2000005079A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-23 US US09/509,079 patent/US6303228B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-23 KR KR1020007003068A patent/KR20010024241A/ko not_active Ceased
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102785420B (zh) * | 2001-09-11 | 2014-12-10 | 美国杜邦泰津胶片合伙人有限公司 | 用于柔性电子器件和光电子器件的热稳定聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯膜 |
| JP2009525895A (ja) * | 2006-02-09 | 2009-07-16 | デュポン テイジン フィルムズ ユー.エス.リミテッド パートナーシップ | 低熱収縮を示すポリエステルフィルムの製造プロセス |
| JP2016078386A (ja) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-16 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 感熱転写記録媒体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2304604A1 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
| EP1022152A4 (en) | 2001-01-24 |
| US6303228B1 (en) | 2001-10-16 |
| KR20010024241A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
| EP1022152A1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
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