WO2000049104A1 - Materiau de friction - Google Patents
Materiau de friction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000049104A1 WO2000049104A1 PCT/JP2000/000879 JP0000879W WO0049104A1 WO 2000049104 A1 WO2000049104 A1 WO 2000049104A1 JP 0000879 W JP0000879 W JP 0000879W WO 0049104 A1 WO0049104 A1 WO 0049104A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- friction
- friction material
- boehmite
- weight
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/149—Antislip compositions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a friction material suitable as a material for a braking member, for example, a material for a clutch facing, a material for a brake, and the like used in a braking device for an automobile, an aircraft, a railway vehicle, and industrial equipment.
- a friction material suitable as a material for a braking member for example, a material for a clutch facing, a material for a brake, and the like used in a braking device for an automobile, an aircraft, a railway vehicle, and industrial equipment.
- a friction material in a braking member a friction material obtained by dispersing asbestos in an organic or inorganic binder and binding and forming the same has been used.
- this type of friction material has insufficient friction and wear characteristics such as heat resistance, and the aspect has environmental health problems such as carcinogenicity. ing.
- Potassium titanate fiber does not have the carcinogenic properties of Asbestos, has excellent heat resistance, and has the excellent features of being effective in preventing the fade phenomenon and improving the thermal stability of friction characteristics.
- potassium titanate fiber has a problem that it is bulky and inferior in flowability due to having a fiber shape, and adheres to a wall of a supply passage at the time of production to block it.
- potassium titanate fiber is a fibrous powder, so that it easily generates dust and has a problem that the working environment is deteriorated. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and has as its object to provide a friction material having excellent friction and wear characteristics even at high temperatures, and having excellent productivity and workability.
- the friction material of the present invention is characterized in that flaky boehmite is blended as a friction modifier.
- the scaly (eg, flaky, plate-like) boehmite used in the present invention is a layered compound containing AIO (OH) as a main component, and naturally contains silicon, titanium, iron, magnesium, calcium, etc.
- AIO OH
- flaky aluminum hydroxide mineral containing it is widely distributed in bauxite and is produced in the pyrophyllite-kaolinite deposit.
- Mohs hardness is 3.5 to 4.0 (former Mohs hardness), and the aggressiveness (abrasiveness) of the mating material when used as a friction material is low.
- It has low reactivity with water and is almost insoluble in acids and alkalis.
- the friction material having the above configuration has a stable and excellent friction coefficient and wear resistance over a wide temperature range from a low temperature to a high temperature. Therefore, when used as a material for braking members used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, various industrial equipment, etc., for example, as a material for clutch fishing and as a material for brakes such as brake linings and disc pads, The braking function is improved and stabilized, and the service life is improved.
- the blending amount of the flaky boehmite in the friction material of the present invention may be 3 to 50% by weight. By adjusting the blending amount to 3% by weight or more, the effect of improving the friction characteristics can be sufficiently exhibited. Also, there is no benefit of blending over 50% by weight.
- the flaky boehmite of the friction material of the present invention may be an alkaline earth metal-containing alumina or an alkaline earth metal hexaluminate.
- Examples of the friction material of the present invention include a friction material composed of a base fiber, a friction modifier and a binder, and the mixing ratio of each component in the friction material is 1 to 60 parts by weight of the base fiber,
- Examples of the friction modifier include 20 to 80 parts by weight, including flaky boehmite, 10 to 40 parts by weight of a binder, and 0 to 60 parts by weight of other components.
- the base fiber examples include resin fibers such as aramide fibers, metal fibers such as steel fibers and brass fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, rock wool, and wood pulp. These base fibers are surface-treated with silane-based coupling agents such as aminosilane, epoxysilane, or vinylsilane, titanate-based coupling agents, or phosphate esters to improve dispersibility and adhesion to the binder. May be used.
- silane-based coupling agents such as aminosilane, epoxysilane, or vinylsilane
- titanate-based coupling agents titanate-based coupling agents
- phosphate esters to improve dispersibility and adhesion to the binder. May be used.
- friction modifier in addition to the flaky boehmite, another friction modifier may be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- vulcanized or unvulcanized natural or synthetic rubber powder cash resin powder,
- Powder organic powder such as rubber dust, force pump rack, graphite powder, molybdenum disulfide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, clay, Mai force, talc, diatomaceous earth, antigolite, sepiolite, montmorillonite, zeolite, sodium trititanate, Inorganic powders such as sodium pentatitanate, potassium hexatitanate, and potassium octa titanate; metal powders such as copper, aluminum, zinc, and iron; oxide powders such as alumina, silica, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, and iron oxide Can be mentioned.
- organic powder such as rubber dust, force pump rack, graphite powder, molybdenum disulfide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, clay, Mai force, talc, diatomaceous earth, antigolite, sepiolite, montmorillonite, zeolite, sodium trititanate, Inorganic powders such as sodium pentatitanate
- a granular or plate-like material may be used in combination.
- the granular material has an average particle diameter of 3 to 100 zm
- the plate material has an average thickness of 0.05 to 1 m and an average aspect ratio of 3 to 1000.
- the weight ratio of flaky boehmite to sodium titanate or potassium titanate is about 1: 9 to 8: 2. Is preferred.
- a friction material having high friction and wear characteristics can be provided.
- binder examples include thermosetting resins such as phenol resin, formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, aromatic polyester resin, and urea resin, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, and chloroprene.
- thermosetting resins such as phenol resin, formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, aromatic polyester resin, and urea resin, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, and chloroprene.
- Elastomers such as rubber, polyisoprene rubber, acrylic rubber, high styrene rubber, styrene propylene copolymer, polyamide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyether resin, polyimide resin, polyether ether ketone resin, thermoplastic liquid crystal polyester
- organic binders such as thermoplastic resins such as resins, and inorganic binders such as alumina sol, silica sol, and silicone resin.
- the friction material of the present invention in addition to the above components, if necessary, components such as a gas barrier, a lubricant, and a grinding agent can be blended.
- the method for producing the friction material of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately produced according to a conventionally known method for producing a friction material.
- One example is to disperse the base fiber in a binder, mix and combine a friction modifier and other components as needed, adjust the friction material composition, and then add the A method of injecting the composition and heating under pressure to form a binder may be mentioned.
- a binder is melt-kneaded in a twin-screw extruder, and the base fiber, a friction modifier and other components to be blended as required are combined from a side hopper, and the mixture is extruded. After molding, there can be mentioned a method of machining into a desired shape. Further, as another example, the friction material composition is dispersed in water or the like, formed on a paper net, dehydrated and formed into a sheet, and then heated and pressed by a press machine to form a binding. The obtained friction material may be appropriately cut and polished to obtain a desired shape.
- the friction material of the present invention has a flaky shape of boehmite as a friction modifier, so that the fluidity is improved as compared with the case where fiber-shaped potassium titanate fiber is used. At times, there is no danger of adhering to the wall of the supply path and closing the supply path. In addition, since it is scaly, there is little generation of dust like fiber powder of potassium titanate, and the working environment is improved.
- FIG. 1 is a measurement diagram showing the relationship between the wear rate and the disk temperature.
- FIG. 2 is a measurement diagram showing the relationship between the coefficient of friction and the disk temperature.
- High-purity aluminum hydroxide (A 1 (OH) 3 ) (purity> 99%) and strontium hydroxide (S r (OH)) are dispersed in water to form a slurry. After reacting at a pressure of 10 to 15 atm and a reaction temperature of 150 to 200 ° C for 8 hours, the slurry was filtered and dried to obtain a long diameter of 0.8 to 1.0111 and a short diameter of 0.008 to l; ⁇ m scaly boehmite (strontium-containing alumina) was obtained.
- Potassium titanate fiber (trade name "Tismo D", manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) 15 parts by weight, aramide fiber (trade name “Kevlar-Pulp” 3 mm, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) 4 parts by weight, binder (Phenol 9 parts by weight, organic additives (cash dust, etc.) 9 parts by weight, flaky boehmite (produced in Reference Example) 30 parts by weight, other (lubricants such as graphite, metal powder, oxide powder) 33 parts by weight was filled in a mold was mixed well and binder molding: perform (pressure 150 kg f / cm 2, temperature 170 ° C, 5 minutes), after molding, mold release to a heat treatment (180 ° C for 3 hours). Thereafter, the specimen (A) was obtained by polishing.
- organic additives lubricants, metal powders, and oxide powders, those usually added to the friction agent were used.
- a test piece was cut out from the specimen (A) and the specimen (B), and a constant-speed friction and wear test was conducted in accordance with the provisions of JIS D4411 (brake lining for automobiles) (disc friction surface: FC 25 mouse, iron pressure)
- the wear rate (cm 3 / kg-m) and the friction coefficient () were measured by applying 10 kgf / cm 2 and a friction speed of 7 mZ seconds.
- the measurement results are shown in Fig. 1 (wear rate) and Fig. 2 (friction coefficient). From the above results, the friction material of the example containing the flaky boehmite (the friction material composed of the test piece (A)) was obtained from the friction material of the comparative example not containing the boehmite (the specimen (B)). Even in the temperature range exceeding 350 ° C, the change in friction coefficient is extremely small, and the reduction in frictional resistance is relatively low. I understand.
- the friction material of the present invention has a stable and excellent friction coefficient and wear resistance over a wide temperature range from a low temperature to a high temperature. Therefore, when used as a material for braking members used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, various industrial equipment, etc., for example, as a material for clutch facing, and a material for brakes such as brake linings and disc pads, etc.
- the braking function is improved and stabilized, and the service life is improved.
- the boehmite as a friction modifier is in a flaky shape, it is possible to prevent the supply passage from being blocked at the time of manufacturing, to reduce the possibility of generating dust, and to achieve excellent productivity and workability. is there.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020007011512A KR20010042775A (ko) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-16 | 마찰재 |
| US09/673,144 US6355601B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-16 | Friction material |
| DE60008046T DE60008046T2 (de) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-16 | Reibungsmaterial |
| EP00903990A EP1081206B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-16 | Friction material |
| AU25723/00A AU2572300A (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-16 | Friction material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP04158799A JP4204132B2 (ja) | 1999-02-19 | 1999-02-19 | 摩擦材 |
| JP11/41587 | 1999-02-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000049104A1 true WO2000049104A1 (fr) | 2000-08-24 |
Family
ID=12612567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2000/000879 Ceased WO2000049104A1 (fr) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-16 | Materiau de friction |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6355601B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1081206B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4204132B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20010042775A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1129658C (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2572300A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE60008046T2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2000049104A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6670408B2 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2003-12-30 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Friction material |
| WO2010140765A2 (ko) | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-09 | 주식회사 종근당 | 로수바스타틴의 신규한 제조방법, 이 제조에 유용한 중간체 화합물 및 그의 제조방법 |
| EP2361906A1 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2011-08-31 | AstraZeneca UK Limited | Process for preparing rosuvastatin |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6620860B2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-09-16 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material |
| US6586373B2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2003-07-01 | Nsk-Warner Kabushiki Kaisha | Wet friction material |
| US7078009B2 (en) * | 2001-10-29 | 2006-07-18 | Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. | Lepidocrocite type lithium potassium titanate, method for preparation thereof, and friction material |
| WO2004015309A1 (ja) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-02-19 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | 樹脂歯車 |
| EP1609837B1 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2016-11-02 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Friction material composition and friction material therefrom |
| US20040164438A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-08-26 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Slurry composition and method for forming friction material therefrom |
| JP4089509B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-22 | 2008-05-28 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 摩擦材組成物及び摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材 |
| WO2005005541A1 (ja) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-20 | Asahi Organic Chemicals Industry Co., Ltd. | フェノール樹脂組成物 |
| JP2005126287A (ja) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-05-19 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 水酸化アルミニウム、それを含む水酸化アルミニウムスラリー及び樹脂組成物、並びにその製造方法 |
| US20060144655A1 (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2006-07-06 | Lin A P | Disc brake pad |
| US7252873B2 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-08-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrostatographic apparatus having transport member with high friction layer |
| JP5162921B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-23 | 2013-03-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | 粒状物およびそれを用いてなる熱伝導性樹脂組成物 |
| CN101148330B (zh) * | 2007-09-06 | 2011-08-31 | 贵州大学 | 纤维状坡缕石的改性方法及其产品和应用 |
| JP5564757B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-18 | 2014-08-06 | 株式会社アドヴィックス | 摩擦材 |
| CN102666017B (zh) | 2009-12-02 | 2015-12-16 | 3M创新有限公司 | 双锥形成形磨粒 |
| WO2011116788A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Saint Petersburg State University | Layered titanates |
| CN101942168B (zh) * | 2010-09-02 | 2015-07-08 | 恩比尔(厦门)机械制造有限公司 | 一种车轮刹车皮及其生产工艺 |
| CN102619913A (zh) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-08-01 | 东营博瑞制动系统有限公司 | 钛酸钠晶须用于制备少金属刹车片的配方 |
| CN102634320B (zh) * | 2012-04-12 | 2014-07-30 | 龚亚云 | 一种高耐磨陶瓷汽车刹车片材料及其制备方法 |
| CN103438127B (zh) * | 2013-08-08 | 2016-12-28 | 临安华龙摩擦材料有限公司 | 基于碳纤维陶瓷纤维增强的湿式纸基摩擦片及其制作方法 |
| CN104963976B (zh) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-10-03 | 海安县东洋通达汽车配件有限公司 | 高耐磨刹车片 |
| DE112015006801T5 (de) * | 2015-08-13 | 2018-05-09 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Nassreibungsmaterial mit erhöhtem Reibungskoeffizienten |
| US10000020B2 (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2018-06-19 | Xerox Corporation | Method and device for producing areas in a printed object having different coefficients of friction |
| CN106979268A (zh) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-07-25 | 海安县东洋通达汽车配件有限公司 | 一种汽车摩擦片 |
| CN110905954B (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-18 | 上海壬丰新材料科技有限公司 | 一种增加轮轨粘着系数的闸瓦材料及其制备的闸瓦 |
| JP7735825B2 (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2025-09-09 | 株式会社アドヴィックス | 摩擦材組成物および摩擦材 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH069944A (ja) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-01-18 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | 摩擦材 |
| JPH069945A (ja) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-01-18 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | 摩擦材 |
| WO1995027859A1 (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1995-10-19 | Lanxide Technology Company, L.P. | Brake rotors, clutch plates and like parts and methods for making the same |
| WO1996026371A2 (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-08-29 | Lanxide Technology Company, L.P. | Noise abating components |
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| FR1381282A (fr) * | 1963-07-10 | 1964-12-14 | Pechiney Saint Gobain | Hydrates d'aluminium très fins de la variété boéhmite |
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| US4182437A (en) * | 1978-05-08 | 1980-01-08 | Ferro Corporation | Unstable devitrifiable glasses and friction materials containing them |
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| US4797139A (en) * | 1987-08-11 | 1989-01-10 | Norton Company | Boehmite produced by a seeded hydyothermal process and ceramic bodies produced therefrom |
| US5268398A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1993-12-07 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material and method of manufacturing such material |
| US5266395A (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1993-11-30 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material for making brake pads |
| JP3047110B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-15 | 2000-05-29 | 株式会社東北テクノアーチ | 金属酸化物微粒子の製造方法 |
| JPH0532958A (ja) * | 1991-07-30 | 1993-02-09 | Kubota Corp | 摩擦材 |
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| US5971113A (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 1999-10-26 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Coated friction pad for brake assembly |
| JP2000178537A (ja) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-06-27 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 摩擦材組成物、摩擦材組成物の製造法及び摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材 |
-
1999
- 1999-02-19 JP JP04158799A patent/JP4204132B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-02-16 EP EP00903990A patent/EP1081206B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-16 US US09/673,144 patent/US6355601B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-16 DE DE60008046T patent/DE60008046T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-16 AU AU25723/00A patent/AU2572300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-16 KR KR1020007011512A patent/KR20010042775A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2000-02-16 WO PCT/JP2000/000879 patent/WO2000049104A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2000-02-16 CN CN00800188A patent/CN1129658C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH069944A (ja) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-01-18 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | 摩擦材 |
| JPH069945A (ja) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-01-18 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | 摩擦材 |
| WO1995027859A1 (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1995-10-19 | Lanxide Technology Company, L.P. | Brake rotors, clutch plates and like parts and methods for making the same |
| WO1996026371A2 (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-08-29 | Lanxide Technology Company, L.P. | Noise abating components |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP1081206A4 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6670408B2 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2003-12-30 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Friction material |
| EP2361906A1 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2011-08-31 | AstraZeneca UK Limited | Process for preparing rosuvastatin |
| WO2010140765A2 (ko) | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-09 | 주식회사 종근당 | 로수바스타틴의 신규한 제조방법, 이 제조에 유용한 중간체 화합물 및 그의 제조방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1081206B1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
| CN1129658C (zh) | 2003-12-03 |
| EP1081206A1 (en) | 2001-03-07 |
| JP4204132B2 (ja) | 2009-01-07 |
| CN1294621A (zh) | 2001-05-09 |
| US6355601B1 (en) | 2002-03-12 |
| DE60008046D1 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
| KR20010042775A (ko) | 2001-05-25 |
| AU2572300A (en) | 2000-09-04 |
| EP1081206A4 (en) | 2001-08-29 |
| DE60008046T2 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
| JP2000240702A (ja) | 2000-09-05 |
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