WO2000073654A1 - Method and device for converting thermal energy and device with the thermal energy converting device - Google Patents
Method and device for converting thermal energy and device with the thermal energy converting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000073654A1 WO2000073654A1 PCT/JP2000/003422 JP0003422W WO0073654A1 WO 2000073654 A1 WO2000073654 A1 WO 2000073654A1 JP 0003422 W JP0003422 W JP 0003422W WO 0073654 A1 WO0073654 A1 WO 0073654A1
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- Prior art keywords
- energy
- medium
- heat
- storage unit
- conversion device
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1853—Rotary generators driven by intermittent forces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/062—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the activation arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/064—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by its use
- F03G7/0641—Motors; Energy harvesting or waste energy recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/066—Actuator control or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
- F03G7/061—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element
- F03G7/0613—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element using layers of different materials joined together, e.g. bimetals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal energy conversion device, a device having the same, and a thermal energy conversion method, and in particular, a thermal energy device configured to extract energy based on pressure fluctuation or volume fluctuation of a heat medium based on a temperature change.
- the structure of the conversion device is not limited to a thermal energy conversion device, a device having the same, and a thermal energy conversion method, and in particular, a thermal energy device configured to extract energy based on pressure fluctuation or volume fluctuation of a heat medium based on a temperature change.
- a Jaguar-LeCoultre clock is a clock that uses the fluctuations in outside temperature to obtain operating energy.
- a deformable sealed container enclosing ethyl chloride as a heat medium in a mixed state of gas phase and liquid phase is provided inside the fuselage, and when the internal pressure of the sealed container fluctuates due to a change in temperature, the sealed container is sealed.
- the mainspring is wound up by this deformation, and the energy for driving the hands is accumulated.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-3341 Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-14,265.
- Each of them has a structure in which a liquid and a gas are accommodated as a heat medium in a sealed container having an elastic bellows, and an operation lever is connected to the sealed container.
- the sealed container expands and contracts due to changes in the outside air temperature
- the operating lever also reciprocates, and the gear engaged with the operating lever causes rotational movement.
- this rotational motion is transmitted to the generator directly or through a spring, power is generated in the generator, and the generated electric energy is stored by a capacitor, a secondary battery, or the like.
- the change in the outside air temperature is generally relatively slow, so that the deformation operation of the sealed container is extremely slow.
- An object of the present invention is to solve various problems that occur in each of the above technologies.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus or method capable of quickly or reliably extracting usable energy even in a slow temperature fluctuation such as a temperature change. It is in.
- Another object of the invention is to be able to respond well to sudden changes in ambient temperature, It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus or a method capable of reliably extracting energy even when a temperature rise and a temperature drop occur successively within a short time.
- Still another object of the present invention is to achieve high efficiency in extracting energy with high efficiency over a wide range of the fluctuation speed of ambient temperature. It is to provide a device or method capable of doing so.
- a thermal energy conversion device of the present invention has a sealed container containing a heat medium whose volume changes due to a temperature change, and the sealed container has a substantially changed volume.
- a heat transfer body provided with a medium storage section that does not communicate with the medium storage section and a variable section that can change the volume, and an operation section that operates in response to a change in the volume of the variable section.
- the variable portion whose volume can be changed is communicated with the medium housing portion whose volume does not substantially change, so that the heat medium in the medium housing portion and the outside can be connected.
- the statement that the volume of the medium storage portion does not substantially change means that the volume change of the medium storage portion is smaller than that of the variable portion that changes in volume in accordance with the volume change of the heat medium.
- the above-mentioned operating section refers to a section that operates according to a change in volume of the changing section, and when storage means for storing operating energy of the operating section is connected to the operating section, It refers to all operating parts that mechanically connect to the storage means. Therefore, the operation part may be constituted by a single member, or may be constituted by a plurality of connected members.
- the medium storage section and the variable section may be formed separately and connected to each other, or both may be formed integrally.
- the medium storage section is formed to have a large thickness, and even if the volume of the heat medium stored in the medium storage section expands or contracts due to temperature fluctuation, the medium storage section has The volume is formed so that its volume does not substantially change, while the variable portion is formed so that its thickness is formed thin and its volume is easily changed and deformed by the above-mentioned expansion or contraction of the heat medium. Is also good.
- any material may be used as the material of the medium storage portion as long as it is substantially rigid and has a high thermal conductivity.
- an aluminum alloy, a copper alloy, a silver alloy, a gold alloy, or the like as described later is preferable.
- the material of the fluctuating section may be any material as long as the volume of the heat medium is likely to fluctuate as the heat medium expands or contracts due to temperature fluctuations.
- a highly heat-resistant material such as a thin elastic metal is preferable.
- the heat medium may be any medium that expands or contracts due to a temperature change to generate a volume change, and it is generally preferable to use a substance that is a gas or a liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure.
- a substance that is a gas or a liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure ammonia, carbon dioxide, Ethylene chloride is preferable, and it may be oxygen, nitrogen, air, or an elastic solid whose deformation due to temperature change is large, or at least one of gas, liquid, and solid
- It may be a substance in which two or more kinds are mixed.
- the surface of the medium accommodating portion is formed in an uneven shape. Since the surface area of the medium accommodating portion is increased by the uneven shape, heat exchange between the heat medium and the outside is promoted. Further, by providing a penetrating portion penetrating the medium accommodating portion, heat exchange can be further promoted.
- the volume of the fluctuation portion be smaller than the volume of the medium storage portion. Since the volume of the variable portion is smaller than the volume of the medium storage portion, the volume change (deformation) of the variable portion can be amplified to a greater extent, so that the responsiveness to temperature change can be further improved, Sensitivity to temperature changes can be increased.
- the medium accommodating portion is formed in an extended shape. Since the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the medium storage section can be increased by the extended shape of the medium storage section, the amount of heat entering and exiting the medium storage section increases, and the responsiveness and sensitivity to temperature changes are further improved. be able to. In this case, it is particularly preferable to use a pipe-shaped (tubular) medium storage section. Here, it is desirable to form an integrated structure in which the outer surfaces of the elongated medium accommodating portions are densely packed with each other in order to configure the medium accommodating portion compactly.
- the medium accommodating portion is formed in a state where its extended shape is bent. Since the extended medium storage portion is formed in a bent state, the device can be compactly configured and can be configured in an appropriate shape according to the structure of the device. It can respond flexibly to situations and can be used for small devices and portable devices. In this case, particularly in the case of a pipe-shaped (tubular) medium storage section, it is preferable that the medium storage section is formed in a wound state.
- variable section projects from the medium accommodating section, and a cross-sectional area of the variable section cut by a plane perpendicular to the projecting direction of the variable section is a cross-sectional area in a region connected to the variable section. It is preferable that the area is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the medium accommodating portion cut in a plane. In other words, when the area of the cross section changes from the medium storage section to the variable section when cut along a plane perpendicular to the direction toward the variable section, the area of the cross section when entering the variable section from the medium storage section is changed. It is preferable to shrink.
- the fluctuation part projects outside from the medium storage part, and its cross-sectional area is By being smaller than the container, the amount of deformation of the changing part due to the change in volume can be further increased in the protruding direction, and the kinetic energy that can be transmitted to the operating part can be further increased.
- the variable portion is configured to be deformable (or expandable and contractible) only in the above-described protruding direction in order to increase the amount of energy that can be extracted.
- the movable portion is configured to be able to expand and contract along a predetermined direction
- the operating portion is configured to be able to reciprocate in the predetermined direction in accordance with expansion and contraction of the movable portion.
- the storage unit converts the kinetic energy of the operation unit into another form of energy and then stores the converted form.
- the stored energy can be continuously supplied by storing the energy extracted from the operation unit by the storage unit.
- the accumulating means is one that converts kinetic energy into distortion energy of these elastic members and accumulates them using elastic members such as a mainspring, a coil panel, and a torsion spring.
- a first storage unit for temporarily storing kinetic energy of the operation unit
- a second storage unit for converting and storing energy output from the first storage unit It is preferred to have.
- the energy output from the first storage part is again stored by the second storage part, Surrounding It is difficult for the operation mode of the operation unit to increase the conversion efficiency of energy conversion, such as when the operation of the operation unit that occurs in response to a change in temperature is irregular, or the time variation of the operation amount is large.
- the first storage unit capable of coping with the operation mode of the operation unit or suitable for the operation mode of the operation unit in terms of conversion efficiency temporarily stores energy, and further, stores the energy in the second storage unit.
- the energy output from the first storage unit can be reconverted into a desired energy form or an energy form that is easier to use and stored, so that the energy extraction efficiency can be improved and It is possible to achieve both expansion of the selection range of the lugi style.
- the energy conversion characteristic in the first storage unit is configured such that the change characteristic of the conversion efficiency with respect to the magnitude of the input energy amount is gentler than the energy conversion characteristic in the second storage unit. Is preferred. Since the change characteristic of the conversion efficiency with respect to the magnitude of the input energy in the first storage unit is more gradual than that in the second storage unit, the input energy amount due to the rapid temperature change and the input due to the gradual temperature change It can widely cope with a decrease in energy amount, increase the efficiency of taking in energy, and select energy conversion and storage means by performing energy conversion again by the second storage unit. Can be expanded.
- the energy conversion characteristic in the first storage unit is configured to have a higher conversion efficiency for a low energy amount than the energy conversion characteristic in the second storage unit. . Since the daily change in environmental temperature is generally very slow, the amount of energy input to the first storage unit is usually very small. However, even small amounts of energy can be continuously converted and stored, so that the amount of energy that can be extracted can be increased as a whole.
- a generator that converts kinetic energy to electrical energy can provide easy-to-handle electrical energy, but when the amount of input kinetic energy decreases, the energy conversion efficiency rapidly decreases. . On the contrary, In the case where the mainspring is wound by the input energy, mechanical loss is inevitable, but the conversion efficiency can be maintained even when a low input energy is given.
- a control unit that controls an amount of energy transmitted from the first storage unit to the second storage unit is provided. Since the amount of energy sent from the first storage unit to the second storage unit can be controlled by the control means, the temporary energy storage amount in the first storage unit and the energy conversion speed of the second storage unit are adjusted as necessary. can do. Therefore, for example, by controlling the amount of energy transmitted from the first storage unit to be within the range of good transmission speed of energy conversion efficiency in the second storage unit, the energy of the entire apparatus is controlled. Conversion efficiency can be increased.
- the amount of energy transmitted from the first storage unit to the second storage unit is controlled to control the energy consumption. It is also possible to control the operating state of the operating part.
- the control means is configured to control the transmission amount so as to mitigate a variation in an energy storage amount of the second storage unit. It is preferable that an energy consuming unit that consumes the stored energy be connected.
- the control means alleviates the fluctuation in the amount of energy stored in the second storage section, so that the first storage section plays an effective buffering action in the energy flow path to the energy consuming section.
- the energy storage amount of the second storage unit increases or decreases according to the energy consumption amount of the energy consuming unit, and the energy transfer from the first storage unit to the second storage unit according to the increase or decrease. Since the output decreases or increases, the energy storage capacity of the entire system can be used effectively, for example, when the amount of energy stored in each of the first storage unit and the second storage unit is limited.
- control means is configured to control the transmission amount to be constant.
- the second storage unit performs stable energy conversion and efficiently transfers energy. Can be taken out. For example, it is possible to substantially increase the amount of energy that can be used by making the amount of energy output correspond to the highest conversion rate of the energy conversion efficiency in the second storage unit.
- a driven unit that consumes energy while traveling from the first storage unit to the second storage unit, and the driven unit is configured to be driven in an operation mode according to the amount of energy transmitted.
- the operating state (operating mode) of the driven unit can be kept constant.
- the first storage unit is a mechanical energy storage unit that converts kinetic energy of the operation unit into mechanical energy such as strain energy, potential energy, or rotational energy and temporarily stores the converted energy.
- the second storage unit includes a power generation unit that converts energy output from the first storage unit into electric energy, and a power storage unit that stores electric energy obtained from the power generation unit.
- the first accumulating unit converts the kinetic energy into elastic strain energy using an elastic member such as a mainspring, a coil panel, and a torsion spring, accumulates the energy, converts the kinetic energy into potential energy of the weight, accumulates the fly, It is conceivable to use a wheel or the like to convert it into a rotational moment and store it.
- a unit that converts the electric energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy such as a generator or a piezoelectric element
- the thermal energy conversion device of each of the above inventions can be provided in various devices.
- various devices equipped with an operating part that consumes energy the change in volume that occurs in the changing part connected to the medium storage part due to a change in the ambient temperature indicates the kinetic energy of the operating part. It can be taken out as one, and that energy can be used as it is or can be converted to other energy as appropriate to drive the working part.
- various electronic devices that operate by using electric energy obtained by converting heat energy
- a clock that directly uses kinetic energy obtained by converting heat energy or heat energy
- a battery or the like is required as an energy source in a portable device.
- the use of the present invention eliminates the need for the energy source itself, or replaces the energy source by appropriately replenishing the energy source. It is also possible to eliminate the need.
- a case body accommodating the thermal energy converter is provided, and the medium accommodating portion is arranged along an inner surface of the case body.
- components other than the thermal energy conversion device can be accommodated inside the case body as needed.
- the medium accommodating section along the inner surface of the case body, heat can be efficiently exchanged between the medium accommodating section and the case body, so that responsiveness and sensitivity to changes in ambient temperature are improved. Can be enhanced.
- the case body and the outer wall of the medium accommodating section are in close contact with each other, or that the case body and the outer wall of the medium accommodating section are formed in a body.
- the contact surface to the case body or the outer wall integrated with the case body is formed in an uneven shape so as to increase the contact area (the area in close contact) or the surface area.
- the case body is provided with a heat path configured to reach a position facing the medium accommodating portion from an outer surface of the case body and having a higher thermal conductivity than other parts.
- a heat path configured to reach a position facing the medium accommodating portion from an outer surface of the case body and having a higher thermal conductivity than other parts.
- High thermal conductivity in the medium storage Since heat enters and exits preferentially through the heat path, the outer surface of the case body provided with the above heat path can be brought into contact with a specific heat source (such as outside air) to extract heat energy selectively. become.
- a specific heat source such as outside air
- a medium housing portion is formed from an outer surface portion of the case body of the device that is exposed to outside air other than a portion that comes into contact with the body or clothing. It is desirable to provide the above heat path toward
- the case body is provided with an uneven shape selectively on an outer surface of a portion facing the medium accommodating portion. Since the unevenness is selectively provided on the outer surface of a portion of the case body facing the medium storage portion, the surface area of the case body is selectively increased on the outer surface of the portion. The heat can be made to flow into and out of the medium accommodating section.
- a portion of the case body adjacent to the medium storage portion is selectively provided with a heat insulating portion having a lower thermal conductivity than other portions. Since the heat insulating portion is selectively provided, the heat exchange between the medium accommodating portion and the outside is hindered in the portion where the heat insulating portion is provided, so that the temperature fluctuation partially occurs on the outer surface of the case body.
- a portion that contacts a small amount of heat source a change in temperature of the medium accommodating portion due to the thermal influence of the portion can be suppressed, and a reduction in the amount of energy that can be taken out can be prevented.
- the effects of body temperature, clothing, etc. can be reduced by selectively providing heat insulation parts in the case body in contact with the body or clothing. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the temperature fluctuation of the medium storage unit from being hindered.
- the method for converting heat energy comprises: forming a heat converter having a closed container containing therein a heat medium whose volume changes due to a temperature change, wherein the closed container has a medium housing whose volume does not substantially change.
- a variable portion communicating with the portion and the medium storage portion and having a variable volume; providing a volume change in the variable portion by changing a temperature in the medium storage portion based on an external temperature change; It generates kinetic energy.
- Another method of converting heat energy is a method of converting heat whose volume changes due to temperature change.
- the medium storage part is in contact with the body or clothes (the first heat source).
- the medium storage section is in thermal contact with the outside air, the desk, the floor, etc. (second heat source). It is configured so that it is in a state where Generally, a certain degree of temperature difference occurs between the wearing state and the removing state, and therefore, every time a portable device (mobile phone, wristwatch, etc.) and accessories are worn or removed from the body.
- the fluctuating part is deformed by the temperature change, and the kinetic energy can be extracted from it.
- a more specific method for converting heat energy according to the present invention is to form a heat converter having a closed container containing a heat medium whose volume changes according to a change in temperature, wherein the closed container has substantially a volume.
- a medium accommodating portion that does not change and a variable portion that communicates with the medium accommodating portion and that has a variable volume; a first outer surface portion for contacting a first heat source around the medium accommodating portion; A second outer surface portion for bringing the heat source into contact with a second heat source having a large temperature change; and a heat exchange property between the outside and the medium accommodating portion via the first outer surface portion, (2)
- the heat exchange property between the outside via the outer surface portion and the medium accommodating portion is made lower.
- the thermal conductivity of the case portion (such as the back cover) having the first outer surface that comes into contact with the body or clothing can be measured in the open air.
- the case portion having the exposed second outer surface portion to be lower than the thermal conductivity of the case portion (such as the outer peripheral portion of the watch case)
- the temperature change of the outside air can be reliably transmitted to the medium accommodating portion. It is possible to make the temperature of the media storage unit follow changes in the outside air temperature without being hindered by the constant thermal environment of the body and clothes. Energy can be extracted with high efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a thermal energy conversion device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the thermal energy conversion device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a structure of a modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view (a) to (c) showing a modification of the main part of the thermal energy conversion device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of a barrel car used in each embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an electrical structure of Application Example 1 using each embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an electrical structure of Application Example 2 using each embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view showing an internal structure arrangement of Application Example 3 using each embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view showing an internal structure arrangement of Application Example 4 using each embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing an internal structure arrangement of Application Example 5 using each embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an internal structure arrangement of Application Example 6 using each embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view showing the internal structure arrangement of Application Example 7 using each embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic sectional view showing the internal structure of Application Example 8 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the internal planar structure of Application Example 8.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic sectional view showing the internal structure of application example 9 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the internal planar structure of application example 9.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic flowchart showing the configuration of an embodiment (third embodiment) of the method for converting heat energy according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic flowchart showing the configuration of an embodiment (fourth embodiment) of the method for converting heat energy according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a thermal energy conversion device according to the present invention.
- the medium accommodating section 10 and the variable section 11 are heat converters each having a closed container structure capable of accommodating and sealing a heat medium therein.
- the operation unit is operated by extracting heat energy from the temperature change using the converter, and the energy is extracted from the operation unit through a transmission unit that transmits energy and a conversion unit that performs energy conversion.
- the medium accommodating portion 10 is basically made of a rigid body such as a metal described later so that the volume does not substantially change even when the pressure of the heat medium accommodated therein is changed. It is configured to be deformable according to the pressure of. Therefore, the pressure fluctuation of the heat medium stored in the medium storage unit 10 changes the volume and shape of the fluctuation unit 11 connected to the medium storage unit 10.
- the medium accommodating portion 10 is formed in an extended pipe shape, and is arranged in a spiral shape.
- the end of the medium storage unit 10 is closed, and the base end is connected to the movable unit 11 configured to be extendable.
- the movable portion 11 is formed of a bellows-shaped tubular container, and is formed of a highly elastic material such as rubber, plastic, and thin metal. Further, the variable portion 11 is configured to be more easily deformed in the longitudinal direction (axial direction) than in the radial direction. As described above, the fluctuating portion is generally more easily deformed in a predetermined direction than in other directions. It is preferable to have a well-formed highly elastic container structure.
- the fluctuation unit 11 is housed inside the cylinder 12.
- a piston 13 is movably disposed in the cylinder 12, and a fluctuation portion 11 abuts on one side of the piston 13.
- an elastic member 14 made of a coil panel or the like is accommodated, and the piston 13 is pressed against the moving part 11.
- the piston 13 has a drive shaft 13a protruding outside the cylinder 12, and the drive shaft 13a is provided with a rotation lever rotatably mounted around the rotation shaft 15a. It is rotatably connected to the driven end 15 b of 15.
- the rotating lever 15 has a driving end 15c on the opposite side of the driven end 15b, and the driving end 15c has an elongated hole 15d formed therein.
- the rotation lever 15 is rotatably connected to the drive lever 16 through a connection shaft 16 a provided at an end of the drive lever 16.
- the drive lever 16 is guided by a bearing 17 so as to move linearly in the axial direction.
- An elastic member 18 such as a coil panel in a compressed state is in contact with an end 16 b of the drive lever 16, and the drive lever 16 is pressed against the connecting shaft 16 a by the elastic member 18.
- the end 16b may be engaged with an elastic member such as a pull panel, and the elastic member may draw the drive lever 16 toward the end 16b.
- a rack 16 c extending in the axial direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the drive lever 16.
- the rack 16 c is engaged with a driven gear 21 a mounted on a barrel car 21 containing the mainspring. ing.
- the driven gear 21a is rotatably supported on a shaft member 21b of the barrel wheel 21, and a shaft gear formed on a part of the shaft member 21b.
- a ratchet pawl 21 d fixed to the driven gear 21 a is engaged with 21 c.
- the ratchet pawl 21 d engages with the shaft gear 21 c when the driven gear 21 a rotates clockwise in FIG. 1, but the driven gear 21 a rotates counterclockwise in FIG. It is configured not to engage with the shaft gear 21c when rotating.
- the clockwise rotational movement of the driven gear 21a is transmitted to the shaft gear 21c, but the rotation of the driven gear 2la is The rotational movement around the clock is not transmitted to the shaft gear 21c.
- the shaft member 21b is rotatably mounted on the upper case 21e.
- An output gear 21 f is rotatably mounted on 21 b and the upper case 21 e.
- the spring 21 g has an inner end attached to the shaft member 21 b and an outer end attached to the output gear 21 f.
- the mainspring 21g is wound up.
- the mainspring 21 g is a means for storing rotational energy as natural strain, and the barrel wheel 21 is configured as a first conversion storage unit that converts and stores kinetic energy of the drive lever 16.
- the output gear 21 f rotates by the elastic force of the mainspring 21 g.
- the rotation transmitted to the barrel wheel 21 winds up the zener 21 g and rotates the output gear 21 f.
- the rotational movement of the output gear 21 f is accelerated through a plurality of gears 22, 23, 24 constituting a transmission train, and rotates the rotor 31 of the generator 30.
- the generator 30 includes a rotor 31, a stay 32, and an electromagnetic coil 33, and the rotation of the rotor 31 generates an electromotive force in the electromagnetic coil 33.
- a heat medium is sealed in the medium accommodating portion 10 so that a liquid phase and a gas phase are mixed (coexist) at room temperature.
- the heat medium it is possible to use various substances that can cause a volume change due to a temperature change, but it is generally preferable to use a substance that is a gas or a liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure, such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, Ethyl chloride and the like are preferred. It is also possible to use oxygen, nitrogen, air, etc., but it is necessary to enclose the medium in the heat converter at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure to obtain a sufficient volume change. In addition, it is necessary to configure the heat converter composed of the variable portion 11 with a material having sufficient pressure resistance to withstand high pressure.
- the internal pressure fluctuates and the fluctuating section 11 is deformed.
- the rotating lever 15 and the drive lever 16 operate.
- the operation of the drive lever 16 is temporarily stored in the barrel car 21 as elastic strain.
- the rotational output of the output gear 21 f caused by the elastic energy stored in the barrel car 21 increases in speed. And converted into electrical energy by the generator 30.
- the temperature change is irregular, so that the operation of the drive lever 16 is also irregular, but the mainspring 21 g has the accumulated elastic strain. It has a characteristic that it is relatively insensitive to the amount and can continuously output a rotating force with little fluctuation, so the generator 30's rotor 31 is driven in a state with relatively little rotation speed fluctuation. Therefore, the power generation efficiency can be increased as compared with the case where the mouth 31 is directly driven to rotate by the drive lever 16.
- the heat conversion body is divided into the medium accommodating section 10 and the variable section 11 so that only the variable section 11 causes a volume change due to the pressure fluctuation of the heat medium in the medium accommodating section 10. It is configured.
- the entire container (heat converter) for accommodating the heat medium described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-31441 / 71 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-142658, (The ratio of the volume of the variable section 11 to the total volume of the heat conversion element is 1.) Since the volume ratio of the variable portion 11 to the total volume of the variable portion 11 can be made smaller (from 1), the variation amount or the variable stroke of the variable portion 11 due to the pressure variation can be increased.
- the thermal responsiveness can be improved more than before, so that even if the ambient temperature suddenly changes and then returns to the original temperature, the fluctuation section 11 responds and energy can be extracted by its deformation.
- the thermal sensitivity can be increased more than before, even if the ambient temperature changes only slightly, it becomes possible to extract the energy by increasing the amount of deformation of the fluctuating portion.
- the deformation of the fluctuating part is temporarily suppressed, and the amount of temperature change increases to a certain degree.
- the volume of the medium accommodating section 10 is set so as to be larger than the reference volume of the variable section 11 (a substantially middle volume value of the practical volume fluctuation range of the variable section 11). That is, the ratio of the volume of the medium storage unit 10 to the reference volume of the fluctuation unit 11 is 1 or more, preferably 2 or more. This makes it possible to effectively increase the amount of deformation of the variable portion 11.
- the content volume of the medium storage unit 10 is configured to be 10 times or more the reference volume of the fluctuation unit 11.
- the medium accommodating portion 10 is formed in an extended shape (pipe-like or tubular), the surface area of the medium accommodating portion 10 can be easily increased, and the efficiency can be improved more efficiently than the surroundings. Heat can go in and out.
- the extended container is bent
- the medium accommodating portion 10 By arranging them in a (wound state), they can be compactly stored inside various devices. Further, by configuring the medium accommodating portion 10 to be bent into an arbitrary shape using, for example, a flexible material or the like, the medium accommodating portion 10 can be easily accommodated in various devices. Further, by forming the medium storage portion 10 in a pipe shape (tubular shape) as in the present embodiment, the pressure resistance against the internal pressure can be increased, so that the selection range of the material forming the medium storage portion 10 is limited. As it expands, it can be operated with a higher-pressure heat medium stored inside, so that energy can be extracted more efficiently.
- a pipe shape tubular shape
- the medium accommodating section 40 is formed in a cubic shape.
- the medium accommodating section 40 is connected to the same variable section 41 as in the first embodiment, and the cylinder 42, the biston 43, and the elastic member 44 are also configured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the drive shaft 43 a of the button 43 is connected to the drive lever 46 via a pin 45.
- the drive lever 46 has a connecting end 46 a connected to the pin 45, a pressing end 46 b pressed by an elastic member 48 similar to the first embodiment, and a rack 46 c. Are formed.
- the drive lever 46 is guided by a bearing 47 so as to be able to reciprocate in the axial direction.
- the rack 46 c of the drive lever 46 is engaged with the first gear 51, and the first gear 51 accelerates the operation of the drive lever 46.
- the first gear body 51 is engaged with the driven gear 52 a of the barrel wheel 52.
- the barrel car 52 has the same structure as the barrel car 21 of the first embodiment.
- the rotation of the output gear of barrel box 52 is further increased through [1 body 53, 54, 55, 56] to rotate generator 61 of generator 60.
- the generator 60 includes a mouth 61, a stay 62, and an electromagnetic coil 63, as in the first embodiment.
- the medium accommodating portion 40 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and accommodates the same heat medium as in the first embodiment.
- the medium accommodating section 40 is configured to have a volume 10 times or more the reference volume of the variable section 41. Therefore, similarly to the first embodiment, when the pressure of the heat medium accommodated in the medium accommodating section 40 fluctuates due to a change in the ambient temperature and the volume of the heat medium starts to increase, the fluctuating section 4 correspondingly changes.
- the volume of 1 also changes greatly, the drive lever 46 moves in the axial direction, and its kinetic energy is temporarily stored in the mainspring in the barrel 52.
- the energy stored in the mainspring drives the rotor 61 to rotate, and the generator 60 generates power.
- the rotation is transmitted to the barrel barrel only during one of the reciprocating motions of the drive lever.
- the drive lever is reciprocated in any direction during the reciprocating motion. It is possible to configure to transmit the rotation in such a manner that energy can be stored by known means.
- the material of the medium accommodating portions 10 and 40 in each of the above embodiments it is preferable to use a material having high thermal conductivity such as an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy.
- a material having high thermal conductivity such as an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy.
- a metal material it becomes easy to secure the pressure resistance required for sealing the heat medium.
- FIG. 3 shows a structure of a modification of the second embodiment.
- a large number (plurality) of convex portions 4a are formed on the surface of the medium accommodating portion 40.
- the convex portion 40a may be formed by partially forming the outer wall of the medium accommodating portion 40, but is configured such that the outer wall of the medium accommodating portion 40 is knocked out from the inside. That is, it is more preferable that a convex space is provided at the outer edge of the heat medium accommodating space itself of the medium accommodating portion 40.
- the convex portions 40a of this embodiment are formed on all six surfaces of the medium accommodating portion 40 formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, they may be formed on only a part of the surfaces.
- the surface area of the medium container 40 is larger than that of the second embodiment by forming the convex portion 40a on the surface of the medium container 40, and as a result, Since heat exchange between the heat medium in the medium accommodating section 40 and the outside is promoted, the utilization efficiency and thermal responsiveness of the heat energy can be improved, and the energy extraction efficiency can be improved.
- the structure for promoting heat exchange formed on the surface of the medium accommodating portion 40 may have a large number of concave portions instead of the above convex portions. Further, both the convex portion and the concave portion may be provided as the above structure.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows a modification (modification 2) of the heat converter of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the medium accommodating portion 110 is a pipe-shaped (tubular) member.
- the medium accommodating section 110 may have a structure in which a plurality of ring-shaped pipe sections are provided and stacked, and the inside of each pipe section is partially connected to each other, or a long pipe-shaped section is spirally formed. The shape may be stacked as shown in the figure by winding up.
- the variable section 111 protrudes from a part of the medium accommodating section 110.
- the moving portion 111 has a bellows-like structure that can be extended and contracted in the protruding direction, as in the first embodiment.
- the medium storage unit 110 can be arranged so as to circulate along the inner surface of the case body as described later, so that the ambient temperature can be reduced without hindering the miniaturization of the device. It is possible to efficiently take in the heat medium in 110.
- FIG. 4 (b) is a modification (modification 3) of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped medium accommodating section 120.
- FIG. Media storage unit 1 2 From the side surface of 0, a stretchable variable portion 121 similar to that described above is formed so as to protrude.
- the medium accommodating portion 120 has a plurality of penetrating portions 120a having openings on two opposing surfaces (the upper surface and the lower surface in the drawing).
- the penetrating portion 120a is provided so that a cylindrical inner wall is inserted into the inside of the medium accommodating portion 120, and the inner wall is formed so as to secure the hermeticity of the medium accommodating portion 120. It is configured by a method such as fixing it to a weld by welding or the like.
- the surface area of the medium containing portion 120 can be increased, and in particular, the center of the medium containing portion 120 where heat exchange with the outside is reduced. Because the ambient temperature can be easily transmitted to the part through the through-hole 120a, the thermal responsiveness to the temperature change of the medium accommodating part 120 can be improved. Even the change can sufficiently deform the variable portion 122.
- FIG. 4 (c) shows still another modification (modification 4) of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the substantially rectangular parallelepiped medium accommodating section 130 has fins 130a formed in a pleated shape on its outer surface (four circumferentially adjacent surfaces, ie, upper surface, lower surface, and two side surfaces in the figure). Many are formed.
- the fins 130a are for forming the outer surface in an uneven shape, and can increase the surface area of the medium accommodating section 130, so that the responsiveness to a temperature change can be improved. It is possible to sufficiently deform the fluctuating section 13 1 even with a moderate temperature change.
- the kinetic energy of the operating unit which operates by deformation of the variable unit, is temporarily stored by the mainspring, and the generator is operated by the output of the mainspring to generate power. It is configured to extract electrical energy by Such a configuration is capable of generating irregular and large temporal fluctuations of kinetic energy caused by temperature changes without being greatly influenced by the amount of energy, such as the magnitude of the kinetic stroke and the magnitude of the kinetic velocity. This is to ensure that the mainspring captures the energy and sends the energy stored in the mainspring in a state that matches the power generation characteristics of the generator as much as possible.
- the medium accommodating section is provided to increase the amount of deformation of the variable section as in the present invention
- the operation unit can be operated by efficiently capturing the change. Therefore, it is extremely effective to temporarily capture the rapidly fluctuating kinetic energy, output it, and convert it again as described above, which is extremely effective and plays a significant role in increasing the energy extraction efficiency.
- a great effect can be obtained by controlling the amount of energy sent from the mainspring to the generator.
- a generator 30 having a rotor 31 which is rotationally driven by rotational motion transmitted from a barrel box 21 via gears 22, 23, 24 is used for power control.
- the power is output to the unit 70.
- the power control unit 70 includes a power consuming unit 71 connected in parallel to the output terminal of the generator 30 so as to keep the generation load substantially constant, and rectifies the AC output from the generator 30.
- the auxiliary capacitor 75 are connected in parallel.
- the output of the auxiliary capacitor 75 is connected to an operating part (energy consuming part) 80 including a clock control circuit and a step mode (for a clock).
- the auxiliary capacitor 75 is for stabilizing the electric power supplied to the operating portion 80.
- the mainspring is a panel wound in a spiral shape, energy is accumulated by being wound up, and the accumulated energy is output by unwinding the panel. Therefore, when a predetermined load (torque) is applied to the output side of the mainspring, it becomes possible to output energy corresponding to the load for a long time. On the other hand, when no load is applied to the output side of the mainspring, the panel is rapidly unraveled and the stored energy is quickly dissipated. I will. Therefore, in this application example, when the power consumption of the operating portion 8 ° is small, the power consumption portion 71 appropriately consumes the power output from the generator 30 to adjust the rotational resistance of the rotor 31.
- the rotation of the rotor 31 of the generator 30 is configured to be stopped by the mechanical brake 76.
- the brake 76 can be configured using an electrically operated actuator such as a bimorph. This brake 76 can be configured to operate with the power stored in the smoothing capacitor 73 or the auxiliary capacitor 75. The brake 76 releases the rotor 31 when no power is stored in the smoothing capacitor 73 or the auxiliary capacitor 75 or when the amount of power is equal to or less than a predetermined amount. It is configured not to apply.
- the step-up / step-down circuit 74 controls the output current to be high even when the output voltage of the generator 30 driven by the rotational driving force of the mainspring is low. Electricity is obtained. For example, when the output torque of the mainspring is sufficient, the voltage on the generator 30 side is reduced, and the buck-boost circuit 74 And supply it to the working part 80. On the other hand, when the output torque of the mainspring decreases, the output current of the generator 30 also decreases in the above state, so that the step-up / step-down circuit 74 stops the boosting action and the generator 30 is higher than the generator 30. Make sure that a low output current is obtained at the output voltage. As a result, a predetermined output voltage and current can be obtained even in a state where the output torque has decreased due to the unwinding of the mainspring, and the operating time of the operating section 80 can be further extended.
- the electromagnetic brake of the generator 30 has a characteristic that is approximately proportional to the output current, and the release speed (speed of unwinding) of the mainspring can be controlled by this characteristic.
- the output torque of the mainspring is large, the output voltage is reduced, and by increasing the output current, the electromagnetic brake of the generator 30 is increased.
- the output torque of the mainspring is small, the output voltage is increased and the output current is reduced.
- the above-described control is performed by temporarily storing the kinetic energy of the drive lever in the mainspring in the barrel car 21 and smoothing the kinetic energy transmission with time, that is, the transmitted energy.
- This is one mode in which the fluctuation of the amount is transmitted to the generator 30 in a manner that the fluctuation is reduced.
- the operation of the generator 30 and its output side may be used to control the speed at which energy is sent from the mainspring, which is the first conversion storage unit, to the generator 30, which is the second conversion storage unit.
- the flow of energy to the second conversion storage unit can also be smoothed.
- the power controller (7 ⁇ ) controls the amount of power to be supplied (the amount of power generated by the generator 30) according to the power consumption state of the operating part 80, but without such control.
- Storage batteries composed of secondary batteries such as large-capacity capacitors and chemical batteries
- the power generation means may be configured to store the generated power.
- the hands are rotationally driven by a rotation transmitting unit such as a gear body 22, 23, 24 that is rotationally driven by a mainspring in the barrel car 21 of each of the above embodiments
- the hand movement speed of the hands 1 is a configuration example of an electronically controlled mechanical timepiece configured to control the degree by an electromagnetic brake of a generator 30.
- the deviation of the first embodiment and the second embodiment may be applied.
- the rotation is taken out from an appropriate part in the transmission wheel train composed of the gear bodies 22, 23, and 24 for transmitting the rotation from the mainspring to the generator 30.
- the hands (hour hand, minute hand, second hand, etc.) provided on the are driven to rotate.
- the output of the generator 30 is supplied to the power control unit 90.
- the power control unit 90 includes a variable load circuit 91 that variably configures a load such as a resistance between output terminals of the electromagnetic coil 33, a rectifier circuit 92 that rectifies an alternating current output from the generator 30, A secondary battery 93 composed of a large-capacity capacitor or a storage battery for storing power output from the rectifier circuit 92; a clock control circuit 94 operated by power output from the secondary battery 93; A load control circuit that detects the cycle of the AC output generated from the machine 30 and controls the load of the variable load circuit 91 based on a control command given from the clock control circuit 94 in a state corresponding to the cycle. 9 and 5.
- the alternating current output from the generator 30 is converted into a direct current by the rectifier circuit 92 and stored in the secondary battery 93, and the clock control circuit 94 operates by the output of the secondary battery 93.
- the clock control circuit 9 has a built-in clock signal generating means such as a crystal oscillator. Based on the clock signal generated by the clock signal generating means, a control command to be sent to the load control circuit 95 (period corresponding to the hand movement speed of the clock) ).
- the load control circuit 95 detects the cycle of the AC output generated by the electromotive force of the electromagnetic coil 33 of the generator 30, and compares this detection cycle with the above control command received from the clock control circuit 94.
- variable load circuit 91 is adjusted based on this control signal. Since the generated load is formed, the generator 30 generates electric power according to the output side load.
- the clock control circuit 94 and the load control circuit 95 control the variable load circuit 91 so that the cycle of the AC output of the generator 30 is constant.
- FIG. 8 Next, a structural application example of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 16.
- FIG. 8
- FIG. 8 shows a structure of application example 3, and application example 3 is an example of a structure when the present invention is applied to a wristwatch 200 which is a specific example of various devices.
- the wristwatch 200 has an outer case (body) 201, and a translucent member such as a window glass is provided on the surface side (upper side in the figure) of the outer case 201. 2 are installed.
- a movement 203 is accommodated in the exterior case 201, and an opening of the exterior case 201 is closed by a back cover 204 attached to the back surface side.
- a time display part 203a including a pointer part and a liquid crystal display part is formed on the front side of the movement 203.
- a pipe-shaped (tubular) medium storage portion 210 as shown in the first embodiment and the modified example 2 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the movement 203 in a ring shape (ring shape). ).
- the medium accommodating portion 210 is wound around two rounds inside and outside and has a shape that is stacked up and down four rounds. Further, the medium accommodating section 210 is arranged so as to be in close contact with the inner surface of the outer case 201.
- the medium accommodating section 210 may be configured by appropriately changing the number of revolutions, the number of revolutions, and the like according to the shape of the accommodation space of the outer case 201, the shape of the movement 203, and the like.
- the medium accommodating section 210 is connected to an operating section 220 arranged below the movement 203.
- the operation section 220 has been described in the above embodiments.
- the moving part and the operating part (constituted by the piston, the rotating lever, the driving lever, etc.) are housed.
- the operation part in the operation part 220 is engaged with a transmission part such as a gear body or a driven gear of a barrel box housed in the manipulation part 203. Therefore, the changing part in the operating part 220 is deformed by the change of the ambient temperature, and when the operating part is operated by this deformation, the motion is transmitted to the transmitting part in the movement 203. I have.
- the pipe-shaped medium accommodating portion 210 is interposed between the movement 203 and the outer case 201, and is in close contact with the inner surface of the outer case 201, The pressure of the heat medium sealed inside the medium accommodating portion 210 fluctuates according to the temperature change of the outer case 201, and the fluctuation portion deforms the moving portion to operate the operating portion. .
- the medium accommodating portion 210 is arranged along the outer periphery of the movement 203, the configuration can be made with almost no increase in the outer dimensions of the outer case 201, so that the timepiece can be made compact. And it can be made thin.
- the plane shape of the medium storage portion 210 can be appropriately configured according to the plane shape of the outer case 201, and may be formed in a rectangular frame shape in addition to the annular shape as described above. Good.
- a disk-shaped medium accommodating portion 211 is arranged so as to be in close contact with the inner surface of the back cover 204. Further, an operating section 221 is disposed between the medium storage section 211 and the movement 203. The medium accommodating section 211 communicates with the same variable section accommodated in the operating section 221 as in the above embodiments. The operating part 221 also houses an operating part connected to the moving part, and this operating part is connected to a transmission part in the movement 203 or the like.
- the medium accommodating section 211 adheres closely to the back cover 204, and Since it is formed in the shape of a torn disk, the contact area in contact with the back cover 204 can be increased, so that it responds quickly to temperature changes in the back cover 204 and captures minute temperature changes. To extract energy.
- the plane shape of the medium storage section 211 is not limited to a circle, but may be appropriately (for example, rectangular) according to the plane shape of the outer case 201 and the back cover 204. '[Application 5]
- a disk-shaped medium accommodating portion 212 similar to the application example 4 is arranged in close contact with the back cover 205.
- the medium storage unit 2 12 communicates with the variable unit in the operating unit 2 22, and the operating unit is stored in the operating unit 2 22 together with the variable unit.
- the back cover 205 and the medium storage section 212 are in close contact with each other, but the contact surface between the back cover 205 and the medium storage section 212 is also uneven. The contact surfaces are formed so as to fit each other.
- the contact area between the medium storage unit 212 and the back cover 205 increases, so that the temperature change of the back cover 205 can be more sensitively sensed.
- the outer surface of the medium accommodating portion 212 not only the outer surface of the medium accommodating portion 212 but also the inner surface of the medium accommodating portion 212 is formed to have an irregular shape reflecting the outer surface shape. This is preferable in that heat can easily be transferred to the heat medium in 2 12.
- the plane shape of the medium storage section 212 is not limited to a circular shape, and may be appropriately (for example, rectangular) according to the plane shape of the outer case 201 and the back cover 205.
- a disc-shaped medium accommodating portion 2 13 is arranged so as to be in close contact with the inner surface of the back cover 206.
- a large number of recesses 2 13 a are formed on the surface of the medium storage unit 2 13 facing the back cover 206, and these recesses 2 13 a are formed on the inner surface of the back cover 206.
- a large number of the projected portions 206a are fitted.
- an operating part 223 is arranged between the medium storage part 213 and the movement 203. Have been.
- the medium accommodating section 213 communicates with the same variable section accommodated in the operating section 223 as in each of the above embodiments.
- the operating part 223 also contains an operating part connected to the moving part, and this operating part is connected to a transmission part or the like in the movement 203.
- the medium accommodation part 2 1 3 is in close contact with the back cover 206, is formed in a disk shape along the back cover 206, and has a concave portion 2 1 3 a of the medium storage section 2 1 3 and the back cover 2.
- the contact area in contact with the back cover 206 can be increased, so that it quickly responds to a temperature change of the back cover 206.
- energy can be extracted by capturing even small temperature changes.
- the outer surface of the medium accommodating portion 2 13 but also the inner surface of the medium accommodating portion 2 13 is formed to have an irregular shape reflecting the outer surface shape. This is preferable in that heat can easily be transferred to the heat medium in (13).
- the plane shape of the medium accommodating portion 2 13 is not limited to a circular shape, and can be appropriately formed (for example, into a rectangular shape) according to the planar shape of the outer case 201 or the back cover 206.
- a disk-shaped medium storage portion 214 is arranged between the back cover 207 and the movement 203.
- the medium storage section 214 is in close contact with the back cover 207.
- the medium accommodating section 214 is connected to an operating section 224 arranged between the movement 203 and the medium accommodating section 214 in the same manner as in the above-described application examples.
- a penetrating portion 214a similar to that shown in FIG. 4 (b) is formed in the medium accommodating portion 214, and the back cover 2a is formed in the penetrating portion 214a.
- the projecting portion 207a protruding from the inner surface of 07 is fitted. Therefore, it is possible to further increase the contact area between the medium housing portion 21 and the back cover 207, and more efficiently to the heat medium in the medium housing portion 214. Since it becomes possible to transmit the temperature of 7, the temperature change of the back cover 207 can be more sensitively detected.
- the plane shape of the medium storage section 214 is not limited to a circle, but can be appropriately (for example, rectangular) depending on the plane shape of the outer case 201 and the back cover 207. You.
- the wristwatch 300 of the application example 8 includes an exterior case 301, a light-transmitting member 302, a movement 303, and a back cover 304, similarly to the above-described application examples 3 to 7.
- a medium accommodating space 301a is formed inside an outer case 301 that is formed in a ring shape as a whole, and the outer case 301 itself is configured as a medium accommodating portion.
- the same heat medium 310 as described above is housed in the medium storage space 310a, and the heat medium 310 is sealed by attaching the back cover 304 to the outer case 301. I have.
- An outer peripheral portion of the outer case 301 is provided with a surface uneven structure 30 lb formed in a vertical direction in the figure by forming a plurality of annular grooves.
- the medium accommodating space 301 a communicates with the inside of the fluctuation portion 311 extending in an arc shape along the inside of the outer case 301.
- the moving portion 311 is configured to be able to expand and contract in its extension direction, and has, for example, a bellows structure as shown in the figure.
- the base of the drive arm 312 is connected to the distal end of the movable portion 3111, and the drive arm 3112 also has a shape that extends in an arc along the inside of the outer case 301. I have.
- the distal end of the drive arm 312 is slidably inserted into a cylinder 313 extending in an arc shape along the inside of the outer case 301.
- an elastic member 3 14 made of a coil panel or the like that exerts an elastic force in a direction in which the drive arm 3 12 is moved out of the cylinder 3 13 is housed.
- a rack 3 12 a is formed on the inner side surface of the drive arm 3 12.
- Movement 303 is provided with a gear 3003a that mates with rack 312a of drive arm 312, and this gear 3003a mates with gear 303b and gear 30b.
- 3b is associated with barrel box 303c.
- the gears 303a and 303b constitute a transmission train for transmitting the arc-shaped movement of the drive arm 312 into the movement 303 in the form of a rotational movement.
- the rotating energy transmitted by the gears 303 a and 303 b is accumulated in the mainspring in the barrel wheel 303 c.
- the outer wall portion 30lc on the outer periphery where the above-mentioned surface unevenness structure 301b is formed is made of a material having higher thermal conductivity over the entire periphery than other portions.
- Other materials of the outer case 301 include stainless steel, evening stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium, and titanium alloy.
- the material of the outer wall portion 301c has a higher thermal conductivity than the above materials, for example, gold, silver, copper, aluminum or aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, beryllium alloy and the like.
- the thermal conductivity of the outer wall 301 c is 55 W ⁇ m— 1 ⁇ , so that the thermal conductivity is higher than that of iron, stainless steel, and various resins generally used for the outer case.
- the outer case 301 of the present embodiment has the outer wall portion 301c having better thermal conductivity than the other portions formed in an annular shape as described above.
- a plurality of portions having good thermal conductivity may be fitted to the outer wall of the outer case 301 so as to be arranged in the circumferential direction. That is, the outer wall portion 301c may be provided continuously on the outer periphery of the outer case 301 or may be provided in plural discretely.
- the back cover 304 is made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity (lower thermal conductivity) than any of the outer wall portion 301c of the outer case 301 and the other portions.
- the back cover 304 may be made of, for example, various resin materials such as acrylic, polyethylene, and polystyrene, or hardened various fiber materials such as glass, ceramics, glass fiber, cotton, wool, synthetic fiber, and paper fiber. , Gypsum board and brick material. Alternatively, a cavity or a groove may be formed in a part of the case body, and these may be used as a heat insulating layer. Further, the back cover 304 may be connected to the outer case 301 or the medium accommodating space 301a via an appropriate heat insulating layer as described above.
- the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation layer should be 10 W ⁇ m- 1 ⁇ K- 1 or less in order to lower the thermal conductivity compared to stainless steel generally used for the outer case.
- mullite porcelain or steerite porcelain which is a refractory material, it is desirably 3 W ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ K ⁇ 1 or less.
- the moving part 311 and the drive arm 3112 constituting the operating part are arranged along the inside of the outer case 301, and are deformed and operated along the inside of the outer case 301. Since the moving part and the operating part can be accommodated in a compact, the space efficiency is improved and the whole device can be downsized. Such a structure is particularly significant in portable devices such as watches and mobile phones.
- the entire case is made compact because the moving part and the moving part are housed in the space between the outer case 301 and the movement 303 in particular.
- the shapes of the moving portion and the operating portion are also circular. It is configured in a shape that extends in an arc shape, and is configured to deform and operate in the direction in which the shape extends. Therefore, each of these structural parts can be compacted to improve the space efficiency in the outer case.
- the wristwatch 400 of Application Example 9 includes an outer case 401, a light-transmitting member 402, and a movement 403, similarly to Application Example 8 described above.
- the outer case 401 is a part corresponding to the back cover (the part corresponding to the part where the back cover 304 is attached in the application example 8). It has an integrated one-beads structure.
- the outer case 401 is fixed to the upper member 401A having an outer peripheral upper surface and an accommodation recess for accommodating the translucent member 402 and the movement 4003, and is fixed to the upper member 401A.
- lower member 410 B having higher thermal conductivity than upper member 401 A.
- the upper member 401A is made of the same material as the other part of the outer case 301 shown in the above application example 8, and the lower member 401B is the outer wall portion 310c of the outer case shown in the application example 8. It is composed of the same material as.
- a medium accommodating space 410 a is formed between the upper member 410 A and the lower member 410 B, and the same heat medium 4 110 as described above is provided inside the medium accommodating space 401 a. Is sealed.
- the medium accommodating space 401 a is configured so as to be present also inside a portion corresponding to the back cover of the one-piece type outer case 401.
- a plurality of annular grooves similar to those of Application Example 8 are formed on the outer peripheral end surface of the lower member 410B constituting the outer case 401 in an upward and downward direction to form a surface uneven structure 401b. I have.
- the medium housing section 401 a of the outer case 401 communicates with the inside of the movable section 411.
- the variation unit 4111 has a bellows structure that is configured to be extendable and contractible in the extension direction, similarly to the above embodiments.
- the tip of the movable part 4 11 1 is connected to the drive arm 4 1 2, and the drive arm 4 1 2 slides in the cylinder 4 0 1 c provided inside the outer case 4 0 1. It is freely inserted and is urged in a direction to be pushed out of the cylinder portion 401c by an elastic member 414 such as a coil panel housed in a deep portion of the cylinder portion 401c.
- a rack 4 12 a is formed on the side surface of the drive arm 4 12.
- This lake 4 1 2a is coupled to the gear 4 0 3a provided in the movement 4 0 3
- the gear 4 0 3 a is coupled to the gear 4 0 3 b
- the gear 4 0 3 b is a barrel car 4 0 3 c It is compatible with Rotational energy transmitted by the transmission wheel train composed of these gears 40 3 a and 40 3 b is accumulated in a mainspring in a barrel box 400 c.
- the outer case 401 has a rectangular outer edge shape in a plan view, and the movable portion 411 and the drive arm 412 corresponding to the operating portion have the outer edge shape of the outer case 411. It has a shape that extends linearly along almost the same direction, and is deformed and operated linearly in the direction of extension.
- the variable section and the operating section can be formed in an optimal shape in accordance with the device structure, and can be configured to have optimal deformation directions and operation directions.
- the heat exchange between the outer wall portion and the back cover equivalent portion of the outer case 410 and the heat medium 410 is performed smoothly. Therefore, when the wristwatch 400 is worn on an arm or the like, the body temperature can be easily transmitted to the heat medium 410 through a portion corresponding to the back cover, and the surface irregularity structure of the outer wall of the outer periphery can be improved. It is configured so that the outside air temperature can be transmitted to the heat medium 410 via the 0 1 b. On the other hand, when the arm is removed from the arm, the outside air temperature can be efficiently transmitted to the heat medium 410 from both the outer wall portion on the outer periphery and the portion corresponding to the back cover. Therefore, when the wristwatch 400 is worn on or removed from the wrist, the temperature of the heat medium 410 changes rapidly and energy can be taken in, and the uneven surface structure of the outer wall Through 401b, it is possible to take in energy even from changes in outside temperature.
- the present embodiment shows a method that can be implemented using the wristwatch 300 of Application Example 8 described above.
- a heat converter provided with a medium accommodating portion for accommodating a heat medium provided in each embodiment of the above thermal energy conversion device, and a fluctuating portion having an interior communicating with the inside of the medium accommodating portion is provided.
- the heat converter is provided with an appropriate operation unit and a conversion storage unit. Things.
- step S1 the medium accommodating portion is brought into thermal contact with the first heat source.
- the temperature of the heat medium in the medium accommodating section changes due to the temperature fluctuation in the first heat source in step S2, and in step S3, the temperature of the fluctuating section caused by the volume change of the heat medium is changed. Volume change (deformation) occurs.
- the operation unit operates as shown in step S4 due to the deformation of the fluctuation unit, and the kinetic energy is converted into an appropriate energy form and stored in the conversion storage unit as shown in step S5.
- outside air is used as the first heat source as shown in Application Example 8.
- the outside air fluctuates with time, and the temperature rises and falls repeatedly in a daily cycle.
- the advantage of using outside air as the first heat source is that thermal contact can be established simply by exposing the medium storage unit or the case body that covers it to the outside air. There is no need to prepare for thermal contact.
- the medium accommodating portion may be placed close to or contact with another second heat source together with the first heat source due to the structural arrangement.
- the outer case is in contact with the outside air, but at the same time, the back cover is in contact with the arm as the second heat source. Since the arm is a heat source that is maintained at a substantially constant temperature by body temperature, a thermal contact of the medium container with the arm will prevent a change in the temperature of the heat medium. Therefore, when the medium housing portion is close to or in contact with the second heat source having a smaller temperature fluctuation than the first heat source, the back cover is made to have low thermal conductivity as in Application Example 8. It is preferable to appropriately insulate the second heat source and the medium accommodating portion as shown in step S6, such as by forming the material, so as to reduce the degree to which the second heat source hinders the temperature change of the heat medium.
- step S1 a state in which the medium accommodating section is in thermal contact with the first heat source, and a second heat source having a different temperature from the first heat source Steps in thermal contact with
- the transition of the medium accommodating section between the two states shown in S2 causes a change in the temperature of the heat medium in the medium accommodating section. For example, by making a transition from a state in which the medium accommodating section is in thermal contact with the first heat source (step S 1) to a state in which it is in thermal contact with the second heat source (step S 2), As shown in step S3, the temperature of the heat medium changes.
- step S3 due to the volume change of the heat medium, a deformation accompanying the volume change occurs in the deformed portion as shown in step S3, and the kinetic energy generated by this deformation is generated as shown in step S4. It is appropriately converted and stored as shown in step S5.
- this embodiment includes a state in which the heat medium in the medium storage unit is heated at body temperature by attaching or detaching the wristwatch of Application Example 9 from the arm, and a state in which the watch is cooled by outside air. It is conceivable to make a transition between.
- the medium accommodating section when the medium accommodating section is in thermal contact with the first heat source (for example, the arm), it may be simultaneously in thermal contact with the second heat source (for example, outside air).
- the first heat source for example, the arm
- the second heat source for example, outside air
- energy may be extracted by combining the fourth embodiment with the third embodiment. That is, in the fourth embodiment, when at least one of the first heat source and the second heat source is a heat source having a temperature fluctuation sufficient to extract energy, the medium housing unit is During thermal contact, energy can also be extracted from the temperature change of the heat medium caused by the temperature change of the heat source.
- the heat energy conversion device, the device including the same, and the heat energy conversion method according to the present invention are not limited to the devices and the implementation modes in the above-described illustrated examples.
- the present invention can be applied to various electronic devices including portable electronic devices such as calculators, portable audio devices, mobile phones, information terminals, and personal computers, toys and toys (electronic toys).
- portable electronic devices such as calculators, portable audio devices, mobile phones, information terminals, and personal computers, toys and toys (electronic toys).
- toys and toys electronic toys
- the present invention it is extremely slow Slight temperature changes or sudden temperature changes that occur when the device goes out of the room and returns to the room again, or when the device is once in close contact with the skin and then removed and brought back into contact with the skin, etc. Since the moving part can be sensitively and quickly deformed and taken out as the kinetic energy of the operating part, a larger amount of energy can be taken out than before, and the operation of the operating part does not need to be suppressed as in the conventional case. Alternatively, energy can be efficiently extracted even if the operation restriction is relaxed. Such devices, devices or methods have practical and significant effects, especially when employed in energy consuming portable devices and accessories.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00929894A EP1101937A4 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2000-05-26 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING HEAT ENERGY AND DEVICE WITH A HEAT ENERGY TRANSFER DEVICE |
| US09/744,504 US6427444B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2000-05-26 | Method and device for converting thermal energy and device with the thermal energy converting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14639299 | 1999-05-26 | ||
| JP11/146392 | 1999-05-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000073654A1 true WO2000073654A1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
Family
ID=15406672
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2000/003422 Ceased WO2000073654A1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2000-05-26 | Method and device for converting thermal energy and device with the thermal energy converting device |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6427444B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1101937A4 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1154794C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2000073654A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007529664A (ja) * | 2004-03-15 | 2007-10-25 | オルハン ウストゥーン | 電気エネルギーへの後続変換のための熱エネルギー蓄積装置 |
| JP2011111931A (ja) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-06-09 | Seiwa Giken:Kk | 熱発電機 |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1136698A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-26 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Temperature difference drive unit, and electric device, timepiece and light electrical appliance having the same |
| US7549177B2 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2009-06-16 | Intel Corporation | Advanced thermal management using an average power controller over an adjustable time window |
| EP2466394A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-20 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Capsule pour instrument scientifique |
| CN102734100B (zh) * | 2012-05-23 | 2014-11-26 | 浙江工商大学 | 阵列式光能动力装置 |
| WO2014140779A2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Preciflex Sa | Temperature driven winding system |
| CN103291571B (zh) * | 2013-05-13 | 2016-08-10 | 张超良 | 一种温差发电装置 |
| RU2533339C1 (ru) * | 2013-09-05 | 2014-11-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Константин Чайкин" | Автоматический привод механических наручных часов, механизм наручных часов с автоматическим приводом, механические наручные часы с автоматическим приводом и способ автоматического приведения в движение механических наручных часов |
| RU2545467C1 (ru) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Константин Чайкин" | Способ приведения в движение механических часов, устройство для автоматического приведения в движение часового механизма, механизм часов, содержащий устройство для автоматического приведения в движение часового механизма, механические часы, содержащие устройство для автоматического приведения в движение часового механизма |
| RU2551484C2 (ru) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-05-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Константин Чайкин" | Электрический прибор времени, способ и устройство для получения электроэнергии, приводящей в действие электрический прибор времени |
| CN105093895B (zh) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-12-19 | 贾二芳 | 用从温差中获取的动力给机械钟表发条输入能量的装置 |
| RU2622907C1 (ru) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-06-21 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет" | Тепловой генератор электрической энергии для космического аппарата |
| CN108599460A (zh) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-09-28 | 史宪文 | 一种利用昼夜温差发电设备 |
| CN109458313A (zh) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-03-12 | 厦门大学 | 一种储能式主动能量收集装置 |
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| JPH1014265A (ja) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-16 | Seiko Epson Corp | 発電装置および電気機器 |
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| CH31330A (de) * | 1904-04-28 | 1905-03-31 | Rudolf Moser | Automatische Aufziehvorrichtung an Uhrwerken |
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| FR664689A (fr) * | 1928-11-28 | 1929-09-06 | Dispositif permettant le remontage automatique des horloges ou autres mécanismes sous l'effet des variations de température de l'air | |
| DE498112C (de) * | 1929-03-24 | 1930-05-19 | Junghans Geb Ag | Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen von Uhren durch die Temperaturschwankungen eingeschlossener Gas- und Fluessigkeitsmengen |
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| FR1397771A (fr) * | 1964-06-01 | 1965-04-30 | Dispositif hydromécanique pour entraîner par variation de température un mouvement d'horlogerie | |
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| US6006522A (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 1999-12-28 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Translational actuator |
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- 2000-05-26 EP EP00929894A patent/EP1101937A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-26 WO PCT/JP2000/003422 patent/WO2000073654A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2000-05-26 CN CNB008009902A patent/CN1154794C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 US US09/744,504 patent/US6427444B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| JPS50117245U (ja) * | 1974-03-06 | 1975-09-25 | ||
| US4213292A (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1980-07-22 | Bulova Watch Company, Inc. | Thermoelectrically-powered wrist watch |
| JPS58106185A (ja) * | 1981-12-17 | 1983-06-24 | Katsuyoshi Egawa | 熱源から回転動力を得る装置 |
| JPH04274719A (ja) * | 1991-03-01 | 1992-09-30 | Ntc Kogyo Kk | ワツクスサーモエレメント型のサーモセンサ |
| JPH1014265A (ja) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-16 | Seiko Epson Corp | 発電装置および電気機器 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007529664A (ja) * | 2004-03-15 | 2007-10-25 | オルハン ウストゥーン | 電気エネルギーへの後続変換のための熱エネルギー蓄積装置 |
| JP2011111931A (ja) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-06-09 | Seiwa Giken:Kk | 熱発電機 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1154794C (zh) | 2004-06-23 |
| US6427444B1 (en) | 2002-08-06 |
| EP1101937A4 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
| EP1101937A1 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
| CN1310786A (zh) | 2001-08-29 |
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