WO2001032768A1 - Chloroprene-based rubber composition - Google Patents
Chloroprene-based rubber composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001032768A1 WO2001032768A1 PCT/JP1999/006112 JP9906112W WO0132768A1 WO 2001032768 A1 WO2001032768 A1 WO 2001032768A1 JP 9906112 W JP9906112 W JP 9906112W WO 0132768 A1 WO0132768 A1 WO 0132768A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chloroprene
- black
- rubber composition
- rubber
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L11/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of chloroprene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
- C08K2003/0893—Zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a black-mouthed rubber composition, and more particularly, to a black-mouthed rubber composition that provides a vulcanizate having significantly improved heat resistance.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 50-847437 discloses a method for improving heat resistance by adding zinc powder and water to a pulp rubber
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 2-36445 Is a method of improving the heat resistance by adding zinc powder and thermal black
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-81350 describes that chloroprene rubber is combined with zinc powder and 4,4 '-( It describes a method for improving heat resistance by adding (di-dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine.
- the demand for heat resistance is becoming stricter, and these known methods are not always satisfactory in heat resistance, and improvement is desired.
- the present invention is a composition containing a specific carbon black and a zinc powder in a black-mouthed plain-based rubber, and aims to improve the heat resistance of the vulcanized product.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to improve the heat resistance of the vulcanized product of the black-mouthed plain rubber composition. It has been found that this can be achieved by combining carbon black having an average stacking height Lc of 2 nm or more with zinc powder, and completed the present invention.
- the mouth-opening-prene rubber in the mouth-mouthing-prene-rubber composition of the present invention is mainly composed of black-mouthed-prene rubber.
- chloroprene rubber In addition to chloroprene rubber, if necessary, natural rubber, SBR, butyl rubber , BR, NBR, EPDM, etc. can be contained.
- the chloroprene-based rubber of the present invention is a homopolymer of chloroprene or a mixture of chloroprene and one or more other monomers copolymerizable with chloroprene (hereinafter referred to as chloroprene-based monomer). (Hereinafter, often referred to as black rubber).
- Monomers that can be copolymerized with chloroprene include, for example, 2,3-dichloro-1,3-butadiene, 1-chloro-1,3-butadiene, sulfur, styrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, Examples thereof include isoprene, butadiene, atalylic acid, methacrylic acid, and esters thereof, which can be used within a range satisfying the object of the present invention.
- the polymerization method for obtaining the chloroprene rubber used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a usual polymerization method can be used, and the chloroprene-based monomer is converted into a chloroprene rubber in the presence of a polymerization initiator generally used for polymerization of chloroprene. It can be obtained by emulsion polymerization according to a commonly used method.
- the emulsifier for carrying out the emulsion polymerization is not particularly limited, and is generally used for emulsion polymerization of chloroprene, for example, an alkali metal salt of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, Alkali metal salts of mouth dic acid or disproportionated mouth dic acid, and alkali metal salts of formalin condensate of /?-Naphthalenesulfonic acid are used.
- Chloroprene rubber is classified into zeo-modified type, mercaptan-modified type and xanthogen-modified type, depending on the type of molecular weight regulator.
- the zeo-modified type is one in which a polymer obtained by copolymerizing zeo and black mouth plastic is plasticized with thiuram disulfide and adjusted to a predetermined Mooney viscosity.
- the mercaptan-modified type uses alkyl mercaptans such as n-dodecyl mercaptan, tert-dodecyl mercaptan and octyl mercaptan as a molecular weight regulator.
- the xanthogen-modified type uses an alkyl xanthogen compound as a molecular weight regulator.
- any modified type can be used as the black-prene rubber of the present invention, and a chloroprene-based rubber modified by a combination of zeo, mercaptan and xanthogen can also be used.
- the sulfur-modified type is When the heat resistance of the polymer itself is inferior to that of the polymer and the xanthogen-modified type, it is preferable to use a mercaptan-modified and xanthogen-modified type.
- alkyl xanthogen compound used in the xanthogen-modified type include dimethyl xanthogen disulfide, getyl xanthogen disulfide, diisopropyl xanthogen disulfide, diisobutyl xanthogen disulfide, and the like.
- the amount of the alkylxanthogen compound to be used is selected so that the molecular weight of the chloroprene polymer (or Mooney viscosity of the chloroprene rubber obtained by isolating the polymer) is appropriate. Although it depends on the structure of the alkyl group and the target molecular weight, it is generally 0.05 to 5.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 1.0 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the chloroprene monomer. Used in parts by weight.
- organic peroxides such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, and the like, which are commonly used for emulsion polymerization of black-mouthed prene, are used. .
- the polymerization temperature and the final conversion of the monomer are not particularly limited, but the polymerization temperature is preferably from 0 to 50 ° C, and more preferably from 20 to 50 "C.
- the final conversion is preferably in the range of 50 to 90%, and when the conversion is reached, the polymerization is stopped by adding a small amount of a polymerization inhibitor.
- polymerization inhibitor for example, a commonly used inhibitor such as thiodiphenylamine, 4-tert-butylbutylcatechol, 2,2-methylenebis-14-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol is used.
- Unreacted monomers are removed, for example, by steam stripping, then the pH of the latex is adjusted, and the polymer is isolated by conventional freeze coagulation, water washing, hot air drying, etc. can do.
- the carbon black to be blended in the black rubber composition of the present invention any of thermal black and acetylene black by a pyrolysis method, and furnace black and channel black by an incomplete combustion method can be used. But, In these carbon blacks, the average stack height Lc of the layer plane in the crystallite in the C-axis direction needs to be 2 nm or more, and the average stack height Lc of the layer plane in the C-axis direction. Those having a force of 2.5 nm or more are particularly preferred.
- the average particle size is 60 nm or less
- the DBP oil absorption is preferably 100 to 350 ml Z100 g, more preferably 120 to 300 ml Z100 g, and particularly preferably. It is preferably 140 to 300 m1 / 100 g of force-bon black.
- the heat resistance of the vulcanizate obtained by vulcanizing the chloroprene rubber composition is not sufficient.
- acetylene black is carbon black obtained by thermally decomposing acetylene gas. Crystallization is remarkably advanced, and the structure is highly developed and the oil absorption is large.
- the plain rubber composition is most preferable because the effect of improving the heat resistance of the vulcanized product is large.
- the addition amount of carbon black is preferably from 10 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably from 20 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the chloroprene rubber. If the added amount exceeds 70 parts by weight, the workability is deteriorated, scorch is easily caused, and the brittle temperature of the vulcanized product is increased. If the amount is less than 10 parts by weight, the tensile strength and modulus of the vulcanized product will be reduced.
- the particle size of the zinc powder used in the present invention is preferably one that has passed through 200 mesh.
- the amount of the zinc powder to be added is preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the chloroprene rubber. When the amount of zinc powder is less than 1 part by weight, the heat resistance of the vulcanized product is not sufficiently improved, and when the amount is more than 30 parts by weight, the mechanical properties of the vulcanized product are reduced.
- the vulcanizing agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a metal oxide, specifically, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, lead oxide, trilead tetroxide, iron trioxide, titanium dioxide, and calcium oxide. And the like. These can be used in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the vulcanizing agent to be added is preferably 3 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the chloroprene rubber. Further, the vulcanization can be more effectively performed by using in combination with the following vulcanization accelerator.
- thiourea-based, guanidine-based, thiuram-based, thiazole-based and triazine-based vulcanization accelerators generally used for vulcanization of black rubber can be used.
- examples of the thiourea-based vulcanization accelerator include ethylene thiourea, getyl thiourea, trimethyl thiourea, triethyl thiourea, N, N, and 1, diphenyl thioperea, and in particular, trithiourea.
- Merylthiodialea is preferred.
- 3-methylthiazolidinethione or a mixture of thiadiazole and phenylenediimide, dimethylammonium hydroxide is 1,2-dimercapto-1, 3, 4 —
- Vulcanization accelerators such as thiadiazole derivatives can also be used. These vulcanization accelerators may be used in combination of two or more of the above. A peroxide vulcanization system can also be used. The addition amount of these vulcanization accelerators is preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the chloroprene rubber.
- a softening agent for example, a plasticizer, a processing aid, an antioxidant, a lubricant, a filler, and the like can be added to the black-mouthed rubber composition of the present invention, if necessary.
- antioxidants which have a large effect of improving heat resistance include amide-based 4,4,1-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine and octylated diphenylamine.
- 4,4,1-bis (hi, ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine can further improve the heat resistance of the chloroprene rubber composition of the present invention.
- softeners examples include lubricating oils, process oils, paraffin, liquid paraffin, petroleum softeners such as petrolatum, petroleum asphalt, and oily softeners such as rapeseed oil, linseed oil, castor oil, and coconut oil. Common softeners can be used.
- plasticizer general plasticizers such as octyl phthalate and octyl adipate can be used. It does not impair the heat resistance of the black-mouthed rubber composition of the present invention.
- the plasticizers to be improved include ether thioether plasticizers, such as Vulkinol OT (trade name, manufactured by Bayer AG), vegetable oils or ester plasticizers, ether-ester plasticizers, such as Aderikisaiza RS-700, RS-735 (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo KK) and the like.
- ether-thioether plasticizers such as Vulkinol OT (trade name, manufactured by Bayer AG), vegetable oils or ester plasticizers, ether-ester plasticizers, such as Aderikisaiza RS-700, RS-735 (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo KK) and the like.
- an ether-thioether plasticizer is preferable because it has an effect of improving heat resistance and cold resistance, and has an excellent balance between the two.
- One or more of these plasticizers can be used in combination depending on the required properties.
- the kneading method and the vulcanizing method of the rubber composition according to the present invention can use the methods commonly used in the rubber industry.
- the mixture can be mixed with a kneader such as a kneader, a Banbury or a jar and molded into a desired shape to obtain a molded vulcanizate.
- a kneader such as a kneader, a Banbury or a jar
- the kneaded material is formed into various shapes and vulcanized.
- the temperature and vulcanization time during vulcanization can be set as appropriate.
- the vulcanization temperature is preferably from 140 to 190, more preferably from 150 to 180 ° C.
- the vulcanizates obtained from the black-mouthed-prene rubber composition of the present invention are excellent in heat resistance, oil resistance, and cold resistance in addition to the mechanical properties of the rubber, heat resistance, oil resistance and cold resistance are required. It is suitable for industrial parts such as boots, hoses, belts, anti-vibration rubber, vibration damping materials, electric wires, gaskets, oil seals, packings, etc., and especially rubber parts for automobiles that require strict quality assurance and heat resistance.
- kneading was carried out using an 8-inch roll to produce a 2.3 mm thick sheet. This sheet was subjected to press vulcanization under the conditions of 150 ° C for 20 minutes to produce a vulcanized sheet having a thickness of 2 mm.
- the physical property test uses No. 3 dumbbell, the tensile test complies with JISK6251, and the hardness is JIS.
- T 10 the temperature at which the specific modulus, which is a value for the modulus at 23 ° C, becomes 10
- the heat resistance was measured in accordance with JISK 6257 using a test piece stored in a gear oven at 140 ° C for 9 days, and the tensile test and hardness were measured by the above measurement methods, respectively. And the rate of change in elongation and the amount of change in hardness.
- the average stack height L c (nm) of the layer plane in the crystallite in the C-axis direction is calculated from the (0 2) diffraction line in the X-ray diffraction method using the Cu—K Was.
- ⁇ wavelength of X-ray (0.154 nm)
- ⁇ angle showing the maximum value in the (002) diffraction line absorption band
- the chromate rubber according to the present invention which comprises carbon black and zinc powder having an average stacking height Lc of 2 nm or more in the C-axis direction of the layer plane in the crystallite, is shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
- the mouthpiece rubber composition gives a vulcanizate having excellent heat resistance.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2001-7008387A KR100463474B1 (ko) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | 클로로프렌계 고무조성물 |
| EP99951214A EP1148094B1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Chloroprene-based rubber composition |
| PCT/JP1999/006112 WO2001032768A1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Chloroprene-based rubber composition |
| US09/719,536 US6495625B1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Chloroprene type rubber composition |
| DE69930657T DE69930657T8 (de) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Kautschukzusammensetzung auf basis von chloropren |
| CNB998153346A CN1148405C (zh) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | 氯丁二烯系橡胶组合物 |
| ES99951214T ES2262343T3 (es) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Una composicion de caucho tipo cloropreno. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1999/006112 WO2001032768A1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Chloroprene-based rubber composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001032768A1 true WO2001032768A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
Family
ID=14237192
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1999/006112 Ceased WO2001032768A1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Chloroprene-based rubber composition |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6495625B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1148094B1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100463474B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1148405C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69930657T8 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2262343T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2001032768A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007502348A (ja) * | 2003-08-11 | 2007-02-08 | ブリヂストン/ファイヤストーン ノース アメリカン タイヤ エルエルシー | 非汚染性ブラックサイドウォール |
| US7977422B2 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2011-07-12 | Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc | Non-staining black sidewall |
| CN105911204A (zh) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-31 | 福清出入境检验检疫局综合技术服务中心 | 一种橡胶及其制品中亚乙基硫脲的检测方法 |
| WO2020095964A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-14 | デンカ株式会社 | ゴム組成物、加硫物及び加硫成形体 |
| WO2022113897A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-02 | デンカ株式会社 | クロロプレン系ゴム組成物、該クロロプレン系ゴム組成物の加硫物、およびクロロプレン系ゴム組成物の加硫成形体 |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20040020408A (ko) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 등속 조인트 부트용 수지 조성물 |
| PL1795645T3 (pl) * | 2004-10-01 | 2018-08-31 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Ciecz powlekająca do pokrywania włókna szklanego oraz wykorzystujące ją włókno szklane wzmacniające gumę |
| US9091325B2 (en) | 2004-10-01 | 2015-07-28 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Coating liquid for covering glass fiber and rubber-reinforcing glass fiber using same |
| CN101104711B (zh) * | 2007-08-10 | 2011-07-20 | 王崇高 | 一种耐老化橡胶带生产配方 |
| JP5525817B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-14 | 2014-06-18 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | クロロプレンゴム組成物およびその用途 |
| DE102007057133A1 (de) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Wischgummi für Scheibenwischer |
| GB201016463D0 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2010-11-17 | Icon Polymer Ltd | Rubber compositions for use in tension belts |
| WO2012124442A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-09-20 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | クロロプレンゴム組成物およびその加硫ゴム、並びに該加硫ゴムを用いたゴム型物、防振ゴム部材、エンジンマウントおよびホース |
| JP5721182B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-11 | 2015-05-20 | 国立大学法人長岡技術科学大学 | 加硫物及びその製造方法 |
| WO2014041649A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-20 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | ゴム組成物、その加硫物及び成形品 |
| CN103012889B (zh) * | 2012-12-24 | 2015-05-06 | 天津市橡胶工业研究所 | 一种氯丁胶布拼接封皮用氯丁橡胶配方及制作方法 |
| JP5714055B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-21 | 2015-05-07 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | ホース用ゴム組成物及びホース |
| CN107033418A (zh) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-11 | 广西桂山特种橡胶制品有限公司 | 一种橡胶骨架油封及其制备方法 |
| KR20240177036A (ko) | 2023-06-19 | 2024-12-27 | 주식회사 엠아이캐스텍 | 다용도 교체 구조의 농기구 |
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1999
- 1999-11-02 CN CNB998153346A patent/CN1148405C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-02 US US09/719,536 patent/US6495625B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-02 WO PCT/JP1999/006112 patent/WO2001032768A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-02 EP EP99951214A patent/EP1148094B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-02 ES ES99951214T patent/ES2262343T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-02 DE DE69930657T patent/DE69930657T8/de active Active
- 1999-11-02 KR KR10-2001-7008387A patent/KR100463474B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JPH0234645A (ja) * | 1988-07-22 | 1990-02-05 | Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co Ltd | 耐熱性ポリクロロプレンゴム組成物 |
| US5037360A (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1991-08-06 | Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Transmission belt |
| JPH11323020A (ja) * | 1998-05-08 | 1999-11-26 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | クロロプレン系ゴム組成物 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007502348A (ja) * | 2003-08-11 | 2007-02-08 | ブリヂストン/ファイヤストーン ノース アメリカン タイヤ エルエルシー | 非汚染性ブラックサイドウォール |
| US7977422B2 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2011-07-12 | Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc | Non-staining black sidewall |
| CN105911204A (zh) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-31 | 福清出入境检验检疫局综合技术服务中心 | 一种橡胶及其制品中亚乙基硫脲的检测方法 |
| WO2020095964A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-14 | デンカ株式会社 | ゴム組成物、加硫物及び加硫成形体 |
| WO2022113897A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-02 | デンカ株式会社 | クロロプレン系ゴム組成物、該クロロプレン系ゴム組成物の加硫物、およびクロロプレン系ゴム組成物の加硫成形体 |
| JPWO2022113897A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-02 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2262343T3 (es) | 2006-11-16 |
| EP1148094B1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
| DE69930657T8 (de) | 2006-12-14 |
| DE69930657T2 (de) | 2006-08-17 |
| DE69930657D1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
| KR100463474B1 (ko) | 2005-01-07 |
| CN1332771A (zh) | 2002-01-23 |
| EP1148094A1 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
| EP1148094A4 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
| KR20010108061A (ko) | 2001-12-07 |
| US6495625B1 (en) | 2002-12-17 |
| CN1148405C (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
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