WO2001047817A2 - Procedes d'extinction de petrole en feu, de suppression de vapeurs degagees par le petrole et de nettoyage de surfaces contaminees par du petrole - Google Patents

Procedes d'extinction de petrole en feu, de suppression de vapeurs degagees par le petrole et de nettoyage de surfaces contaminees par du petrole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001047817A2
WO2001047817A2 PCT/US2000/033196 US0033196W WO0147817A2 WO 2001047817 A2 WO2001047817 A2 WO 2001047817A2 US 0033196 W US0033196 W US 0033196W WO 0147817 A2 WO0147817 A2 WO 0147817A2
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composition
emulsifying
moles
petroleum product
weight percent
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PCT/US2000/033196
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WO2001047817A3 (fr
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Peter Riley
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
    • A62D1/0042—"Wet" water, i.e. containing surfactant
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
    • C09K23/018—Mixtures of two or more different organic oxygen-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/825—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/667—Neutral esters, e.g. sorbitan esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
    • C11D2111/20—Industrial or commercial equipment, e.g. reactors, tubes or engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
    • C11D2111/24—Mineral surfaces, e.g. stones, frescoes, plasters, walls or concretes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, to compositions and meth- ods for dispersing petroleum spills, and for accelerating biodegradation of such petroleum spills, and especially those that have occurred upon a body of water or anv other surface.
  • a surfactant is a surface-active agent whose molecules are composed of groups of opposing polarity and solubility, i.e., surfactants usually have both an oil-soluble hydrocarbon chain and a water-soluble grou ⁇ .
  • surfactants can be anionic, cationic. or nonionic. and they may be comprised of mixtures of any of these types of surfactants.
  • su ⁇ actant mixtures often include other chemical agents, such as solvents, that enhance the dispersant capabilities of the surfactant.
  • the nonionic surfactant can be one or more polyalkoxylated (5 to 55 moles) sorbitol or sorbitan fatty acid esters containing -10 moles of ethy ene oxide and having a hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB 1 * of 9 to 12.
  • the nonionic surfactant comprises 8 to 58 weight percent of the overall composition.
  • Tne anionic surfactant is preferably a salt of an alky aryl sulfonate.
  • Tne solvent is a five- to ten-carbon primary alcohol, glycol. or glycol-ether. for example, ethyiene glycol monobutyl ether.
  • a water component also may be added as desired.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3.793.218 to Canevari et al. teaches dispersal of oil slicks on water with a dispersant comprising a C, 0 to C ;0 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid or sorbitan monoester thereof, a sorbitan monoester polyoxyalkylene adduct. and a dialkyl ⁇ uifosuccmate salt.
  • the dispersant can be aDpiied to an oil slick with or without a solvent, such as. for example, paraffin (Isopar).
  • the total hydrophilic/lipophilic balance of these comcos.tions is between 9 and 1 1.5.
  • Tne dispersant contains (1) an assimilable nitrogen compound derived from melamine, (2) a hydroxy- providing compound such as a monoalcohol or a mono alkyl derivative of ethyiene glycol, (3) an assimilable phosphorus derivative and (-1) at least two of the following surface-active agents: sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan t ⁇ oleate, sorbitan monooleate, anhvdrosorbitol monooleate, an ethoxylated primary alcohol (C*-,-C, 3 ), or PEG (300-400) mono- or di-oleate.
  • an assimilable nitrogen compound derived from melamine contains (1) an assimilable nitrogen compound derived from melamine, (2) a hydroxy- providing compound such as a monoalcohol or a mono alkyl derivative of ethyiene glycol, (3) an assimilable phosphorus derivative and (-1) at least two of the following surface-active agents:
  • Tne agent is a mixture of a C 10 to C ;o saturated or unsaturated fatty acid or the sorbitan monoester thereof (e.g.. SPAN), and a nonpolar solvent such as isoparaffin.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4.146,470 to Mohan et al. discloses a combination of microorganisms and surfactants to disperse and digest oil slicks.
  • the microorganism is preferably Micrococ us c ⁇ r cans.
  • Tne surfactant rnixture contains 15% to 75% by weight of (1) sorbitan monooleate (SPAN 80) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (TW ⁇ EN 80), or (2) an alkyl giycoside, or a mixture of (1) and (2).
  • These surfactants may or may not be diluted in a paraffin solvent (Isopar).
  • Tne HLB of the resulting composition is between 6.9 and 9.5.
  • emulsifying compositions of the present invention also are capable of remediating oil spills on land as well as on water.
  • Applicant ' s emulsifying compositions have other utilities as well. For example, they can be used as fire-fighting agents, and especially against class
  • class C (hvdrocarbon tires in addition to class A (natural fuels), class C
  • oil dispersant compositions can be used as cleaning asents in those situations where the surface to be cleaned has a high hydrocarbon concentration, e.g., airport runways and aprons, as well as various container walls, for example, those of rail cars, tanker trucks, sea-going tankers, storage tanks, and automobile fuel tanks.
  • these compositions can be used to maintain and clean oil-contaminated machine tool parts and to maintain the track beds, switches, etc., of railway systems.
  • Applicant's compositions may even be used to accelerate the rate of biodegradation in sewage systems.
  • applicant ' s compositions are also exceptionally effective in the safe cleaning of oil-contaminated wildlife, such as birds, without any observable side effects. Further, applicant's compositions have been independently tested and found acceptable for use as cleaning agents in meat packing and poultry processing plants. These compositions have also been shown to suppress the methane produced from land fills.
  • the present invention provides improved compositions and methods that are particularly effective for emulsifying and/or dispersing a petroleum product that has been spilled upon a po ⁇ ion of the earth ' s surface, e.g.. upon a body of salt water, a body of fresh water, or a po ⁇ ion of land.
  • the petroleum products that can be emulsified and dispersed by applicant's compositions can be crude petroleum, or petroleum-based products such as fuel oil. gasoline, jet fuel and the like. Regardless of the exact nature of the petroleum product spill, applicant ' s compositions should be comprised of a nonionic. primary surfactant composition, a nonionic. secondary surfactant.
  • Applicant ' s primary surfactant ingredient is an ethoxylated sorbitol oleate and more preferably is a composition comprised of a mixture of ethoxylated sorbitol oleates. Tnat is to say that such ethoxylated sorbitol oleate mixtures will have a first ethoxylated sorbitol oleate and at least one other ethoxylated sorbitol oleate.
  • the first ethoxylated sorbitol oleate is ethoxylated sorbitol septaoleate and the second ethoxylated sorbitol oleate is an ethoxylated sorbitol oleate selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated sorbitol trioleate and ethoxylated sorbitol hexaoleate.
  • the nonionic, primary surfactant will comprise from about 45 to about 90 weight percent of the overall, end product, composition — as it is manufactured — but before it is diluted with water in the field — if indeed the end product composition is diluted in the Seid.
  • the secondary surfactant ingredient of the herein-described compositions for dispersing spilled petroleum products is most preferably a nonionic surfactant, or mixture of nonionic surfactants — nd especially those nonionic surfactants having a hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (H B) of about 10 to about 17.
  • the secondary surfactants of the herein- described compositions will be selected from the group consisting of linear ethoxylated secondary alcohols, polyoxyethylene aryl ether, and ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate. If they are so employed, such linear ethoxylated secondarv alcohols preferably will contain from about 7 moles to about 11 moles of ethyiene oxide and have an HLB of about 10 to about 15.
  • a polyoxyethylene aryl ether ingredient will most preferably have an HL3 greater than 15.5.
  • ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate ingredient will, preferably, contain from about 15 moies to about 26 moles of ethyiene oxide and e an HLB of about 15 to about 1 ⁇ .
  • Applicant ' s compositions preferable w ill contain from about 20 to about 36 weight percent (as such - ⁇ -
  • compositions are produced, but before they are further diluted, if they are in fact further diluted, prior to use in the field) of such a nonionic, secondary surfactant (or mixture of such surfactants).
  • Tne secondary surfactant also should be capable of stabilizing and solubilizing the primary surfactant to an extent such that the resulting manufactured composition for emulsifying a petroleum product has an HLB from about 12.0 to about 13.5.
  • Tne water component of applicant ' s manufactured compositions may be inherently added to applicant's compositions as pan of the manufacturing process by virtue of the fact that water may be a component of applicant's oleate ingredient(s) (e.g., about 25 to 35% thereof) and/or by virtue of the fact that water is added as a distinct ingredient in the manufacturing process.
  • the water in the oleate ingredients and/or secondary surfactant ingredient(s) and/or the water added as a distinct ingredient in a separate step in the manufacturing process will be in quantities such that the resulting emulsifying compositions, as they are manufactured, will comprise from about 0.05 to about 30 weight percent water.
  • Tne water component of the manufactured compositions of this patent disclosure i.e..
  • water to such manufactured compositions will preferably be less than about 30 weight percent of the manufactured product, and even more preferably will constitute less than 20 weight percent of such manufactured products.
  • A. separate water component used in the manufacru ⁇ ng process is preferably deioni ⁇ ed water, but fresh water or even salt water may be employed for this purpose.
  • Ce ⁇ ain optional components also may be added to the oil-emulsifying an 'or dispersing compositions of this patent disclosure.
  • Tnese optional components preferably include an emulsion-stabilizing agent and/or a polvethvlene glycol composition ( and especially a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight rom about 200 to about -00).
  • Such optional ingredient- containing oil-emulsifying compositions as manufactured, but before they undergo any dilution in the field, preferably will contain from about 1.0 weight percent to about 4.0 weight percent of such an emulsion-stabilizing agent, and from about 1.0 weight percent to about 2.0 weight percent of such a polyethylene glycol ingredient.
  • compositions for emulsifying spilled petroleum nonetheless, have the 12.0 to 13.5 HLB value sought in those compositions that do not contain any optional ingredients.
  • the end product compositions for emulsifying spilled petroleum products are also pa ⁇ icularly characterized by their ready biodegradability. low levels of toxicity to the environment, wide range of thermal stability, ease of use (owing to the fact that they can be premixed long before use without undergoing intervening phase separation) and. if need be. their ability to fight fires as well as disperse oil.
  • inorganic, commercially available fertilizers such as mixtures of urea formaldehyde and potas- sium o ⁇ hophosphates.
  • fertilizers such as mixtures of urea formaldehyde and potas- sium o ⁇ hophosphates.
  • additional optional ingredients are preferably dissolved in water and added to applicant ' s manufactured products (again, before such products are diluted in the field) in concentrations such that no one of them forms more than about 0.5% of the total weight of the pre-neld-diiuted emulsifying compositions of this patent disclosure.
  • a nontoxic solvent such as. for example, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether also mav be added as vet another optional in ⁇ redient. This intir ⁇ dient. if used at all. will be added in concentrations such that the diethylene glycol monobutyl ether constitutes from about 1.0 to about 10.0 weight percent of the manufactured, end product composition.
  • the ethoxylated sorbitol oleate ingredient will be a mixture of ethoxylated sorbitol oleates comprising (1) about 45 to about 50 weight percent of a first ethoxylated sorbitol oleate such as ethoxylated sorbitol septaoleate and wherein said ethoxylated sorbitol oleate contains from about 35 moles to about 45 moles of ethyiene oxide: and (2) from about 9 to about 10 weight percent of a second ethoxylated sorbitol oleate, and especially those selected from the group of oleates consisting of ethoxylated sorbitol trioleate and ethoxylated sorbitol hexaoleate.
  • Ethoxylated sorbitol trioleate and ethoxylated sorbitol hexaoleate ingredients containing about 40 moles to about 50 moles of ethyiene oxide are particularly effective as second, or co-surfactant, ethoxylated sorbitol oleates.
  • Tne remainder of these most preferred compositions will be comprised of from about 20 to about 36 weight percent of the secondary surfactant and from about 0.05 to about 30.0 weight percent water.
  • the present invention also involves the use of ce ⁇ ain hereinafter more fully described methods of contacting spilled petroleum with applicant's emulsifying compositions.
  • applicant ' s compositions may be added to a body of oil-polluted water, or land, in widely varying "loading " amounts an ⁇ 'or composition concentrations depending on the end result desired, the type of oil that has been spilled and/or the existing field conditions.
  • loading amounts an ⁇ 'or composition concentrations depending on the end result desired, the type of oil that has been spilled and/or the existing field conditions.
  • a "10% solution" of the herein-disclosed compositions mav be thou ht of as a mixture that contains 10% by volume of the various surfactant ingredients (and optional ingredients, if any are used) that constitute the manufactured product and 90% by volume of locally added water.
  • a 10% solution may, however, be even further diluted under c ⁇ ain circumstances.
  • some of the most preferred surfactant concentrations of applicant ' s compositions will be actually used in concentrations as low as about 3 volume percent of the overall manufactured composition (for example, such relatively low concentrations are effective when applied, with high shear, to spills of lighter petroleum products, such as jet fuel, gasoline and the like).
  • solution concentrations of about 20 volume percent of the manufactured composition and 80 volume percent local water are particularly effective in dispersing somewhat heavier petroleum products (such as " 'light fuel oils") and lubricating oils, especially when only low shear can be applied.
  • spills of oils heavier than No. 4 lubricating oils, but lighter than No. 6 fuel oil. will call for use of oil- emulsifying manufactured compositions of this patent disclosure diluted to an extent such that a locally provided water component will comprise from about 80 to about 94 volume percent of the resulting rnixture.
  • compositions of this patent disclosure used to treat oil spills on land also will preferably be diluted to an extent that they comprise from about 80 to about 94 volume percent water, and those compositions of this patent disclosure that are applied in the context of an oil spill and fire also will most preferably comprise about 9- volume percent water and about ⁇ volume percent of applicant ' s compositions.
  • spills of petroleum products lighter than No. 6 fuel oil may be treated with applicant ' s compositions that have been diluted with water in the field to such an extent that the resulting manufactured composition/local water mixture that is applied to the spill will, most preferably, be comprised of from about 10 to about 90 volume percent of the locally provided water (that is to say, another 10 to 90 volume percent of local water will be added, regardless of the fact that a given manufactured composition may itself already be comprised of from about 0.05 to about 30 weight percent water).
  • compositions/local water mixtures comprising up to 97 volume percent of local water (and hence, 3 volume percent of manufactured composition) may be employed, especially if local agitation (e.g.. provided by a ship ' s wake) also is available.
  • local agitation e.g.. provided by a ship ' s wake
  • the spilled petroleum product is a heavier petroleum product
  • a particularly preferred method of application is to apply a manufactured composition having no more than about 30 weight percent water i ⁇ nd more preferably a manufactured composition having no more than about 10 weight percent water) to the spilled oil.
  • the manufactured composition is applied without any addition of water in the field just prior to use. Water may. however, be added to the resulting manufactured composition/spilled oil system after the manufactured composition is deployed upon the spilled oil. Applicant has also found that the herein-described manufactured compositions (that is.
  • compositions existing prior to any field dilution with locallv available water can produce total emulsification with about one ( 1 ) pan of undiluted composition per about five ( 5) pans of a spill of No. 6 oil or bunker C oil.
  • Most heavy crude oils can be emulsified by one (1) pan of undiluted composition to ten (10) pans of oil.
  • the application of the com p ositions of this patent disclosure and the resulting emulsions vastly reduce the tendency of oil slicks on water to adhere to rock surfaces.
  • compositions of the present invention are highly biodegradable in the context of such oil spill ernulsif ations. Applicant's tests have shown that most emulsified oil/dispersant systems produced by the herein-described compositions will biodegrade by about 80% within four (4) days of application of the herein-described compositions to an oil spill in water. Indeed, applicant has found that even within the first three (3) hours after application of applicant's compositions, about 10% biodegradation of the oil dispersant system is obtained.
  • HLB hydrophilic/lipophilic balance
  • HLB values are obtained by dividing the molecular weight of the hydrophilic component of a compound by the molecular weight of the compound and multiplying the resulting number by selected adjuster values known to those skilled in this an. HLB values range on a scale from 1 to more than 20. with 1 indicating the least hydrophilic and 20 and above indicating the most hydrophilic.
  • Applicant has found that the stability of the dispersant spilled oil emulsions produced by the compositions of this patent disclosure can be further increased when small amounts of an emulsion-stabilizing agent are included in applicant ' s compositions.
  • emulsion-stabilizing agents are often used to provide steric stabilization of dispersed particles (for example, literature published by Imperial Chemical Industries PLC (ICI) suggests use of their Hypermer A.409 ® and Hyperm ⁇ r A39*-*-* compositions for this purpose).
  • ICI Imperial Chemical Industries PLC
  • Applicant has. however, found that the inclusion of such emulsion- stabiiizing agents in the herein-described compositions for dispersing spilled petroleum products greatly increases the stability of the resulting petroleum.' composition emulsion.
  • Tnis is an imponant finding because the increased longevity of the petroleum composition emuision enables the emulsion to be more completely biodegraded.
  • Some of the better descriptions of such emulsion-stabilizing agents are found in the technical literature pub- lished by their manufacturers, and therefore, applicant hereby incorporates by reference the following publication describing the prope ⁇ ies of Id ' s Hyper ⁇ mer" compositions: "'Hypermer 1 ' ' Polymeric Surfactants and Dispersants tor industrial .Applications " . ICI .Americas Inc.. I 00 -**. Regardless of the identity of their supplier, however, such emulsion-stabilizing agents may constitute from about 1.0 to about 4.0 weight percent of the overall manufactured compositions of this patent disclosure.
  • the primary surfactant composition is preferably made by first combining the first and the second ethoxylated sorbitol oleates under light, nonaerating agitation. If desired, the emulsion-stabilizing agent and/or the polyethylene glycol are combined under moderately high shear conditions and then blended with the primary surfactant composition. In some of the more preferred embodiments of this invention, the secondary surfactant is added to the primary surfactant composition by blending it under nonaerating shear conditions. Finally, the water component, if desired, is preferably added by blending under low shear conditions. Again, it should be understood that additional water can be incorporated into the manufactured compositions of this patent disclosure at a later time. e.g. just prior to use. so that smaller volumes of the manufactured compositions of this patent disclosure may be transpo ⁇ ed to a spill site.
  • Tne emulsifying compositions of the present invention may be ap- plied to petroleum spills on water or on land by conventional methods known to those skilled in the oil spill remediation ans. e.g.. using various tank and spray nozzle devices.
  • applicant ' s emulsifying compositions may be sprayed directly on petroleum spills on water or on land with a small diameter hose equipped with a spray nozzle to supply a uniform spray. It also should be noted that it is not necessary to apply the compositions using a high-pressure hose.
  • applicant ' s compositions may be applied by using a helicopter equipped with tanks having a dump spout that can be operated from within the helicopter or such helicopters may be - 1
  • tanks and a pipe manifold systems that are affixed to a plurality of spray nozzles.
  • dispension of the emulsifying compositions of this patent disclosure may be followed by physical agitation of the soil and then flushing with water.
  • apphcant's compositions also may be dispensed under pressure, for example, by a conventional fire extinguisher, whereby the pressure supplied by such a device mixes the emulsifying composition with the petroleum and simultaneously flushes it away.
  • This invention is further illustrated by reference to the following tests conducted upon various formulations of the compositions of this patent disclosure with respect to their dispersion abilities, biodegradation, and toxicity.
  • Three emulsifying compositions were prepared having the following three formulations .A. B. and C:
  • Emulsifier Formulation B 50 weight percent — ethoxylated sorbitol septaoleate. containing 40 moles of e.hvlene oxide. 10 weight percent — ethoxylated sorbitol hexaoleate. containing 50 moles of ethyiene oxide.
  • Emulsifier Formulation C 45 weight percent — ethoxylated sorbitol septaoleate. containing 40 moles of ethyiene oxide.
  • Emulsifier formulation A was tested using a conventional low-energy swirling flask dispersant effectiveness test. This test is more fully described in 0 CFR Section 300 and said regulation is incorporated into this patent disclosure.
  • Tne specific oil types used in applicant ' s test were two standard reference oils, that is. Prudhoe Bay Crude and South Louisiana Crude (a lighter oil than the Prudhoe Bay Crude). The test was performed in "anificial sea water " (made from Instant Ocean 3 ) made to a salinity of 35 pans per thousand. One pan (by weight) of emulsifying formulation A was used to 10 pans (by weight) of oil. The test was done with three or four replicate samples. Results were measured as the UN- VIS spectrophometric absorbance at 3-10 am.
  • the test procedure involved exposing the organisms to increasing concentrations of emulsifying formulation B alone and to a combination of equal amounts of emulsifying formulation B and diesel oil and determining the LC ;o (the concentration of formulation B alone or formulation B/oil combination that kills 50% of the organisms) after 48 hours of exposure for the shrimp and 96 hours of exposure for the fish.
  • the LC 0 values for emulsifying formulation B alone were compared with LC, 0 values for other dispersants of comparable efficiency as listed in the National Contingency Plan defined in 40 CFR Section 300. The results are shown in Table IV. ABLE rv

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions et des procédés servant à émulsifier un produit pétrolier déversé sur une partie de la surface terrestre, qui se basent sur l'utilisation d'une composition de tensioactif primaire non ionique. Cette composition renferme un premier oléate de sorbitol éthoxylé et, de préférence, un deuxième oléate de sorbitol éthoxylé ; et un tensioactif secondaire non ionique capable de stabiliser et de solubiliser la composition de tensioactif primaire de sorte que les compositions émulsifiantes obtenues présentent un équilibre hydrophile/lipophile se situant entre environ 12,0 et environ 13,5.
PCT/US2000/033196 1999-12-12 2000-12-08 Procedes d'extinction de petrole en feu, de suppression de vapeurs degagees par le petrole et de nettoyage de surfaces contaminees par du petrole Ceased WO2001047817A2 (fr)

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US45867899A 1999-12-12 1999-12-12
US09/458,678 1999-12-12

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2228951C1 (ru) * 2003-06-04 2004-05-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Айтуар-НП" Средство для очистки твердой поверхности
EP2565882A1 (fr) 2011-09-02 2013-03-06 Exscitron GmbH Composant électronique à induction et utilisation de celui-ci

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FR2601885B1 (fr) * 1986-07-24 1988-11-04 Labofina Sa Compositions dispersantes pour le traitement de nappes d'huile a la surface de l'eau
US5728320A (en) * 1992-12-15 1998-03-17 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Chemical dispersant for oil spills
US5753127A (en) * 1996-08-21 1998-05-19 Petrotech A.G. Compositions and methods for dispersing and biodegrading spilled petroleum oils and fuels

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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RU2228951C1 (ru) * 2003-06-04 2004-05-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Айтуар-НП" Средство для очистки твердой поверхности
EP2565882A1 (fr) 2011-09-02 2013-03-06 Exscitron GmbH Composant électronique à induction et utilisation de celui-ci
DE102012108082A1 (de) 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Exscitron Gmbh Induktive elektronische Baugruppe und Verwendung einer solchen

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