WO2001049902A1 - Diaphragme exempt d'amiante, comprenant des particules minerales non fibreuses, association le comprenant, son obtention et son utilisation - Google Patents
Diaphragme exempt d'amiante, comprenant des particules minerales non fibreuses, association le comprenant, son obtention et son utilisation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001049902A1 WO2001049902A1 PCT/FR2000/003732 FR0003732W WO0149902A1 WO 2001049902 A1 WO2001049902 A1 WO 2001049902A1 FR 0003732 W FR0003732 W FR 0003732W WO 0149902 A1 WO0149902 A1 WO 0149902A1
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- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- fibers
- dispersion
- diaphragm according
- pore
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/05—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials
- C25B13/07—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials based on ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diaphragm obtained by depositing a fibrous sheet free of asbestos fibers and titanate fibers, a combination comprising it. It also relates to the preparation of the diaphragm and of said combination, as well as the use of the latter for obtaining an alkali metal hydroxide solution by electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides.
- the diaphragms In general, it is known to prepare the diaphragms by depositing asbestos fibers on a support, consolidating them with a polymer inert with respect to the electrolyte and optionally adding a blowing agent which is eliminated in end of preparation, so as to give the diaphragms the necessary porosity.
- asbestos-free diaphragms have been described, obtained from suspensions comprising, in addition to the fluoropolymer used as binder and the blowing agent, a mixture of fibers and optionally a gel of 'oxohydroxide of a metal.
- the fiber mixture comprises on the one hand, polytetrafluoroethylene fibers and on the other hand, mineral fibers which are chosen from carbon, graphite and titanate fibers. Note that the carbon fiber and graphite content must be limited so that the resulting diaphragm has an appropriate resistivity.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a diaphragm which is both free of asbestos fibers and titanate fibers.
- a first object of the invention relates to a microporous diaphragm capable of being obtained by filtration, through a porous support, of an aqueous dispersion devoid of asbestos fibers . and titanate fibers, comprising organic fibers, at least one binder 'selected from halogen-containing polymers, at least one blowing agent and inorganic particles of non fibrous structure.
- a second object of the invention consists of a combination comprising said diaphragm and a precathode consisting of a fibrous sheet capable of being obtained by depositing, by filtration through a porous support, of a dispersion comprising fibers, part of which is electrically conductive, at least one binder chosen from halogenated polymers, at least one electrocatalytic agent, at least one pore-forming agent.
- a third object of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of the diaphragm consisting in implementing the following steps: a) a dispersion is prepared comprising organic fibers, at least one binder chosen from halogenated polymers, at least one agent porogenic and inorganic particles of non-fibrous structure, b) depositing by vacuum filtration, through a porous support, the dispersion thus obtained, c) removing the liquid and, if necessary, drying the fibrous sheet formed, d) the fibrous sheet is sintered, e) the pore-forming agent is eliminated, if necessary.
- an aqueous dispersion is prepared comprising the fibers, part of which is electrically conductive, at least one binder chosen from halogenated polymers, at least one electrocatalytic agent, at least a blowing agent, b) a fibrous sheet is deposited by filtration under programmed vacuum of said dispersion through a porous support, c) the liquid is removed and the fibrous sheet formed, constituting the precathode is dried, if necessary ) optionally sintering the precathode, e) optionally eliminating the pore-forming agent, f) depositing on the precathode, by programmed vacuum filtration, an aqueous dispersion, comprising organic fibers, at least one binder chosen from halogenated polymers, at least one pore-forming agent, mineral particles of non-fibrous structure, g) the liquid is eliminated and the diaphra
- the present invention relates to the use of the diaphragm or of a combination comprising it, for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides.
- the diaphragm according to the invention can be obtained by depositing, by filtration through a porous support, a dispersion comprising organic fibers, at least one binder chosen from - halogenated polymers, at least one pore-forming agent and mineral particles of non-fibrous structure.
- the organic fibers are preferably based on a halogenated polymer chosen from homopolymers or copolymers derived at least in part from olefinic monomers substituted by fluorine atoms or substituted by a combination of fluorine atoms and at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms per monomer.
- homopolymers or fluorinated copolymers may be constituted by polymers or copolymers derived from tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, bromotrifluoroethylene
- Such fluorinated polymers can also contain up to 75 mol% of units derived from other ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing at least as many fluorine atoms as carbon atoms, such as for example vinylidene (di) fluoride, vinyl and perfluoroalkyl esters, such as perfluoroalkoxyethylene.
- the organic fibers are polytetrafluoroethylene fibers.
- the organic fibers used in the context of the present invention can have variable dimensions.
- the diameter is between 10 and 500 ⁇ m
- the length is it that the length / diameter ratio varies between 5 and
- fibers whose average dimensions are between 50 and 200 ⁇ m for the diameter and 1 to 10 mm for the length.
- the content of organic fibers in the dispersion represents 100 parts by weight.
- the contents indicated, unless otherwise stated, are expressed in dry weight of the compound concerned.
- the diaphragm may include carbon or graphite fibers.
- these fibers are in the form of filaments whose diameter is generally less than 1 mm and more particularly between 10 ⁇ 3 and 0.1 mm and whose length is greater than 0.5 mm and more especially between 1 and 20 mm.
- said fibers have, according to a particular embodiment, a distribution of monodispersed length, that is to say a distribution such that the length of at least 80% and advantageously of at least 90%, of the fibers. , corresponds to the average length to within ⁇ 10%.
- the content of carbon fibers, graphite, or their mixture, if they are present, is such that it does not give the diaphragm a conductive character (the resistivity of the diaphragm is greater than or equal to 4 ⁇ .cm). More specifically, the content is between 2 and 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of organic fibers.
- the dispersion from which the diaphragm according to the invention can be obtained further comprises a binding agent chosen from halogenated polymers.
- the halogenated polymer used as a binder is polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the binding agent is more particularly in the form of a dispersion of polymer particles, the dry extract of which varies between 30 and 70% by weight.
- the content of binder represents more particularly 20 to 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of organic fibers.
- the dispersion used to obtain the diaphragm comprises a blowing agent. It is understood that when use is made of blowing agents, the final material in principle no longer contains such agents and the porosity of said material, under the effect of the decomposition or elimination of these blowing agents, is controlled.
- pore-forming agents By way of illustration of the pore-forming agents, mention may be made of mineral salts, which can then be eliminated chemically (leaching, decomposition) or thermally.
- the blowing agent is chosen from the compounds which can be eliminated chemically or thermally, or a mixture of such compounds.
- the blowing agent is chosen from compounds which can be eliminated by chemical means.
- alkali or alkaline earth salts such as halides, sulfates, sulfonates, bisulfites, phosphates, carbonates, bicarbonates. Mention may also be made of amphoteric alumina. Still in this category of blowing agent, a preferred variant consists in using silica. This pore-forming agent is subsequently removed with an alkaline treatment, during the first use of the material (or the diaphragm) or before it.
- silicas are suitable for this use and more particularly precipitated silicas or combustion silicas.
- the specific surface of the silica used is more particularly between 100 and 300 m 2 / g.
- the quantity and particle size of the blowing agents are closely linked to the application for which the materials are intended. Simply as an order of magnitude, the particle size of the blowing agents most often varies between 1 and 50 ⁇ m and preferably between 1 and 15 ⁇ m. As for the quantity, and always by way of illustration, it is chosen as a function of the desired porosity, which can reach 90% or even more (according to standard ASTM D 276-72).
- the pore-forming agent is chosen from compounds which can be eliminated thermally, such as for example nanoparticulate systems (latex of size less than 100._nm).
- the content of blowing agent is more particularly between 20 and 100 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of organic fibers.
- the diaphragm includes mineral particles of non-fibrous structure.
- said particles have a particle size such that their average size is less than 150 ⁇ m. More specifically, the average size of particles is at least 10 ⁇ m. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the average particle size is between 10 and 50 ⁇ m.
- the particles are based on hydrated silicates comprising at least magnesium and / or aluminum and / or potassium.
- silicates and without intending to be limited thereto, mention may be made of talc, kaolin, mica, attapulgite, vermiculite.
- the mineral particles used in the composition of the dispersion have a platelet structure.
- the particles used are more precisely particles of mica.
- the content of mineral particles in the dispersion more particularly, between 30 and 100 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of organic fibers.
- the dispersion from which the diaphragm according to the invention can be obtained can comprise additives conventional in the field, such as for example at least one surfactant, or at least one thickening agent, or mixtures thereof.
- suitable surfactants which are preferably nonionic surfactants, mention may be made of ethoxylated alcohols or fluorocarbon compounds with functionalized groups, alone or as a mixture; these alcohols or these fluorocarbon compounds generally have carbon chains from C 6 to C Q.
- ethoxylated alcohols are used which are ethoxylated alkylphenols, such as in particular octoxynols.
- the amount introduced into the dispersion generally represents from 1 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of organic fibers.
- thickening agents As regards the thickening agents, according to the present invention is meant a compound which increases the viscosity of the dispersion and which exhibits water-retaining properties.
- Natural or synthetic polysaccharides are generally used. Mention may in particular be made of the biopolymers obtained by fermentation of a carbohydrate under the action of microorganisms.
- xanthan gum is used. Xanthan gum is synthesized using bacteria belonging to the genus Xanthomonas and more particularly to the species described in Bergey's manual of determination bacteriology (8th edition - 1974 - Williams N. Wilkins C ° Baltimore). The species Xanthomonas campesths is particularly suitable for the synthesis of xanthan gum.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Arthrobacter to the genus Erwinia, to the genus Azobacter, to the genus Agrobacter or to fungi belonging to the genus Sclerotium.
- the dispersion comprises thickening agents
- their content generally represents between 1 and 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of organic fibers. It should be noted that the overall dry matter content of the dispersion from which the diaphragm can be obtained is usually between 1 and 10% by weight.
- the dispersion which has just been described is deposited by filtration through a porous support.
- said support can be either another fibrous sheet (also called precathode), which will be described in detail below, or a metal surface having openings whose size is between 20 ⁇ m and 5 mm (also called cathode elementary), or the combination of these two types of support.
- a metal surface used as a porous support can more particularly consist of fabrics or grids whose void, the perforations or the porosity can be included in the range indicated above. It can likewise have one or more flat or cylindrical surfaces, commonly called “thermowell", having an open surface.
- This metallic, conductive surface can, among other things, be composed of iron, nickel, alloys such as stainless steel, or any other material treated so as to make it even less sensitive to the corrosivity of the medium, such as by example of the iron on which a nickel deposit would have been made.
- the present invention relates to a combination comprising the diaphragm and another fibrous sheet (precathode) capable of being obtained by deposition by filtration through a porous support of a dispersion comprising fibers, part of which is electrically conductive, at least one binder chosen from halogenated polymers, at least one electrocatalytic agent and at least one pore-forming agent.
- a porous support on which this other fibrous sheet is deposited is constituted by a metal surface having openings the size of which is between 20 ⁇ m and 5 mm (elementary cathode). The characteristics concerning the elementary cathode detailed previously remain valid.
- the association is such that one finds from one face towards the other, the diaphragm according to the invention, the precathode as defined above, the elementary cathode.
- the precathode preferably has a resistivity equal to or less than 0.4 ⁇ .cm.
- said sheet comprises electrically conductive fibers. These can be chosen from intrinsically conductive fibers or else treated so as to make them such.
- these fibers are in the form of filaments whose diameter is generally less than 1 mm and more particularly between 10 "3 and 0.1 mm and whose length is greater than 0.5 mm and more especially between 1 and 20 mm.
- the fibers used in the composition of the sheet are intrinsically conductive fibers, such as in particular carbon or graphite fibers.
- the conductive fibers preferably have a distribution of monodispersed length, that is to say a distribution such that the length of at least 80% and advantageously at least 90%, of the fibers, corresponds to the length average to within ⁇ 10%.
- fibers from material which is not electrically conductive but which are made conductive by treatment it is possible to use fibers from material which is not electrically conductive but which are made conductive by treatment.
- material which is not electrically conductive but which are made conductive by treatment By way of example, mention may be made of zirconia fibers made conductive by chemical or electrochemical deposition of a metal such as nickel.
- the content of conductive fibers is determined so that the overall resistivity of the precathode fibrous web is less than or equal to 0.4 ⁇ .cm.
- the dispersion more particularly comprises 20 to 100 parts by weight of conductive fibers. According to a preferred variant, the content of conductive fibers is between 50 and 90 parts by weight.
- the dispersion may likewise contain, in association with the conductive fibers, non-conductive fibers. These fibers are generally in the form of filaments whose size is similar to that given for the conductive fibers.
- non-conductive fibers By way of illustration of non-conductive fibers, mention may in particular be made of organic fibers, such as polypropylene or polyethylene fibers, optionally halogenated and in particular fluorinated, polyhalo-vinylidene fibers and in particular polyvinylidene fluoride, or even fibers of fluorinated polymers.
- organic fibers such as polypropylene or polyethylene fibers
- Such fibers when present, are preferably polytetrafluoroethylene fibers. Reference may be made to the corresponding passage in the description, giving details of the structure of such fibers.
- the proportion of non-conductive fibers is such that the resistivity of the precathode is at most 0.4 ⁇ .cm.
- the content of non-conductive fibers when used here, can represent up to 90% by weight and preferably be between 20 and 70% by weight of the mixture of conductive fibers and non-conductive fibers.
- the dispersion also comprises at least one binder chosen from halogenated polymers. What has been said about the binder used in the composition of the dispersion from which the diaphragm can be obtained remains valid.
- the binder is polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the content of binder in the dispersion is more particularly between 10 and 60 parts by dry weight.
- the dispersion from which this precathode layer is obtained further comprises at least one electrocatalytic agent.
- electrocatalytic agent Any type of metal known in the art can be used as the electrocatalytic agent to activate the electrolysis reaction.
- a Raney metal is used, such as preferably nickel, or else a precursor of this Raney metal, consisting in fact of an alloy based on said metal associated with another than one can easily eliminate. More particularly, it is an alloy comprising aluminum which can be leached for example by a basic treatment.
- This type of electrocatalytic agent has in particular been described in European patent EP 296 076 to which reference may be made on this subject.
- electrocatalytic agent particles comprising an oxide of ruthenium, platinum, iridium, palladium, or a mixture of these oxides.
- mixture particles comprising in themselves a mixture of oxides, but also particles, based on a metal oxide, mixed with other particles comprising a different oxide.
- Said agent can also be in the form of particles consisting of an electrically conductive support, comprising a coating in the form of ruthenium oxide, platinum, iridium, palladium; these oxides being alone or in admixture in the sense which has just been explained. It would not be departing from the scope of the present invention to combine these two variants, that is to say particles based on oxide or coated with an oxide.
- the electrocatalytic agent according to the invention is in the form of a coating of a support such as in particular iron, cobalt, nickel, Raney iron, Raney cobalt, Raney nickel, the elements of columns IVA and VA of the periodic table, carbon, graphite.
- a support such as in particular iron, cobalt, nickel, Raney iron, Raney cobalt, Raney nickel, the elements of columns IVA and VA of the periodic table, carbon, graphite.
- the content of electrocatalytic agent in the dispersion is more precisely between 20 and 200 parts by weight. Preferably, it is between 60 and 120 parts by weight.
- the dispersion likewise comprises a blowing agent. What has been indicated above concerning the nature of this blowing agent remains valid, both for the general definition of this compound and for the preferred variants, and will not be repeated here.
- this content is generally between 30 and 200 parts. More particularly, the amount of blowing agent is between 30 and 100 parts by weight.
- the amount of this type of compound is more particularly between 10 and 200 parts by weight.
- said sheet comprises a cationic polymer.
- suitable cationic polymers two categories of polymers may be mentioned, organic polymers and inorganic polymers, the latter being able to be used alone or as a mixture.
- polymers from the first category synthetic polymers chosen from epychlorohydrin, polyimines, polyacrylamides, polyacrylamines are polymers capable of entering into the composition of the suspension used in the invention .
- Polymers of natural origin such as, in particular, cationic starches and cationic guars are compounds which are suitable for the invention.
- inorganic polymers mention may be made, without intending to be limited, of clays, bentonites, aluminum sulphate, aluminum polychloride.
- the polymer is chosen from polyacrylamines, sold in particular under the name FLOERGER® by the company Floerger, cationic starches, such as hot-soluble cationic starches (cationic HI-CAT® starches, sold by the company Roquette), as well as cold soluble cationic starches, of the type of cationic guars sold under the brand MEYPRO® by the company Meyhall; these polymers can be present alone or as a mixture.
- the content of cationic polymer is such that the measurement of the turbidite of the supernatant liquid after settling of the dispersion is greater than or equal to 50, preferably 75 (the measurement of the turbidite is carried out by transmission to 630 nm on a Methrom 662 Photometer® type turbidimeter; that of pure water gives a value of 100). Furthermore, the content of cationic polymer is such that there is no excessive difficulty in filtering the suspension.
- the content varies between 10 and 80 parts by dry weight, and preferably; between 20 and 40 parts by dry weight.
- the dispersion of the precathode layer preferably comprises conductive fibers (without non-conductive fibers), a blowing agent, a cationic polymer, and optionally other additives.
- fibrous material more particularly the type of fibers ⁇ based on cellulose, or cellulose-based fibers which have been given a positive ionic charge.
- the suspension comprises fibers based on cellulose, charged or not positively charged, as fibrous material, their content is at most 60 parts by dry weight, and preferably between 10 and 40 parts by weight.
- the dispersion may also include usual additives, but not compulsory, such as surfactants, thickening agents. Those used in the composition of the dispersion allowing access to the diaphragm according to the invention can be used to obtain the first layer
- the diaphragm can be obtained by implementing the following steps: a) a dispersion is prepared comprising organic fibers, at least one binder chosen from halogenated polymers, at least one pore-forming agent and mineral particles of non-fibrous structure, b) depositing by vacuum filtration, and through a porous support, the dispersion thus obtained, c) removing the liquid and, if necessary, drying the fibrous web formed, d) sintering the fibrous web, e) eliminates, if necessary, the blowing agent.
- the preparation of the dispersion is carried out by mixing the various elements which constitute it, in an aqueous solution.
- the contents of the various components of the dispersion are such that they satisfy the conditions indicated above.
- Stage b) of filtration is carried out under vacuum.
- this vacuum is programmed.
- the sheet is deposited on the porous support by programmed vacuum filtration.
- the filtration of the dispersion can be carried out vertically, which represents a particularly advantageous advantage for exploitation on an industrial scale, or horizontally.
- step d) of filtration the vacuum is maintained so as to eliminate the liquid.
- the resulting sheet can be dried, for example by bringing the temperature to a value below 150 ° C.
- the resulting fibrous web is then the subject of a sintering or consolidation step (step d).
- the fibrous sheet constituting the diaphragm according to the invention can, if necessary, be the subject of a step of elimination of the pore-forming agent.
- step e) takes place by carrying out a chemical treatment of the diaphragm, of the sheet or of their combination, with an alkaline solution.
- step e) can be carried out by contacting the diaphragm with an alkali metal hydroxide solution having a concentration of between 40 and 200 g / l. Furthermore, the temperature is more particularly between 20 and 95 ° C.
- step e) can take place before the use of the diaphragm or in situ, that is to say during the first use of the diaphragm or of the association.
- an aqueous dispersion is prepared comprising the fibers, part of which is electrically conductive, at least one binder chosen from halogenated polymers, at least one electrocatalytic agent, at least one pore-forming agent, b) a fibrous sheet is deposited by filtration under programmed vacuum of said dispersion through a porous support, c) the liquid is removed and dries, if necessary, the fibrous sheet formed, constituting the precathode, d) optionally sintering the precathode, e) optionally eliminating the pore-forming agent, f) depositing on the precathode, by filtration under programmed vacuum, an aqueous dispersion, comprising organic fibers, at least one binder chosen from halogenated polymers, at least one pore-forming agent, mineral particles of non-fibrous structure, g) the liquid is eliminated and dried possibly the diaphragm
- the first step is carried out in a similar manner to that used for the preparation of the dispersion used to obtain the diaphragm.
- this dispersion is deposited on a metal support having openings whose size is between 20 ⁇ m and 5 mm.
- the deposition by filtration of the dispersion takes place under a programmed vacuum, the conditions of which have been explained for the deposition of the sheet constituting the diaphragm.
- step c) The conditions of step c) are moreover similar to those implemented for obtaining the diaphragm.
- the precathode layer can be sintered by heating to a temperature greater than or equal to the softening temperature of the binder.
- the elimination of the pore-forming agent can take place at this stage, according to a method identical to that described when obtaining the diaphragm. However, preferably, this step is only carried out at the end of the process (step i).
- Steps f) to i) correspond to those described above for obtaining the diaphragm.
- a final object of the invention consists of the use of the diaphragm or of a combination comprising it, in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides, more particularly of sodium chloride solutions.
- a dispersion is prepared from the following elements: ° permuted water, the amount of which is calculated to obtain approximately 4 liters of dispersion and a dry extract of approximately 3.2% by weight, ° 100 parts by weight of carbon fibers whose diameter is approximately
- the suspension obtained is filtered, after having stirred it, under vacuum, on a braided iron mesh and rolled steel type "Gantois" whose opening is 2 mm and whose wire diameter is 2 mm, the deposition area being 1.21 dm 2 .
- the vacuum is established to reach in stages a value between 300.10 2 and 450.10 2 Pa.
- the maximum vacuum is maintained for approximately 15 minutes.
- the whole is then dried.
- Triton X 100 from the company Rohm and Haas.
- the required volume of dispersion is taken so that it presents the quantity of dry extract that we intend to deposit (here 1.3 kg / m 2 ; 1.53 kg / m 2 ; 1.8 kg / m m 2 ).
- the dispersion is carried out under programmed vacuum on the precathode layer obtained previously. The vacuum is established to reach in stages a value between 300.10 2 and 450.10 2 Pa. The maximum vacuum is maintained for approximately 15 minutes. The combination is then sintered at 350 ° C in air for 7 minutes.
- the cell operating conditions are as follows D Current density: 2.5 kA / m 2 ° Temperature: 85 ° C
- H is the hydraulic head reduced to a flow rate of 100.
- ⁇ It corresponds to the ratio of the difference between the levels of Panolyte and catholyte and the flow rate (expressed in ml / h); the ratio being multiplied by 100.
- RF is the Faraday yield (sodium hydroxide concentration: 3N).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00990842A EP1242655A1 (fr) | 1999-12-30 | 2000-12-28 | Diaphragme exempt d'amiante, comprenant des particules minerales non fibreuses, association le comprenant, son obtention et son utilisation |
| AU30303/01A AU3030301A (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2000-12-28 | Asbestos-free diaphragm, comprising non-fibrous mineral particles, combination comprising same, method for obtaining same and use thereof |
| BR0016804-1A BR0016804A (pt) | 1999-12-30 | 2000-12-28 | Diafragma microporoso, associação,preparação de um diafragma e de uma associação e utilização de diafragma ou de uma associação |
| CA002396047A CA2396047A1 (fr) | 1999-12-30 | 2000-12-28 | Diaphragme exempt d'amiante, comprenant des particules minerales non fibreuses, association le comprenant, son obtention et son utilisation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9916752A FR2803309B1 (fr) | 1999-12-30 | 1999-12-30 | Diaphragme exempt d'amiante, comprenant des particules minerales non fibreuses, association le comprenant, son obtention et son utilisation |
| FR99/16752 | 1999-12-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001049902A1 true WO2001049902A1 (fr) | 2001-07-12 |
Family
ID=9554063
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2000/003732 Ceased WO2001049902A1 (fr) | 1999-12-30 | 2000-12-28 | Diaphragme exempt d'amiante, comprenant des particules minerales non fibreuses, association le comprenant, son obtention et son utilisation |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030127321A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1242655A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU3030301A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0016804A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2396047A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2803309B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2002120187A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001049902A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6215010B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-15 | 2017-10-18 | 池上通信機株式会社 | 小型成形品の搬送装置および該装置に用いられる簀子状部材 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4720334A (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-01-19 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Diaphragm for electrolytic cell |
| EP0412917A1 (fr) * | 1989-08-10 | 1991-02-13 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Diaphragme, association d'un tel diaphragme à un élément cathodique et leur procédé d'obtention |
| WO1993016217A2 (fr) * | 1992-02-13 | 1993-08-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Separateurs pour cellules a l'electrolyse et procedes de fabrication |
| US5683749A (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1997-11-04 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for preparing asbestos-free chlor-alkali diaphragm |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2727102B1 (fr) * | 1994-11-21 | 1997-08-01 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede d'elimination d'impuretes metalliques par voie electrochimique |
| US5685755A (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 1997-11-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Non-asbestos diaphragm separator |
| FR2743090B1 (fr) * | 1995-12-29 | 1998-02-06 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Element cathodique exempt d'amiante utilisable pour l'electrolyse de solution de chlorure de sodium |
-
1999
- 1999-12-30 FR FR9916752A patent/FR2803309B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-12-28 CA CA002396047A patent/CA2396047A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-28 US US10/169,013 patent/US20030127321A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-28 WO PCT/FR2000/003732 patent/WO2001049902A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-28 AU AU30303/01A patent/AU3030301A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-28 RU RU2002120187/12A patent/RU2002120187A/ru unknown
- 2000-12-28 BR BR0016804-1A patent/BR0016804A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-28 EP EP00990842A patent/EP1242655A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4720334A (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-01-19 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Diaphragm for electrolytic cell |
| EP0412917A1 (fr) * | 1989-08-10 | 1991-02-13 | Rhone-Poulenc Chimie | Diaphragme, association d'un tel diaphragme à un élément cathodique et leur procédé d'obtention |
| WO1993016217A2 (fr) * | 1992-02-13 | 1993-08-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Separateurs pour cellules a l'electrolyse et procedes de fabrication |
| US5683749A (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1997-11-04 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for preparing asbestos-free chlor-alkali diaphragm |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1242655A1 (fr) | 2002-09-25 |
| FR2803309B1 (fr) | 2002-05-03 |
| FR2803309A1 (fr) | 2001-07-06 |
| RU2002120187A (ru) | 2004-03-27 |
| US20030127321A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
| AU3030301A (en) | 2001-07-16 |
| CA2396047A1 (fr) | 2001-07-12 |
| BR0016804A (pt) | 2002-09-10 |
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