WO2001068942A1 - Fil d'acier pour ressort - Google Patents

Fil d'acier pour ressort Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001068942A1
WO2001068942A1 PCT/EP2001/002267 EP0102267W WO0168942A1 WO 2001068942 A1 WO2001068942 A1 WO 2001068942A1 EP 0102267 W EP0102267 W EP 0102267W WO 0168942 A1 WO0168942 A1 WO 0168942A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire
spring
metallic coating
hardened
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2001/002267
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ludo Adriaensen
Frank De Bruyne
Hans Timmerman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bekaert NV SA
Original Assignee
Bekaert NV SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bekaert NV SA filed Critical Bekaert NV SA
Priority to AU2001239276A priority Critical patent/AU2001239276A1/en
Publication of WO2001068942A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001068942A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0607—Wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
    • C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to hardened, tempered spring wire and to a method of manufacturing such spring wire
  • Oil-hardened steel wire is widely used in the spring industry
  • the oil-hardened steel wires are coiled and subsequently, the springs are stress-relieved at a temperature of about 400 to 450 °C
  • the springs are subjected to a shot-peening treatment in order to create compressive stresses at the surface
  • the coiled shot-peened springs are again stress-relieved at about 250 °C
  • Torsion and power springs require that a lubricant coating, such as grease or oil, is applied on the wire surface after the springs are formed in order to avoid the squeaking noise and the fretting of the springs
  • a lubricant coating such as grease or oil
  • these conventionally used lubricants do not avoid the squeaking noise and the fretting to a satisfactory degree
  • Other lubricant coatings such as teflon show better anti-squeakmg characteristics but have the drawback that they are expensive Because of the fretting, fractures of the spring wire are frequently observed Summary of the invention.
  • a spring steel wire comprises a steel core and a metallic coating applied on said steel core
  • the steel core has a martensitic structure and the metallic coating comprises copper
  • the steel core is preferably a hardened, tempered steel wire
  • the metallic coating is a copper layer
  • the metallic coating comprises copper alloys such as a Cu-Zn, a Cu-Sn alloy or a Cu-Zn-Sn alloy
  • a preferred method to apply the metallic coating on the steel core is by electrolysis
  • the thickness of the coating according to the invention is higher than 0 5 g/m 2 , preferably the thickness of the coating is higher than 1 g/m 2 , and more preferably the thickness is higher than 5 g/m 2 , for example 10 g/m 2 or 20 g/m 2
  • the hardened tempered spring wire according to the present invention may be used for the manufacturing of different kinds of springs, such as compression springs, torsion springs and power springs Compression springs are used to resist applied compressive forces or to store energy in the push mode
  • Torsion springs are used to apply a torque or to store rotational energy
  • Power springs also known as motor or flat coil springs, are used to store and release rotation energy in the form of a torque
  • ends of these various types of springs can be configured into hooks, loops or specially designed ends
  • Wire used for the manufacturing of springs may have different cross- sections such as round, square, rectangular, oval, half oval, half round, trapezoidal, triangular cross-sections
  • Compression springs are preferably made from round wire
  • compression springs are made from wires having a diameter ranging between 0 1 and 10 mm Torsion or power springs are preferably made from flat wire
  • This flat wire has preferably a width between 1 and 30 mm, for example between 5 and 25 mm
  • the thickness of the flat wire is preferably between 1 and 6 mm
  • the steel wire may be made of any kind of steel suitable for coiling springs, examples are steel with a high carbon content, chromium- vanadium alloyed steel, chromium-silicon alloyed steel and chromium- silicon-vanadium alloyed steel
  • a method of manufacturing spring wire comprises the steps of deforming the wire to the desired diameter and/or shape, hardening the wire, tempering the wire, applying a metallic coating comprising copper
  • the metallic coating can be applied before the deformation and the hardening of the wire
  • the metallic coating can be applied after the deformation and before the hardening of the wire
  • the metallic coating is applied after the wire is hardened and tempered
  • a preferred method comprises the following steps deforming the wire to the desired diameter and/or shape, hardening the deformed wire, - tempering the hardened wire, applying a metallic coating comprising copper
  • the metallic coating is not deformed after its application, the final thickness of the metallic coating is the same as the initial thickness of the coating
  • the deformation of the wire may comprise the drawing of the wire to the desired diameter It may also comprise the deformation of the wire into a shaped cross-section, for example by flattening or rolling the wire
  • Hardening denotes a series of steps comprising the heating of the wire at a temperature above the austenitizmg temperature for example at a temperature ranging from 850 °C to 950 °C and quenching the steel with a cooling medium, thereby forming a martensite structure
  • the cooling medium can for example be oil, water or a mixture of water with a polymer
  • a preferred hardening method is oil hardening
  • the tempering treatment is carried out at a temperature ranging from 350 to 550 °C, for example in a lead bath
  • any coating technique that results in the application of a coating layer according to this invention can be considered Such techniques are for example vapour deposition, chemical plating, melt plating, melt spraying and electroplating
  • the coating according to the invention is applied electrolytically
  • the coating layer is electrolytically applied on a tempered wire
  • a hydrogen effusion treatment is carried out in order to prevent hydrogen embrittlement
  • This is preferably carried out in a non-oxidising or reducing environment Hydrogen embrittlement has to be avoided, since it causes fractures during the coiling process
  • spring wire according to the present invention can be used for the manufacturing of different kinds of springs
  • a spring wire coated with a metallic layer according to the present invention shows good lubrication properties
  • the metallic layer offers the wire a good coilabihty without applying any additional lubricant such as mineral or synthetic oil This is in particular important for the manufacturing of compression springs
  • the spring wire according to the invention allows it to manufacture high- quality springs with uniform shape
  • the metallic coating comprising copper functions as friction reducing layer and reduces the squeaking noise of the springs
  • a method of reducing the risk of chimney fire during the formation of a compression spring comprises the steps of a providing a hardened and tempered wire, preferably a round wire, b coating said hardened and tempered wire with a metallic coating comprising copper, c forming the coated wire into a spring, whereby said metallic coating is functioning as a lubricant and no other additional lubricant is used
  • the metallic coating layer may withstand the spring annealing temperature The risk of causing fire during the annealing step to remove compressive stresses after coiling is thus avoided
  • a method of reducing the squeaking noise of a torsion or power spring comprises the following steps a providing a hardened and tempered wire, preferably a flat wire, b coating said hardened and tempered wire with a metallic coating comprising copper, c forming said coated wire into a spring, whereby said metallic coating is functioning as a friction reducing layer
  • the spring wire according to the invention does not require an additional treatment, such as the application of teflon after coiling
  • any metallic coating which may withstand the temperature applied during the coiling and annealing process may be applied on the spring wire
  • a wire rod with a carbon content of 0 55 %, further comprising chromium and silicon is drawn to a diameter of 2 to 4 mm
  • the wire is heated at a temperature ranging from 850 °C to 950 °C, and is subsequently quenched in an oil bath
  • the thus obtained wire has a martensitic structure and is tempered at a temperature between 350 °C and 550°C
  • the hardened, tempered wire is then plated in a CuS0 4 bath with a copper layer
  • the thickness of the coating is between 10 and 20 g/m 2
  • a compression spring is formed by coiling the hardened, tempered and coated steel wire Subsequently, the coils are stress-relieved at a temperature of about 400 to 450 °C
  • a spring wire according to the invention more particularly a chromium- silicon spring wire coated with a copper layer has been compared with a conventional chromium-silicon spring wire coated with a phosphate layer and an additional oil-like lubricant
  • the average moving range (AMR) of the spring length variation can be considered as a parameter for determining the coilabihty of the wire.
  • a spring wire according to the invention shows a coiling behavior comparable to a conventional spring wire with a phosphate coating and additionally an oil- hke lubricant
  • a hard rolled flat steel wire of the type 12 mm x 3 mm is hardened and tempered Subsequently, a copper layer is applied electrolytically To avoid hydrogen embrittlement, the wire is subjected to a heat treatment
  • the spring wire is wound to form a power spring
  • the copper layer is functioning as a friction reducing layer

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un fil pour ressort, doté d'une âme en acier à structure martensitique, recouverte d'un revêtement métallique comprenant du cuivre, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication dudit fil à ressort. Ledit fil présente une bonne aptitude au bobinage, et ses caractéristiques anticrissement et antiusure de contact des ressorts sont améliorées.
PCT/EP2001/002267 2000-03-16 2001-02-28 Fil d'acier pour ressort Ceased WO2001068942A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001239276A AU2001239276A1 (en) 2000-03-16 2001-02-28 Spring steel wire

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00200931 2000-03-16
EP00200931.4 2000-03-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001068942A1 true WO2001068942A1 (fr) 2001-09-20

Family

ID=8171199

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2001/002267 Ceased WO2001068942A1 (fr) 2000-03-16 2001-02-28 Fil d'acier pour ressort

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001239276A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001068942A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104278306A (zh) * 2014-09-26 2015-01-14 无锡市天力五金弹簧厂 一种弹簧表面处理工艺
US20150114783A1 (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 Borgwarner Inc. Freewheel and freewheel arrangement
CN108138276A (zh) * 2015-10-09 2018-06-08 江阴贝卡尔特钢丝制品有限公司 具有用于耐腐蚀的金属涂层的细长钢丝
CN115181971A (zh) * 2017-03-31 2022-10-14 Ｊｘ金属株式会社 铜或铜合金板条和往复线圈及其制造方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4810593A (en) * 1985-10-11 1989-03-07 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. High-strength conductors and process for manufacturing same
JPH01142027A (ja) * 1987-11-30 1989-06-02 Nhk Spring Co Ltd 高強度ばね材料の製造方法および製造装置
EP0330752B1 (fr) * 1988-02-29 1994-03-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Fil très fin ayant une résistance très élevée et matériaux de renforcement et matériaux composites contenant ce fil
EP0571521B1 (fr) * 1991-02-14 1995-06-28 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie Fil metallique comportant un substrat en acier ayant une structure de type martensite revenue ecrouie, et un revetement
JPH10299803A (ja) * 1997-04-22 1998-11-13 Kobe Steel Ltd 耐環境脆性の良好な高強度ばね
JPH11302817A (ja) * 1998-04-24 1999-11-02 Totoku Electric Co Ltd 高導電型サスペンションワイヤ

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4810593A (en) * 1985-10-11 1989-03-07 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. High-strength conductors and process for manufacturing same
JPH01142027A (ja) * 1987-11-30 1989-06-02 Nhk Spring Co Ltd 高強度ばね材料の製造方法および製造装置
EP0330752B1 (fr) * 1988-02-29 1994-03-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Fil très fin ayant une résistance très élevée et matériaux de renforcement et matériaux composites contenant ce fil
EP0571521B1 (fr) * 1991-02-14 1995-06-28 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin-Michelin & Cie Fil metallique comportant un substrat en acier ayant une structure de type martensite revenue ecrouie, et un revetement
JPH10299803A (ja) * 1997-04-22 1998-11-13 Kobe Steel Ltd 耐環境脆性の良好な高強度ばね
JPH11302817A (ja) * 1998-04-24 1999-11-02 Totoku Electric Co Ltd 高導電型サスペンションワイヤ

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 399 (C - 632) 5 September 1989 (1989-09-05) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 02 26 February 1999 (1999-02-26) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 02 29 February 2000 (2000-02-29) *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150114783A1 (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 Borgwarner Inc. Freewheel and freewheel arrangement
US9624989B2 (en) * 2013-10-24 2017-04-18 Borgwarner Inc. Freewheel and freewheel arrangement
CN104278306A (zh) * 2014-09-26 2015-01-14 无锡市天力五金弹簧厂 一种弹簧表面处理工艺
CN108138276A (zh) * 2015-10-09 2018-06-08 江阴贝卡尔特钢丝制品有限公司 具有用于耐腐蚀的金属涂层的细长钢丝
EP3359703A4 (fr) * 2015-10-09 2019-05-15 NV Bekaert SA Fil d'acier allongé à revêtement métallique pour résistance à la corrosion
CN108138276B (zh) * 2015-10-09 2021-05-25 江阴贝卡尔特钢丝制品有限公司 具有用于耐腐蚀的金属涂层的细长钢丝
CN115181971A (zh) * 2017-03-31 2022-10-14 Ｊｘ金属株式会社 铜或铜合金板条和往复线圈及其制造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001239276A1 (en) 2001-09-24

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