WO2002070552A2 - POLYPEPTIDE EINES HDM2-PROTEIN SPEZIFISCHEN MURINEN Α/β T-ZELL REZEPTORS, DIESE KODIERENDE NUKLEINSÜREN UND DEREN VERWENDUNG - Google Patents
POLYPEPTIDE EINES HDM2-PROTEIN SPEZIFISCHEN MURINEN Α/β T-ZELL REZEPTORS, DIESE KODIERENDE NUKLEINSÜREN UND DEREN VERWENDUNG Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70503—Immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K14/7051—T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the invention relates to polypeptides of the murine ⁇ / ⁇ T cell receptor which mediates an hdm2 protein-specific T-cell response, these nucleic acids coding therefor and their use in the therapy, diagnosis and / or prevention of diseases associated with the hdm2 protein.
- T lymphocytes The characteristic T cell line marker is the T cell antigen receptor (TZR).
- TCR T cell antigen receptor
- the ⁇ / ß-TZR is the most important functionally, because it is expressed in over 95% of all T cells and mediates the supporting immune response.
- ⁇ / ⁇ -T cells can be divided into two different overlapping populations: a subgroup that carries the CD4 marker and mainly supports the immune response (T H ) and a subgroup that carries the CD8 marker and essentially cytotopic xic is (Tc).
- CD8 + T cells recognize antigens in association with MHC class I molecules. Such antigens can include tumor-specific or tumor-associated peptide antigens. After recognition of the peptide antigens, the cell in question is killed by the T cell lysing the target cell and / or inducing apoptosis of these target cells or releasing cytokines (eg IL-2, IFN- ⁇ ).
- cytokines eg IL-2, IFN- ⁇
- TAA tumor-associated peptide antigens
- mdm2 human homologue of the "mouse double minute 2" proto-antigen
- hdm2 human mdm2
- haematological neoplasms malignant haematological system diseases
- Oligopeptides of the hdm2 protein can be presented in the context of MHC class I molecules on the cell surface and represent attractive target structures for CD8-positive T cells.
- the extent of the T cell response runs in a defined kinetic window (Kersh et al., 1998).
- T cell receptors The prerequisite for the development of immunotherapeutic methods for the treatment of malignant tumor diseases is the identification of oncoprotein-specific T cell receptors.
- T cell receptors T cells with antigen specificity in general and tumor reactivity in particular can be provided under certain conditions with the aim that the T cells bring about the remission and eradication of a specific tumor.
- Methods described for identifying high-affinity peptide-specific TCRs include the “phage” or “yeast display” methodology (Holler et al., 1999) or a tetramer-dependent “TCR display” methodology (Kessels et al. , 2000).
- WO 97/32603 generally describes a method for the production of recombinant T lymphocytes that express specific T cell receptors directed against tumor tissue, whereby an HLA transgenic mouse (in this case HLA-A2) is immunized with tumor-associated antigen, so as to cause the production of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the specific Express T-cell receptors on their surface:
- Tumor-associated antigens are peptides of various genes, such as Her-2 / neu, Ras, p53, tyrosinase, MART, gplOO, MAGE, BAGE and MUC-1 b esch rubbed.
- the nucleotide sequence which contains at least one variable region of the ⁇ and ⁇ chain of the corresponding non-human T cell receptor is then isolated and used in the form of various molecular-biologically modified genetic (including “humanized”) TZR constructs describes WO 97/32603 fusion proteins of variable regions of TZR with the ⁇ region of CD3 or CD8 or CD 16, as well as the use of flexible linkers of the amino acid sequence (GGGGS) 3 .
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of making available the murine genes of the T cell receptors ⁇ -TZR and ⁇ -TZR directed against the hdm2 protein. These have the effect that cells expressing hdm2 protein are recognized by CD8-positive T cells, cytokines are released, and T cell-induced lysis and / or apoptosis of tumor or leukemia cells is brought about.
- this object is achieved by the polypeptide of the murine ⁇ / ⁇ T cell receptor mediating an hdm2 protein-specific T cell response according to SEQ ID No. 1 or SEQ ID No. 2 or functional variants or parts thereof or nucleic acids encoding them, functional variants or parts of them solved.
- the genes were introduced as wild type (WT) or modified constructs retrovirally into human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the HLA-restricted antigen recognition was functionally checked by CD8-mediated cytotoxic lysis of various cell lines in the 51 chromium release test.
- the genes of the hdm2-specific TZR according to the invention do not belong to the hitherto known suitable targets for the diagnosis - such as the indication - and / or the treatment - such as the modulation - of diseases related to hdm2 protein or for the identification of pharmacologically active substances, so that completely new therapeutic approaches result from this invention.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a fusion protein comprising the polypeptide according to the invention or functional variants or parts thereof or nucleic acids encoding it, functional variants or parts thereof.
- the fusion protein can be characterized in that it comprises the ⁇ region of CD3 or CD8 or CD 16 or parts thereof, in particular the ⁇ region of human CD3 or CD8 or CD 16 or parts thereof.
- a fusion protein according to the invention which comprises a flexible linker (Whitlow et al., "An improved linker for single-chain Fv with reduced aggregation and enhanced proteolytic stability", Prot. Engin. 6 (8), pp. 989-995, 1993), in particular a linker of the amino acid sequence (GGGGS) 3.
- the fusion protein according to the invention can comprise the ⁇ chain of the CD3 complex or ITAM motifs of the ⁇ chain or parts thereof, in particular the ⁇ chain of human CD3 or parts thereof
- the fusion protein can further be characterized in that it comprises CD8 ⁇ or the Lck binding motif of CD8 ⁇ or parts thereof, in particular human CD8 ⁇ .
- the fusion protein according to the invention can furthermore be a chimeric partially or completely humanized ⁇ and / or ⁇ TZR chain, in particular according to SEQ ID No. 3 or SEQ ID No. 4.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a fusion protein in which it is a single chain T-cell receptor, in particular according to SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 6.
- the fusion protein according to the invention can also be characterized in that it is an ⁇ / ⁇ -TCR linked to other functional components acts, in particular according to SEQ ID No. 7 or SEQ ID No. 8.
- Another object of the invention is a method for producing a fusion protein according to the invention for the diagnosis and / or treatment of diseases associated with hdm2 protein or for the identification of pharmacologically active substances, e.g. in a suitable host cell in which a nucleic acid according to the invention is used.
- Fusion proteins are produced here which contain the polypeptides according to the invention described above, the fusion proteins themselves already having the function of a polypeptide of the invention or the specific one only after the fusion portion has been split off Function is active. Above all, this includes fusion proteins with a proportion of approximately 1-200, preferably approximately 1-150, in particular approximately 1-100, especially approximately 1-50 foreign amino acids. Examples of such peptide sequences are prokaryotic peptide sequences which e.g. B. can be derived from the galactosidase of E. coli. Furthermore, viral peptide sequences, such as, for example, from bacteriophage Ml 3, can also be used in order to generate fusion proteins for the "phage display" method known to the person skilled in the art.
- a further polypeptide can be added to purify the proteins according to the invention.
- Protein tags according to the invention allow, for example, high affinity absorption to a matrix, stringent washing with suitable buffers without eluting the complex to any appreciable extent, and then targeted elution of the absorbed complex.
- Examples of the protein tags known to the person skilled in the art are a (His) 6 tag, a Myc tag, a FLAG tag, a Strep tag, a Strep tag II, a hemagglutinin tag, glutathione transferase (GST) - tag, intein with an affinity chitin binding tag or maltose binding protein (MBP) tag.
- These protein tags can be located at the N-, C-terminal and / or internally.
- all of the polypeptides according to the invention or parts thereof may have been produced under cell-free conditions, e.g. B. by synthesis or by in v tro translation.
- all or part of the polypeptide can be synthesized using classic synthesis (Merrifield technique).
- Parts of the polypeptides according to the invention are particularly suitable for obtaining antisera, with the aid of which suitable gene expression banks can be searched in order to arrive at further functional variants of the polypeptide according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to polypeptides which are derivatives of an antibody with specificity for hdm2-81-88 peptide, in particular presented in the context of HLA-A2.1.
- the invention comprises retro-inverse peptides or pseudopeptides according to the polypeptide sequence of SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 8 or functional variants or parts thereof. These peptides have -NH-CO bonds instead of the -CO-NH peptide bonds.
- a nucleic acid according to the invention which comprises a DNA, RNA, PNA (peptide nucleic acid) or p-NA (pyranosyl nucleic acid).
- the nucleic acid can be characterized in that the sequence of the nucleic acid has at least one intron and / or a polyA sequence. It can also be in the form of its antisense sequence.
- a double-stranded DNA is generally preferred for the expression of the gene in question, the DNA region coding for the polypeptide being particularly preferred.
- This area begins with the first start codon (ATG) lying in a Kozak consensus sequence (Kozak, 1987, Nucleic. Acids Res. 15: 8125-48) until the next stop codon (TAG, TGA or TAA), the is in the same reading frame as the ATG.
- ATG first start codon
- TGA Nucleic. Acids Res. 15: 8125-48
- TAA next stop codon
- Another use of the nucleic acid sequences according to the invention is the construction of anti-sense oligonucleotides (Zheng and Kemeny, 1995, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 100: 380-2) and / or ribozymes (Amarzguioui, et al. 1998, Cell. Mol Life Sci.
- oligonucleotides With anti-sense oligonucleotides, the stability of the nucleic acid according to the invention can be reduced and / or the translation of the nucleic acid according to the invention can be inhibited. For example, the expression of the corresponding genes in cells can be reduced both in vivo and in vitro. Oligonucleotides can therefore be used as therapeutic agents.
- This strategy is also suitable, for example, for skin, epidermal and dermal cells, in particular if the antisense oligonucleotides are complexed with liposomes (Smyth et al., 1997, J. Invest. Dermatol. 108: 523-6; White et al. , 1999, J. Invest. Dermatol. 112: 699-705).
- a single-stranded DNA or RNA is preferred for use as a probe or as an "antisense" oligonucleotide.
- nucleic acid according to the invention can be chemically determined using the protein sequences described in SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 8 using the genetic code z. B. can be synthesized by the phosphotriester method (see, for example, Uhlmann, E. & Peyman, A. (1990) Chemical Revievs, 90, 543-584).
- oligonucleotides are rapidly degraded by endo- or exonucleases, in particular by DNases and RNases occurring in the cell. It is therefore advantageous to modify the nucleic acid in order to stabilize it against degradation so that a high concentration of the nucleic acid is maintained in the cell over a long period of time (WO 95/11910; Macadam et al., 1998, WO 98 / 37240; Reese et al., 1997, WO 97/29116). Typically, such stabilization can be obtained by introducing one or more internucleotide phosphor groups or by introducing one or more non-phosphor internucleotides.
- Suitable modified internucleotides are summarized in Uhlmann and Peymann (1990 Chem. Rev. 90, 544) (WO 95/11910; Macadam et al., 1998, WO 98/37240; Reese et al., 1997, WO 97/29116).
- Modified internucleotide phosphate residues and / or non-phosphorus bridges in a nucleic acid which can be used in one of the uses according to the invention contain, for example, methylphosphonate, phosphorothioate, phosphoramidate, phosphorodithioate, phosphate ester, while non-phosphorus internucleotide analogs, for example siloxane bridges, carbonate bridges , Carboxymethyl ester, acetamidate bridges and / or thioether bridges. It is also intended that this modification improve the shelf life of a pharmaceutical composition that can be used in one of the uses of the invention.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a vector, preferably in the form of a plasmid, shuttle vector, phagemid, cosmid, expression vector, adenoviral vector, retroviral vector (Miller, et al. "Improved retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression", BioTechniques Vol. 7, No. 9, p 980, 1989) and / or gene therapy-effective vector which contains a nucleic acid according to the invention.
- a vector preferably in the form of a plasmid, shuttle vector, phagemid, cosmid, expression vector, adenoviral vector, retroviral vector (Miller, et al. "Improved retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression", BioTechniques Vol. 7, No. 9, p 980, 1989) and / or gene therapy-effective vector which contains a nucleic acid according to the invention.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention can preferably be contained in a vector in an expression vector or a gene therapy vector.
- the gene-therapeutic vector T cell preferably contains specific regulatory sequences which are functionally linked to the nucleic acid according to the invention.
- the expression vectors can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression vectors. Examples of prokaryotic expression vectors for expression in E. coli are, for example, the vectors pGEM or pUC derivatives and for eukaryotic expression vectors for expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae z. B. the vectors p426Met25 or p426GALl (Mumberg et al. (1994) Nucl.
- Bac lovirus vectors as disclosed in EP-B1-0 127 839 or EP-B1-0 549 721, and for expression in mammalian cells z.
- the expression vectors also contain suitable promoters for the respective host cell, e.g. B. the trp promoter for expression in E. coli (see e.g. EP-B1-0 154 133), the Met 25, GAL 1 or ADH2 promoter for expression in yeasts (Radorel et al. (1983 ), J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2674-2682; Mumberg, supra), the baculovirus polyhedrin promoter for expression in insect cells (see, for example, 13. EP-B1-0 127 839).
- promoters are suitable for expression in mammalian cells, which allow constitutive, regulatable, tissue-specific, cell cycle-specific or metabolically specific expression in eukaryotic cells.
- Controllable elements according to the present invention are promoters, activator sequences, enhancers, silencers and / or repressor sequences.
- suitable regulatable elements which enable constitutive expression in eukaryotes are promoters which are recognized by the RNA polymerase III or viral promoters, CMV enhancers, CMV promoters, CMV-LTR hybrids, SV40 promoters or LTR promoters, e.g. B. from MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus; Lee et al. (1981) Nature 214, 228-232) and other viral promoter and activator sequences derived from, for example, HBV, HCV, HSV, HPV, EBV, HTLV or HIV.
- regulatable element which enables regulatable expression in eukaryotes is the tetracycline operator in combination with a corresponding repressor (Gossen M. et al. (1994) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 5, 516-20).
- regulatable elements which enable cell cycle-specific expression in eukaryotes are promoters of the following genes: cdc25, cyclin A, cyclin E, cdc2, E2F, B-myb or DHFR (Zwicker J. and Müller R. (1997) Trends Genet. 13, 3-6).
- regulatable elements which enable metabolically specific expression in eukaryotes are promoters which are regulated by hypoxia, by glucose deficiency, by phosphate concentration or by heat shock.
- the vector of the invention can be used to transfect a host cell, which is preferably a T cell.
- a host cell is particularly preferred which is characterized in that it expresses a polypeptide or fusion protein according to the invention on its surface.
- the nucleic acid can be present as a plasmid, as part of a viral or non-viral vector or particle.
- viral vectors or particles baculoviruses, vaccinia viruses, retroviruses, adenoviruses, adenoas-associated viruses and herpes viruses.
- non-viral carriers virosomes, liposomes, cationic lipids or poly-lysine-conjugated DNA.
- virus vectors for example adevirus vectors or retroviral vectors (Lindemann et al., 1997, Mol. Med. 3: 466-76; Springer et al., 1998, Mol. Cell. 2: 549-58; Weijtens et al. "A retroviral vector system, 'STITCH'; in combination with an optimized single chain antibody chimeric receptor gene structure allows efficient gene transduction and expression in human T-lymphocytes", Gene Therapy (1998) 5,1995-1203) ,
- a preferred mechanism for expression of the polypeptides according to the invention in vivo is viral gene transfer, in particular with the aid of retroviral particles. These are preferably used to provide corresponding target cells, preferably T-lymphocytes, of the patient ex vivo with the genes or nucleotide sequences coding for the inventive polypeptides by transduction. The target cells can then be reinfused into the patient in the sense of an adoptive cell transfer in order to take over tumorizide and / or immunomodulating effector functions with the de novo inserted specificity.
- the viral vectors frequently used for the transfer of genes are predominantly retroviral, lentiviral, adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors. These are circular nucleotide sequences derived from natural viruses, in which at least the viral structural protein-encoding genes are exchanged for the construct to be transferred.
- Retroviral vector systems create the prerequisites for long-term expression of the transgene through the stable but non-directional integration into the host genome. Younger generation vectors have no irrelevant and potentially immunogenic proteins, furthermore there is no pre-existing immunity of the recipient against the vector.
- Retroviruses contain an RNA genome that is packaged in a lipid shell that consists of parts of the host cell membrane and virus proteins. To express viral genes, the RNA genome is reverse transcribed and integrated with the enzyme integrase in the target cell DNA. This can then be transcribed and translated by the infected cell, creating viral components that combine to form retroviruses. RNS is only then inserted into the newly created viruses.
- the retrovirus genome has three essential genes: gag, which codes for viral structural proteins, so-called group-specific antigens, pol for enzymes such as reverse transcriptase and integrase, and env for the envelope protein, which is responsible for the binding of the host-specific receptor.
- gag codes for viral structural proteins
- group-specific antigens pol for enzymes such as reverse transcriptase and integrase
- env for the envelope protein, which is responsible for the binding of the host-specific receptor.
- packaging cell lines which have been additionally equipped with the gag / pol-coding genes and express them "in trans” and thus complement the formation of replication-incompetent (ie gag / pol-deleted) transgenic virus particles.
- An alternative is the cotransfection of the essential virus genes, whereby only the vector containing the transgene carries the packaging signal.
- the separation of these genes on the one hand enables any combination of the gal / pol reading frame with e «v reading frames obtained from different strains, which results in pseudotypes with changed host tropism, and on the other hand the formation replication-competent viruses within packaging cells can be drastically reduced.
- the coat protein derived from "gibbon ape leukemia virus” (GALV), which is used in the "stitch” or “bullet” vector system, is able to transduce human cells and is established in the packaging cell line PG13 with an amphotropic host region (Miller et al., 1991)
- the security is increased by selective deletion of non-essential virus sequences to prevent homologous recombination and thus the production of replication-competent particles.
- New, non-viral vectors consist of autonomous, self-integrating DNA sequences, the transposons, which are e.g. liposomal transfection were introduced into the host cell and were successfully used for the first time to express human transgenes in mammalian cells (Yant et al., 2000).
- Vectors with gene therapy effects can also be obtained by complexing the nucleic acid according to the invention with liposomes, since a very high transfection efficiency, in particular of skin cells, can be achieved with this (Alexander and Akhurst, 1995, Hum. Mol. Genet. 4: 2279 -85).
- Excipients that increase the transfer of nucleic acids into the cell can be, for example, proteins or peptides that are bound to DNA or synthetic peptide-DNA molecules that enable the transport of the nucleic acid into the nucleus of the cell (Schwartz et al. ( 1999) Gene Therapy 6, 282; Branden et al. (1999) Nature Biotech. 17, 784).
- Auxiliaries also include molecules that enable the release of nucleic acids into the cytoplasm of the cell (Planck et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 12918; Kichler et al. (1997) Bioconj. Chem. 8, 213) or for example liposomes (Uhlmann and Peymann (1990) supra).
- Another particularly suitable form of gene therapy vectors can be obtained by applying the nucleic acid according to the invention to gold particles and shooting them into tissue, preferably into the skin, or cells using the so-called “gene gun” (Wang et al., 1999, J. Invest. Dermatol., 112: 775-81).
- the part of the nucleic acid which codes for the polypeptide has one or more non-coding sequences including intron sequences, preferably between the promoter and the start codon of the polypeptide, and / or a polyA sequence , in particular the naturally occurring polyA sequence or an SV40 virus polyA sequence, especially at the 3 'end of the gene, since this can stabilize the mRNA (Jackson, RJ (1993) Cell 74, 9-14 and Palmiter, RD et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 478-482).
- Another object of the present invention is a host cell, in particular a T cell, which is transformed with a vector according to the invention or another gene construct according to the invention.
- Host cells can be both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, examples of prokaryotic host cells are E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae or insect cells for eukaryotic cells.
- a particularly preferred transformed host cell is a transgenic T precursor cell or a stem cell, which is characterized in that it comprises a gene construct according to the invention or an expression cassette according to the invention.
- Methods for transforming or transducing host cells and / or stem cells are well known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, electroporation or microinjection.
- a particularly preferred transformed host cell is a patient's own T cell which, after removal, is transfected with a gene construct according to the invention.
- Host cells according to the invention can in particular be obtained by removing one or more cells, preferably T cells, in particular CD8 + T cells, from the patient, which are then transfected or transduced ex vivo with one or more genetic constructs according to the invention in order to to obtain host cells according to the invention.
- the specific T cells generated ex vivo can then be re-implanted in the patient.
- the process is thus similar to that in Darcy et al. ("Redirected perforin-dependent lysis of colon carcinoma by ex vivo genetically engineered CTL" J. Immunol., 2000. 164: 3705-3712) described methods using scFv anti-CEA receptor transduced ZTL, perforin and ⁇ -IFN.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for identifying hdm2 protein-specific antigens, which is characterized in that hdm2-presenting tumor cells or fractions thereof are brought together with a host cell according to the invention under conditions in which the tumor cells or fractions thereof are only lysed when the tumor presents the hdm2 protein-specific antigen for which the expressed polypeptide or fusion protein is specific.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing an antibody, preferably a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody for diagnosing and monitoring diseases associated with hdm2 protein or for identifying pharmacologically active substances, in which an antibody-producing organism with a polypeptide according to the invention or functional equivalents thereof or parts thereof are immunized with at least 6 amino acids, preferably with at least 8 amino acids, in particular with at least 12 amino acids, or are vaccinated with a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide according to the invention.
- the method is carried out according to methods generally known to the person skilled in the art by immunizing a mammal, for example a rabbit, with the polypeptide according to the invention or the parts thereof, optionally in the presence of e.g. B. incomplete Freund's adjuvant and / or aluminum hydroxide gels (see e.g. Diamond, B.A. et al. (1981) The New England Journal of Medicine, 1344-1349).
- B. incomplete Freund's adjuvant and / or aluminum hydroxide gels see e.g. Diamond, B.A. et al. (1981) The New England Journal of Medicine, 1344-1349.
- the polyclonal antibodies produced in the animal due to an immunological reaction can then be easily isolated from the blood by generally known methods and z. B. clean over column chromatography.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be produced, for example, by the known method from Winter & Milstein (Winter, G. & Milstein, C. (1991) Nature, 349, 293-299
- Another object of the present invention is an antibody for the diagnosis and / or treatment of diseases associated with hdm2 protein or for the identification of pharmacologically active substances, which is directed against a polypeptide according to the invention and reacts specifically with the polypeptides according to the invention, the above-mentioned parts of the polypeptide are either themselves immunogenic or by coupling to suitable carriers, such as. B. bovine serum albumin can be increased in their immunogenicity.
- This antibody is either polyclonal or monoclonal, a monoclonal antibody is preferred.
- the term antibody also means genetically engineered and, where appropriate, modified antibodies or antigen-binding parts thereof, such as, for example, chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, multifunctional antibodies, monovalent or oligovalent antibodies, bi- or oligo-specific antibodies, Single-stranded antibodies, F (ab) or F (ab) 2 fragments (see, for example, EP-B1-0 368 684, US 4,816,567, US 4,816,397, WO 88/01649, WO 93/06213, WO 98/24884).
- the antibodies of the invention can be used to diagnose and / or treat with hdm2 protein associated diseases or for the identification of pharmacologically active substances.
- the present invention further relates to a method for producing a medicament for the treatment of diseases associated with hdm2 protein, characterized in that at least one nucleic acid, at least one polypeptide, at least one host cell or at least one antibody according to one of the preceding claims together with suitable additional and auxiliary materials is combined.
- the present invention further relates to a medicament produced by this method for the treatment of diseases associated with hdm2 protein which contains at least one nucleic acid, at least one polypeptide or at least one antibody according to the present invention, optionally together with suitable additives and auxiliaries.
- the invention further relates to the use of this medicament for the treatment of diseases associated with hdm2 protein.
- the therapy of diseases associated with hdm2 protein can be carried out in a conventional manner, for example by infusions or injections, which contain the medicaments according to the invention.
- the medicaments according to the invention can furthermore optionally be administered in the form of liposome complexes or gold particle complexes.
- Treatment by means of the medicaments according to the invention can, however, also take place via oral dosage forms, such as tablets or capsules, via the mucous membranes, for example the nose or the oral cavity, or in the form of disposers implanted under the skin.
- TTS are known for example from EP 0 944 398 AI, EP 0 916 336 AI, EP 0 889 723 AI or EP 0 852 493 AI.
- the (poly) peptides according to the invention and their derivatives can also be used for the active and / or passive immunization of patients with diseases, in particular tumor diseases, which are associated with hdm2, in order to achieve the induction, generation and increase of hdm-specific ZTL and specifically kill the tumor and leukemia cells of the patients concerned.
- diseases include, for example, solid tumor diseases, lymphohematopoietic neoplasms, malignant hematological diseases, also in the form of multiple myeloma (or plastocytoma), histiocytic lymphoma and a CML blast spurt.
- one or more cells are removed from the patient and are then transduced or transfected ex vivo with one or more genetic constructs according to the invention.
- the specific T cells generated ex vivo can then be re-implanted in the patient.
- the process is thus similar to that in Darcy et al. ("Redirected perforin-dependent lysis of colon carcinoma by ex vivo genetically engineered CTL" J. Immunol., 2000, 164: 3705-3712) described immunotherapeutic methods in colon carcinomas using scFv anti-CEA receptor-transduced CTL, perforin and ⁇ -IFN.
- the present invention further relates to a method for producing a test for finding functional interactors in connection with diseases associated with hdm2 protein, which is characterized in that at least one nucleic acid, at least one polypeptide or at least one antibody according to the invention together with suitable additives and Auxiliary materials are combined.
- the term "functional interactors" within the meaning of the present invention is to be understood as meaning all those molecules, compounds and / or compositions and substance mixtures which are suitable for use with the nucleic acids, polypeptides or antibodies according to the invention, optionally together with suitable additives and auxiliaries Can interact.
- Possible interactors are simple chemical organic or inorganic molecules or compounds, but can also include peptides, proteins or complexes thereof.
- the functional interactors can influence the function (s) of the nucleic acids, polypeptides or antibodies in vivo or in vitro or can only bind to the nucleic acids, polypeptides or antibodies according to the invention or have other interactions with them covalently or non-covalently.
- the invention further comprises a test according to the invention for identifying functional interactors in connection with diseases associated with hdm2 protein, which contains at least one nucleic acid, at least one polypeptide or at least one antibody according to the present invention, optionally together with suitable additives and auxiliaries.
- a test according to the invention for identifying functional interactors in connection with diseases associated with hdm2 protein, which contains at least one nucleic acid, at least one polypeptide or at least one antibody according to the present invention, optionally together with suitable additives and auxiliaries.
- the pathological behavior of the cells can be mimicked in vitro and substances can be sought that match normal behavior restore the cells and have therapeutic potential.
- this test system can be used for the screening of substances which inhibit an interaction between the polypeptide according to the invention and a functional interactor.
- the present invention also relates to a medicament for the indication and therapy of diseases associated with hdm2 protein, which contains a nucleic acid or a polypeptide according to the invention and, if appropriate, suitable additives or auxiliaries, and a method for producing such a medicament for the treatment of hdm2 protein-associated diseases, in which a nucleic acid or a polypeptide according to the invention is formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- Suitable therapeutic agents and / or prophylactic agents are in particular vaccines, recombinant particles or injections or infusion solutions which contain as active ingredient (a) the TCR receptor according to the invention polypeptide and / or its derivatives and / or (b) a nucleic acid according to the invention and / or ( c) T lymphocytes produced in vitro or ex vivo, which contain a TZR specifically directed against hdm2.
- a drug and / or recombinant particle which contains the nucleic acid according to the invention in naked form or in the form of one of the gene therapy-active vectors described above or in a form complexed with liposomes or gold particles is particularly suitable for gene therapy use in humans.
- the pharmaceutical carrier is, for example, a physiological buffer solution, preferably with a pH of approximately 6.0-8.0, preferably approximately 6.8-7.8. In particular of approximately 7.4 and / or an osmolarity of approximately 200-400 milliosmol / liter, preferably of approximately 290-310 milliosmol / liter.
- the pharmaceutical carrier can contain suitable stabilizers, such as e.g. B. nuclease inhibitors, preferably complexing agents such as EDTA and / or other auxiliaries known to those skilled in the art.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a polypeptide for the diagnosis and / or treatment of diseases associated with hdm2 protein or for the identification of pharmacologically active substances in a suitable host cell, which is characterized in that a nucleic acid according to the invention is appropriately expressed.
- the polypeptide is thus produced, for example, by expression of the nucleic acid according to the invention in a suitable expression system, as already described above, using methods which are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
- Suitable host cells are, for example, the E. coli strains DHS, HB101 or BL21, the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, insect cell lines, eg. B. from Spodoptera frugiperda, or the animal cells COS, Vero, 293, HaCaT, and HeLa, all of which are commonly available.
- a diagnostic agent according to the invention for monitoring therapy contains the polypeptide according to the invention or the immunologically active parts thereof described in more detail above.
- the polypeptide or parts thereof which are preferably attached to a solid phase, e.g. B. from nitrocellulose or nylon, can for example with the body fluid to be examined, for. As blood, are brought into contact in vitro in order to be able to react with autoimmune antibodies, for example.
- the antibody-peptide complex can then be detected, for example, using labeled anti-human IgG or anti-human IgM antibodies.
- the label is, for example, an enzyme, such as peroxidase, that catalyzes a color reaction. The presence and the amount of autoimmune antibodies present can thus be easily and quickly detected via the color reaction.
- Another diagnostic agent for therapy monitoring contains the antibodies according to the invention themselves.
- a tissue sample can be easily and quickly examined to determine whether the relevant polypeptide is present in an increased amount, thereby indicating that there is an hdm2 protein to get related diseases.
- the antibodies according to the invention are labeled, for example, with an enzyme, as already described above. The specific antibody-peptide complex can thus be detected easily and just as quickly via an enzymatic color reaction.
- Another diagnostic agent according to the invention comprises a probe, preferably a DNA probe, and / or primer.
- a probe preferably a DNA probe, and / or primer.
- DNA or RNA fragments with a length of approx. 100-1000 nucleotides, preferably with a length of approx. 200-500 nucleotides, in particular with a length of approx. 300-400 nucleotides, the sequence of which from the polypeptides are suitable can be derived according to SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 8 of the sequence listing.
- the derived nucleic acid sequences can be used to synthesize oligonucleotides which are suitable as primers for a polymerase chain reaction.
- Suitable fragments are, for example, DNA fragments with a length of approx. 10-100 nucleotides, preferably with a length of approx. 15 to 50 nucleotides, in particular with a length of 20-30 nucleotides, whose sequence from the polypeptides according to SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 8 of the sequence listing.
- coding nucleic acid refers to a DNA sequence that codes for an isolatable bioactive polypeptide according to the invention or a precursor.
- the polypeptide can be encoded by a full-length sequence or any part of the coding sequence, as long as the specific, for example enzymatic, activity is retained.
- the term “functional variants” denotes all DNA sequences that are complementary to a DNA sequence that hybridize to a derived reference sequence or parts thereof, in particular the hypervariable V (D) JC region, under stringent conditions have similar or identical activity to the corresponding polypeptide according to the invention.
- Stringent hybridization conditions are to be understood as those conditions in which hybridization takes place at 60 ° C. in 2.5 ⁇ SSC buffer, followed by several washing steps at 37 ° C. in a lower buffer concentration and remains stable.
- the term “functional variants” in the sense of the present invention means polypeptides that are functionally related to the polypeptides according to the invention, ie. H. Have structural features of the polypeptides.
- Examples of functional variants are the corresponding polypeptides, which are derived from organisms other than the mouse, that is to say humans, or, preferably, from non-human mammals such as, for. B. monkeys, pigs and rats.
- Other examples of functional variants are polypeptides which are encoded by different alleles of the gene, in different individuals or in different organs of an organism.
- Functional TCR variants which recognize the identical epitope of the hdm2 polypeptide and which trigger a specific T cell response are in particular also covered by the present invention.
- this also includes polypeptides which have a sequence homology, in particular a sequence identity, of approximately 70%, preferably approximately 80%, in particular approximately 90%, in particular approximately 95% of the polypeptide with the amino acid sequence according to one of the SEQ ID No. 1 to SEQ ID No. 8 and / or to DNA sequences derived from the peptide sequences.
- sequence homology in particular a sequence identity
- these also include additions, inversions, substitutions, deletions, insertions or chemical / physical modifications and / or exchanges or parts of the polypeptide in the range from about 1-60, preferably from about 1-30, in particular from about 1-15, especially from about 1-5 amino acids.
- the first amino acid methionine may be absent without significantly changing the function of the polypeptide.
- SEQ ID No. 1 polypeptide of the wild-type mouse mouse ⁇ TZR (muv ⁇ -muc ⁇ )
- SEQ ID No. 2 polypeptide of the wild-type mouse mouse ßTZR (muvß-mucß)
- SEQ ID No. 3 polypeptide of a chimeric partially humanized TZR gene (muv ⁇ -huc ⁇ )
- SEQ ID No. 4 polypeptide of a chimeric partially humanized TZR gene (muvß-hucß)
- SEQ ID No. 5 polypeptide of a single chain TZR muv ⁇ -Li-muv ⁇ -mucß
- SEQ ID No. 6 polypeptide of a single chain TZR muvß-Li-muvß-muc ⁇
- SEQ ID No. 7 polypeptide of a double chain TZR in fusion with human CD3 ⁇ chain muv ⁇ -huc ⁇ -huCD3 ⁇ ,
- SEQ ID No. 8 polypeptide of a double chain TZR in fusion with human CD3 ⁇ chain muvß-hucß-huCD3 ⁇ ,
- SEQ. ID No. 20 Primer for_NcoI_aTCR_5b; phosphorylated at the 5 'end,
- SEQ. ID No. 22 Primer for_NcoI_bTCR_5b; phosphorylated at the 5 'end,
- SEQ. ID No. 34 Primer T7_rev, SEQ. ID No. 35 primer rev_hZeta_BamHI_4, SEQ. ID No. 36 primer rev_huca-hu_tm_Zeta, SEQ. ID No. 37 primer rev_hucb-hu_tm_Zeta, SEQ. ID no. 38: polynucleotide of the wild-type mouse ⁇ TZR gene (muv ⁇ -muc ⁇ ) from SEQ ID no.
- SEQ. ID no. 39 polynucleotide of the wild-type mouse mouse ßTZR (muvß-mucß) from SEQ ID no.
- SEQ. ID No. 40 Polynucleotide of the chimeric partially humanized TZR gene (muv ⁇ -huc ⁇ ) from SEQ ID No. 3
- SEQ. ID No. 41 Polynucleotide of the chimeric partially humanized TZR gene (muvß-hucß) from SEQ ID No. 4
- SEQ. ID No. 42 polynucleotide of the single-chain TZR muv ⁇ -Li-muvß-mucß from SEQ ID No.
- SEQ. ID no. 43 polynucleotide of the single chain TCR muvß-Li-muv ⁇ -muc ⁇ from SEQ ID no.
- SEQ. ID No. 44 polynucleotide of the double chain TZR in fusion with human CD3 ⁇ chain muv ⁇ -huc ⁇ -huCD3 ⁇ from SEQ ID No. 7; and SEQ. ID No. 45: polynucleotide of the double chain TZR in fusion with human CD3 ⁇ chain muvß-hucß-huCD3 ⁇ from SEQ ID No. 8.
- Figure 1 shows a FACS analysis (see 1.4) using a Vß6-specific FITC-labeled antibody (Pharmingen). Both the murine T cell line and the resulting clone 3 were checked.
- Anti-TCR V ⁇ 2 - FITC (BD) served as the isotype control, and the anti-pan ßTZR - FITC - antibody (BD) as positive control.
- the influenza matrix protein-specific T cell clone 58 served as a negative control.
- FIG. 2 shows a v6-specific antibody blockade of the murine T cell clone 3 in the cytotoxic 51 chromium release test (see 1.4).
- the blockade was evaluated depending on the dose.
- An anti-V ⁇ 3.2 antibody (BD) and, on the other hand, the p53 - 264-272-specific T cell clone 46 which served as a negative control served as negative control recognizing p53 peptide was cross-checked.
- the target cell was the TAP-deficient cell line T2, which was loaded exogenously with 10 "8 M peptide.
- FIG. 3 shows examples of the design of hdm2-specific constructs at the DNA level (see 2.), where muV ⁇ / ⁇ murine variable ⁇ / ⁇ gene segment; muC ⁇ / ß murine constant ⁇ / ß gene segment; huC ⁇ / ß human constant ⁇ / ß gene segment; TM: gene segment coding for transmembrane; Li: gene segment coding for (GGGGS) 3 motif and HuCD3 ⁇ human CD3 ⁇ chain gene segment. The restriction sites relevant for the cloning are indicated.
- FIG. 4 shows the same examples of the design of hdm2-specific constructs at the protein level (see 2.), where muV ⁇ / ⁇ murine variable ⁇ / ⁇ domain; muC ⁇ / ⁇ murine constant ⁇ / ⁇ domain; huC ⁇ / ß human constant ⁇ / ß domain; SP: murine wild-type signal peptide; TM: transmembrane; Li Linker with (GGGGS) motif and hu ⁇ : humane CD3 ⁇ chain with 3 consecutive IT AM motifs means. The numbers derived from the bacterial clones are given for the individual chains.
- FIG. 5 shows the polylinker of the construct muv ⁇ -Li-muvß-mucß (see 2.3).
- the polylinker was ultimately inserted into the resulting construct via Kpn I and Dra III.
- Figure 6 shows the polylinker of the construct muvß-Li-muv ⁇ -muc ⁇ (see 2.3).
- the polylinker was ultimately inserted into the resulting construct via Sca I and Bsg I.
- Figure 7 shows the fusion site of the chimeric double chain TZR in fusion to the human CD3 ⁇ chain muv ⁇ -huc ⁇ -huCD3 ⁇ (see 2.4).
- the extracytosolic cysteine which dimerizes via a disulfide bridge, is given with a position relative to the starting methionine.
- Figure 8 shows the fusion site of the chimeric double chain TZR in fusion to the human CD3 ⁇ chain muvß-hucß-huCD3 ⁇ (see 2.4).
- the extracytosolic cysteine which dimerizes via a disulfide bridge, is given with a position relative to the starting methionine.
- FIG. 9 shows the "fluorescence activated cell sorting" (FACS) analysis of the constructs described under 2.) after retroviral transduction. Examples of average transduction efficiencies for OKT3-activated PBL cultures are shown 6 days after transduction. on. These are in the range of 10-25% of the inserted CD3 + lymphocytes. A transfection / transduction approach with the empty retroviral vector pBullet served as a negative control.
- FACS fluorescence activated cell sorting
- FIG. 10 to 12 show peptide titrations (see 3.4.1) wherein T2 target cells were loaded exogenously with the hdm2-81-88 peptide in a concentration series of 1 * 10 " M to 1 * 10 " M.
- the murine T cell clone 3 hdm2-81-88 (synonym: P2) of the huCD8 x A2K b - transgenic mouse served as a reference.
- the 51 chromium release tests shown were carried out with transduced PBLs, which were enriched for vß6-directed magnetic cell sorting (Miltenyi-Biotec) to over 90% vß6 + T cells.
- nfTCR non-functional single chain T cell receptor
- FIGS. 13 to 15 show the detection of malignantly transformed Zeil lines.
- the target cells chosen were HLA-A2 + .
- the murine T cell clone 3 hdm2- 81-88 (synonym: P2) of the huCD8 x A2K b - transgenic mouse served as reference.
- the 51 chromium release tests shown were carried out with transduced PBLs which were enriched for vß6-directed magnetic cell sorting (Miltenyi-Biotec) to over 90% vß6 + T cells.
- nfTCR non-functional single chain T cell receptor
- the genes of the T cell receptors ⁇ TZR and ßTZR from a double-transgenic mouse huCD8 x A2K b were prepared, which mediate a HLA-A2.1 restricted and hdm2 protein / 81-88 peptide-specific T cell response .
- the genes obtained were retrovirally introduced as wild type (WT) or modified constructs into human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the HLA-restricted antigen recognition was functionally checked by CD8-mediated cytotoxic lysis of various cell lines in the 51 chromium release test. 1.) Obtaining the genes coding for the ⁇ and ⁇ chains of the T cell receptors 1.1) Preparation of the cytoplasmic RNA
- the cytoplasmic RNA was isolated in order to selectively separate the still unprocessed, intron-containing RNA, DNA fragments and ribosomal RNA, which are mainly located in the cell nucleus, and to achieve an enrichment of the desired "messenger" RNA.
- the protocol and materials largely correspond with small modifications to the "Rneasy Mini Kit” from QIAGEN: for one preparation, an average of 50 * 10 6 murine cells of the hdm2 / 81-88 - specific T cell clone 3 from the culture dishes of a "24- well plate "combined and washed in RPMI 1640 (Biowhittaker) serum-free.
- the cells were aliquoted under RNase-free conditions to 12.5 * 10 6 cells per incubation tube and incubated in cell membrane lysis buffer (4 ° C.-cooled) for 20 min on ice:
- the mildly solubilized and aliquoted cells were centrifuged at 300 g / 2 '(minutes) / 4 ° C and the supernatant was removed. 600 ⁇ l of a ⁇ -mercaptoethanol (MSH) -containing (1.45 mM) “RLT” buffer was added, mixed well and 430 ⁇ l of 96% ETOH were added with mixing. The solution per aliquot was placed on a silica minispin column and centrifuged for 15 "(seconds) at 10,000 rpm (revolutions per minute) in an Eppendorf table joint.
- MSH ⁇ -mercaptoethanol
- the TZR-encoding RNA had to be specifically rewritten and amplified in DNA before it could be cloned.
- the RT-PCR was used methodically, which is implemented in the "Titan One Tube RT-PCR System” kit from Röche (1888 382).
- the "one-step protocol” was chosen, in which the reverse transcription is followed by the polymerase chain reaction without further intervention.
- the enzymes used were AMV - reverse transcriptase and a mixture of Thermus Aquaticus / Pwo - thermostable polymerase ("Expand TM High fidelity" enzyme mix), which were used in a universal reaction buffer.
- An artificial gene segment that codes for a murine TCR signal peptide should originally be connected upstream of synthetic oligonucleotides to ensure that the protein synthesized in vivo is directed into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
- a primer (rev_bTCR_c4; SeqlD No. 10) which reverses within the constant gene segment was chosen in order to account for the additional variance of the two possible c-gene segments (c-ßl or c-ß2) of the ß-chain, which have some base differences at their 3rd Have 'end to escape.
- the oligonucleotides of the "nested PCR” also had sequences of the restriction sites for EcoRI or Ascl at its 5 'end.
- the primer hybridizing in the forward direction (for_ ⁇ co_bTCR_v5; SeqlD No. 11) of the nested "PCR” was congruent in the sequence of the v gene segment with the degenerate RT-PCR primer, whereas the primer hybridizing in the reverse direction complementary to the c gene segment (rev_Asc_bTCR_c6; No. 12) was more than 120 bases offset inwards relative to the reverse 1st primer of the TZR reading frame, so that it is exactly a "3'- located nested PCR ".
- the complete c gene segment was determined using a reverse degenerate primer (rev_Asc_bTCR_c2; SeqlD No. 14 ) to detect the two potentially possible cßl / cß2 gene segments and a primer (for_Eco_bTCR_c2; SeqlD No.
- the pipetting scheme and the PCR protocol of the RT-PCR basically corresponded to the method described by the Röche company.
- the subsequent "nested PCR” was carried out analogously, with the components RNase inhibitor and DTT being replaced by autoclaved water. Instead of the 2 ⁇ l R ⁇ A (0.1-1 ⁇ g) 2 ⁇ l of the amplificate of the RT-PCR was used.
- the technical requirements of the PCR device made it possible to simultaneously test different hybridization temperatures in the second step of the classic PCR cycle in a temperature gradient from 35 ° C - 55 ° C at intervals for 5 selected temperatures of 36 ° C, 39 ° C, 44 ° C, 52 ° C and 56 ° C. For the higher temperatures of 44-56 ° C singular bands of the desired length could be achieved, the intensity of which was increased by the 2nd PCR and were sufficient to be inserted in vectors.
- the sequencing of 8 bacterial clones resulted in some randomized base changes based on the error rate of the Expand TM enzyme mix, which was comparable to other polymerases.
- the selected clones also all carried the sequence information for the signal peptide and a short region of the non-codogenic, 5'-untranslated region of less than 100 bases, so that it could be assumed that the v gene segment-specific degenerate primer was one recognized similar sequence upstream and provided the additional sequence of the wild-type signal peptide.
- RACE-PCR was the strategy leading to the goal: the degenerate oligonucleotide designed analogously to the approach described above produced only the codogenic sequence of one due to a reading frame shift in the CDR3 loop of non-functional T cell receptor.
- the allele exclusion is not valid to the same extent as for the ß-chain of the TZR.
- the RACE technology is established in the system of the same name from Röche (1 734 792) and must be supplemented with ⁇ TZR gene-specific oligonucleotides: for this purpose, the 5'-localized variance is part of the "5'-RACE-PCR" of the codogenic sequence by generating a known, short adenine oligonucleotide sequence at the 3 'end of the reverse transcribed cDNA sequence by means of the terminal transferase, which subsequently acts as a recognition sequence for a 5' localized PCR primer ,
- the reverse PCR primers lie within the invariant sequence that codes for the constant domain.
- the primer rev_Asc_aTCR_cl (SeqlD No.
- the PCR primers had to be such that the singular Ncol site was in the overlap area of the amplified gene sections.
- the truncated PCR amplicon containing the v ⁇ gene segment was cloned via 5'Saä and 3 'Ascl in p ⁇ EB193 (New England Biolabs), whereas the constant gene segment was inserted into EcoN and Ascl in pN ⁇ B193.
- the amplificates were cloned classically (J. Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning.
- the multi-step protocol is largely based on the commercial protocol with the aid of a programmable PCR device: the reverse transcription, the transferase reaction and the subsequent 2-step "nested PCR” were carried out in the "MasterCycler” PCR device from Eppendorf.
- the gradient technology was used in the hybridization step for the temperatures 39 ° C, 44 ° C, 52 ° C and 56 ° C.
- the R / w polymerase (Stratagene) was chosen because at this point it was considered to be the enzyme with the lowest error incorporation rate.
- the 1st PCR already showed a weak band of the expected size of 0.9 kB in the Entire temperature spectrum, the intensities of which could be amplified by the subsequent PCR and, in addition, "primer dimers" which occurred could be thinned out.
- the amplificate was shortened by 70 bp according to the theoretical position of the offset hybridizing primers.
- a double band of 100 bp in length difference appeared in the agarose gel, which indicated the presence of the functional and the non-functional ⁇ chain.
- the bands were cut out together in the preparative gel in order to record both amplificates in the subsequent cloning. 7 clones were found which encoded a functional reading frame and had identical sequences.
- An influenza matrix protein (FluMl 58-66) specific T cell clone served as a negative control.
- FACS analysis Figure 1 using a Vß6-specific FITC-labeled antibody (Pharmingen). Both the murine T cell line and the resulting clone 3 were checked.
- FITC-labeled antibody was used as a positive control, which recognizes the ß-chain portion independently of the subfamily.
- the retroviral vector pBullet a functional derivative of pStitch (Weijtens et al., 1998) belongs to the so-called splice vectors, in which the transgene clones in the same sequence context relative to the splice acceptor and donor elements SA and SD must be like the env gene to ensure maximum expression.
- an Ncol interface within the start codon "ccATGg" is designed using appropriate primers. This changed the 2nd amino acid of Lys for both wild-type chains ⁇ TZR and ßTZR Glu or Asn according to Asp.
- the singular BamRI interface was selected at the 3 'end of the reading frame.
- the restriction enzymes and modifying enzymes were obtained from New England Biolabs (NEB).
- thermostable polymerase was mostly the native or cloned R / w DNA polymerase (Pyrococcus furiosus, Stratagene) or the R / 5c DNA polymerase (Pyrococcus sp., Life Technologies)
- the gene segments could be amplified and cloned directly via primers which contained the sequences for Ncol (for_ ⁇ coI_aTCR_4, SeqlD No. 19; for_NcoI_bTCR_4, SeqlD No. 21) ,
- the murine constant domains should be exchanged for the corresponding human domains in such a way that these domains are completely recorded in their immunoglobulin-like folding structure.
- the complete variable domains were also to be recorded in order not to cause any impairment of the CDR3 loop which was almost carboxyterminal in this domain.
- the fusion had to take place in such a way that the transition generated as little as possible an anteoantigen that could lead to an unwanted immune reaction.
- the positions are relative in a range of up to 8 amino acids behind the last consensus motif "GxG", which closes the CDR3 loop heavily preserved. This area is completed by a highly conserved sequence of up to 11 amino acids.
- the murine sequences then begin to deviate from the human sequences, highly conserved for each species.
- the central area lies in the extended loop that connects the variable domain with the constant one (see criterion a)).
- the chimerization should be carried out within a highly conserved amino acid (AS) triplet sequence.
- the highly conserved triplet sequence consisted of "QNP" (base 400-408 relative to the start codon of the murine ⁇ TZR). Position 407-415 was followed by a singular / wNI interface that could be used for the fusion: the 3'-offset position of the AlwNl meant that instead of the aspartate conserved in human sequences, the glutamate conserved in murine sequences was present. This conservative amino acid exchange was considered to be less immunogenic and therefore tolerable.
- the chimeric, highly conserved region was I 133 -QNPEPAVYQLR 144 in which R 144 represents the first human-specific amino acid. I is at the ninth position behind the consensus motif "GxG" that closes the CDR3 loop.
- the cloning strategy was to ligate the LMP-agarose-isolated EcoRI / / wNI-cut v ⁇ segments with the AlwNl / BamHl-digested c ⁇ -PCR amplicons, to recut the mixed ligation products with EcoRI and BamRl and to prepare the prepared ligation product to clone potentially correct fragment length into the expression vector pcDNA3.1 (-) (Invitrogen).
- An asymmetric test digest resulted in the clones with the desired sequence of the ligation starting materials.
- the human constant gene segments c ⁇ and cß were isolated from the human leukemia cell line Jurkat by classic RT-PCR, as implemented as part of the Roche kit described above, with subsequent "nested” PCR.
- the .4 / wNI interface (T to A; see table below) had to be generated with the aid of mutagenic PCR primers at 2 positions secondly, compatibility with the murine sequence is established (c according to a; see table below), since the middle 3 positions of the / wNI interface may be degenerate:
- the -4 / wNI cleavage site that occurs naturally in the murine sequence is shown in bold, the 3 ′ offset cutting position is underlined.
- the degenerate triplet is in lower case.
- the base exchanges required for the human “primer” to maintain a mouse sequence-compatible / wNI interface are shown in bold.
- the 5 ′ initial base of the mutagenic primer is in italics.
- the resulting chimeric AS sequence is shown in bold (see text); the highly preserved AS triplet is also underlined.
- the c ⁇ -fragment was amplified by means of a “nested” PCR.
- the mutations were placed in the “nested” primer (for_hucaTCR_AlwNI_3; SeqlD No. 27), whereas the RT-PCR primer (for_hucaTCR_2; SeqlD No. 25) was still the same matched human wild-type sequence.
- the reverse “nested” primer rev_hucaTCR_BamHI_l (SeqlD No. 28) had both the stop codon and the clonable R ⁇ mHI interface, whereas the reverse RT-PCR primer (rev_hucaTCR_2; SeqlD No. 26) had the 3 'lying non-codogenic region recognized.
- vß fragment was cut with EcoRI and isolated from an LMP gel, the cß-PCR amplificate was blunt-ended as an additionally enzymatically phosphorylated (T4 polynucleotide kinase, N ⁇ B) final BamHl fragment used in the ligation.
- the mixed ligation products were cut with EcoRI / BamHl and the fragment with the potentially correct fragment length was cloned in pcDNA3.1 (-).
- An asymmetric test digest gave the clones with the desired sequence and orientation of the ligation starting materials.
- the est YI interface that occurs naturally in the murine sequence is shown in bold, the 5 'offset cutting position which generates 5' overhangs is underlined.
- the 5 'initial and phosphorylated base "T" of the human "nested" primer, which supplements the last base of BstYl in the chimeric construct, is in italics.
- the resulting chimeric AS sequence is shown in bold (see text); the highly preserved AS triplet is also underlined.
- the chimeric, highly conserved region was E-DLN in which N represents the first human-specific amino acid.
- E 133 is in seventh position behind the conserved "GxG" motif that completes the CDR3 loop.
- Single chain TCRs consist of the fusion of the variable domains v ⁇ with vß and an added constant domain c ⁇ or cß (Eshar et al., 1993).
- the advantage of such constructs lies in the defined 1: 1 stoichiometry of the two variable domains in one construct and the defined reactivity due to the heterogeneous pairing of endogenous and exogenous double chain TZRs that can be excluded.
- the variable domains were connected via a flexible polylinker of a redundant (GGGGS) 3 motif.
- the ends of the synthetic oligonucleotide harbored unique interfaces with which the carboxy-terminal end of one variable domain, located behind the essential CDR3 loop, could be linked to the beginning of the other variable domain, behind the sequence encoding the signal peptide.
- five criteria were considered: a) The polylinker had to be long enough to connect the ends of the variable ends. For this purpose, murine TZR crystal structures with an MHC-H-2K b specificity were consulted. b) the polylinker had to connect the ends in such a way that on the one hand it did not impair the specificity of the CDR3 loop, on the other hand it sufficiently eliminated the signal peptide of the downstream variable domain while maintaining its functional structure.
- amino acid sequences of the respective variable domain were included in the polylinker for the case in which the singular interfaces were not ideal.
- the polylinker had to be flexible on the one hand, which should be accomplished with the help of a sterically favorable sequence of glycine residues, and on the other hand be sufficiently soluble to avoid aggregate formation and precipitation: the hydroxyl group of the serine residue forms hydrogen bonds with solvating water molecules and forms local dipoles.
- the codogenic triplets for the glycine residues were varied ("GGC” and "GGA”).
- the polylinker had to have the same internal singular interfaces as the wild type sequences in order to cut open the intermediates in a 2-step cloning process and to add the almost complete wild type sequences 3'-terminally via these singular interfaces.
- the chimeric intermediate was cut open with DrllllBamHl and the ßTZR coding sequence, which had lost its signal peptide coding sequence via a DrallllBamHl digest, was cloned into it.
- the first glycine of the polylinker was at position 6 relative to the amino-terminal gly of the "GxG" consensus motif in v ⁇ , the last serine of the polylinker, connected by arginine due to an intermediate blunt-ended ligation, before position Asp 22 of the vß domain.
- muvß-Li-muv ⁇ -muc ⁇ (SeqlD No. 43; FIG.
- the singular interface Sc 1 behind the last consensus motif "GxG" of the variable vß domain and Bsgl became the restriction interface terminating the signal peptide coding sequence chosen in the v ⁇ domain.
- the hybridized, double-stranded oligonucleotide was cut on both sides with Sc ⁇ l and cloned between the vß-coding and cß-coding sequence of the wild-type ßTZR. Thereafter, the chimeric intermediate was cut open with BsgllBamHl and the sequence coding for the ⁇ TZR which was via a had lost its sequence encoding the signal peptide.
- the first glycine of the polylinker was at position 6 relative to the amino-terminal gly of the "GxG" consensus motif in v ⁇ , the last serine of the polylinker before position Val 24 of the v ⁇ -domain.
- the signal transduction of the double chain TZRs should be optimized.
- the respective double chain ⁇ / ßTZRs were fused to the almost complete CD3 ⁇ subunit of the CD3 complex.
- this fusion brings about an efficient and CD3-independent coupling of the TZR to the effectors Lck 56 and ZAP-70 located upstream and downstream in the cascade.
- a modified ligation-PCR-based technique was established, with the help of which one could generate any fusions for the production of chimeric proteins, regardless of singular interfaces, and the specificity of the PCR amplificates obtained was significantly increased in comparison to a conventional ligation-PCR.
- the genetic fusion is defined via a reverse, chimeric primer (rev_huca-hu_tm_Zeta, SeqlD No. 36, FIG. 7; rev_hucb-hu_tm_Zeta; SeqlD No. 37, FIG. 8), which is linked to a forward primer (T7_for; SeqlD No.
- the fusion point was fixed on the disulfide-bridging cysteines: this caused the TZRs to lose their cytoplasmic sequence, the transmembrane and a short range of extracytoplasmic amino acids to the dimerizing cysteine, the human D chain also lost a short extraycytoplasmic section, but should exclusive of hers Coding cystine-forming cysteines for the transmembrane and cytosolic region including the three bivalent "ITAM" motifs.
- the reverse chimeric primer codes for the 3'-terminally located 21 bases of the respective partially humanized TZR and for the 5'-terminally lying 21 bases of the human CD3 ⁇ chain (FIG. 7).
- the chimeric constructs are humanized from the constant domain.
- PBLs Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
- a functional derivative of the pStitch system (Weijtens et al., 1999) was used for transduction of human peripheral T lymphocytes.
- the retroviral genes required for packaging are encoded via individual plasmids by cotransfection of the packaging cell line 293T (Soneoka et al., 1995): pHit60 encodes the gag-pol structure and polymerase genes from the Moloney murine leukemia virus ( MoMuLV), pColt-Galv for the env - envelope protein of the "gibbon ape leukemia virus", which is able to bind to the Na + - / phosphate synporter pit of human cells and thus to transduce the latter.
- the chimeric virus particles thus have an amphotropic pseudotype and can transduce various mammalian cells, except for the mouse.
- the isolated bacterial clones of the T cell receptor genes cloned into the pStitch derivative were purified via plasmid preparations which promise removal of residual endotoxins (Qiagen, product 12362) and adjusted to 1 ⁇ g / ⁇ l.
- the DNA was transiently introduced into the packaging cell line 293 T via the calcium phosphate precipitation (GiboBRL-Life Technologies, product 18306-019). Up to 80 ⁇ g DNA are used in the context of the WT or modified double chain T cell receptors ⁇ TZR and ßTZR: 20 ⁇ g ⁇ TZR construct 20 ⁇ g ßTZR - construct 20 ⁇ g pColt-Galv 20 ⁇ g pHit 60
- DMEM / H modified DMEM medium
- the 293T cells were seeded onto 0.9 * 10 6 cells per T25 bottle and transfection batch in 5 ml DMEM / H. 4 h before the transfection, the medium was replaced by fresh DMEM-H (3 ml) warmed to room temperature (RT).
- the transfection was carried out according to the regulation of the commercial protocol (Life Technologies). 1 ml of the transfection batch was pipetted into the respective bottle with careful dropping.
- the DNA-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 precipitate should be deposited on the adherent cells in finely divided form.
- PBLs peripheral blood lymphocytes
- the plates were incubated in an incubator at 37 ° C and 5% CO2.
- the activated PBLs from the respective wells of a 24well plate were combined and counted.
- Adherent monocytes were discarded.
- the cells are centrifuged off (1500 ⁇ m, 5 min, RT) and taken up in a concentration of 2.5 * 10 6 cells / ml in fresh huRPMI-P and returned to the incubator.
- the medium was previously adjusted to 400 U / ml IL-2 (Chiron) and 5 ⁇ g / ml polybrene (Sigma).
- each transfection batch was trypsinized in succession 6 h after changing the medium: for this purpose, each T25 was washed with 3 ml HBSS (Life Technologies), incubated with 1 ml trypsin-EDTA (Life Technologies) for a maximum of 5 minutes, the dissolved cells were taken up quantitatively and placed in 4 ml of huRPMI P (RT) added dropwise with stirring.
- the 293 T cells are irradiated with 2500 rad. These are centrifuged off (1500 ⁇ m, 5 min, RT) and resuspended in 4 ml of fresh, adjusted huRPMI-P, supplemented with 400U / ml IL-2 and 5 ⁇ g / ml polybrene. 1 ml of the adjusted PBLs was added to the mixture and the mixture (0.5 * 10 6 PBLs / ml) was incubated for three days in an incubator (37 ° C., 5% CO2).
- the constructs described under 2. were analyzed after retroviral transduction in "fluorescence activated cell sorting" (FACS). For this purpose, 0.25 * 10 6 cells were saturated with fluorophore-labeled antibodies: the heterologously expressed ß-chain was detected with anti-vß6-FITC (BD); the entirety of the T cells via the marker anti-CD3-PC5 (Coulter-Beckman) (FIG. 9). A sample transduced with the empty pStitch derivative served as a negative control.
- FACS fluorescence activated cell sorting
- the expression could be reproduced in several donors HLA-A2 - positive T cells.
- the cytosolic expressed green fluorescent protein (eGFP, cloned from eGFP-NI from Clontech) served as an external standard and showed that the comparably weak transduction efficiency as an expression of the percentage detection of successfully transduced T cells was a methodological problem and not an intrinsic problem TZR transgene is.
- vß6 antibodies In order to enrich the successfully transduced T cells, they were sorted in the magnetic field using magnetically labeled vß6 antibodies (according to the Miltenyi-Biotec regulation). For this purpose, a magnetically marked antibody was used which recognizes the rat IgG portion of the v6-specific antibodies (Miltenyi-Biotec "Goat anti-rat IgG MicroBeads", product 485-01). Enrichments of v6-positive CD3 + T cells of over 90% could be achieved.
- the transduced T cells were checked for their cytotoxic specificity in a classic 5 I chromium release test.
- target cells were labeled radioactively by the incooration of 51 chromium. If the retrovirally modified effector cells recognized the target cell in a peptide-specific manner, the latter were driven into apoptosis by the effector functions of the T cell and killed by lysis. The extent of the released chromium nuclide makes a statement about the effectiveness of the cell recognition and lysis. The effectiveness was tested over a wide range of the ratio of effector cells to target cells (E: T).
- the target cells were:
- T2 human TAP-deficient cell line that could be loaded exogenously with any peptide.
- the specific peptide was hdm2-81-88, an irrelevant control peptide was derived from the influenza matrix protein FluMl.
- Saos-2/6 Transfectant of the human Saos-2 cell line, which expresses hdm2 and processes endogenously.
- Saos2 / 143 Transfectant of the human Saos-2 cell line, which carries the p53 mutant Val 143 Ala.
- the p53 mutant positively regulates the expression of hdm2 JY: EBV-transformed LCL-B cell line UocBl 1, EU-3: pre-B cell leukemia IM-9: plasmocytoma
- the cell line T2 was loaded exogenously with the hdm2-81-88 peptide in a concentration series from 1 * 10 " M to 1 * 10 " M.
- a peptide-specific and dose-dependent cytotoxic T-cell response could be observed for both muv ⁇ -muc ⁇ / muvß-mucß (2.1) and muv ⁇ -huc ⁇ / muvß-hucß (2.2).
- T 20: 1.
- the murine hdm2-81-88 peptide-specific T cell clone 3 served as a positive control.
- the cell lines described above could be lysed specifically for peptides. Some of the pre-B cell leukaemias could be lysed 100% in the case of WT chains with high E: T's. As in the case of peptide titration, the wild-type chains (2.1) showed a higher lysis efficiency compared to the partially humanized, chimeric chains (2.2). A non-functional single-chain T cell receptor acted as a negative control, which was expressed and enrichable according to 3.3.1), but had no lysis activity. The murine hdm2-81-88 peptide-specific T cell clone 3 served as a positive control.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2002569871A JP2004535778A (ja) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | hdm2蛋白質―特異的なネズミα/βT−細胞受容体のポリペプチド、これらをコードする核酸およびそれらの使用 |
| EP02722160A EP1363942A2 (de) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | Polypeptide eines hdm2-protein spezifischen murinen alpha/beta t-zell rezeptors, diese kodierende nukleinsüren und deren verwendung |
| CA002445013A CA2445013A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-28 | Polypeptides of an hdm2 protein-specific murine alpha/beta t-cell receptor, nucleic acids encoding these and their use |
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| DE10109854A DE10109854A1 (de) | 2001-03-01 | 2001-03-01 | Polypeptide eines hdm2-Protein spezifischen murinen alpha/beta T-Zell Rezeptors, diese kodierende Nukleinsäuren und deren Verwendung |
| DE10109854.5 | 2001-03-01 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004029085A3 (de) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-10-14 | Univ Mainz Johannes Gutenberg | VERFAHREN ZUR RATIONALEN MUTAGENESE VON α/β T-ZELL REZEPTOREN UND ENTSPRECHEND MUTIERTE MDM2-PROTEIN SPEZIFISCHE α/β T-ZELL REZEPTOEREN |
| WO2006064176A1 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2006-06-22 | Avidex Ltd | Assays for superantigens |
| US20110070191A1 (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2011-03-24 | Wong Hing C | T cell receptor fusions and conjugates and methods of use there of |
| US8698602B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2014-04-15 | Nxp B.V. | Method of reading a plurality of non-contact data carriers, including an anti-collision scheme |
| EP3213765A3 (de) * | 2010-09-20 | 2017-09-20 | BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH | Antigenspezifische t-zellrezeptoren und t-zell-epitope |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE10259713A1 (de) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-08 | Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz | Verfahren zur Expressionsstabilisierung und Verbesserung der spezifischen Effektorfunktion von Einzelketten-Antigenerkennenden genetischen Konstrukten (scARC) und entsprechend mutierten MDM2-Protein spezifischen scT-Zell Rezeptoren |
| ES2861901T3 (es) | 2014-10-03 | 2021-10-06 | Univ Oxford Innovation Ltd | Análisis de monotipia de células T |
| CN107207371A (zh) * | 2014-10-20 | 2017-09-26 | 斯克利普斯研究院 | 用于选择结合配偶体的基于邻近度的方法 |
| AU2015338984A1 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-04-27 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Methods and compositions for modified T cells |
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| AU728794B2 (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 2001-01-18 | Scripps Research Institute, The | Recombinant constructs encoding T cell receptors specific for human HLA-restricted tumor antigens |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8698602B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2014-04-15 | Nxp B.V. | Method of reading a plurality of non-contact data carriers, including an anti-collision scheme |
| US8994507B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2015-03-31 | Nxp B.V. | Non-contact data carriers including an anti-collision scheme |
| US9875380B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2018-01-23 | Nxp B.V. | Non-contact data carriers including an anti-collision scheme |
| WO2004029085A3 (de) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-10-14 | Univ Mainz Johannes Gutenberg | VERFAHREN ZUR RATIONALEN MUTAGENESE VON α/β T-ZELL REZEPTOREN UND ENTSPRECHEND MUTIERTE MDM2-PROTEIN SPEZIFISCHE α/β T-ZELL REZEPTOEREN |
| US9062127B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2015-06-23 | Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz | Method for rational mutagenesis of α/βT-cell receptors and correspondingly mutated MDM2-protein specific α/βT-cell receptors |
| WO2006064176A1 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2006-06-22 | Avidex Ltd | Assays for superantigens |
| US20110070191A1 (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2011-03-24 | Wong Hing C | T cell receptor fusions and conjugates and methods of use there of |
| EP3213765A3 (de) * | 2010-09-20 | 2017-09-20 | BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH | Antigenspezifische t-zellrezeptoren und t-zell-epitope |
| US10117918B2 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2018-11-06 | Biontech Cell & Gene Therapies Gmbh | Antigen-specific T cell receptors and T cell epitopes |
| US11311611B2 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2022-04-26 | Biontech Cell & Gene Therapies Gmbh | Antigen-specific T cell receptors and T cell epitopes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| DE10109854A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
| WO2002070552A3 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
| WO2002070552A8 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
| JP2004535778A (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
| CA2445013A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| EP1363942A2 (de) | 2003-11-26 |
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