WO2003015956A2 - Verfahren und metallgusskasten zur schadstoffemissionsreduktion in giessereibetrieben - Google Patents
Verfahren und metallgusskasten zur schadstoffemissionsreduktion in giessereibetrieben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003015956A2 WO2003015956A2 PCT/EP2002/009078 EP0209078W WO03015956A2 WO 2003015956 A2 WO2003015956 A2 WO 2003015956A2 EP 0209078 W EP0209078 W EP 0209078W WO 03015956 A2 WO03015956 A2 WO 03015956A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- substance
- molding sand
- metal casting
- mold
- additional
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for reducing pollutant emissions, in particular in the form of pyrolysis products, from metal casting boxes used in foundries.
- the invention further relates to metal casting boxes for carrying out the method.
- the pollutant emissions that occur during metal casting are mostly released at the casting line itself as well as at the cooling line and unpacking point, i.e. directly after the hot liquid metal is filled in.
- the pollutants escape, for example, through the neck of the two mold halves.
- a further release of a larger amount of emissions takes place when the hot molding material is removed from the metal casting mold (unpacking point).
- Occasional combustion of the escaping emissions takes place or is triggered by an ignition flame. However, such burns only take place if the local concentration, temperature and calorific value of the emissions are sufficient for this.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of further developing the method mentioned at the outset so that an effective reduction in pollutant emissions is achieved with little effort.
- the process should be applicable to all metal molds, regardless of the composition and the amount of emissions.
- this object is achieved in that at least one additional combustible substance is added to the metal casting boxes, which - if it is not gaseous - turns into a gaseous state when heated and burns together with the pollutants when it emerges from the metal casting boxes.
- the invention is therefore based on the idea of ensuring, by adding an additional combustible substance, that the pollutants then also burn. The joint combustion of pollutants and the flammable substance therefore takes place almost independently of the amount and the calorific value of the pollutants.
- Metal molds generally consist of at least two parts, preferably two mold halves. At least one of these mold halves, preferably two mold halves, enclose the molding sand, which can be, for example, a porous sand material pressed using additives and pressure. The shape of the molding sand determines the outer contour of the later cast. Optionally, one or more mold cores can be added to the casting space, which then determine the inner contour and cavities of the cast material.
- pollutant emissions to be odorous and harmful gases, smoke, dusts and / or aerosols released into the ambient air.
- An additional combustible substance used according to the invention is an organic substance which preferably contains a wax or an oil, particularly preferably a ketone, an aldehyde, ether, alkane or alcohol.
- This substance is therefore a chemical compound that burns through self-ignition or with the help of an ignition flame when it comes out of the mold box in gaseous form and comes into contact with the outside air.
- This substance is added to the metal casting box in addition to the additives commonly used in metal casting.
- Such a combustible substance preferably has a high calorific value.
- flammable substances which only burn in the presence of ambient air or are highly flammable or ignite themselves are preferred for carrying out the method according to the invention. Flammable substances are particularly preferred which, under the conditions of a metal casting, only burn under self-ignition or with the aid of an ignition flame when they exit the metal casting mold.
- a flammable gas (natural gas) can also be used as the flammable substance. This can be pushed into the molding sand with the help of injection pipes and can be controlled as required.
- the use of gas is particularly favorable in the case of stationary, that is to say molds which are not produced on the line - without transporting the container.
- the combustible substance added to the metal casting mold mixes in gaseous form with the pollutants in the metal casting mold and escapes together with them. When this mixture is burned, the pollutants are also burned by the heat of combustion of the additional combustible substance added according to the invention.
- the additional substance is preferably the metal casting boxes in the outer molding sand
- the additional combustible substance is introduced into at least one of the mold sand halves after pressing and casting by injection and / or before pressing by mixing with the molding sand or parts of the molding sand.
- liquid combustible substance basically enables the substance to be stored in the cavities between the molding sand grains and to be distributed by capillary forces.
- the additional flammable substance can namely be added to the metal mold evenly or locally concentrated.
- the point of addition should be chosen so that thorough mixing with the pollutants in the gas phase is achieved, which can flow, for example, along gaps or channels provided in the molding sand or the outer casting mold itself. Avoid direct contact of the added flammable substance with the hot liquid castings, as this would generate a strong spontaneous pressure wave.
- the method according to the invention is also not intended to influence existing, optimized molding techniques and / or materials.
- the addition of the additional fuel has therefore proven to be particularly advantageous only after the liquid metal has been poured into the casting mold. Even a small spread of the additional fuel - gaseous or liquid
- the aim is to position the additional combustible substance in the molding sand in such a way that it mixes with the pollutants of the casting mold in the sense of optimal combustion of the pollutant / substance mixture.
- an advantageous optimal dosage of the additional substance take place.
- combustion of the pollutants can be optimized for the entire emission period. In a particularly advantageous manner, just so much additional flammable gas is emitted that the escaping pollutants burn in a permanent flame.
- At least one additional combustible substance is positioned in front of the attachment edge of the mold and / or in front of at least one outlet opening of the mold, particularly preferably in the molding sand in front of the attachment edge of the mold and / or in front of at least one outlet opening of the mold.
- the amount of the combustible substance to be added depends on the dimensions, the structure and the composition of the respective metal casting mold. In addition to positioning in the metal casting box, the amount of substance and the composition of the substance also determine the extent of the combustion of the released pollutants.
- At least such an amount of additional combustible substance is added to the mold that combustion of the pollutants is ensured at least during part of the cooling phase of the casting process, preferably until the mold is opened, particularly preferably until the cast goods are detached.
- An additional addition of fuel is particularly preferred which, by penetrating the entire molding material - when the casting box is broken open to remove the cast goods - ensures complete combustion of all contaminants which are still stored in the molding sand.
- the entire molding sand burns openly with a large surface.
- a second or repeated addition / injection of fuel into the mold can also be carried out.
- any compound or a mixture of compounds which is combustible and flammable under the conditions of a metal casting process can be used as the flammable substance.
- a large number of such compounds or mixtures are known to the person skilled in the art which, at the higher temperatures and ambient conditions in the metal Casting box and / or at the edge of the neck have the required properties during escape and contact with atmospheric oxygen.
- the additional combustible substances used in the process preferably contain at least one organic substance, preferably a wax or an oil, particularly preferably a ketone, an aldehyde, ether, alkanes or alcohol.
- Substances are particularly advantageous which do not decompose due to the low heat exposure caused by the positioning according to the invention, but pass chemically unchanged into the gas phase.
- Flammable substances which have a boiling point between 20 ° C. and 200 ° C. are preferably used, particularly preferably substances with a boiling point between 50 ° C. and 100 ° C.
- substances which burn to form low-odor and harmless compounds are preferred for carrying out the process.
- gases which burn to form carbon dioxide and water are very preferably gas mixtures which burn to form carbon dioxide and water.
- the added substances can be present, for example, as a solid, but preferably as a liquid when added to the metal casting mold. It is particularly favorable if the substances are present as a liquid when added to the metal casting mold and evaporate / boil when the hot metal or the hot exhaust gas emissions convey heat.
- the transfer of the combustible substances into the gas phase is preferably mediated by thermal bridges on the part of the hot cast goods over the molding sand.
- the heat spreading throughout the casting box which emanates from the cooling of the cast goods, reaches the combustible substance added according to the invention with a constant rise in temperature in the molding sand and converts it into the gas phase.
- the substance evaporates due to the hot pollutants that are formed during the casting process, and preferably only burns together with the pollutants when it emerges from the mold and comes into contact with air.
- the mixture of substances and pollutants can only be burned when it comes into contact with an ignition flame.
- a good mixing of the pollutants with the additional substance is advantageous, which is ensured by a sufficiently long mixing section of the two gases before they come into contact with the outside air.
- the invention further relates to a metal casting box which is modified to carry out the method according to the invention. It has proven to be particularly favorable if the metal casting box consists of at least two casting mold parts, in which at least one of the halves in the attachment edge has a groove as an outlet opening for gases. Grooves and holes in the molding sand that facilitate the removal of the gases can also be provided in an advantageous manner.
- gas guides are provided within the molding sand, which lead into an outlet opening.
- At least one of the two mold halves has a cutout in the molding sand for receiving combustible substances.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic vertical sectional view of a molded box part to illustrate the flow course of the pollutants when an additional fuel is used away from the casting mold, towards the attachment edge of the molded box and
- Fig. 4 three different ways A, B and C of adding flammable substances in a metal mold.
- the dashed line shows the course of the total mass of hydrocarbons in the exhaust air, after a short mixing with the outside air and its partial (Fig. 1) or fully constant combustion (Fig. 2).
- An exemplary measuring point is indicated at point 8 in FIG. 3.
- the Y axis shows the mass of the pollutant quantity.
- liquid metal is added to the metal mold and ignition of the pollutants is triggered at time t1.
- the combustion has ended because the relatively low emission of pollutants no longer enables further combustion.
- the integral of the area below the dashed line is a measure of the still large amount of pollutants emitted.
- adding a combustible substance increases the level of hydrocarbon emission on the Y axis.
- a part of a molding box 1 is shown.
- the cast goods 3 lie in the molding sand 2.
- the increasing blackening in the area of the cast goods is intended to indicate the temperature profile.
- the additional combustible substance 4 is located in the vicinity of a gas outlet opening (for example in the area of the attachment edge of the two halves of the molding box 1.
- the flow lines 5 shown show that the gasified fuel is mixed with the harmful gases of the cast goods 3. This gas mixture escapes in the The area of the attachment edges of the two halves of the molding box 1 in the direction of the arrow 6 outwards and reaches the point at which the total emission shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- Fig. 4 shows an example of various addition options for the combustible substance 4 in the casting box 1.
- the additional substance 4 is stored in partial areas of the molding sand 2, namely by injection or storage before the assembly of the halves of the molding box 1 on both sides of the dividing line 9 or by injection after casting.
- the combustible substance 4 can be stored in only one half by pouring or storing in partial areas of the molding sand 2 before the assembly of the box halves.
- FIG. 4C illustrates another possibility, according to which the combustible substance 4 is embedded in partial areas of the molding sand 2, namely after the casting by means of injection into the molding sand.
- the additional combustible substance 4 is always stored separately from the cast goods 3, in such a way that it does not reach its surface. Regardless of which of the three storage options is chosen, it is always a storage which ensures that the substance, without decomposition, is only forced out of the mold by heating with the resultant evaporation / boiling, without pyrolysis taking place.
- the substance can be stored in the mold box in such a way that it is distributed in gaseous or vaporous form when heated in high concentration, with the aim of escaping and burning together with the pollutants when the mold is opened (unpacking point).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (16)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EA200400250A EA005446B1 (ru) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Способ уменьшения выброса вредных веществ в литейных производствах |
| DE50201808T DE50201808D1 (de) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Verfahren und metallgusskasten zur schadstoffemissionsreduktion in giessereibetrieben |
| CA002456936A CA2456936A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Method and metal casting case for reducing pollutant emissions in foundry practices |
| JP2003520501A JP2004538151A (ja) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | 鋳造の実行における汚染排出物を減少させる方法 |
| SI200230084T SI1417059T1 (de) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | |
| EP02767378A EP1417059B1 (de) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Verfahren und metallgusskasten zur schadstoffemissionsreduktion in giessereibetrieben |
| HR20040182A HRP20040182A2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Method and metal casting case for reducing pollutant emissions in foundry practices |
| BR0212184-0A BR0212184A (pt) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Método para a redução de emissões de poluentes liberados de caixas de fundição e caixa de fundição de metal |
| AU2002331242A AU2002331242A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Method and metal casting case for reducing pollutant emissions in foundry practices |
| HU0401327A HUP0401327A2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Method and mould for reducing pollutant emissions in foundry practices |
| AT02767378T ATE284766T1 (de) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Verfahren und metallgusskasten zur schadstoffemissionsreduktion in giessereibetrieben |
| US10/486,772 US20040238155A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Method for reducing pollutant emissions in foundry practices |
| MXPA04001392A MXPA04001392A (es) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Metodo para la reduccion de la emision de sustancias nocivas en talleres de fundicion. |
| DK02767378T DK1417059T3 (da) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Fremgangsmåde og metalstöbekasse til reduktion af emissioner af skadelige stoffer i stöberivirksomheder |
| PL02365635A PL365635A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Method for reducing pollutant emissions in foundry practices |
| US11/591,035 US7299858B2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2006-10-31 | Method for reducing pollutant emissions in foundry practice |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10139801.8 | 2001-08-14 | ||
| DE10139801 | 2001-08-14 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10486772 A-371-Of-International | 2002-08-13 | ||
| US11/591,035 Continuation US7299858B2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2006-10-31 | Method for reducing pollutant emissions in foundry practice |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003015956A2 true WO2003015956A2 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
| WO2003015956A3 WO2003015956A3 (de) | 2003-10-09 |
Family
ID=7695348
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2002/009078 Ceased WO2003015956A2 (de) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-13 | Verfahren und metallgusskasten zur schadstoffemissionsreduktion in giessereibetrieben |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20040238155A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1417059B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004538151A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE284766T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2002331242A1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0212184A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2456936A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10237147A1 (de) |
| EA (1) | EA005446B1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2235088T3 (de) |
| HR (1) | HRP20040182A2 (de) |
| HU (1) | HUP0401327A2 (de) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04001392A (de) |
| PL (1) | PL365635A1 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT1417059E (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003015956A2 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200401994B (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009144241A1 (de) | 2008-05-27 | 2009-12-03 | Ashland-Südchemie-Kernfest GmbH | Geruchs- und schadstoffadsorbierende beschichtungsmasse für den kastengebundenen metallguss |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022129733A1 (de) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-05-16 | Man Truck & Bus Se | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zünden von Gießgasen |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1239437B (de) * | 1965-02-13 | 1967-04-27 | Gruenzweig & Hartmann | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Giessformen und verlorenes Modell zu seiner Durchfuehrung |
| DE2916911A1 (de) * | 1979-04-26 | 1980-10-30 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Verfahren zur unschaedlichmachung von giessgasen |
| US4266595A (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1981-05-12 | Ford Motor Company | Use of mold venting practices in green sand molding for odor reduction |
| DE3246324C2 (de) * | 1982-12-15 | 1994-07-14 | CBF Carboform Ewald Schmidt, 4600 Dortmund | Verwendung von Kohlenstoffprodukten als Zusatz zu tongebundenen Gießereiformsandmassen |
| GB2188267B (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1989-11-15 | Morikawa Sangyo | Casting method and apparatus |
| DE4226327A1 (de) * | 1991-11-07 | 1993-05-13 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | Ligninmodifizierte bindemittel |
| DE4327292C2 (de) * | 1993-08-13 | 1996-04-25 | Ashland Suedchemie Kernfest | Bindemittel zur Herstellung von Gießereikernen und -formen und ihre Verwendung |
| DE4327396C2 (de) * | 1993-08-14 | 1996-10-17 | Kessler & Luch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen, Absaugen und Abscheiden von beim Abgießen von Formkästen frei werdenden Pyrolyse-Produkten |
-
2002
- 2002-08-13 JP JP2003520501A patent/JP2004538151A/ja active Pending
- 2002-08-13 DE DE10237147A patent/DE10237147A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-08-13 HR HR20040182A patent/HRP20040182A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-13 DE DE50201808T patent/DE50201808D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-13 AU AU2002331242A patent/AU2002331242A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-13 CA CA002456936A patent/CA2456936A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-13 AT AT02767378T patent/ATE284766T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-08-13 ES ES02767378T patent/ES2235088T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-13 EP EP02767378A patent/EP1417059B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-13 PT PT02767378T patent/PT1417059E/pt unknown
- 2002-08-13 WO PCT/EP2002/009078 patent/WO2003015956A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-08-13 HU HU0401327A patent/HUP0401327A2/hu unknown
- 2002-08-13 US US10/486,772 patent/US20040238155A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-13 PL PL02365635A patent/PL365635A1/xx unknown
- 2002-08-13 BR BR0212184-0A patent/BR0212184A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-13 MX MXPA04001392A patent/MXPA04001392A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-13 EA EA200400250A patent/EA005446B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-03-11 ZA ZA200401994A patent/ZA200401994B/xx unknown
-
2006
- 2006-10-31 US US11/591,035 patent/US7299858B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009144241A1 (de) | 2008-05-27 | 2009-12-03 | Ashland-Südchemie-Kernfest GmbH | Geruchs- und schadstoffadsorbierende beschichtungsmasse für den kastengebundenen metallguss |
| US8215373B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 | 2012-07-10 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Coating composition which adsorbs adourous and harmful substances and is intended for the box casting of metals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003015956A3 (de) | 2003-10-09 |
| US20040238155A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
| US7299858B2 (en) | 2007-11-27 |
| ES2235088T3 (es) | 2005-07-01 |
| HUP0401327A2 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
| EA005446B1 (ru) | 2005-02-24 |
| ZA200401994B (en) | 2005-04-20 |
| CA2456936A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
| US20070102137A1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
| MXPA04001392A (es) | 2005-06-06 |
| AU2002331242A1 (en) | 2003-03-03 |
| ATE284766T1 (de) | 2005-01-15 |
| PT1417059E (pt) | 2005-05-31 |
| DE10237147A1 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
| JP2004538151A (ja) | 2004-12-24 |
| BR0212184A (pt) | 2004-10-05 |
| PL365635A1 (en) | 2005-01-10 |
| EP1417059A2 (de) | 2004-05-12 |
| EA200400250A1 (ru) | 2004-08-26 |
| EP1417059B1 (de) | 2004-12-15 |
| HRP20040182A2 (en) | 2004-08-31 |
| DE50201808D1 (de) | 2005-01-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE2549256A1 (de) | Waermeisolierte anordnung zur durchleitung von unter hohen temperaturen stehenden gasen | |
| EP1252264B1 (de) | 2-stufige synthesegaskühlung | |
| DE2253843A1 (de) | Flammrohr fuer die brennkammer eines gasturbinentriebwerks | |
| EP1417059B1 (de) | Verfahren und metallgusskasten zur schadstoffemissionsreduktion in giessereibetrieben | |
| WO2001027222A1 (de) | Verfahren zum anfahren und ablaufen einer vorrichtung zur entsorgung und nutzbarmachtung von abfallgütern | |
| DE1508653B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung feuerfester keramischer gussformen | |
| DE2731549A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur bewegung und entfernung nicht brennbaren materials aus einem verbrennungsofen | |
| DE60210631T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Regenerierung einer Abgasfiltervorrichtung für Dieselmotoren und Vorrichtung dafür | |
| DE2621153A1 (de) | Verfahren und einrichtung zum aushaerten von sandformkoerpern | |
| DE3529264C2 (de) | ||
| DE102019102044A1 (de) | Testprüfstand zum Altern von Abgasanlagen | |
| DE19906770C2 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Gußstücks | |
| DE2838836A1 (de) | Ueberzugsmassen | |
| AT337606B (de) | Verfahren zur verwertung brennbarer abfallprodukte | |
| DE4425281A1 (de) | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Asphalt | |
| DE2921403A1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen von thermisch aushaertbaren sandformkoerpern | |
| DE8033855U1 (de) | Flammrohr aus hitzebestaendigem werkstoff fuer brenner, insbesondere oelbrenner | |
| DE102007006310B4 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regenerierung deaktivierter Katalysatorpartikel | |
| DE962639C (de) | Einrichtung zum Trocknen von Sandformen, insbesondere von Formen fuer das Giessen von Stahl, mittels eines transportablen elektrischen Formentrockners | |
| DE2242812C (de) | Verfahren zum Härten von säurehärtbaren Formstoffgemischen | |
| DE3714398A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von kohlenstoff enthaltenden feuerfesten erzeugnissen | |
| DE2529392B2 (de) | Anwendung eines Verfahrens zum Vergießen von Metallschmelzen in Sandformen unter Schutzgasatmosphäre auf Kunstharz gebundene Sandformen | |
| DE3513608A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entgiften von abgasen von kraftfahrzeugen und maschinen mit verbrennungsmotoren | |
| DE2550588B1 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Aushaerten von Sandformkoerpern | |
| DE2920968A1 (de) | Zylinderkopf fuer eine brennkraftmaschine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TN TR TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZM Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC PT SE SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002767378 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2456936 Country of ref document: CA |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003520501 Country of ref document: JP Ref document number: PA/a/2004/001392 Country of ref document: MX |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: P20040182A Country of ref document: HR |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200400250 Country of ref document: EA |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004/01994 Country of ref document: ZA Ref document number: 200401994 Country of ref document: ZA |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2002767378 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10486772 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 2002767378 Country of ref document: EP |