WO2003019708A2 - Fuel cell system with water supply device - Google Patents

Fuel cell system with water supply device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003019708A2
WO2003019708A2 PCT/EP2002/007098 EP0207098W WO03019708A2 WO 2003019708 A2 WO2003019708 A2 WO 2003019708A2 EP 0207098 W EP0207098 W EP 0207098W WO 03019708 A2 WO03019708 A2 WO 03019708A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
fuel cell
cell system
antifreeze
water reservoir
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2002/007098
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German (de)
French (fr)
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WO2003019708A3 (en
Inventor
René Henrik Elias VAN DOORN
Jens Arik Almkermann
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system, in particular a motor vehicle, with a water supply device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Fuel cell systems of the type mentioned are known. They contain a fuel cell unit and a reformer unit, fuel, air and water being required to generate electricity using the fuel cell unit. Water is supplied to the reformer unit for "on-board hydrogen production", water being able to be recovered after electricity has been generated in the fuel cell unit. It is thus possible to implement a closed water cycle in such a fuel cell system. Disadvantageously, a shortage of water in the fuel cell system can occur due to an existing sluggishness of condensation in the context of water recovery during dynamic operating load jumps. To dampen such bottleneck situations, a water container (water reservoir) is provided in a known manner in the fuel cell system, which is used to bridge short-term phases of unbalanced water balance in the fuel cell system.
  • Such a water reservoir serves to bridge cold start phases of the reformer unit, since in this operating phase the fuel cell unit is not yet active and therefore no water can yet be recovered for the reformer unit.
  • the water tank thus serves to ensure a balanced water balance in the fuel cell system in different operating situations, in particular to bridge cold start phases and dynamically occurring operating load peaks with corresponding jumps in water requirements.
  • no reliable or satisfactory water supply is guaranteed.
  • a fuel cell system with the features of claim 1 is proposed, which is characterized in that the water supply device device has an antifreeze supply unit. This enables a sufficient and reliable water supply to operate the fuel cell system even at ambient temperatures around the water freezing point or colder, since the fuel cell system can be operated in a relatively simple manner in a frost-proof manner by adding antifreeze to the water specified for operating the fuel cell system.
  • the antifreeze supply unit is advantageously designed as a metering unit. This ensures an adequate supply of antifreeze in the water provided for operating the fuel cell system, while at the same time wasting antifreeze in the form of an overdose can be avoided.
  • the metering unit preferably contains an antifreeze storage device and an intermediate metering valve that is operatively connected to the water supply device.
  • the anti-freeze reservoir can be designed as an exchangeable and / or refillable container.
  • the metering valve is preferably variably adjustable, so that metering of anti-freeze agent into the water provided for operating the fuel cell system is possible, depending on the operating parameters for the water supply.
  • the water supply device has a water reservoir which can be acted upon with antifreeze by means of the antifreeze supply unit to form a water / antifreeze mixture.
  • the water reservoir can be designed, for example, as a container and serves to bridge water supply bottlenecks which can occur in cold start phases and during operation of the fuel cell system, for example with dynamic load peaks.
  • a relatively precise determination of the respective metering amount of antifreeze is possible, since usually the amount of water contained in the water reservoir can be determined relatively easily.
  • the water supply device additionally has a further, second water reservoir which is used exclusively for intermediate storage of pure water is used.
  • the water supply device thus contains a first water reservoir with a water / antifreeze mixture and a second water reservoir with pure water. This makes it possible to implement a differentiated water supply in the fuel cell system depending on the prevailing ambient temperature.
  • the water / antifreeze mixture of the first water storage tank is only used to operate the fuel cell system at ambient temperatures around the water freezing point (0 ° C) or colder, while pure water can alternatively or additionally be supplied from the second water storage tank at ambient temperatures that are not critical for frost. This enables an advantageous reduction in the antifreeze consumption while at the same time ensuring correct operation of the fuel cell system.
  • the first water reservoir and the second water reservoir are preferably connected in parallel to one another. This enables a flexible water and / or water / antifreeze mixture feed to be carried out as a function of the prevailing ambient temperatures, while at the same time guaranteeing a generally desired reduction in antifreeze consumption.
  • a central control device is advantageously provided, which is operatively connected to the metering valve and to at least one inflow and / or outflow valve of the first water reservoir and optionally of the second water reservoir. This makes it possible to ensure an automated and possibly differentiated water supply in the fuel cell system.
  • the first and / or second water reservoir is advantageously part of a water return line of the fuel cell system. This enables the formation of a closed water cycle in the fuel cell system.
  • a measuring device that is operatively connected to the central control device is preferably provided for determining the water temperature in the water supply device, in particular in the first and / or second water reservoir, and / or for determining the outside temperature.
  • outside temperature is understood to mean the prevailing ambient temperature of the fuel cell system or of the motor vehicle.
  • the use of outside temperature sensors in motor vehicles is usually already part of a standard version, so that such a measurement instruments for realizing a reliable and possibly differentiated water supply can be easily used.
  • the measuring device can additionally have at least one fill level measuring element for determining the amount of water-antifreeze mixture in the first water reservoir, the water amount in the second water reservoir and / or the amount of antifreeze in the antifreeze reservoir.
  • the determined data of such a measuring device serve to ensure adequate antifreeze metering, while an effective antifreeze consumption reduction is possible at the same time.
  • the measuring device can also have at least one density measuring element for measuring the density of the water / antifreeze mixture contained in the first water reservoir.
  • At least one further functional unit is operatively connected to the first water reservoir with the interposition of a valve that can be adjusted in particular in an automated manner.
  • a further functional unit can be, for example, the water supply device of one or more windshield wiper systems of a motor vehicle.
  • the antifreeze is preferably a water-soluble, organic substance, especially glycol. Such an anti-freeze does not have a negative effect on the reforming process and thus on the correct operation of the fuel cell system.
  • the fuel cell system can be a main drive unit of a motor vehicle or also a fuel cell auxiliary device for supplying electrical energy as required to at least one electrical consumer in a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine.
  • the figure shows a schematic illustration of a fuel cell system, generally designated 10, for example a motor vehicle (not shown).
  • the fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel cell unit 30, a reformer unit 32 and a water supply device 12.
  • the water supply device 12 contains a first water reservoir 20 and a second water reservoir 22.
  • the water reservoirs 20, 22 can be designed as containers.
  • the first water reservoir 22 is connected to an antifreeze supply unit 14.
  • the antifreeze supply unit 14 contains an antifreeze reservoir 16 and a metering valve 18 which is connected between the antifreeze reservoir 16 and the first water reservoir 20.
  • the antifreeze storage device 16 is preferably designed as a refillable container that can be separated from the antifreeze supply unit 14.
  • the second water reservoir 22 is used to store pure water.
  • a water separator 48 is provided on the exhaust gas outlet side of the fuel cell unit 30 and is connected to the first and second water reservoirs 20, 22, forming a closed water circuit in the fuel cell system 10.
  • fuel is supplied to the reformer unit 32 according to arrow 34, while air is directed to a conveying means 40 according to arrow 35 and water according to arrow 36 and is then conveyed to the reformer unit 32 as an air-water partial flow according to arrow 42.
  • a reforming process known per se takes place in the reformer unit 32.
  • the reformer unit 32 is connected on its outlet side by means of a line (arrow 46) to the fuel cell unit 30, in particular to its anode.
  • the conveying means 40 for supplying a residual air-water flow into the fuel cell unit 30 (cathode) is connected to the same (arrow 44).
  • the fuel cell unit 30 is used to generate an electrical current and is known per se.
  • the fuel cell exhaust gas passed on according to arrows 47 is passed through a water separator 48 which is connected to a three-way valve 26 by means of a water return line (arrow 50).
  • a water pipe (arrow 52) leads to the first water reservoir 20 and a further water pipe (arrow 54) to the second water reservoir 22.
  • the water reservoirs 20, 22 each have a water pipe (arrows 56, 58) with a connection point 27 connected, from which a water supply line (arrow 36) leads to the conveying means 40 with the interposition of a further conveying means 29 (liquid pump).
  • the first water reservoir 20 is connected to at least one further functional unit, for example a water supply device of a windshield wiper system of the motor vehicle (arrow 60).
  • a central control device 24 is used for automated and flexible water supply, optionally with antifreeze, in the fuel cell system 10
  • Central control device 24 is operatively operatively connected to the metering valve 18 and the three-way valve 26 (arrows 25).
  • the central control device 24 is also operatively connected to a measuring device (not shown) (arrows 23), by means of which information relating to the prevailing outside temperature of the motor vehicle is passed on to the central control device 24.
  • additional operating information of the fuel cell system 10 can also be transmitted to the central control device 24, for example the respective water temperature in the water supply device 12, the respective fill level in the first water storage device 20, in the second water storage device 22 and / or in the antifreeze storage device 16, and the like.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a fuel cell system (10), more particularly designed for a motor vehicle, comprising a water supply device (12) and characterized in that the water supply device (12) comprises an antifreeze feeding unit.

Description

Brennstoffzellensvstem mit einer Wasserzuführeinrichtung Fuel cell system with a water supply device

Beschreibungdescription

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffzellensystem, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, mit einer Wasserzuführeinrichtung, gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel cell system, in particular a motor vehicle, with a water supply device, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Brennstoffzellensysteme der eingangs genannten Art sind bekannt. Sie enthalten eine Brennstoffzelleneinheit und eine Reformereinheit, wobei zur Stromerzeugung mittels der Brennstoffzelleneinheit Kraftstoff, Luft und Wasser benötigt wird. Dabei wird der Reformereinheit zur "on-board-Wasserstofferzeugung" Wasser zugeführt, wobei nach einer Stromerzeugung in der Brennstoffzelleneinheit Wasser wieder zurückgewonnen werden kann. Es ist somit möglich, einen geschlossenen Wasserkreislauf in einem derartigen Brennstoffzellensystem zu realisieren. Nachteilhafterweise kann aufgrund einer vorliegenden Kondensationsträgheit im Rahmen der Wasserrückgewinnung bei dynamischen Betriebslastsprüngen ein kurzzeitiger Wassermangel im Brennstoffzellensystem auftreten. Zur Dämpfung derartiger Engpasssituationen ist in bekannter Weise ein Wasserbehälter (Wasserspeicher) im Brennstoffzellensystem vorgesehen, welcher zur Überbrückung von kurzzeitigen Phasen unausgeglichener Wasserbilanz im Brennstoffzellensystem dient. Darüber hinaus dient ein derartiges Wasserreservoir zur Überbrückung von Kaltstartphasen der Reformereinheit, da in dieser Betriebsphase die Brennstoffzelleneinheit noch nicht aktiv ist und somit auch noch kein Wasser für die Reformereinheit rückgewonnen werden kann. Der Wasserbehälter (Wasserspeicher) dient somit zur Gewährleistung einer ausgeglichenen Wasserbilanz im Brennstoffzellensystem bei unterschiedlichen Betriebssituationen, insbesondere zur Überbrückung von Kaltstartphasen und von dynamisch auftretenden Betriebslastspitzen mit entsprechenden Wasserbedarfssprüngen. Nachteilhafterweise ist bei Umgebungstemperaturen von circa 0°C und kleiner in bekannten Brennstoffzellensystemen keine zuverlässige beziehungsweise zufriedenstellende Wasserzuführung gewährleistet.Fuel cell systems of the type mentioned are known. They contain a fuel cell unit and a reformer unit, fuel, air and water being required to generate electricity using the fuel cell unit. Water is supplied to the reformer unit for "on-board hydrogen production", water being able to be recovered after electricity has been generated in the fuel cell unit. It is thus possible to implement a closed water cycle in such a fuel cell system. Disadvantageously, a shortage of water in the fuel cell system can occur due to an existing sluggishness of condensation in the context of water recovery during dynamic operating load jumps. To dampen such bottleneck situations, a water container (water reservoir) is provided in a known manner in the fuel cell system, which is used to bridge short-term phases of unbalanced water balance in the fuel cell system. In addition, such a water reservoir serves to bridge cold start phases of the reformer unit, since in this operating phase the fuel cell unit is not yet active and therefore no water can yet be recovered for the reformer unit. The water tank (water storage) thus serves to ensure a balanced water balance in the fuel cell system in different operating situations, in particular to bridge cold start phases and dynamically occurring operating load peaks with corresponding jumps in water requirements. Disadvantageously, at ambient temperatures of approximately 0 ° C. and less in known fuel cell systems, no reliable or satisfactory water supply is guaranteed.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Brennstoffzellensystem der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, in welchem unabhängig von Kälteeinflüssen aus der Umgebung eine zuverlässige Wasserzuführung gewährleistet ist.It is an object of the invention to provide a fuel cell system of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which a reliable water supply is ensured regardless of cold influences from the environment.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ein Brennstoffzellensystem mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass die Wasserzuführeinrich- tung eine Frostschutzmittel-Zuführeinheit aufweist. Hierdurch wird eine hinreichende und zuverlässige Wasserzuführung zum Betreiben des Brennstoffzellensystems auch bei Umgebungstemperaturen um den Wassergefrierpunkt oder kälter ermöglicht, da durch Zugabe von Frostschutzmittel in das zum Betreiben des Brennstoffzellensystems vorgegebene Wasser das Brennstoffzellensystem in verhältnismäßig einfacher Weise frostsicher betrieben werden kann.To achieve the object, a fuel cell system with the features of claim 1 is proposed, which is characterized in that the water supply device device has an antifreeze supply unit. This enables a sufficient and reliable water supply to operate the fuel cell system even at ambient temperatures around the water freezing point or colder, since the fuel cell system can be operated in a relatively simple manner in a frost-proof manner by adding antifreeze to the water specified for operating the fuel cell system.

Mit Vorteil ist die Frostschutzmittel-Zuführeinheit als Dosiereinheit ausgebildet. Hierdurch wird eine hinreichende Zuführung von Frostschutzmittel in das zum Betreiben des Brennstoffzellensystems vorgesehene Wasser gewährleistet, während gleichzeitig eine Verschwendung von Frostschutzmittel in Form einer Überdosierung vermieden werden kann.The antifreeze supply unit is advantageously designed as a metering unit. This ensures an adequate supply of antifreeze in the water provided for operating the fuel cell system, while at the same time wasting antifreeze in the form of an overdose can be avoided.

Vorzugsweise enthält die Dosiereinheit einen Frostschutzmittel-Speicher und ein zwischengeschaltetes, mit der Wasserzuführeinrichtung wirkverbundenes Dosierventil. Dabei kann der Frostschutzmittelspeicher als austauschbarer und/oder nachfüllbarer Behälter ausgebildet sein. Das Dosierventil ist vorzugsweise variabel einstellbar, so dass eine in Bezug auf die Wasserzuführung betriebsparameterabhängige Zudosierung an Frostschutzmittel in das zum Betreiben des Brennstoffzellensystems vorgesehene Wasser möglich ist.The metering unit preferably contains an antifreeze storage device and an intermediate metering valve that is operatively connected to the water supply device. The anti-freeze reservoir can be designed as an exchangeable and / or refillable container. The metering valve is preferably variably adjustable, so that metering of anti-freeze agent into the water provided for operating the fuel cell system is possible, depending on the operating parameters for the water supply.

Gemäß einer möglichen Ausführungsform weist die Wasserzuführeinrichtung einen Wasserspeicher auf, der mittels der Frostschutzmittel-Zuführeinheit mit Frostschutzmittel beaufschlagbar ist unter Ausbildung eines Wasser-Frostschutzmittel-Gemischs. Der Wasserspeicher kann beispielsweise als Behälter ausgebildet sein und dient zur Überbrückung von Wasserzuführengpässen, welche in Kaltstartphasen sowie während des Betriebs des Brennstoffzellensystems zum Beispiel bei dynamischen Lastspitzen auftreten können. Ferner ist es möglich, mittels Zuführung des Frostschutzmittels in einem Wasserspeicher ein mehr oder weniger homogenes Wasser-Frostschutzmittel-Gemisch zu erzeugen, so dass im Vergleich zu einer inhomogeneren Verteilung des Frostschutzmittels im Wasser eine höhere Frostschutzsicherheit im Brennstoffzellensystem gewährleistet ist. Darüber hinaus ist eine verhältnismäßig genaue Bestimmung der jeweiligen Zudosierungsmenge an Frostschutzmittel möglich, da üblicherweise die im Wasserspeicher jeweils enthaltene Wassermenge relativ einfach festgestellt werden kann.According to a possible embodiment, the water supply device has a water reservoir which can be acted upon with antifreeze by means of the antifreeze supply unit to form a water / antifreeze mixture. The water reservoir can be designed, for example, as a container and serves to bridge water supply bottlenecks which can occur in cold start phases and during operation of the fuel cell system, for example with dynamic load peaks. Furthermore, it is possible to produce a more or less homogeneous mixture of water and antifreeze by supplying the antifreeze in a water reservoir, so that a higher frost protection in the fuel cell system is ensured in comparison with a more inhomogeneous distribution of the antifreeze in the water. In addition, a relatively precise determination of the respective metering amount of antifreeze is possible, since usually the amount of water contained in the water reservoir can be determined relatively easily.

Entsprechend einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Wasserzuführeinrichtung zusätzlich einen weiteren, zweiten Wasserspeicher auf, der ausschließlich zur Zwischen- speicherung von reinem Wasser dient. Somit enthält die Wasserzuführeinrichtung einen ersten Wasserspeicher mit Wasser-Frostschutzmittel-Gemisch und einen zweiten Wasserspeicher mit reinem Wasser. Hierdurch ist es möglich, eine differenzierte Wasserzuführung im Brennstoffzellensystem in Abhängigkeit der jeweils vorliegenden Umgebungstemperatur zu realisieren. Dabei wird lediglich bei Umgebungstemperaturen um den Wassergefrierpunkt (0°C) oder kälter das Wasser-Frostschutzmittel-Gemisch des ersten Wasserspeichers zum Betreiben des Brennstoffzellensystems eingesetzt, während bei frostunkritischen Umgebungstemperaturen alternativ oder zusätzlich reines Wasser aus dem zweiten Wasserspeicher zugeführt werden kann. Dies ermöglicht eine vorteilhafte Reduzierung des Frostschutzmittelverbrauchs bei gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung eines korrekten Betreibens des Brennstoffzellensystems.According to a further embodiment, the water supply device additionally has a further, second water reservoir which is used exclusively for intermediate storage of pure water is used. The water supply device thus contains a first water reservoir with a water / antifreeze mixture and a second water reservoir with pure water. This makes it possible to implement a differentiated water supply in the fuel cell system depending on the prevailing ambient temperature. The water / antifreeze mixture of the first water storage tank is only used to operate the fuel cell system at ambient temperatures around the water freezing point (0 ° C) or colder, while pure water can alternatively or additionally be supplied from the second water storage tank at ambient temperatures that are not critical for frost. This enables an advantageous reduction in the antifreeze consumption while at the same time ensuring correct operation of the fuel cell system.

Vorzugsweise sind der erste Wasserspeicher und der zweite Wasserspeicher zueinander parallel geschaltet. Dies ermöglicht die Durchführung einer flexiblen Wasser- und/oder Wasser-Frostschutzmittel-Gemischzuführung in Abhängigkeit der jeweils vorliegenden Umgebungstemperaturen unter gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung eines grundsätzlich anzustrebenden reduzierten Verbrauchs an Frostschutzmittel.The first water reservoir and the second water reservoir are preferably connected in parallel to one another. This enables a flexible water and / or water / antifreeze mixture feed to be carried out as a function of the prevailing ambient temperatures, while at the same time guaranteeing a generally desired reduction in antifreeze consumption.

Mit Vorteil ist eine zentrale Steuereinrichtung vorgesehen, die mit dem Dosierventil und mit mindestens einem Zufluss- und/oder Abflussventil des ersten Wasserspeichers und gegebenenfalls des zweiten Wasserspeichers operativ wirkverbunden ist. Hierdurch ist es möglich, eine automatisierte und gegebenenfalls differenzierte Wasserzuführung im Brennstoffzellensystem zu gewährleisten.A central control device is advantageously provided, which is operatively connected to the metering valve and to at least one inflow and / or outflow valve of the first water reservoir and optionally of the second water reservoir. This makes it possible to ensure an automated and possibly differentiated water supply in the fuel cell system.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der erste und/oder zweite Wasserspeicher Teil eines Wasserrück- führstrangs des Brennstoffzellensystems. Dies ermöglicht die Ausbildung eines geschlossenen Wasserkreislaufs im Brennstoffzellensystem.The first and / or second water reservoir is advantageously part of a water return line of the fuel cell system. This enables the formation of a closed water cycle in the fuel cell system.

Vorzugsweise ist eine mit der zentralen Steuereinrichtung wirkverbundene Messeinrichtung vorgesehen zur Ermittlung der Wassertemperatur in der Wasserzuführeinrichtung, insbesondere im ersten und/oder zweiten Wasserspeicher, und/oder zur Ermittlung der Außentemperatur. Hierbei wird unter Außentemperatur die jeweils vorliegende Umgebungstemperatur des Brennstoffzellensystems beziehungsweise des Kraftfahrzeugs verstanden. Dabei ist der Einsatz an Außentemperatursensoren in Kraftfahrzeugen üblicherweise bereits Teil einer Standardausführung, so dass auf ein derartiges Messin- strument zur Realisierung einer zuverlässigen und gegebenenfalls differenzierten Wasserzuführung problemlos zurückgegriffen werden kann.A measuring device that is operatively connected to the central control device is preferably provided for determining the water temperature in the water supply device, in particular in the first and / or second water reservoir, and / or for determining the outside temperature. In this case, outside temperature is understood to mean the prevailing ambient temperature of the fuel cell system or of the motor vehicle. The use of outside temperature sensors in motor vehicles is usually already part of a standard version, so that such a measurement instruments for realizing a reliable and possibly differentiated water supply can be easily used.

Gegebenenfalls kann die Messeinrichtung zusätzlich mindestens ein Füllstandsmesselement aufweisen zur Ermittlung der Wasser-Frostschutzmittel-Gemischmenge im ersten Wasserspeicher, der Wassermenge im zweiten Wasserspeicher und/oder der Frostschutzmittelmenge im Frostschutzmittel-Speicher. Die ermittelten Daten einer derartigen Messeinrichtung dienen zur Gewährleistung einer hinreichenden Frostschutzmittel- Zudosierung, wobei gleichzeitig eine effektive Frostschutzmittel-Verbrauchsreduzierung möglich ist. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Messeinrichtung auch mindestens ein Dichtemesselement aufweisen zur Dichtemessung des im ersten Wasserspeicher enthaltenen Wasser-Frostschutzmittel-Gemischs.If necessary, the measuring device can additionally have at least one fill level measuring element for determining the amount of water-antifreeze mixture in the first water reservoir, the water amount in the second water reservoir and / or the amount of antifreeze in the antifreeze reservoir. The determined data of such a measuring device serve to ensure adequate antifreeze metering, while an effective antifreeze consumption reduction is possible at the same time. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring device can also have at least one density measuring element for measuring the density of the water / antifreeze mixture contained in the first water reservoir.

Mit Vorteil ist mindestens eine weitere Funktionseinheit unter Zwischenschaltung eines insbesondere automatisiert einstellbaren Ventils mit dem ersten Wasserspeicher wirkverbunden. Eine derartige weitere Funktionseinheit kann beispielsweise die Wasserzuführeinrichtung einer oder mehrerer Scheibenwischaniagen eines Kraftfahrzeugs sein.Advantageously, at least one further functional unit is operatively connected to the first water reservoir with the interposition of a valve that can be adjusted in particular in an automated manner. Such a further functional unit can be, for example, the water supply device of one or more windshield wiper systems of a motor vehicle.

Das Frostschutzmittel ist vorzugsweise eine wasserlösliche, organische Substanz, insbesondere Glykol. Ein derartiges Frostschutzmittel wirkt sich nicht negativ auf den Refor- mierungsprozess und somit auf ein korrektes Betreiben des Brennstoffzellensystems aus.The antifreeze is preferably a water-soluble, organic substance, especially glycol. Such an anti-freeze does not have a negative effect on the reforming process and thus on the correct operation of the fuel cell system.

Das Brennstoffzellensystem kann ein Hauptantriebsaggregat eines Kraftfahrzeugs oder auch eine Brennstoffzelien-Hilfseinrichtung zur bedarfsweisen elektrischen Energieversorgung mindestens eines elektrischen Verbrauchers in einem Kraftfahrzeug mit Verbrennungsmotor sein.The fuel cell system can be a main drive unit of a motor vehicle or also a fuel cell auxiliary device for supplying electrical energy as required to at least one electrical consumer in a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the description.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand einer zugehörigen Zeichnung näher erläutert. In einer einzigen Figur ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Brennstoffzellensystem anhand eines Blockschaltbildes dargestellt.The invention is explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment with reference to an accompanying drawing. A fuel cell system according to the invention is shown in a single figure using a block diagram.

Die Figur zeigt in schematischer Darstellung ein allgemein mit 10 bezeichnetes Brennstoffzellensystem, beispielsweise eines Kraftfahrzeugs (nicht dargestellt). Das Brennstoffzellensystem 10 enthält eine Brennstoffzelleneinheit 30, eine Reformereinheit 32 und eine Wasserzuführeinrichtung 12. Die Wasserzuführeinrichtung 12 enthält einen ersten Wasserspeicher 20 und einen zweiten Wasserspeicher 22. Die Wasserspeicher 20, 22 können als Behälter ausgebildet sein. Der erste Wasserspeicher 22 ist mit einer Frostschutzmittel-Zuführeinheit 14 verbunden. Die Frostschutzmittel-Zuführeinheit 14 enthält einen Frostschutzmittel-Speicher 16 und ein Dosierventil 18, das zwischen dem Frostschutzmittel-Speicher 16 und dem ersten Wasserspeicher 20 geschaltet ist. Der Frostschutzmittel-Speicher 16 ist vorzugsweise als auffüllbarer und von der Frostschutzmittel- Zuführeinheit 14 trennbarer Behälter ausgebildet. Der zweite Wasserspeicher 22 dient zur Speicherung von reinem Wasser. Abgasaustrittsseitig der Brennstoffzelleneinheit 30 ist ein Wasserabscheider 48 vorgesehen, der mit dem ersten und zweiten Wasserspeicher 20, 22 verbunden ist unter Ausbildung eines geschlossenen Wasserkreislaufs im Brennstoffzellensystem 10.The figure shows a schematic illustration of a fuel cell system, generally designated 10, for example a motor vehicle (not shown). The fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel cell unit 30, a reformer unit 32 and a water supply device 12. The water supply device 12 contains a first water reservoir 20 and a second water reservoir 22. The water reservoirs 20, 22 can be designed as containers. The first water reservoir 22 is connected to an antifreeze supply unit 14. The antifreeze supply unit 14 contains an antifreeze reservoir 16 and a metering valve 18 which is connected between the antifreeze reservoir 16 and the first water reservoir 20. The antifreeze storage device 16 is preferably designed as a refillable container that can be separated from the antifreeze supply unit 14. The second water reservoir 22 is used to store pure water. A water separator 48 is provided on the exhaust gas outlet side of the fuel cell unit 30 and is connected to the first and second water reservoirs 20, 22, forming a closed water circuit in the fuel cell system 10.

Zum Betreiben des Brennstoffzellensystems 10 wird Kraftstoff gemäß Pfeil 34 der Reformereinheit 32 zugeführt, während Luft gemäß Pfeil 35 und Wasser gemäß Pfeil 36 zu einem Fördermittel 40 geleitet und anschließend als Luft-Wasser-Teilstrom entsprechend Pfeil 42 zur Reformereinheit 32 gefördert wird. In der Reformereinheit 32 findet ein an sich bekannter Reformierungsprozess statt. Die Reformereinheit 32 ist an ihrer Austrittsseite mittels einer Leitung (Pfeil 46) mit der Brennstoffzelleneinheit 30, insbesondere mit deren Anode, verbunden. Ferner ist das Fördermittel 40 zur Zuführung eines Luft- Wasser-Reststroms in die Brennstoffzelleneinheit 30 (Kathode) mit selbiger verbunden (Pfeil 44). Die Brennstoffzelleneinheit 30 dient zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Stromes und ist an sich bekannt. Das gemäß Pfeilen 47 weitergeleitete Brennstoffzellen-Abgas wird durch einen Wasserabscheider 48 geführt, welcher mittels einer Wasserrückführlei- tung (Pfeil 50) mit einem Drei-Wege-Ventil 26 verbunden ist. Vom Drei-Wege-Ventil 26 führt eine Wasserleitung (Pfeil 52) zum ersten Wasserspeicher 20 und eine weitere Wasserleitung (Pfeil 54) zum zweiten Wasserspeicher 22. Die Wasserspeicher 20, 22 sind jeweils mit einer Wasserleitung (Pfeile 56,58) mit einer Verbindungsstelle 27 verbunden, von welcher eine Wasserzuführleitung (Pfeil 36) zum Fördermittel 40 unter Zwischenschaltung eines weiteren Fördermittels 29 (Flüssigkeitspumpe) führt. Ferner ist der erste Wasserspeicher 20 mit mindestens einer weiteren Funktionseinheit, beispielsweise einer Wasserzuführeinrichtung einer Scheibenwischanlage des Kraftfahrzeugs, verbunden (Pfeil 60).To operate the fuel cell system 10, fuel is supplied to the reformer unit 32 according to arrow 34, while air is directed to a conveying means 40 according to arrow 35 and water according to arrow 36 and is then conveyed to the reformer unit 32 as an air-water partial flow according to arrow 42. A reforming process known per se takes place in the reformer unit 32. The reformer unit 32 is connected on its outlet side by means of a line (arrow 46) to the fuel cell unit 30, in particular to its anode. Furthermore, the conveying means 40 for supplying a residual air-water flow into the fuel cell unit 30 (cathode) is connected to the same (arrow 44). The fuel cell unit 30 is used to generate an electrical current and is known per se. The fuel cell exhaust gas passed on according to arrows 47 is passed through a water separator 48 which is connected to a three-way valve 26 by means of a water return line (arrow 50). From the three-way valve 26, a water pipe (arrow 52) leads to the first water reservoir 20 and a further water pipe (arrow 54) to the second water reservoir 22. The water reservoirs 20, 22 each have a water pipe (arrows 56, 58) with a connection point 27 connected, from which a water supply line (arrow 36) leads to the conveying means 40 with the interposition of a further conveying means 29 (liquid pump). Furthermore, the first water reservoir 20 is connected to at least one further functional unit, for example a water supply device of a windshield wiper system of the motor vehicle (arrow 60).

Eine zentrale Steuereinrichtung 24 dient zur automatisierten und flexiblen Wasserzuführung, gegebenenfalls mit Frostschutzmittel, im Brennstoffzellensystem 10. Hierzu ist die zentrale Steuereinrichtung 24 mit dem Dosierventil 18 und dem Drei-Wege-Ventil 26 operativ wirkverbunden (Pfeile 25). Zur Gewährleistung einer frostsicheren Wasserzuführung ist die zentrale Steuereinrichtung 24 ferner mit einer nicht dargestellten Messeinrichtung wirkverbunden (Pfeile 23), mittels welcher Informationen in Bezug auf die jeweils vorliegende Außentemperatur des Kraftfahrzeugs an die zentrale Steuereinrichtung 24 weitergegeben werden. Gegebenenfalls können auch zusätzliche Betriebsinformationen des Brennstoffzellensystems 10 an die zentrale Steuereinrichtung 24 übertragen werden, beispielsweise die jeweilige Wassertemperatur in der Wasserzuführeinrichtung 12, der jeweilige Füllstand im ersten Wasserspeicher 20, im zweiten Wasserspeicher 22 und/oder im Frostschutzmittelspeicher 16, und ähnliches. A central control device 24 is used for automated and flexible water supply, optionally with antifreeze, in the fuel cell system 10 Central control device 24 is operatively operatively connected to the metering valve 18 and the three-way valve 26 (arrows 25). To ensure a frost-proof water supply, the central control device 24 is also operatively connected to a measuring device (not shown) (arrows 23), by means of which information relating to the prevailing outside temperature of the motor vehicle is passed on to the central control device 24. If necessary, additional operating information of the fuel cell system 10 can also be transmitted to the central control device 24, for example the respective water temperature in the water supply device 12, the respective fill level in the first water storage device 20, in the second water storage device 22 and / or in the antifreeze storage device 16, and the like.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Brennstoffzellensystem, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, mit einer Wasserzuführeinrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wasserzuführeinrichtung (12) eine Frostschutzmittel-Zuführeinheit (14) aufweist.1. Fuel cell system, in particular of a motor vehicle, with a water supply device, characterized in that the water supply device (12) has an antifreeze supply unit (14). 2. Brennstoffzellensystem nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Frostschutzmittel-Zuführeinheit (14) als Dosiereinheit ausgebildet ist.2. Fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that the antifreeze supply unit (14) is designed as a metering unit. 3. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dosiereinheit (14) einen Frostschutzmittel-Speicher (16) und ein zwischengeschaltetes, mit der Wasserzuführeinrichtung (12) wirkverbundenes Dosierventil (18) aufweist.3. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metering unit (14) has an antifreeze reservoir (16) and an intermediate metering valve (18) which is operatively connected to the water supply device (12). 4. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Dosierventil (18) variabel einstellbar ist.4. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metering valve (18) is variably adjustable. 5. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wasserzuführeinrichtung (12) einen Wasserspeicher (20) aufweist, der mitteis der Frostschutzmittel-Zuführeinheit (14) mit Frostschutzmittel beaufschlagbar ist unter Ausbildung eines Wasser-Frostschutzmittel-Gemischs.5. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water supply device (12) has a water reservoir (20) which can be acted upon by the antifreeze supply unit (14) with antifreeze to form a water-antifreeze mixture. 6. Brennstoff∑ellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wasserzuführeinrichtung (12) zusätzlich einen weiteren, zweiten Wasserspeicher (22) aufweist, der ausschließlich zur Zwischenspeicherung von reinem Wasser dient.6. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water supply device (12) additionally has a further, second water reservoir (22) which is used exclusively for the intermediate storage of pure water. 7. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Wasserspeicher (20) und der zweite Wasserspeicher (22) zueinander parallel geschaltet sind.7. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first water reservoir (20) and the second water reservoir (22) are connected in parallel to one another. 8. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zentrale Steuereinrichtung (24) vorgesehen ist, die mit dem Dosierventil (18) und mit mindestens einem Zufluss- und/oder Abflussventil (26) des ersten Wasserspeichers (20) und gegebenenfalls des zweiten Wasserspeichers (22) operativ wirkverbunden ist.8. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a central control device (24) is provided, which with the Dosing valve (18) and with at least one inflow and / or outflow valve (26) of the first water reservoir (20) and optionally the second water reservoir (22) is operatively connected. 9. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und/oder zweite Wasserspeicher (20,22) Teil eines Was- serrückführstrangs (28) des Brennstoffzellensystems (10) ist.9. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or second water reservoir (20, 22) is part of a water return line (28) of the fuel cell system (10). 10. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine mit der zentralen Steuereinrichtung (24) wirkverbundene Messeinrichtung vorgesehen ist zur Ermittlung der Wassertemperatur in der Wasserzuführeinrichtung (12), insbesondere im ersten und/oder zweiten Wasserspeicher (20,22), und/oder zur Ermittlung der Außentemperatur.10. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a measuring device operatively connected to the central control device (24) is provided for determining the water temperature in the water supply device (12), in particular in the first and / or second water reservoir (20, 22), and / or to determine the outside temperature. 11. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messeinrichtung mindestens ein Füllstandselement aufweist zur Ermittlung der Wasser-Frostschutzmittel-Gemischmenge im ersten Wasserspeicher (20), der Wassermenge im zweiten Wasserspeicher (22) und/oder der Frostschutzmittelmenge im Frostschutzmittel-Speicher (16).11. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device has at least one level element for determining the amount of water-antifreeze mixture in the first water reservoir (20), the water amount in the second water reservoir (22) and / or the amount of antifreeze in the antifreeze. Memory (16). 12. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messeinrichtung mindestens ein Dichtemesselement aufweist zur Dichtemessung des im ersten Wasserspeicher (20) enthaltenen Wasser- Frostschutzmittel-Gemischs.12. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device has at least one density measuring element for measuring the density of the water / antifreeze mixture contained in the first water reservoir (20). 13. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine weitere Funktionseinheit (60) unter Zwischenschaltung eines insbesondere automatisiert einstellbaren Ventils mit dem ersten Wasserspeicher (20) wirkverbunden ist.13. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one further functional unit (60) is operatively connected to the first water reservoir (20) with the interposition of a valve which can be adjusted in particular in an automated manner. 14. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Frostschutzmittel eine wasserlösliche, organische Substanz, insbesondere Glykol ist.14. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antifreeze is a water-soluble, organic substance, in particular glycol. 15. Brennstoffzellensystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Hauptantriebsaggregat eines Kraftfahrzeugs oder eine Brennstoffzellen-Hilfseinrichtung zur bedarfsweisen elektrischen Energieversorgung mindestens eines elektrischen Verbrauchers in einem Kraftfahrzeug mit Verbrennungsmotor ist: 15. Fuel cell system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a main drive unit of a motor vehicle or a Fuel cell auxiliary device for supplying electrical energy as required to at least one electrical consumer in a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine is:
PCT/EP2002/007098 2001-08-22 2002-06-27 Fuel cell system with water supply device Ceased WO2003019708A2 (en)

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