WO2003019708A2 - Systeme de pile a combustible a dispositif d'alimentation en eau - Google Patents

Systeme de pile a combustible a dispositif d'alimentation en eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003019708A2
WO2003019708A2 PCT/EP2002/007098 EP0207098W WO03019708A2 WO 2003019708 A2 WO2003019708 A2 WO 2003019708A2 EP 0207098 W EP0207098 W EP 0207098W WO 03019708 A2 WO03019708 A2 WO 03019708A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
fuel cell
cell system
antifreeze
water reservoir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2002/007098
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003019708A3 (fr
Inventor
René Henrik Elias VAN DOORN
Jens Arik Almkermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of WO2003019708A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003019708A2/fr
Publication of WO2003019708A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003019708A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system, in particular a motor vehicle, with a water supply device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Fuel cell systems of the type mentioned are known. They contain a fuel cell unit and a reformer unit, fuel, air and water being required to generate electricity using the fuel cell unit. Water is supplied to the reformer unit for "on-board hydrogen production", water being able to be recovered after electricity has been generated in the fuel cell unit. It is thus possible to implement a closed water cycle in such a fuel cell system. Disadvantageously, a shortage of water in the fuel cell system can occur due to an existing sluggishness of condensation in the context of water recovery during dynamic operating load jumps. To dampen such bottleneck situations, a water container (water reservoir) is provided in a known manner in the fuel cell system, which is used to bridge short-term phases of unbalanced water balance in the fuel cell system.
  • Such a water reservoir serves to bridge cold start phases of the reformer unit, since in this operating phase the fuel cell unit is not yet active and therefore no water can yet be recovered for the reformer unit.
  • the water tank thus serves to ensure a balanced water balance in the fuel cell system in different operating situations, in particular to bridge cold start phases and dynamically occurring operating load peaks with corresponding jumps in water requirements.
  • no reliable or satisfactory water supply is guaranteed.
  • a fuel cell system with the features of claim 1 is proposed, which is characterized in that the water supply device device has an antifreeze supply unit. This enables a sufficient and reliable water supply to operate the fuel cell system even at ambient temperatures around the water freezing point or colder, since the fuel cell system can be operated in a relatively simple manner in a frost-proof manner by adding antifreeze to the water specified for operating the fuel cell system.
  • the antifreeze supply unit is advantageously designed as a metering unit. This ensures an adequate supply of antifreeze in the water provided for operating the fuel cell system, while at the same time wasting antifreeze in the form of an overdose can be avoided.
  • the metering unit preferably contains an antifreeze storage device and an intermediate metering valve that is operatively connected to the water supply device.
  • the anti-freeze reservoir can be designed as an exchangeable and / or refillable container.
  • the metering valve is preferably variably adjustable, so that metering of anti-freeze agent into the water provided for operating the fuel cell system is possible, depending on the operating parameters for the water supply.
  • the water supply device has a water reservoir which can be acted upon with antifreeze by means of the antifreeze supply unit to form a water / antifreeze mixture.
  • the water reservoir can be designed, for example, as a container and serves to bridge water supply bottlenecks which can occur in cold start phases and during operation of the fuel cell system, for example with dynamic load peaks.
  • a relatively precise determination of the respective metering amount of antifreeze is possible, since usually the amount of water contained in the water reservoir can be determined relatively easily.
  • the water supply device additionally has a further, second water reservoir which is used exclusively for intermediate storage of pure water is used.
  • the water supply device thus contains a first water reservoir with a water / antifreeze mixture and a second water reservoir with pure water. This makes it possible to implement a differentiated water supply in the fuel cell system depending on the prevailing ambient temperature.
  • the water / antifreeze mixture of the first water storage tank is only used to operate the fuel cell system at ambient temperatures around the water freezing point (0 ° C) or colder, while pure water can alternatively or additionally be supplied from the second water storage tank at ambient temperatures that are not critical for frost. This enables an advantageous reduction in the antifreeze consumption while at the same time ensuring correct operation of the fuel cell system.
  • the first water reservoir and the second water reservoir are preferably connected in parallel to one another. This enables a flexible water and / or water / antifreeze mixture feed to be carried out as a function of the prevailing ambient temperatures, while at the same time guaranteeing a generally desired reduction in antifreeze consumption.
  • a central control device is advantageously provided, which is operatively connected to the metering valve and to at least one inflow and / or outflow valve of the first water reservoir and optionally of the second water reservoir. This makes it possible to ensure an automated and possibly differentiated water supply in the fuel cell system.
  • the first and / or second water reservoir is advantageously part of a water return line of the fuel cell system. This enables the formation of a closed water cycle in the fuel cell system.
  • a measuring device that is operatively connected to the central control device is preferably provided for determining the water temperature in the water supply device, in particular in the first and / or second water reservoir, and / or for determining the outside temperature.
  • outside temperature is understood to mean the prevailing ambient temperature of the fuel cell system or of the motor vehicle.
  • the use of outside temperature sensors in motor vehicles is usually already part of a standard version, so that such a measurement instruments for realizing a reliable and possibly differentiated water supply can be easily used.
  • the measuring device can additionally have at least one fill level measuring element for determining the amount of water-antifreeze mixture in the first water reservoir, the water amount in the second water reservoir and / or the amount of antifreeze in the antifreeze reservoir.
  • the determined data of such a measuring device serve to ensure adequate antifreeze metering, while an effective antifreeze consumption reduction is possible at the same time.
  • the measuring device can also have at least one density measuring element for measuring the density of the water / antifreeze mixture contained in the first water reservoir.
  • At least one further functional unit is operatively connected to the first water reservoir with the interposition of a valve that can be adjusted in particular in an automated manner.
  • a further functional unit can be, for example, the water supply device of one or more windshield wiper systems of a motor vehicle.
  • the antifreeze is preferably a water-soluble, organic substance, especially glycol. Such an anti-freeze does not have a negative effect on the reforming process and thus on the correct operation of the fuel cell system.
  • the fuel cell system can be a main drive unit of a motor vehicle or also a fuel cell auxiliary device for supplying electrical energy as required to at least one electrical consumer in a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine.
  • the figure shows a schematic illustration of a fuel cell system, generally designated 10, for example a motor vehicle (not shown).
  • the fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel cell unit 30, a reformer unit 32 and a water supply device 12.
  • the water supply device 12 contains a first water reservoir 20 and a second water reservoir 22.
  • the water reservoirs 20, 22 can be designed as containers.
  • the first water reservoir 22 is connected to an antifreeze supply unit 14.
  • the antifreeze supply unit 14 contains an antifreeze reservoir 16 and a metering valve 18 which is connected between the antifreeze reservoir 16 and the first water reservoir 20.
  • the antifreeze storage device 16 is preferably designed as a refillable container that can be separated from the antifreeze supply unit 14.
  • the second water reservoir 22 is used to store pure water.
  • a water separator 48 is provided on the exhaust gas outlet side of the fuel cell unit 30 and is connected to the first and second water reservoirs 20, 22, forming a closed water circuit in the fuel cell system 10.
  • fuel is supplied to the reformer unit 32 according to arrow 34, while air is directed to a conveying means 40 according to arrow 35 and water according to arrow 36 and is then conveyed to the reformer unit 32 as an air-water partial flow according to arrow 42.
  • a reforming process known per se takes place in the reformer unit 32.
  • the reformer unit 32 is connected on its outlet side by means of a line (arrow 46) to the fuel cell unit 30, in particular to its anode.
  • the conveying means 40 for supplying a residual air-water flow into the fuel cell unit 30 (cathode) is connected to the same (arrow 44).
  • the fuel cell unit 30 is used to generate an electrical current and is known per se.
  • the fuel cell exhaust gas passed on according to arrows 47 is passed through a water separator 48 which is connected to a three-way valve 26 by means of a water return line (arrow 50).
  • a water pipe (arrow 52) leads to the first water reservoir 20 and a further water pipe (arrow 54) to the second water reservoir 22.
  • the water reservoirs 20, 22 each have a water pipe (arrows 56, 58) with a connection point 27 connected, from which a water supply line (arrow 36) leads to the conveying means 40 with the interposition of a further conveying means 29 (liquid pump).
  • the first water reservoir 20 is connected to at least one further functional unit, for example a water supply device of a windshield wiper system of the motor vehicle (arrow 60).
  • a central control device 24 is used for automated and flexible water supply, optionally with antifreeze, in the fuel cell system 10
  • Central control device 24 is operatively operatively connected to the metering valve 18 and the three-way valve 26 (arrows 25).
  • the central control device 24 is also operatively connected to a measuring device (not shown) (arrows 23), by means of which information relating to the prevailing outside temperature of the motor vehicle is passed on to the central control device 24.
  • additional operating information of the fuel cell system 10 can also be transmitted to the central control device 24, for example the respective water temperature in the water supply device 12, the respective fill level in the first water storage device 20, in the second water storage device 22 and / or in the antifreeze storage device 16, and the like.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de pile à combustible (10), plus particulièrement prévu pour un véhicule à moteur, comprenant un dispositif d'alimentation en eau (12) et caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'alimentation en eau (12) présente une unité d'amenée d'antigel (14).
PCT/EP2002/007098 2001-08-22 2002-06-27 Systeme de pile a combustible a dispositif d'alimentation en eau Ceased WO2003019708A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10140176.0 2001-08-22
DE10140176A DE10140176A1 (de) 2001-08-22 2001-08-22 Brennstoffzellensystem mit einer Wasserzufuhreinrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003019708A2 true WO2003019708A2 (fr) 2003-03-06
WO2003019708A3 WO2003019708A3 (fr) 2003-12-18

Family

ID=7695609

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/007098 Ceased WO2003019708A2 (fr) 2001-08-22 2002-06-27 Systeme de pile a combustible a dispositif d'alimentation en eau

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10140176A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003019708A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10328960A1 (de) * 2003-06-27 2005-02-17 Volkswagen Ag Brennstoffzellensystem mit Abgasrezirkulationseinheit und Verfahren für den Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1061600A3 (fr) * 1999-06-14 2004-05-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de cellules à combustible
DE10000514C2 (de) * 2000-01-08 2002-01-10 Daimler Chrysler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003019708A3 (fr) 2003-12-18
DE10140176A1 (de) 2003-03-13

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