WO2003085149A1 - Pealite based rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for production thereof - Google Patents
Pealite based rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for production thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003085149A1 WO2003085149A1 PCT/JP2003/004364 JP0304364W WO03085149A1 WO 2003085149 A1 WO2003085149 A1 WO 2003085149A1 JP 0304364 W JP0304364 W JP 0304364W WO 03085149 A1 WO03085149 A1 WO 03085149A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rail
- head
- pearlite
- steel
- ductility
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
Definitions
- the present invention improves the wear resistance required for the rail head of heavy-duty railways, and at the same time improves the ductility by controlling the number of fine block blocks on the rail head.
- a private rail designed to increase resistance to breakage and reduce the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite structure in the rail column and foot, and to prevent deterioration in the toughness of the rail column and foot.
- the heating conditions of the steel slab for rails (slabs) are optimized to prevent cracking and breakage during hot rolling, and the decarburization of the outer surface of the steel slab (slab) is suppressed to achieve high efficiency.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-quality perlite rails. Background art
- a fine pearlite structure is formed from eutectoid carbon-containing steel (C: 0.7 to 0.8%) and intended to have high strength.
- C eutectoid carbon-containing steel
- rail breakage was likely to occur because of insufficient ductility and low ductility.
- a fine pearlite structure is generated from hypereutectoid carbon steel (C: more than 0.85 to 1.20%), and the cementite density in the lamellar pearlite structure is increased. It was to improve wear resistance.
- the carbon content was higher than the current eutectoid carbon-containing steel, the ductility was liable to decrease and the resistance to rail breakage was low.
- a segregation zone enriched with carbon and alloy elements is likely to form at the center of the slab at the forging stage of the molten steel, and especially along the segregation zone in the rolled rail column as shown by reference numeral 5 in FIG.
- a part of the slab is melted at an inappropriate heating temperature, causing cracks during the rolling and breaking. Or cracks remain in the rail after final rolling, resulting in a decrease in product yield.
- the temperature at the end of the rolling process is lowered compared to other parts, and a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is generated before heat treatment. .
- segregation bands of various alloy elements remain, and there is a problem that a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is likely to be formed, resulting in fatigue from the foot part and column part. There was a problem that cracks and brittle cracks could not be completely prevented.
- the present invention improves the wear resistance and ductility required for the head of heavy-duty railroad rails, particularly increases resistance to rail breakage, and prevents the formation of proeutectoid cementite structures.
- the present invention provides a pearlite rail with improved wear resistance and ductility, which has improved resistance to smashing of the rail pillar, foot and toe, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention heats a steel slab (slab) containing a high carbon content for rail rolling. Wear resistance by optimizing the maximum heating temperature and holding time in the reheating process during hot rolling, preventing cracking and breaking during rolling, and suppressing decarburization of the rail outer surface.
- the present invention provides a high-efficiency, high-quality perlite rail that suppresses the decrease in fatigue strength.
- the rail head portion, the column portion, and the foot portion are accelerated and further cooled.
- the generation of pro-eutectoid cementite structure is prevented to prevent the occurrence of fatigue cracks, brittle cracks and tough cracks, and at the same time, the wear resistance of the rail head.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a pearlite rail with excellent wear resistance and ductility that ensures uniformity of the material in the longitudinal direction of the rail and ductility of the rail head.
- the present invention achieves the above object, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- the particle size 1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m pearlite-based rail par Lai heat block is excellent in wear resistance and ductility, characterized in that there inspection area 0 ⁇ 2 mm 2 per 200 or more.
- An excellent wear resistance and ductility characterized by the presence of 200 or more perlite blocks with a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m per area of 0.2 mm 2 in at least part of the range up to 10 mm. To rail.
- the C content is more than 0.85% to 1.40%. To rail.
- the hardness within the range of at least 20mm from the corner of the head and the surface of the top is Hv: 300
- NS (CE) is the value (CE) of the following structure (NC), and NS ⁇ CE, the generation of the primary segregation structure of the rail column Perlite rail with excellent wear resistance and ductility, characterized by reduced volume.
- the finish rolling is performed in the range where the surface temperature of the rail is in the range of 850 to 1000 ° C, and the cross-section reduction rate of the final pass is After finishing rolling to 6% or more, the head of the rail is accelerated and cooled from the austenite temperature to at least 550 ° C at a cooling rate of 1 to 30 ° C / sec.
- At least 200 perlite block with a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ should exist at least 200 parts per area of 0.2mm 2 with a minimum depth of 10mm starting from the top surface.
- a parlite with excellent wear resistance and ductility, characterized in that there are 200 or more block blocks per test area of 0.2 mm 2 A method for manufacturing rails.
- the rolling reduction in hot rolling of the steel rail has a cross-section reduction rate of 1 to 30 per pass.
- the head of the rail is mounted within 200 seconds after the finish rolling in the hot rolling of the steel rail.
- a method for producing a pearlite rail with excellent wear resistance and ductility characterized by accelerated cooling from an austenite temperature range to a cooling rate of 1 to 30 ° C / sec to at least 550 ° C.
- the head of the rail is mounted within 200 seconds after the finish rolling in the hot rolling of the steel rail. From the austenite temperature to the cooling rate of 1 to 30 ° C Zsec to at least 550 ° C, and 2 Abrasion resistance and ductility characterized by accelerated cooling of the column and foot of the rail from the austenite temperature within a range of 1 to 10 ° C / sec to at least 650 ° C within 00 seconds A superior method for manufacturing perlite rails.
- a steel slab or slab having the steel component is hot rolled into a rail shape within 60 seconds.
- the steel rail foot is accelerated from the austenite temperature to a cooling rate of 1 to 10 ° C Zsec to at least 650 ° C, and the steel rail head, column and foot are austenized.
- a method for producing a pearlite rail with excellent wear resistance and ductility characterized by accelerated cooling to a temperature of at least 650 ° C at a cooling rate of 5 to 20 ° C / sec.
- a steel slab or slab having the steel component is hot rolled into a rail shape within 100 seconds.
- the steel rail column is The steel rail head and feet are accelerated and cooled at a cooling rate of 2 to 20 ° CZsec to a minimum of 650 ° C, and the steel rail head and feet are cooled from the austenite temperature to a cooling rate of 1 to 10 ° CZsec.
- the steel slab or slab having the steel component is hot rolled into a rail shape within 60 seconds.
- the steel rail post is accelerated and cooled from the austenite temperature to a cooling rate of 5 to 20 ° C Zsec to at least 650 ° C, and within 100 seconds after hot rolling.
- the steel rail is accelerated and cooled at a cooling rate of 2 to 20 ° C / sec to at least 650 ° C, and the head and feet of the steel rail are cooled from the austenite temperature to the cooling rate of 1 to:
- a steel slab or slab having the steel component is hot rolled into a rail shape within 60 seconds.
- the temperature of the foot part of the steel rail is increased by 50 ⁇ from the temperature before the temperature rise: LOO ° C, and the head, column and foot of the steel rail are cooled from the austenite temperature to 1 ⁇ 10
- the steel slab or slab having the steel component is hot rolled into a rail shape within 100 seconds.
- the temperature of the steel rail column is 20 ⁇ higher than before the temperature rise: LOO ° C, and the head, column and foot of the steel rail are cooled from the austenite temperature to 1-10 ° C / sec range
- the steel slab or slab having the steel component is hot rolled into a rail shape within 60 seconds.
- the temperature of the foot part of the steel rail is increased by 20 ⁇ from before the temperature rise: LOO ° C, and the temperature of the column part of the steel rail is raised within 100 seconds after the hot rolling. 20 ⁇ ; increase the LOO ° C, and accelerate the steel rail head, column and foot from the austenite temperature to the cooling rate 1 ⁇ : LCTCZsec to at least 650 ° C.
- TCR 0.05 TH (° C / sec) +0.10 TS (° C / sec) +0.50 TJ (° C / sec)
- the C content is 0.85 to 1.40%, which is excellent in wear resistance and ductility.
- the wear resistance is characterized in that the rail length after hot rolling is 100 to 200 m. And a method for producing a perlite rail with excellent ductility.
- the head of the perlite rail according to any one of (1) to (10) Manufacture of pearlite rails with excellent wear resistance and ductility, characterized by a hardness of at least 20mm in the range of Hv: 300-500, starting from the corner and head surface Method.
- Fig. 1 shows the names of the rail parts.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a method for evaluating the generation status of proeutectoid cementite structures.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a designation of the head section cross-sectional surface position and a region where wear resistance is required of the parlite rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the Nishihara type wear tester.
- Fig. 5 shows the specimen collection position in the abrasion test shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the specimen collection positions in the tensile tests shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Figure 7 shows the relationship between the amount of carbon and the amount of wear in the wear test results for the rail steel of the present invention shown in Table 1 (symbol: 1 to 12) and the comparative rail steel shown in Table 2 (symbol: 13 to 22).
- Table 1 shows the relationship between the amount of carbon and the amount of wear in the wear test results for the rail steel of the present invention shown in Table 1 (symbol: 1 to 12) and the comparative rail steel shown in Table 2 (symbol: 13 to 22).
- Figure 8 shows the relationship between the amount of carbon and the total elongation in the tensile test results for the rail steel of the present invention shown in Table 1 (symbol: 1 to 12) and the comparative rail steel shown in Table 2 (symbol: 17 to 22 V). The figure shown.
- Figure 9 shows an overview of the rolling wear tester for rails and wheels.
- Fig. 10 shows details of each part of the rail head.
- the inventors first organized the relationship between the occurrence of rail breakage and the mechanical properties of the parlite structure. As a result, the load speed of the rail head generated by the contact with the wheel is relatively slow, so the breakage phenomenon generated from the rail head is more than the evaluation by the impact test with a relatively high load speed. It was confirmed that there is a good correlation with the ductility at.
- the present inventors re-examined the relationship between ductility and block size of the pearlite structure in a steel rail having a high carbon content pearlite structure.
- the ductility of the pearlite structure tends to improve, but in the region where the average pearlite particle size is very fine. It was confirmed that the ductility was not sufficiently improved even if the average particle size of the particles was simply refined. Therefore, the present inventors have determined that the average block particle size of the particulate structure
- the ductility of the pearlite structure is not an average block particle size but a correlation with the number of fine pearlite block particles having a certain particle size.
- the wear resistance and ductility of the rail head can be improved at the same time by controlling the number of fine pearlite blocks with a certain grain size on the rail head. I found out.
- the present invention improves the wear resistance of the head in a heavy-duty railway rail having a high carbon content, and at the same time, controls the number of fine pearlite grains having a certain grain size.
- the purpose of this is to improve ductility and prevent the occurrence of breakage such as rail breakage.
- a pearlite block with a particle size of more than 15 ⁇ m does not greatly contribute to improving the ductility of a fine pearlite structure.
- a pearlite block with a particle size of less than 1 ⁇ contributes to improving the ductility of a fine pearlite structure, but its contribution is small.
- the particle size of the perlite block that defines the number of grains was limited to the range of 1 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the reason why the number of perlite blocks having a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m is specified to be 200 or more per 0.2 mm 2 of test area will be explained. This is because when the number of perlite blocks having a grain size of 1 15 ⁇ m per 0.2 mm 2 of test area is less than 200, the ductility of the fine perlite structure cannot be improved. Although there is no upper limit on the number of particles of pearlite blocks with a particle size of 1 15 ⁇ m, due to restrictions on rolling temperature during rail manufacturing and cooling conditions during heat treatment, 1000 per 0.2 ⁇ 2 is the upper limit.
- the depth starting from the corner of the head and the surface of the top of the head, where the number of particles of perlite block with a particle size of 1 15 ⁇ ⁇ per 0,2mm 2 in area to be examined is 200 or more
- the range up to 10 is limited to at least a part.
- Breakage that occurs from the rail head basically starts from the rail head surface. For this reason, in order to prevent rail breakage, it is necessary to increase the ductility of the rail head surface part, that is, the number of particles of a parallel block having a particle size of 115 ⁇ m.
- the experiment investigated the correlation between the rail head surface ductility and the rail head surface parlite block, and the rail head surface ductility ranged from the top surface to a depth of lOmin. It was found that there was a correlation with the size of the private block.
- Measurements according to the procedure of 2 ⁇ 7 below par Lai Toburo Tsu perform particle size measurement of click, force the number of grains of pearlite heat block having a particle size 1 to 1 [delta] mu m per inspection area 0. 2 mm 2 Unto did. Measurements were made at least 2 fields of view at each observation position, the number of grains was counted according to the following procedure, and the average value was taken as the representative number of grains at the observation position.
- Particle size measurement After measuring the area of each pearlite block grain, assuming that the pearlite block is circular, calculate the radius of each crystal grain, calculate the diameter, and calculate the value of the pearlite block. The particle size.
- C is an effective element that promotes pearlite transformation and ensures wear resistance. If the amount of C is 0.65% or less, the hardness of the pearlite structure of the rail head cannot be secured, and further, a pro-eutectoid ferrite and an it structure are formed, wear resistance is reduced, and the service life of the rail is shortened. descend. In addition, if the C content exceeds 1.40%, the rail head surface and the inside of the pearlite structure inside the head The formation of the pro-eutectoid cementite structure and the density of the cementite phase in the parlite structure increase and the ductility of the parrite structure decreases. Also
- the number of primary cementation intersections (NC) in the column increases and the toughness of the rail column decreases. For this reason, the C content was limited to 0.65 to 1 ⁇ 40%.
- the density of cementite phase in the parlite structure is further increased, and the C content exceeding 0.85% can be further improved. desirable.
- Si is an essential component as a deoxidizer.
- it is an element that increases the hardness (strength) of the rail head by solid solution hardening to the ferrite phase in the parlite structure. At the same time, it suppresses the formation of proeutectoid cementite structure, and the hardness and toughness of the rail. It is an element that improves.
- the content is less than 0.05%, the effect cannot be expected sufficiently, and hardness does not improve toughness.
- it exceeds 2.00% a lot of surface defects are generated during hot rolling, and weldability is deteriorated due to generation of oxides.
- the pallet structure itself becomes brittle and not only does the ductility of the rail deteriorate, but also causes surface damage such as sporting, which reduces the service life of the rail. Therefore, the Si content is limited to 0.05 to 2.00%.
- Mn is an element that increases the hardenability and refines the distance between the pearlite lamellas to ensure the hardness of the pearlite structure and improve the wear resistance.
- the content is less than 0.05%, the effect is small and it is difficult to ensure the wear resistance required for the rail.
- it exceeds 2.00% the hardenability is remarkably increased, the wear resistance is likely to form a martensite structure harmful to toughness, segregation is promoted, and the high carbon steel component system In (C> 0.85%), the pro-eutectoid cementite structure is generated in the column, etc., and the number of NCs in the column is increased and the toughness of the rail is reduced. For this reason, the amount of Mn was limited to 0.05 to 2.00%.
- P is an element that strengthens ferrite and improves the hardness of the parlite structure.
- the content exceeds 0.030%, it is an element with high segregation properties, so segregation of other elements is also promoted, and the formation of the primary eutectoid cementite structure of the column is greatly accelerated.
- the number of primary cementation intersections (NC) in the column increases, and the toughness of the rail column decreases. Therefore, the P content is limited to 0.030% or less.
- S generates MnS and forms a thin Mn band around MnS, thereby contributing to the promotion of pearlite transformation, and as a result, by reducing the pearlite block size. It is an element that is effective in improving the toughness of the pearlite structure.
- the content exceeds 0.025%, segregation of Mn is promoted, and the formation of the proeutectoid cementite structure of the column is greatly promoted.
- the number of first order cementite intersections (NC) in the column increases and the toughness of the rail column decreases. For this reason, the amount of S was limited to 0.025% or less.
- the rails manufactured with the above composition have improved wear resistance by strengthening the parlite structure, prevention of toughness reduction by suppressing the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite structure, softening of the heat affected zone of the welded part,
- Cr, Mo, V, Nb, B, Co, Cu, Ni, Ti, Mg, Ca, Al, and Zr elements can be added as required.
- V and Nb suppress the growth of austenite grains by carbides and nitrides generated during hot rolling and subsequent cooling processes. Precipitation hardening improves the ductility and hardness of the pearlite structure. In addition, carbides and nitrides are stably generated during reheating to prevent softening of the weld joint heat-affected zone. B reduces the dependency of the parrite transformation temperature on the cooling rate, and makes the hardness distribution of the rail head uniform. Co and Cu dissolve in the ferrite in the pearlite structure and increase the hardness of the pearlite structure. Ni prevents embrittlement during hot rolling due to the addition of Cu, and at the same time improves the hardness of the pearlite steel and further prevents softening of the heat-affected zone of the weld joint.
- Ti refines the structure of the heat-affected zone and prevents embrittlement of the weld joint.
- Mg and Ca reduce the austenite grain size during rail rolling, and at the same time promote pearlite transformation and improve the ductility of the pearlite structure.
- A1 moves the eutectoid transformation temperature to the high temperature side, and simultaneously moves the eutectoid carbon concentration to the high carbon side, strengthening the pearlite structure and suppressing the formation of proeutectoid cementite, and resistance to rail wear. To prevent the deterioration and toughness reduction.
- Zr contains Zr0 2 inclusions as solidification nuclei in high-carbon rail steel, and by increasing the equiaxed crystallization rate of the solidified structure, it suppresses the formation of segregation bands at the center of the slab and is harmful to the toughness of the rail Suppresses generation of proeutectoid cementite structure.
- N is mainly added to improve toughness by accelerating the pearlite transformation from the austenite grain boundaries and by refining the pearlite structure.
- NC increases and the toughness of the rail column decreases. For this reason, the Cr content was limited to 0.05 to 2.00%.
- Mo like Cr raises the equilibrium transformation point of the pearlite and, as a result, refines the distance between the pallet lamellae and contributes to increased hardness (strength). It is an element that improves the hardness (strength), but if it is less than 0.01%, the effect is small, and the effect of improving the hardness of the rail steel is not seen at all. In addition, if excessive addition exceeding 0.50% is performed, the transformation rate of the pearlite structure is remarkably reduced, and a martensite structure that is harmful to toughness is easily formed. Therefore, the Mo addition amount is limited to 0.01 to 0.50%.
- V is refined by the pinning effect of V carbide and V nitride when heat treatment is performed at a high temperature, and V carbide generated in the cooling process after hot rolling, It is an element effective for improving ductility as well as increasing the hardness (strength) of the pearlite structure by precipitation hardening with V nitride. It is also effective in preventing softening of the weld joint heat-affected zone by generating V carbide and V nitride at a relatively high temperature range in the heat-affected zone reheated to a temperature range below the AC1 point. Element. However, if it is less than 0.005%, the effect cannot be sufficiently expected, and no improvement in the hardness or ductility of the pearlite structure is observed. If added over 0.5%, coarse V carbides and V nitrides are formed, and the toughness of the rails and internal fatigue damage are reduced. For this reason, the amount of V was limited to 0.005 to 0.500%.
- Nb like V, causes fine graining of austenite grains due to the pinning effect of Nb carbide and Nb nitride when heat treatment is performed at a high temperature. It is an element effective for improving ductility as well as increasing the hardness (strength) of the parlite structure by precipitation hardening with Nb carbide and Nb nitride generated in the cooling process after hot rolling. is there.
- Nb carbide and Nb nitride are stably generated from the low temperature range to the high temperature range, and the weld joint heat-affected zone is softened. It is an effective element to prevent.
- the effect cannot be expected at less than 0.002%, and no improvement in the hardness or ductility of the pearlite structure is observed. Also, if added over 0.050%, coarse Nb carbides and Nb nitrides are formed, and the toughness of the rails and the internal fatigue damage resistance are reduced. For this reason, the amount of Nb was limited to 0.002 to 0.050%. .
- B forms iron boride, suppresses the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite, and at the same time reduces the dependence of the perlite transformation temperature on the cooling rate, makes the head hardness distribution uniform, and lowers the toughness of the rail
- the content is less than 0.0001%, the effect is not sufficient, and the hardness distribution of the rail head is not improved.
- coarse iron boride is formed, and ductility, toughness, and further, fatigue damage resistance of the heel portion are greatly reduced. Limited to 0050%.
- Co is an element that dissolves in ferrite in the parlite structure and improves the hardness (strength) of the parlite structure by strengthening the solid solution, and further increases the transformation energy of the parlite, Although it is an element that improves ductility by making the weave finer, its effect cannot be expected at less than 0.10%. Also, if added over 2.00%, the ductility of the ferrite phase is remarkably reduced, and spalling damage is generated on the rolling surface, and the surface damage resistance of the rail is lowered. For this reason, the amount of Co was limited to 0.10 to 2.00%.
- Cu is an element that dissolves in ferrite in the parlite structure and improves the hardness (strength) of the parlite structure by solid solution strengthening.
- Ni is an element that prevents embrittlement during hot rolling due to the addition of Cu and, at the same time, increases the hardness (strength) of perlite steel by strengthening the solid solution in the ferrite. Furthermore, in the weld heat affected zone, an intermetallic compound of Ni 3 Ti that is combined with Ti precipitates finely and suppresses softening by precipitation strengthening. However, if it is less than 0.01%, the effect is low. If it is extremely small, and if it is added in excess of 1.00%, the ductility of the ferrite phase is remarkably reduced, and the surface damage resistance of the rail is deteriorated due to the occurrence of spalling damage on the rolling surface. For this reason, the amount of Ni is 0.01-! ⁇ Limited to 00%.
- the structure of the heat-affected zone heated to the austenite region is refined, and the weld joint It is an effective component for preventing embrittlement.
- the effect is small, and if added over 0 ⁇ 0500%, coarse Ti carbides and Ti nitrides are formed, and the ductility and toughness of the rail, in addition to this, Since the internal fatigue damage is greatly reduced, the Ti content is limited to 0.0050% to 0.050%.
- Mg combines with 0, S, A1, etc. to form fine oxides, and suppresses crystal grain growth and refining austenite grains during reheating during rail rolling. It is an effective element to improve the ductility of the pearlite structure.
- Mg0 and MgS finely disperse MnS, forming a thin Mn band around MnS, contributing to the formation of pearlite transformation. As a result, it is an effective element for improving the ductility of the pearlite structure by reducing the size of the pearlite block.
- the effect is weak, and if added over 0.0200%, a coarse oxide of Mg is generated, which reduces the toughness of the rail and further the internal fatigue damage resistance.
- the amount of Mg was limited to 0.0005% to 0.0200%.
- Ca has a strong bonding force with S, and forms sulfides as CaS. Furthermore, CaS finely disperses MnS, forming a thin Mn band around MnS, which produces a pearlite transformation. It contributes, and as a result, it is an effective element for improving the ductility of the pearlite structure by reducing the size of the pearlite block. However, if the amount is less than 0.0005%, the effect is weak, and if added over 0.0150%, a coarse oxide of Ca is generated, which reduces the toughness of the rail and further the internal fatigue damage resistance. The Ca content was limited to 0.0005 to 0.0150%.
- A1 is an element that moves the eutectoid transformation temperature to the high temperature side and simultaneously the eutectoid carbon concentration to the high carbon side.By increasing the strength of the pearlite structure and suppressing the formation of the eutectoid cementite structure, It is an element that prevents toughness deterioration, but if it is less than 0.0008%, its effect is weak, and if added over 1.00%, it becomes difficult to dissolve in steel and it becomes the starting point of fatigue damage Coarse alumina inclusions are generated, reducing the toughness of the rail and the resistance to internal fatigue damage. In addition, oxides were formed during welding, and the weldability was significantly reduced. Therefore, the A1 content was limited to 0.0008 to 1.00%.
- Zr has good lattice matching with ⁇ _ Fe because the inclusion of Zr 0 2 inclusions, ⁇ — Fe becomes the solidification nucleus of the high-carbon rail steel that is the solidification primary crystal, and increases the equiaxed crystallization rate of the solidification structure. Therefore, it is an element that suppresses the formation of a segregation zone at the center of the flake and suppresses the formation of a pro-eutectoid cementite structure that is harmful to the toughness of the rail.
- the Zr amount is 0.0001% or less, rather small, Zr0 2 based inclusions the number, it does not exhibit sufficient effects as a solidified nuclei.
- the first analysis The effect of suppressing the formation of pit tissue is reduced.
- the Zr content exceeds 0.200%, a large amount of coarse Zr-based inclusions are generated, resulting in reduced rail toughness and internal fatigue damage starting from the coarse Zr-based inclusions.
- the service life of the rail is reduced. Therefore, the amount of Zr is limited to 0.0001 to 0.2000%.
- N segregates at the austenite grain boundary, promotes the pearlite transformation from the austenite grain boundary, and improves the toughness and ductility of the pearlite structure by refining the pearlite block size. It is an effective element. However, if less than 0.0040%, the effect is weak, and if added over 0.0200%, it becomes difficult to make a solid solution in the steel, and bubbles starting from fatigue damage are generated inside the wheel. The amount of N was limited to 0.0040 to 0.0200%.
- Rail steel composed of the above components is melted in a commonly used melting furnace such as a converter or electric furnace, and this molten steel is ingot-bundled or continuously forged. Manufactured as a rail through hot rolling. Next, by applying accelerated cooling to the hot rolled rail that holds high-temperature heat, or to the rail head that has been reheated to a high temperature for the purpose of heat treatment, Can be stably generated.
- a parelite probe with a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m is to be examined at least in part of the range from the corner of the head of the rail and the surface of the top to a depth of lOinm.
- the temperature at the time of hot rolling is set as low as possible, and further, accelerated cooling is performed as soon as possible after rolling, so that austenite grain growth immediately after rolling is achieved. It is desirable to reduce the rate of reduction in the final rolling and to perform accelerated cooling while accumulating high strain energy in the austenite grains.
- Preferred hot rolling, heat treatment The theoretical conditions are a final rolling temperature of 980 ° C or lower, a final rolling area reduction of 6% or higher, and an accelerated cooling rate of 1 ° C / sec or higher from the average from the austenite region to 550 ° C.
- the preferred reheating heat treatment conditions are a reheating temperature of iooo ° c or lower, and an accelerated cooling rate of 5 ° C Zsec or higher from the austenite region to 550 ° C.
- the service life of the rail If it is less than 20 mm, considering the service life of the rail, the area that requires the wear resistance required for the rail is small, and it is difficult to ensure a sufficient service life of the rail.
- the hardness is in the range of Hv300 to 500, starting from the head surface at the head corner and the top, the depth of the rail is 30 mm or more, the service life of the rail is further improved. desirable.
- Fig. 1 shows the names of each part of the rail, where 1 is the top of the head, 2 is the head side (corner) on the left and right of the rail, and 3 is the lower jaw on the left and right of the rail.
- Reference numeral 4 denotes the inside of the head, which is near the position 30 mm deep from the center of the rail width at the top of the head.
- Fig. 3 shows the area where the name of the head section surface position of the pearlite rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility according to the present invention and the part structure of hardness Hv300 ⁇ 500 is required.
- 1 is the top of the head
- 2 is the head corner
- one of the head corners 2 is the gauge corner (G.) that mainly contacts the wheel. If the perlite structure of this component system with a hardness of Hv300 to 500 is placed at least within the diagonal line in the figure, it is possible to ensure the wear resistance of the rail.
- the pearlite structure with controlled hardness near the rail head surface where the wheel and the rail mainly contact each other, and the other part may be a metal structure other than the pearlite structure.
- the present inventors quantified the generation amount of the pro-eutectoid cementite structure generated in the rail column part.
- the number of pro-eutectoid cementite structures (1 ⁇ , hereafter, the number of cross-sections of pro-eutectoid cementite) intersecting a certain length of perpendicular line segments at a certain field magnification A good correlation with the formation state was observed, indicating that the formation state of the primary analysis cementite structure can be quantified.
- the present inventors investigated the relationship between the toughness of the column and the formation state of the pro-eutectoid cementite structure using a steel rail with a high carbon-containing parlite structure.
- the toughness of the rail column has a negative correlation with the number of NCs in the first analysis cementite.
- the toughness of the rail column does not decrease when the number of intersecting lines (NC) below a certain value. 3It becomes the threshold of occurrence of toughness deterioration It was revealed that the number of NCs in the pro-eutectoid cementite was correlated with the chemical composition of the steel rail.
- the present inventors have obtained the relationship between the number of cross-sections of the pro-eutectoid cementite (NC) and the chemical composition of the steel rail, which are threshold values for the deterioration of the toughness of the rail column, by multiple correlation.
- CE value the value of Equation 1
- the first analysis cementite intersection line that becomes the threshold for the occurrence of toughness deterioration is calculated. I found that the number (NC) was required.
- the present inventors have determined that the number of intersections (NC) in the rail column portion is equal to or less than the CE value calculated from the chemical component of the rail. As a result, it was found that the amount of the first Huawei cementite structure produced in the column part was reduced compared to the current steel rail, and that the toughness of the column part of the rail could be prevented from decreasing.
- NC Number of lines of intersection with the primary analysis cementite structure of the column
- CE Equation 1
- the number of lines of primary analysis cementite at the center of the neutral axis of the rail column NC
- NC nucleation lines
- NC priming cementite
- the first praying cementite is likely to form in the former austenite grain boundaries.
- the center part of the neutral axis of the rail column that reveals the primary analysis cementite structure is observed with an optical microscope.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of this measurement method.
- it is desirable to observe at least 5 fields of view taking the average value as a representative value, taking into account the variation in the primary analysis cement structure due to the strength of prejudice.
- the formula for calculating the CE value is to investigate the relationship between the toughness of the column and the formation state of the pro-eutectoid cementite structure using steel rails with a high carbon-containing parlite structure, and then toughness reduction at the rail column
- the relationship between the number of intersecting lines of the first analysis cement (NC), which is the threshold value for occurrence of nuclei, and the chemical composition (mass%) of the steel rail was obtained by multiple correlation.
- the correlation equation (Equation 1) is shown below.
- CE 60 [mass% C] -10 [mass% Si] +10 [mass% Mn] +500 [mass% P] +50 [mass% S] +30 [mass% Cr] -54 --- (1 )
- the coefficient of each chemical component represents the degree of contribution to the formation of the cementite structure of the rail column, where + indicates a positive correlation, 1 indicates a negative correlation, and the absolute value of the coefficient is a large contribution. It shows.
- the CE value calculated by the above equation is a natural number rounded to the last decimal place.
- the CE value may be 0 or negative.
- the component system when the CE value is 0 or negative is excluded from the scope of the present invention even if the chemical component composition is in the above-mentioned limited range.
- the present inventors have investigated the cause of cracks in the steel slab in the process of reheating the steel slab for rolling with high carbon content and performing hot rolling.
- cracks in the steel slab are caused by melting of a part of the steel slab in the segregation part of the solidified structure near the outer surface where the heating temperature of the steel slab is the highest, which is opened by rolling. about.
- this cracking occurs as the maximum heating temperature of the slab increases and the carbon content of the slab increases.
- the present inventors examined the relationship between the maximum heating temperature of the steel slab in which partial melting, which is the cause of cracking, occurred and the carbon content of the steel slab by experiment.
- the maximum heating temperature at which partial melting of the steel slab can be expressed by a quadratic equation using the carbon content (mas S %) of the steel slab shown in the following (Equation 2).
- CT 1500-140 ([mas s% C]) -80 ([mas s% C]) 2 "-(2)
- the present inventors analyzed the factors that promote the decarburization of the outer surface portion of the steel slab in the reheating process in which hot rolling is performed using the steel slab for rolling with high carbon content. As a result, decarburization of the outer surface of the billet It was found that the temperature during reheating, the holding time, and the carbon content of the billet were greatly affected.
- the present inventors have clarified the relationship between the amount of carbon in the steel slab and the amount of decarburization on the outer surface of the steel slab, as well as the temperature at which the steel slab is reheated and the holding time. I made it. As a result, it was found that the amount of decarburization on the outer surface of the slab was promoted as the carbon content of the slab was increased as the time for maintaining the temperature above a certain temperature was longer.
- the present inventors examined the relationship between the carbon content of the steel slab and the holding time during reheating of the steel slab where the properties of the rail after final rolling did not deteriorate.
- the steel slab retention time is expressed by a quadratic equation using the carbon content (mass%) of the steel slab shown below (Equation 3).
- the maximum heating temperature of the billet or a certain constant temperature By optimizing the holding time to be heated as described above and preventing partial melting of the steel slab, cracks and fractures during hot rolling can be prevented, and decarburization of the rail outer surface can be prevented. It was found that by suppressing the deterioration of wear resistance and fatigue strength, high-quality rails can be manufactured with high efficiency.
- the present invention prevents partial melting of the steel slab and further decarburizes the outer surface of the steel slab in a reheating process in which hot rolling is performed using a steel slab for rolling a rail containing high carbon.
- High quality rails with high efficiency The conditions for manufacturing are described below.
- Tmax maximum heating temperature
- Equation 2 The correlation equation (Equation 2) is shown below.
- CT 1500-140 ([mass% C])-80 ([mass% C]) 2 ... (2) Equation
- Eq. (2) is an experimental regression equation.
- the holding time (Mmax; min) during which the steel slab is heated to 110CTC or more is limited to the CM value or less obtained from the carbon content of the steel rail. The reason for this will be explained in detail.
- Equation (3) is an experimental regression equation, and the heating retention time (M max; min) is below the CM value obtained from this quadratic equation in the temperature range above 1100 ° C.
- the lower limit of the heating and holding time (M max; min) is not particularly limited, but it should be 250 min or more from the viewpoint of ensuring that the steel slab is evenly heated and the formability during rail rolling is ensured. desirable.
- the present inventors investigated a heat treatment method that can increase the hardness of the pearlite structure of the rail head and suppress the formation of proeutectoid cementite structures of the pillars and feet in the high-carbon steel rail. did.
- the pillars and feet are fixed to a certain extent.
- accelerated cooling from the austenite region, or increased temperature and then accelerated cooling to increase the hardness of the rail head and the primary analysis cementitious texture of the column and foot. It was confirmed that generation could be suppressed.
- the present inventors studied a manufacturing method for increasing the hardness of the rail structure of the rail head in actual rail manufacturing.
- the hardness of the parallel structure of the rail head has a correlation between the elapsed time after completion of hot rolling and the subsequent accelerated cooling rate, and the elapsed time after completion of hot rolling is within a certain range. It is found that by setting the accelerated cooling rate within a certain range and setting the accelerated cooling stop temperature to a certain temperature or higher, the rail head is made into a parallel structure and high hardness can be achieved. It was.
- the present inventors examined a manufacturing method capable of suppressing the formation of proeutectoid cementite structures in the rail column part and the foot part in the actual rail manufacturing.
- the first Huawei cementite structure has a correlation between the elapsed time after the end of hot rolling and the subsequent accelerated cooling time, and the elapsed time after the end of hot rolling is within a certain range.
- the acceleration cooling rate of the above is within a certain range and the acceleration cooling stop temperature is set to a certain temperature or higher, or the temperature is raised within a certain range, and then the accelerated cooling is performed within the certain cooling rate range.
- the generation of the pro-eutectoid cementite texture can be suppressed.
- the present inventors examined a method for manufacturing a rail that ensures the uniformity of the material in the longitudinal direction of the rail in the above manufacturing method.
- the rail length during rail rolling exceeds a certain length, the temperature difference between both ends and inside of the rail after rolling, and both ends of the rail after rolling becomes excessive, and the above rail In the manufacturing method, it became difficult to control the temperature and cooling rate over the entire length of the rail, and the material in the longitudinal direction of the rail was found to be non-uniform. Therefore, the actual rail pressure
- the present inventors examined a method of manufacturing a rail that ensures the ductility of the rail head.
- the ductility of the rail head correlates with the hot rolling temperature, the cross-sectional reduction rate during rolling, the time between passes during rolling, and the elapsed time from the end of final rolling to the start of heat treatment.
- the head of the rail is secured, and at the same time, the formability of the rail is secured. I knew it was possible.
- the rail head in the high-carbon-containing rail steel, after the hot rolling is finished, in order to suppress the increase in the hardness of the rail head and the formation of the proeutectoid cementite structure in the rail column part and the foot part, By performing accelerated cooling on the rail head, column, and foot within a certain period of time, and further increasing the temperature of the rail column and foot, and then performing accelerated cooling, the rail head It is possible to suppress the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite structure, which is harmful to wear resistance, fatigue cracks and brittle fracture, and further, the rail length during rolling, the final rolling temperature of the rail head, the cross-section reduction rate, and the distance between passes By optimizing the time, from the end of rolling to the start of heat treatment, the rail head wear resistance, uniformity of the material in the longitudinal direction of the rail, the rail head ductility, and the fatigue strength of the rail column and foot And to ensure fracture toughness And knowledge.
- the high-carbon rail steel according to the present invention reduces the size of the pearlite block and ensures the duct head's ductility. This prevents the fatigue strength and fracture toughness of the steel from decreasing and ensures the uniformity of the material in the longitudinal direction of the rail.
- the austenite grain size becomes coarse after rolling, and as a result, the pearlite block becomes coarse,
- the ductility does not improve sufficiently, and depending on the component system, a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is formed, and the rail fatigue strength and toughness are reduced.
- the elapsed time until the start of accelerated cooling was set to be within 200 sec. It should be noted that even if the elapsed time exceeds 200 sec, the rail material other than ductility does not deteriorate significantly. Therefore, if the elapsed time is 2500 sec or less, a rail material that does not cause a problem in practical use is secured.
- the rail immediately after the end of hot rolling causes uneven temperature in the cross section due to heat removal from the roll during rolling, and the material in the rail cross section after accelerated cooling becomes uneven.
- the accelerated cooling conditions for the rail head will be described. If the accelerated cooling rate of the rail head is less than 1 ° C / sec, this component system cannot achieve the high hardness of the rail head, making it difficult to ensure the wear resistance of the rail head. In addition, a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is generated, and the ductility of the rail decreases. In addition, the pearlite transformation temperature rises, the pearlite block becomes coarse, and the ductility of the rail decreases. When the accelerated cooling rate exceeds 30 ° C / sec, a martensite structure is generated in this component system, and the toughness of the rail head is greatly reduced. For this reason, the acceleration cooling rate of the rail head The range was limited to the range of 1 to 30 ° C / sec.
- the above accelerated cooling rate is an average cooling rate from the start to the end of accelerated cooling, and does not indicate a cooling rate during cooling. Therefore, if the average cooling rate from the start to the end of accelerated cooling is within the above limit range, the size of the parlite block can be reduced and at the same time, the hardness of the rail head can be increased.
- the lower limit of the temperature at which accelerated cooling of the rail head is terminated is not particularly limited, but the hardness of the rail head is ensured, and the generation of a martensite structure that is easy to generate in the segregated part inside the head is generated. In order to prevent this, the lower limit is naturally 400 ° C.
- the range of the accelerated cooling rate will be described. If the accelerated cooling rate is less than 1 ° C / sec, it is difficult to suppress the formation of proeutectoid cementite structure in this component system. In addition, when the accelerated cooling rate exceeds 10 ° C / sec, a martensite structure is generated in the rail column segregation part and the foot segregation part in this component system, and the toughness of the rail is greatly reduced. For this reason, the range of the accelerated cooling rate was limited to the range of 1 to 10 ° C / sec.
- the above accelerated cooling rate is an average cooling rate from the start to the end of accelerated cooling, and does not indicate a cooling rate during cooling. Shi Therefore, if the average cooling rate from the start to the end of accelerated cooling is within the above limit range, the generation of the first prayer cement tissue can be suppressed.
- the lower limit of the temperature at which accelerated cooling is terminated is not particularly limited, it is necessary to suppress the formation of a pro-eutectoid cementite structure and prevent the formation of a martensite structure in a columnar segregation part.
- 500 ° C is the lower limit
- the cooling rate range during rapid cooling of the rail column will be described.
- the cooling rate is less than 2 ° C / sec, it is difficult to suppress the formation of the first pray cementite structure of the rail column in this component system. If the cooling rate exceeds 20 ° C / sec, a martensitic structure is generated in the segregation zone of the rail column and the toughness of the rail column is greatly reduced. For this reason, the cooling rate range during rapid cooling of the rail column was limited to the range of 20 to 20 ° C / sec.
- the cooling speed at the time of rapid cooling of the rail column is the average cooling speed from the start to the end of cooling, and does not indicate the cooling speed during cooling. Therefore, if the average cooling rate from the start to the end of cooling is within the above-mentioned limited range, generation of the primary analysis cementite structure can be suppressed.
- the lower limit of the temperature at which the rapid cooling is terminated is not particularly limited, but the generation of a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is suppressed, and the generation of a micromartensite structure generated by the segregation part of the column is suppressed. Therefore, to prevent it, the lower limit is naturally 500 ° C.
- the range of temperature rise of the rail column will be described.
- the temperature rise is less than 20 ° C, a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is generated in the rail column before the subsequent accelerated cooling, which reduces the fatigue strength and toughness of the rail column.
- the temperature rise exceeds 100 ° C, the pearlite structure after heat treatment becomes coarse, and the toughness of the rail column part decreases. For this reason, the temperature rise of the rail column was limited to the range of 20 to 100 ° C.
- the cooling rate range during rapid cooling of the rail foot will be described. If the cooling rate is less than 5 ° C / s ec, it will be difficult to suppress the formation of the primary cementite structure at the rail foot in this component system. In addition, when the cooling rate exceeds 20 ° C / s ec, in this component system, a martensite structure is formed in the rail toe and the toughness of the rail toe is greatly reduced. For this reason, the cooling rate range during rapid cooling of the rail foot was limited to a range of 5 to 20 ° C / sec.
- the cooling rate at the time of rapid cooling of the above-mentioned rail foot part is an average cooling rate from the start to the end of cooling, and does not indicate the cooling rate during cooling. Therefore, if the average cooling rate from the start to the end of cooling is within the above-mentioned limited range, the generation of the primary analysis cementite structure can be suppressed.
- the range of the temperature rise at the rail foot portion will be described. If the temperature rise is less than 50 ° C, a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is formed in the rail toe before the subsequent accelerated cooling, reducing the fatigue strength and toughness of the rail toe. In addition, when the temperature rise temperature exceeds 100 ° C, the pearlite structure after heat treatment becomes coarse, and the toughness of the rail foot portion decreases. For this reason, the temperature rise at the foot portion of the rail was limited to a range of 50 to 100 ° C.
- hot rolling to heat treatment time is within 200 seconds
- area reduction rate of the final pass of finish hot rolling is preferably 6% or more.
- continuous rolling in which the rolling reduction is at least 2 passes with a cross-section reduction rate of 1 to 30% per pass and 10 seconds or less between the rolling passes.
- the rail length after hot rolling exceeds 200 m, the temperature difference between both ends and inside of the rail after rolling and also both ends of the rail after rolling becomes excessive, and the above rail manufacturing method Even if is used, it becomes difficult to control the temperature and cooling speed over the entire length of the rail, and the material in the rail longitudinal direction becomes uneven. Also, if the rail length after hot rolling is less than 100 m, rolling efficiency decreases and rail manufacturing costs increase. For this reason, after hot rolling The rail length was set in the range of 100 to 200 m.
- the hot rolling finish temperature exceeds 100 ° C., in the above-described component system, the parrite structure of the rail head is not refined, and the ductility is not sufficiently improved.
- the hot rolling finish temperature is less than 8500C, it is difficult to control the shape of the rail, and it is difficult to produce a rail that satisfies the product shape.
- the rail temperature is low, a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is formed immediately after rolling, which reduces the fatigue strength and toughness of the rail.
- the reduction rate of the cross section of the final pass during hot rolling is less than 6% when the hot rolling finish temperature is in the range of 85 ° C. to 100 ° C., the austenite grain size after rail rolling is reduced.
- the miniaturization cannot be achieved, and as a result, the size of the parlite block becomes coarse, and the duct head cannot be secured. For this reason, the cross-section reduction rate of the final pass was set to 6% or more.
- the final rolling is performed continuously for two or more passes, and the cross-section reduction rate per pass and the time between passes Control.
- the reason why the cross-section reduction rate per pass and the time between passes in the final rolling are limited to the above ranges in claim 14 will be described in detail.
- the cross-section reduction rate per pass of the final rolling is less than 1%, the austenite grains are not refined at all, and as a result, the refinement of the parlite block size is not achieved, and the duct head ductility is not improved. For this reason, the cross-section reduction rate per pass of the final rolling was limited to 1% or more.
- the cross-section reduction rate per pass of final rolling exceeds 30%, making it impossible to control the shape of the rail, making it difficult to manufacture a rail that satisfies the product shape. For this reason, the cross-section reduction rate per pass of the final rolling was set to a range of 1 to 30%.
- the time between passes during final rolling exceeds 10 sec, austenite grains grow after rolling, and as a result, miniaturization of the pearlite block size is not achieved and the duct head is improved in ductility. do not do. For this reason, the time between passes at the time of final rolling was set within 10 sec. Although there is no lower limit on the time between passes, it is as short as possible to suppress grain growth, refine the austenite grains by continuation of recrystallization, and, as a result, refine the parlite block size. It is better to use time.
- Figure 1 shows the designation of each part of the rail.
- “Head” refers to the part that mainly contacts the wheel shown in FIG. 1 (symbol: 1).
- “Column” refers to the part that has a lower cross-sectional thickness than the rail head shown in FIG. (Reference sign: 5)
- the “foot” is the lower part (reference sign: 6) of the rail column shown in FIG.
- the “foot tip part” is the tip part (symbol: 7) of the rail foot part (symbol: 6) shown in FIG.
- the range of 10 to 40 mm from the tip of the rail foot is the target range.
- the “foot tip” indicates a part of the foot (symbol: 6).
- the temperature and cooling conditions during rail heat treatment correspond to the center of the rail width of the head (symbol: 1), foot (symbol: 6) and the center of the rail height of the pillar (symbol: 5) shown in Fig. 1. If the range of 0 to 3 mm depth from the surface is measured at 5 mm position from the foot tip of the foot tip (symbol: 7), each part can be represented.
- the temperature during rail rolling can be obtained by measuring the surface temperature immediately after rolling at the center of the rail width of the head (reference numeral: 1) shown in FIG.
- the inventors of the present invention have proposed a cooling rate that can prevent the formation of a pro-eutectoid cementite structure inside the head of a rail steel with a high carbon-containing parlite structure (the critical cooling rate of the pro-eutectoid cementite structure). ) And the chemical composition of rail steel.
- the present inventors have investigated the chemical composition of the rail steel (C, Si, Mn, Cr) and the pro-eutectoid cement in a rail steel with a carbon content exceeding 0.85 mass%, in which the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite fabric is remarkable.
- the relationship between the formation critical cooling rate of the intite structure was determined by multiple correlation.
- CCR Equation 1
- the present inventors examined a method for controlling the cooling rate (ICR, ° CZsec) inside the head in the heat treatment of the rail steel.
- ICR the cooling rate
- ° CZsec the cooling rate inside the head.
- the cooling rate inside the head is the cooling rate on the rail top surface (TH, ° C / sec), the average cooling rate on the left and right head side surfaces (TS, ° CZsec), and the left and right heads of the rail.
- TCR 0.05TH (° C / sec) + 0.10TS (° C / sec) + 0.50TJ (° C / sec) (5) Equation
- the head side cooling rate (TS, ° C / sec) and the jaw lowering rate (TJ, ° CZsec) shown in the above equation are average values for the left and right parts of the rail.
- the present inventors investigated the relationship between the TCR value, the generation state of the pro-eutectoid cementite structure inside the head, and the structure of the head surface part through experiments.
- the formation of proeutectoid cementite structure inside the head correlates with the magnitude of the TCR value, and when the TCR value is more than twice the CCR value obtained from the chemical composition of the rail steel, It was found that the generation of the proeutectoid cementite structure disappeared.
- the present invention controls the cooling rate inside the head in the heat treatment of the rail head by controlling the TCR value in the range of 4 CCR ⁇ TCR ⁇ 2 CCR. (ICR, ° C / sec) can be ensured, and the generation of pro-eutectoid cementite structure inside the head can be prevented, and the parite structure on the head surface can be stabilized. .
- the cooling rate (ICR) inside the head of the rail steel is set to the chemical composition of the rail steel. It is possible to prevent the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite structure inside the head, and to ensure the cooling rate (ICR) inside the head, and to improve the parite of the head surface.
- the TCR value obtained from the cooling rate of each part of the rail head surface must be controlled within the range obtained from the CCR value.
- the present invention stabilizes the parite structure of the rail head surface in heat treatment of rail steel containing high carbon used in heavy-duty railways, and at the same time, it tends to occur inside the head, resulting in fatigue damage. It is possible to prevent the formation of the primary cementite structure that is the starting point of wear, and to ensure wear resistance and improve internal fatigue damage resistance.
- the formula for calculating the CCR value is as follows: First, the critical cooling rate of the pro-eutectoid cementite structure is measured by an experiment that reproduces the heat treatment of the rail head, and the critical cooling of the pro-eutectoid cementite structure is generated. The relationship between the speed and the chemical composition (C, S i, M n, C r) of the rail steel is obtained by multiple correlation. The correlation equation (4) is shown below. Therefore, Equation 1 is an experimental regression equation, and the inside of the head is cooled at a cooling rate that is equal to or greater than the value calculated by Equation 1. This prevents the generation of a pro-eutectoid cementite structure.
- the rail head cooling rate tends to decrease from the rail head surface toward the inside. Therefore, it is necessary to secure the cooling rate inside the head to prevent the proeutectoid cementite structure generated in the region where the cooling rate is slow in the rail head.
- the cooling speed at the position 30 mm deep from the head surface is the slowest.
- the inside of the rail head As a result, it was confirmed that the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite structure could be prevented. From this result, the position of 3 Om depth from the top of the head was defined as the position to define the cooling rate inside the rail head.
- the equation for calculating the TCR value is based on experiments that reproduce the heat treatment of the rail head.
- the cooling rate at the top (T, ° C / sec) and the cooling rate at the head (S, ° C / sec) ) Measure the cooling rate at the bottom of the chin (J, ° C / sec) and the cooling rate inside the head (ICR, ° C / sec). It is formulated by the contribution to the internal cooling rate (ICR).
- the equation (Equation 5) is shown below. Therefore, Eq. (5) is an empirical formula, and if the value calculated by Eq. (5) exceeds a certain value, the cooling rate inside the head can be secured, and the analysis cementite structure Can be prevented.
- T C R 0. 0 5 T (° C / sec) + 0. 1 0 S (° C / sec) + 0.5 0 J (° C / sec)... (5) Equation
- the head side cooling rate (S, ° C / sec) and the jaw lowering rate (J, ° C / sec) shown in the above equation show the average values of the left and right parts of the rail.
- the cooling rate inside the rail head (ICR, ° C / sec) decreases, and a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is generated inside the head, which easily causes internal fatigue damage. Become.
- the hardness of the rail head surface decreases, and the wear resistance of the rail cannot be ensured.
- the TCR value exceeds 4 C CR, the cooling speed of the rail head surface increases remarkably, and a paynite or martensite structure harmful to wear resistance is generated on the head surface, reducing the wear life of the rail. Let For this reason, the TCR value was limited to the range of 4CC ⁇ CRCR ⁇ 2CCR.
- the cooling rate inside the rail head is greatly influenced by the cooling state of the head surface.
- the cooling rate inside the head is the heat removal surface of the head surface, the top of the head, the side of the head (left and right) It was confirmed that there is a correlation with the cooling rate of the three surfaces of the lower part of the chin (left and right), and that the cooling rate inside the head can be controlled by adjusting the cooling rate of these three surfaces. Based on these results, the position that regulates the cooling speed of the rail head surface was limited to three locations, the top of the head, the side of the head, and the bottom of the chin.
- the temperature of formation of a pro-eutectoid cementite structure is in the range of 75 to 65 ° C. Therefore, in order to prevent the formation of proeutectoid cementite structure, it is necessary to set the cooling rate inside the head to a certain value or higher in the above temperature range.
- the temperature inside the rail head at the end of accelerated cooling is high because it removes less heat than the head surface. Therefore, in order to secure a cooling rate in the temperature range up to 65 ° C generated by the proeutectoid cementite structure inside the rail head, the accelerated cooling stop temperature of the head surface should be higher than 65 ° C. Need to be lower.
- the cooling stop temperature inside the head would be less than 6500 ° C when cooled to 500 ° C. From these results, the temperature range that stipulates the cooling rate of the rail head surface (the top of the head, the side of the head, and the lower part of the jaw) is in the range of 75 ° C to 5 ° 0 ° C. Limited to.
- Figure 10 shows the names of each part of the rail head.
- "Head surface” means the whole rail top surface (symbol: 1)
- "head side” means the whole left and right head side (symbol: 2)
- "chin lower part” means the left and right heads of the rail
- the entire boundary between the head and the column (symbol: 3), and the “inside of the head” is the vicinity of the position (symbol: 4) 30 mm deep from the center of the rail width of the top of the head.
- the acceleration cooling rate during the rail heat treatment and the temperature range of the accelerated cooling are shown in Fig. 10.
- the central part of the rail width of the top (sign: 1)
- the central part of the rail head height of the head side (reference: 2)
- the chin Each part of the head surface can be represented by measuring the head surface at the center of the lower part (symbol: 3) or the depth of 5 mm from the head surface.
- the temperature and cooling rate of this part it becomes possible to stabilize the pearlite structure on the head surface and control the cooling rate inside the head (symbol: 4), and to improve the wear resistance of the head surface. Secures, prevents the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite structure inside the head, and improves internal fatigue damage resistance.
- the top of the head, the side of the head (left and right), and the lower part of the chin are adjusted so that the TCR value is in the range of 4 CCR ⁇ TCR ⁇ 2 CCR. In the five locations (left and right), the presence or absence of cooling and the accelerated cooling rate can be selected arbitrarily.
- the rail head Internal cooling rate (IC R) is set to a CCR value equal to or higher than the critical cooling rate of the cementite structure determined from the chemical composition of the rail steel, and at the same time, the cooling rate of each part of the rail head surface is controlled according to the range of the TCR value.
- the metal structure of the steel rail manufactured by the heat treatment method of the present invention is a parlite structure almost entirely.
- a small amount of pro-eutectoid ferritic structure, pro-eutectoid cementite structure, and bainitic structure may be generated in the parlite structure.
- the fatigue strength of the rail does not significantly affect the toughness if the amount is very small.
- the structure of the head of the steel rail manufactured by the heat treatment method of the present invention includes the case where some proeutectoid ferrite structure, proeutectoid cementite structure and bainitic structure are mixed. It is.
- Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the rail steel of the present invention, the rolling and heat treatment conditions, the head mouth structure (5 mm below the head surface), the number of grains of parlite block having a grain size of 1 to 15 / m, and the measurement position. Indicates the hardness of the rail head (5 mm below the head surface). Table 1 also shows the amount of wear of the rail head material after 700,000 repetitions in the Nishihara-type wear test under the forced cooling condition shown in Fig. 4, and the tensile test results. In Fig. 4, 8 is a rail test piece, 9 is a mating material, and 10 is a cooling nozzle.
- Table 2 shows the chemical composition of the comparison rail steel, rolling and heat treatment conditions, the head mouth structure (5 mm below the head surface), the number of grains of parlite block with a grain size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m, and the measurement position. Indicates the hardness of the rail head (5 mm below the head surface). Table 2 also shows the Nishihara equation under the forced cooling conditions shown in Fig. 4. The amount of wear of the rail head material after 700,000 repetitions in the W wear test and the tensile test results are also shown.
- the steels in Tables 1 and 2 were manufactured under the conditions of a hot rolling to heat treatment time of 180 seconds and a surface reduction rate of the final hot rolling final pass of 6%.
- the rail configuration is as follows.
- a parlite block with a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m has a test area of 0 to at least part of the range from the corner of the head and the surface of the top to a depth of 10 mm.
- pearlite-based rail having excellent wear resistance and ductility, characterized in that there 2 mm 2 per 200 or more.
- Reference signs 13 to 6 Comparative rail steel (4 pieces) in which the added amounts of C, Si and Mn are outside the above claims.
- Reference symbols 17 to 22 In the above component range, a parlite block with a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m is tested in at least a part of the range up to 10 mm deep starting from the head corner and top surface. Comparison of less than 200 pieces per area 0.2 mm 2 Rail steel (6 pieces).
- Fig. 1 shows the designation of the cross-sectional surface of the head and the area where wear resistance is required of the parlite rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 shows the outline of the Nishihara type wear tester. 'In the figure, 8 is a rail test piece, 9 is a mating material, and 10 is a cooling nozzle.
- Figure 3 shows the specimen collection positions in the wear tests shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Figure 6 shows the specimen collection positions in the tensile tests shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Fig. 7 shows the relationship between the amount of carbon and the amount of wear in the wear test results for the rail steel of the present invention shown in Table 1 and the comparative rail steel shown in Table 2.
- Fig. 8 shows the relationship between the carbon content and the total elongation in the tensile test results of the rail steel of the present invention shown in Table 1 and the comparative rail steel shown in Table 2. The various tests were as follows.
- Nishihara type abrasion testing machine See Fig. 2
- Specimen shape Disk-shaped specimen (outer diameter: 30 mm, thickness: 8 mm) Specimen sampling position 2 mm below the rail head surface (see Fig. 3)
- Test load 686N Contact pressure 640MPa
- Cooling Forced cooling with compressed air (Flow rate: lOONlZmin) Repeat count 700,000 times
- the rail steel of the present invention has a certain range of added amounts of C, Si, and Mn compared to the comparative rail steel. No pro-eutectoid cementite structure, pro-eutectoid freight structure, or martensite weave that adversely affects ductility was generated, and the surface damage resistance was good.
- the rail steel of the present invention is compared with the comparative rail steel.
- the wear resistance was improved by keeping the carbon content within a certain range.
- the rail steel of the present invention with a carbon content of 0 ⁇ 85% (symbol: 5 to 12) is less wear resistant than the rail steel of the present invention with a carbon content of 0.85% or less (symbol: 1 to 4). Even more improved.
- the rail steel of the present invention has a rail head portion of the rail head by controlling the number of perlite blocks with a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m, compared with the comparative rail steel.
- the ductility has been improved, and it has become possible to prevent the occurrence of breakage such as rail breakage in cold regions.
- Table 3 shows the chemical composition of the rail steel of the present invention, the rolling and heat treatment conditions, the head microstructure (5 mm below the head surface), the number of particles and the measurement position of a pearlite block having a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m, Indicates the hardness of the rail head (5 mm below the head surface).
- Table 3 also shows the amount of wear of the rail head material after 700,000 repetitions in the Nishihara-type wear test under the forced cooling condition shown in Fig. 4, and the tensile test results.
- Table 4 shows the chemical composition of rolling steel, rolling and heat treatment conditions, head mouth structure (5 mm below the head surface), the number and measuring position of perlite blocks with grain size 1 to 15 ⁇ m, rail Indicates the hardness of the head (5 mm below the head surface). Table 4 also shows the amount of wear of the rail head material after 70,000 iterations in the Nishihara-type wear test under the forced cooling condition shown in Fig. 4 and the tensile test results.
- the steels in Tables 3 and 4 were manufactured under the condition that the area reduction rate of the final hot rolling final pass was 6%.
- the rail configuration is as follows.
- At least part of the range from the corner of the head and the surface of the top to a depth of 10 mm is a parallel block with a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m.
- Reference numerals 39 to 4 2 Comparison rail steel (4 pieces) whose C, Si and Mn additions are outside the claimed range.
- Code 4 3 Comparison rail steel (1 piece) whose rail length is outside the claimed range.
- Reference numerals 4 4 and 4 7 The elapsed time from the end of rolling to the start of accelerated cooling is requested.
- Reference signs 4 5, 4 6, 4 8 Comparison rail steels (3 pieces) whose head accelerated cooling rate is outside the claimed range.
- the rail steel of the present invention has an added amount of C, Si and Mn, the rail length during rolling, and accelerated cooling from the end of rolling compared to the comparative rail steel.
- the primary analysis cementite structure, primary analysis ferrite structure, martensite structure, etc. that adversely affect the wear resistance and ductility of the rail are not generated.
- the surface damage resistance was good.
- the rail steel of the present invention has a rail by controlling the number of perlite blocks with a grain size of 1 to 15 ⁇ m compared to the comparative rail steel.
- the ductility of the head has been improved, and it has become possible to prevent the occurrence of breakage such as rail breakage in cold regions.
- the total elongation is obtained when the time from the completion of rolling to accelerated cooling is within 200 seconds, and the finish hot rolling is 2 passes or more and the interval between passes is within 10 seconds. I was able to improve the value more
- Table 6 shows the chemical composition of the rail steel of the present invention, the CE value obtained from the chemical composition according to Equation 1, the manufacturing status of the pre-rolling slab, the cooling method during the rail heat treatment, the column microstructure, and the columnar primary analysis cement The generation status of the organization is shown.
- Table 7 shows the chemical composition of the comparative rail steel, the CE value obtained from Equation 1 from the chemical composition, the production status of the pre-rolling slab, the cooling method during the heat treatment of the rail, the column microstructure, and the column primary precipitation cementite. Shows the generation status of the organization.
- the steels in Tables 6 and 7 were manufactured under the conditions that the time from hot rolling to heat treatment at the rail head was 180 seconds, and the area reduction rate of the final hot rolling final pass was 6%.
- the number of perlite blocks with a particle size of 1 to 15 ⁇ at 5 mm directly below the top of the head was 2 00 to 5 0 0 per 0.2 mm 2 of the test area. It is.
- Reference numerals 8 3 to 8 8 Comparative rail steels (6 pieces) in which the addition amount of C, Si, Mn, P, S and Cr is outside the above claims.
- Numerals 8 9 to 9 3 Comparative rail steel (5 bars) in which the number of columnar pro-eutectoid cementite structures (N C) exceeds the CE value calculated from the above chemical composition values within the above composition range.
- FIG. 1 shows the region (shaded area) where the pro-eutectoid cementite structure is generated along the band.
- Figure 2 schematically shows a method for evaluating the generation status of the pro-eutectoid cementite structure.
- the rail steel of the present invention has the added amount of C, Si, Mn, P, S, and Cr within a certain range compared to the comparative rail steel.
- the primary analysis cementite structure number of cementite intersections: NC
- the primary analysis cementite structure (number of cementite crossings: NC) generated in the column is kept below the CE value. I was able to.
- the added amounts of C, Si, ⁇ , ⁇ , S, and Cr should be kept within a certain range, and further optimization should be made under light pressure and cooling of the rail column during fabrication.
- the pro-eutectoid cementite structure (number of cementite intersections: NC) generated in the column can be reduced below the CE value, and the toughness of the rail column can be prevented from being lowered.
- CE 60 [mass% C] -10 [mass% Si] +10 [mass% Mn] +500 [mass% P] +50 [mass% S] +30 [mass% Cr] -54
- Table 8 shows the chemical composition of the test rail steel. The balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Table 9 shows the final rolling temperature, the rolling length, the elapsed time from the end of rolling to the start of accelerated cooling, and the rail head of the rail manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention using the test rail steel shown in Table 8. , Accelerated cooling conditions for pillars and feet, microstructure, number of particles of perlite block with particle size of 1 to 15 im and measurement position, drop weight test results, head hardness, head tension test The total elongation value is shown.
- Table 10 shows the final rolling temperature, rolling length, elapsed time from the end of rolling until the start of accelerated cooling, rail head, rail rail manufactured by the comparative manufacturing method using the test rail steel shown in Table 8. Accelerated cooling conditions for the pillar and foot, the mouth structure, the number and position of parlite blocks with particle sizes of 1 to 15 ⁇ m, drop weight test results, head hardness The total elongation value of the head tension test is shown.
- the rail configuration is as follows.
- the steels in Table 9 and Table 10 were manufactured under the condition that the area reduction rate of the final hot rolling final pass was 6%.
- Parallel part length 25 mm
- parallel part diameter 6 mm
- distance between elongation measurement grades 21 mm
- the rail manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention suppressed the formation of a pro-eutectoid cementite structure and prevented the fatigue strength and toughness from being lowered.
- the wear resistance of the rail head is controlled by controlling the accelerated cooling rate of the rail head, optimizing the rolling length, and controlling the final rolling temperature. , Uniformity of the material in the longitudinal direction of the rail, and ductility of the rail head.
- Head 200 1.0 640 Perlite 215 (2mm below head surface)
- Head 75 8.0 425 Perlite 380 (below head surface 2
- Head final rolling temperature is the surface temperature immediately after rolling.
- the cooling rate of the head, column, and foot is the average cooling rate in the range of depth 0 3 mm of the position described in the specification.
- * 3 Microstructure observation position of head, column, and foot is the same position as the cooling rate at a depth of 2 mm.
- * 4 The drop weight test is the method described in the specification.
- the head hardness measurement position is the same as the Mikuguchi tissue observation position.
- * 6 The tensile test is the method described in the specification.
- the microstructure observation position of the head, column, and foot is the same position as the cooling rate, with a depth of 2 mm.
- * 4 The drop weight test is the method described in the specification.
- * 5 The head hardness measurement position is the same as the Mikuguchi tissue observation position.
- * 6 The tensile test is the method described in the specification.
- Table 11 shows the chemical composition of the test rail steel. The balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Table 12 shows the reheating conditions (CT value, CM value, maximum slab heating temperature of steel slabs when rails are manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention using the test rail steels shown in Table 11 : T max, holding time heated to 110 ° C or higher: Mm ax), rail hot rolling and various properties after rolling (surface properties during and after hot rolling, structure of head surface, Indicates the hardness of the head surface. Furthermore, the results of wear tests on rails manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention are shown.
- Table 13 shows the reheating conditions of the steel slab when manufacturing the rail by the comparative manufacturing method using the test rail steel shown in Table 11 (CT value, CM value, maximum heating temperature of the steel slab: T ma X, holding time heated to 110 ° C or higher: Mm ax), rail hot rolling and various properties after rolling (surface properties during and after hot rolling, head surface structure, head surface) Hardness).
- CT value maximum heating temperature of the steel slab: T ma X
- Mm ax maximum heating temperature of the steel slab
- Mm ax maximum heating temperature of the steel slab
- the steels in Tables 12 and 13 were manufactured under the conditions that the time from hot rolling to heat treatment at the rail head was 180 seconds, and the area reduction rate of the final hot rolling final pass was 6%.
- Figure 9 shows an overview of the rolling wear tester for rails and wheels.
- 1 1 is a slider for moving the rail, on which rail 1 2 is installed.
- 1 5 is a load loading device that controls the left and right movements and loads of the wheels 1 3 rotated by the motor 1 4. In the test, wheels 1 3 roll on rails 1 2 moving left and right.
- the configuration of the rail is as follows.
- test conditions are as follows.
- Thrust load 9 80 0 N (1 ton)
- the rails manufactured under reheating conditions within the above-mentioned limited range are more resistant to the slabs during rolling than the rails manufactured under comparative reheating conditions. Prevents cracks and breakage, further suppresses decarburization of the outer surface of the rail, prevents the formation of proeutectoid ferrite structure, suppresses wear resistance degradation, and increases efficiency. We were able to produce quality rails. Table 11
- Abrasion amount A reduction in depth in the rail height direction at the center of the rail width after the test.
- Table 14 shows the chemical composition of the test rail steel. The balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Table 15 shows the rolling length of the rail manufactured by the heat treatment method of the present invention using the test rail steel shown in Table 14 and the elapsed time from the end of the foot toe rolling to the start of the heat treatment, the rail head Accelerated cooling conditions for the column and foot, micro structure, drop weight test results, and head hardness values are shown.
- Table 16 shows the rolling length of the rails manufactured by the comparative heat treatment method using the test rail steels shown in Table 14 and the elapsed time from the end of the toe rolling to the start of the heat treatment, rail head, column Accelerated cooling conditions for the head and feet, micro structure, drop weight test results, and head hardness values are shown.
- the rail configuration is as follows.
- the steels in Tables 15 and 16 were manufactured under the conditions that the time from hot rolling to heat treatment at the rail head was 180 seconds, and the area reduction rate of the final hot rolling final pass was 6%.
- perlite blocks with a particle diameter of 1 to 15 it at 5 mm immediately below the top of the head were in the range of 2 00 to 5500 per 0.2 mm 2 of test area.
- Test temperature Room temperature (20 ° C)
- Test posture HT Rail head is tensile stress
- the rail tip is pre-heated within a certain period of time after the hot rolling, After that, the rail manufactured by the heat treatment method of the present invention in which the rail head, column, and foot are accelerated and cooled) suppresses the generation of proeutectoid cementite structure compared to the rail manufactured by the comparative manufacturing method. Fatigue strength can prevent the toughness from decreasing.
- the rail foot is accelerated or cooled within a certain period of time, then the rail head, pillar, and foot.
- accelerated cooling it is possible to suppress the formation of proeutectoid cementite structure that is harmful to the occurrence of fatigue cracks and brittle cracks, and by optimizing the accelerated cooling rate of the head, The wear resistance of the head was secured.
- the cooling rate of the toe is the average cooling rate in the range of 0 to 3 mm in depth described in the specification.
- the cooling rate of the head, column, and foot is the average cooling rate in the range of 0 to 3 mm in depth described in the specification.
- * 3 The Miku mouth tissue observation position of the foot, head, column, and foot is the same position as the cooling rate at a depth of 2 mm.
- C * 4 The drop weight test is the method described in the specification.
- * 5 Head hardness measurement position is Miku port tissue observed the same position c
- the cooling rate of the toe is the average cooling rate in the range of 0 to 3 mm in depth described in the specification.
- the cooling rate of the head, column, and foot is the average cooling rate in the range of the depth 0 to 3 thighs described in the specification.
- * 3 The mouth tissue observation position of the toe, head, column, and foot is the same position as the cooling rate at a depth of 2 mm.
- C * 4 The drop weight test is the method described in the specification.
- * 5 The head hardness measurement position is the same as the Mikuguchi tissue observation position.
- Table 17 shows the chemical composition of the test rail steel.
- the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Table 18 shows the rolling length, the time from the end of rolling to the start of the column heat treatment, the heat treatment of the rail column portion in the rail manufactured by the heat treatment method of the present invention using the test rail steel shown in Table 17
- the number of intersecting lines (N) and head hardness values of the microstructure and the columnar proeutectoid cementite structure are shown based on the conditions and microstructure, accelerated cooling conditions of the rail head and foot.
- Table 19 shows the rolling length, the time from the end of rolling to the start of column heat treatment, the heat treatment conditions for the rail column, and the rails manufactured by the comparative heat treatment method using the test rail steel shown in Table 17 It shows the microstructure, the number of lines of intersection (N) and head hardness values of the columnar pro-eutectoid cementite weave according to the accelerated cooling conditions of the rail head and foot.
- the rail configuration is as follows.
- the steels in Tables 18 and 19 were manufactured under the conditions that the time from hot rolling to heat treatment at the rail head was 180 seconds, and the area reduction rate of the final hot rolling final pass was 6%.
- perlite blocks with a particle diameter of 1 to 15 ⁇ at 5 mm immediately below the top of the head were all in the range of 200 to 500 per 2 mm 2 .
- first analysis cementite appears.
- diamond grinding is performed on the cross section of the rail head.
- the surface to be polished is dipped in a sodium bicarbonate solution so that a first analysis cementite structure appears.
- the actual conditions need to be adjusted slightly depending on the condition of the polished surface. Basically, immersion at a liquid temperature of 80 ° C for approximately 120 minutes is desirable.
- the number of pro-eutectoid cementite structures that intersect was the sum of the number of intersecting 30 / m perpendicular line segments.
- rails manufactured by the heat treatment method of the present invention that performs accelerated cooling within the above-mentioned limited range can be compared with rails manufactured by the comparative heat treatment method by appropriately controlling the cooling rate during heat treatment. Toughness of joints Martensite structure and coarse pearlite that cause a decrease in fatigue strength Tissue generation can be prevented.
- the rails manufactured by this heat treatment method are controlled by controlling the accelerated cooling speed of the rail head (reference numerals: 1 5 5 and 1 5 8). As can be seen in ⁇ 1 6 2), the wear resistance of the rail head could be secured.
- the rail column is accelerated or cooled within a certain period of time, and the rail head and foot, and the column when heated
- the accelerated cooling makes it possible to suppress the formation of an analysis cementite structure that becomes the starting point of brittle fracture and reduces the fatigue strength and toughness, and further optimizes the accelerated cooling speed of the head. By doing so, the wear resistance of the rail head has been secured.
- the accelerated cooling rate of the head and feet is the average cooling rate in the range of depth 0 to 3 described in the specification.
- the microstructure observation position of the head, column, and foot is the same position as the cooling rate measurement position with a depth of 2 mm.
- the measurement position of the column segregation part is the central part of the width of the neutral axis position of the cross section of the rail column part.
- the measurement position of the surface of the column is the same as the Mikuguchi structure-the position is 2 mm deep.
- the temperature rise of the column, the cooling rate during rapid cooling, and the cooling end temperature are the average values in the range of the depth 0 to 3 thighs described in the specification.
- the accelerated cooling rate of the head and feet is the average cooling rate in the range of depth 0 to 3 thigh described in the specification.
- the microstructure observation position of the head, column, and foot is the same position as the cooling rate measurement position at a depth of 2 mm.
- the measurement position of the column segregation part is the central part of the width of the neutral axis position of the cross section of the rail column part.
- the measurement position of the column surface layer is the same position as the microstructure with a depth of 2 mm.
- the head hardness measurement position is the same as the Mikuguchi tissue observation position.
- Table 20 shows the chemical composition of the test rail steel. The balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Table 21 shows the CCR values of the test rail steels shown in Table 20.
- Rail extension when the heat treatment of the present invention was performed using the test rail steels shown in Table 20.
- Table 22 shows the CCR values of the test rail steels shown in Table 20 and the rail rolling length and heat treatment start time when the heat treatment of the comparative method was performed using the test rail steels shown in Table 20. Elapsed time, heat treatment conditions (cooling rate, TCR value) inside the rail head and head surface, and microstructure of the rail head.
- Figure 1 shows the name of each part of the rail.
- Fig. 1 is the top of the head
- 2 is the left and right head side of the rail
- 3 is the lower jaw of the left and right of the rail.
- Reference numeral 4 denotes the inside of the head, which is near a position 30 mm deep from the center of the rail width at the top of the head.
- the rail configuration is as follows.
- Heat treatment rail of the present invention (1 1) 1 7 4 to 1 8 4
- Rails in which the rail heads are heat-treated on the rail steels within the above-mentioned component ranges under the conditions within the above-mentioned limited ranges.
- the perlite blocks having a particle diameter of 1 to 15 ⁇ m at 5 mm directly below the top of the head were within the range of 2 00 to 500 per 2 mm 2 of the test area.
- the rail-head cooling rate (ICR) of the high-carbon rail steel shown in Table 20 is higher than the CCR value obtained from the chemical composition of the rail steel.
- the rails manufactured by the heat treatment method of the present invention controlled to the above can prevent the formation of a pro-eutectoid cementite structure in the head and improve the internal fatigue damage resistance.
- the formation of proeutectoid cementite structure inside the rail head is prevented, that is, the cooling rate (ICR) inside the head is secured, and the head surface
- the TCR value obtained from the cooling rate of each part of the rail head surface part is controlled within the range obtained from the CCR value, thereby causing fatigue inside the head. It prevented the generation of pro-eutectoid cementite structure that is harmful to the occurrence of damage, and at the same time, prevented the formation of a martensite structure that was harmful to wear resistance on the rail head surface.
- the cooling rate (ICR) inside the rail head is kept within a certain range, and the cooling rate of each part of the rail head surface is kept within a certain range.
- Cooling rate inside the head (° C / sec): Temperature range at a depth of 30mm from the top surface Cooling rate at 750 650 ° C
- Cooling speed of rail head surface top, head side, lower jaw: Temperature range from surface to 5 positions 750 Cooling speed of 500 ° C
- the cooling rate at the head and lower chin is the average value of the left and right parts of the rail.
- TCR value 0.05T (Cooling rate at top of head, ° C / sec) + 0.10S (Cooling rate at head side, ° C / sec) + 0.50J (Cooling rate at bottom of jaw, ° C * 5 Microstructure observation position Parietal region: 2 mm depth from parietal surface, Inside of head: 30 mm depth from parietal surface
- Cooling rate inside the head (° C / sec): Depth from the top of the head 30 Temperature range at awakening position 750 Cooling rate at 650 ° C
- Cooling speed of rail head surface top, head side, lower jaw: Temperature range from surface to 5 positions 750 Cooling speed of 500 ° C
- the cooling rate at the head and lower chin is the average value of the left and right parts of the rail.
- TCR value 0.05T (Cooling rate at the top of the head, ° C / sec) + 0.10S (Cooling speed at the top of the head, ° C / sec) + 0.50J (Cooling rate of the lower jaw, ° C / sec)
- the present invention improves the wear resistance required for the rail head of heavy-duty railways, and at the same time, improves the ductility by controlling the number of fine parallel block grains on the rail head.
- the purpose of this product is to prevent the occurrence of rail breakage and to reduce the generation of pro-eutectoid cementite structure in the rail column and foot, and to prevent the deterioration in the toughness of the rail column and foot.
- steel rails and rail steel slabs (slabs) to optimize the heating conditions, prevent cracking and breakage during hot rolling, and suppress decarburization of the steel slab (slabs) outer surface to achieve high efficiency
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003236273A AU2003236273B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-04 | Pealite based rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for production thereof |
| EP03745927A EP1493831A4 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-04 | PERLIT-BASED RAIL WITH OUTSTANDING ABRASIVE STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| BRPI0304718A BRPI0304718B1 (pt) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-04 | método para a produção de um trilho de aço perlítico excelente na resistência ao desgaste e ductilidade |
| US10/482,753 US20040187981A1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-04 | Pealite base rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for production thereof |
| CA2451147A CA2451147C (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-04 | Pearlitic steel rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for producing the same |
| HK05101368.7A HK1068926B (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-04 | Pealite based rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for production thereof |
| US11/780,166 US7972451B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2007-07-19 | Pearlitic steel rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for producing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (14)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002104457A JP4272385B2 (ja) | 2002-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | 耐摩耗性および延性に優れたパーライト系レール |
| JP2002-104457 | 2002-04-05 | ||
| JP2002-201205 | 2002-07-10 | ||
| JP2002201206A JP4267267B2 (ja) | 2002-07-10 | 2002-07-10 | 耐摩耗性および耐内部疲労損傷性に優れたパーライト系レールの熱処理方法 |
| JP2002-201206 | 2002-07-10 | ||
| JP2002201205A JP2004043863A (ja) | 2002-07-10 | 2002-07-10 | レール柱部の初析セメンタイト組織の生成量を低減したレール |
| JP2002328261 | 2002-11-12 | ||
| JP2002-328260 | 2002-11-12 | ||
| JP2002328260A JP4272410B2 (ja) | 2002-11-12 | 2002-11-12 | パーライトレールの熱処理方法 |
| JP2002-328261 | 2002-11-12 | ||
| JP2003011701A JP4272437B2 (ja) | 2003-01-20 | 2003-01-20 | 高炭素鋼レールの製造方法 |
| JP2003-11701 | 2003-01-20 | ||
| JP2003-15647 | 2003-01-24 | ||
| JP2003015647A JP4267334B2 (ja) | 2002-11-12 | 2003-01-24 | 高炭素鋼パーライトレールの熱処理方法 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/482,753 A-371-Of-International US20040187981A1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-04 | Pealite base rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for production thereof |
| US11/780,166 Division US7972451B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2007-07-19 | Pearlitic steel rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for producing same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003085149A1 true WO2003085149A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/004364 Ceased WO2003085149A1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-04 | Pealite based rail excellent in wear resistance and ductility and method for production thereof |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20040187981A1 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP2388352A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1304618C (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2003236273B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0304718B1 (ja) |
| CA (2) | CA2749503C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003085149A1 (ja) |
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| CN102985574B (zh) * | 2010-06-07 | 2015-11-25 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 钢轨及其制造方法 |
| RU2449045C1 (ru) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-04-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Новокузнецкий металлургический комбинат" | Рельсовая сталь |
| RU2457272C1 (ru) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-07-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "ЕВРАЗ Объединенный Западно-Сибирский металлургический комбинат" (ОАО "ЕВРАЗ ЗСМК") | Рельсовая сталь |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR0304718A (pt) | 2004-08-03 |
| CA2451147C (en) | 2013-07-30 |
| HK1068926A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
| CA2749503A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
| AU2003236273A1 (en) | 2003-10-20 |
| EP1493831A1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
| EP1493831A4 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
| CA2749503C (en) | 2014-10-14 |
| BRPI0304718B1 (pt) | 2016-01-12 |
| AU2003236273B2 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| EP2388352A1 (en) | 2011-11-23 |
| CA2451147A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
| US20040187981A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| CN1304618C (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
| US7972451B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
| CN1522311A (zh) | 2004-08-18 |
| US20080011393A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
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