WO2003105171A1 - 直流電流遮断スイッチ - Google Patents
直流電流遮断スイッチ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003105171A1 WO2003105171A1 PCT/JP2003/006413 JP0306413W WO03105171A1 WO 2003105171 A1 WO2003105171 A1 WO 2003105171A1 JP 0306413 W JP0306413 W JP 0306413W WO 03105171 A1 WO03105171 A1 WO 03105171A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- voltage
- current
- movable
- ptc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
- H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
- H01H1/2016—Bridging contacts in which the two contact pairs commutate at substantially different moments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
- H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
- H01H2037/5481—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting the bimetallic snap element being mounted on the contact spring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
- H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
- H01H50/021—Bases; Casings; Covers structurally combining a relay and an electronic component, e.g. varistor, RC circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
- H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
- H01H50/32—Latching movable parts mechanically
- H01H50/326—Latching movable parts mechanically with manual intervention, e.g. for testing, resetting or mode selection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a DC current cutoff switch, and more particularly, to a DC current that eliminates or suppresses a contact opening arc of a high-voltage DC current circuit to prevent melting and damage of contacts and completely cut off a high-voltage DC current. It relates to an interruption switch. Background art
- the main power source for driving the electrical components of conventional vehicles using such switches is DC 12 V or DC 24 V, and portable electronic devices that use rechargeable batteries are also used.
- the main power source was DC 12 V.
- the voltage of the power supply used for such products is generally called high voltage.
- the specified voltage is 30 V or more, and the maximum voltage in terms of safety in a global standard is 42 V. From this point, it is considered that the safe power supply voltage required to achieve the high power and drive output required for the various electric appliances described above is a high voltage in the range of 30 to 42 V.
- the DC obtained by rectifying the commercial power supply voltage used inside the equipment is even higher, ranging from 140 V to 300 V.
- switches for current circuits are required to handle high-voltage and large-current so that they can be used for turning on and off the high-voltage power supply as described above.
- This phenomenon is particularly noticeable when the gap between the contacts that are opened when the current is interrupted is small, or when the arc between contacts becomes larger than a certain value, and the arc generated between the contacts can be cut off instantaneously. In many cases, it lasts for several tens of milliseconds. If the arc continues for several tens of milliseconds in this way, the arc will generate high heat, so it will melt the contacts and cause welding to occur between the contacts, causing a short circuit, or a good open state between the contacts. Even if stopped at However, there has been a problem that the heat of the arc may cause problems such as melting, smoking, and ignition.
- surge voltage absorbing elements that absorb surge voltage (or surge current) are known.
- a gas arrester using a discharger, a silicon surge absorber, or a discharge is known.
- these are all intended to absorb the surge voltage of a large value at the time of abnormality, which is different from the working voltage, up to the surge limit voltage, and to protect the circuit driven by the working voltage from the abnormal surge voltage. Yes, it does not absorb surge voltage with a value that is not much different from the operating voltage, such as when a switch is opened or closed.
- the functional characteristics of the surge voltage absorbing element are to narrow the range of operating voltage with respect to the surge limit voltage.
- the difference between the narrow working voltage range and the surge limit voltage is set as a safety margin.
- a surge voltage absorbing element that has the characteristic of absorbing a large voltage at the time of abnormality different from the working voltage and having a safety margin set between the working voltage and the surge limiting voltage is replaced with a normal surge voltage absorbing element. Even when used between the contacts of the switch, the surge voltage at the time of opening and closing the switch is a value that is not much different from the operating voltage, so the surge voltage absorbing element does not operate, that is, absorbs the surge voltage Function cannot be performed.
- PTC Platinum Temperature Coefficient
- PTC has a characteristic that a large current flows at the initial stage and then attenuates and is suppressed to a small current. Therefore, it is used not only to prevent excessive current, but also as a heating element with a rapid rise in temperature. Alternatively, it is also used as a contactless switch for starting the motor. In any case, it has never been used as a surge current absorbing element at the time of current interruption, nor has it been considered as such.
- the surge voltage absorbing element has a property of absorbing the surge voltage by lowering the resistance value by self-heating at a higher voltage, so that in the worst case, the thermal runaway and the self-destruction against further overvoltage Therefore, there is a danger that the circuit to be protected will be short-circuited. Therefore, from this point as well, the conventional surge voltage absorbing element has not been considered as an element that absorbs a surge voltage much higher than the power supply voltage generated at the switch contact.
- an object of the present invention is a small-sized structure, regardless of a manually operated type, a relay type, and a thermal protector type, which melts or damages a large DC current at a high voltage.
- a switch that shuts off safely and completely without Is Rukoto. Disclosure of the invention
- the direct current cutoff switch is formed at a predetermined position inside, and is formed with a first fixed contact connected to a terminal portion for connecting to an external circuit; A second fixed contact formed at a predetermined position and connected to a terminal portion for connecting to an external circuit; and a second fixed contact arranged at a position facing the first and second fixed contacts, respectively.
- a movable portion for supporting the first and second movable contacts with electrical conductivity, and pressing the first and second movable contacts of the movable portion against the first and second fixed contacts, respectively.
- Contact pressing means for conducting DC current between the first and second fixed contacts via the first movable contact, the movable portion, and the second movable contact; first, the first fixed The first movable contact pressed against the contact is opened from the first fixed contact.
- Contact opening means for opening the second movable contact pressed by the second fixed contact from the second fixed contact, and connecting between the movable portion and the first fixed contact.
- the first movable contact point is opened from the first fixed contact by the contact opening means to interrupt a large direct current between the two contacts. Then, there is a region showing a minimum resistance value while the voltage between the two contacts shifts from 0 V to the power supply voltage, and the second movable contact is opened from the second fixed contact and the first and second movable contacts are opened.
- the non-linear resistance element is a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient), and the contact open voltage when the DC large current is cut off by opening the first movable contact is from 28 V. Configured to be in the range of 48V.
- the PTC is configured to have a voltage-current characteristic in which, for example, an upper limit voltage or a minimum point in a range where thermal runaway does not occur is in a range of 80 V or more. Is located between 2 V and 20 V with voltage-current characteristics.
- the external circuit is preferably, for example, a circuit rated at DC 42 V or a circuit for driving an inductive load.
- the movable member may be configured to be driven by, for example, a bimetal.
- the external circuit is a charge-side circuit or a charge / discharge circuit of a secondary battery pack exceeding 28 V, and is used for charging.
- the circuit be configured so that the open circuit voltage when the movable contact is opened during charge / discharge does not exceed 5 OV.
- the PTC is, for example, T c (Curie temperature ) Is preferably set to a value higher than the operating temperature of the bimetal.
- the movable member may be configured to be driven by, for example, an electromagnetic coil.
- the non-linear resistance element is configured to prevent an arc generated between the first movable contact and the first fixed contact from continuing for more than 2 milliseconds when the first movable contact is opened, for example.
- it is configured to indicate a resistance value that limits the current after the first movable contact is opened to a current of preferably 1 A or less that does not generate an arc.
- the nonlinear resistance element is constituted by a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient), and for example, the contact open voltage when the DC large current is cut off by opening the movable contact is in a range of 130 V to 310 V. Can also be set to.
- PTC Platinum Temperature Coefficient
- a PTC with specially set voltage / current characteristics and temperature characteristics is connected in parallel to the contact circuit of the switch that opens first before and after the switch that opens first. Because of the connection, even if the first switch contact is opened to cut off the high-voltage current, a closed circuit is formed and a surge voltage is unlikely to occur, after which the PTC passes through the minimum resistance area and cuts off almost all the current.
- the PTC is electrically disconnected from the contact circuit when the current interrupting operation is completed by the contact that opens later, so that, for example, 30 to 50 V without further setting the gap between the opened contacts, and furthermore, A high-voltage DC current of 130 V to 310 V can be cut off quickly and reliably, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the switch mechanism and easily coping with the recent miniaturization of electronic devices. It is convenient because the application is expanded.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a push-button type manually operated switch as a DC cutoff switch according to the first embodiment
- FIGS. 1 (b) and 1 (c) show the configuration of this manually operated switch together with (a).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an operation state of the switch.
- Figures 2 (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams schematically showing the circuit configuration of the manually operated switch corresponding to Figs. 1 (a), (b), and (c), together with the external circuit configuration. is there.
- Figure 3 is a voltage-current characteristic diagram obtained by prototyping various PTCs as samples and examining the relationship between their voltage and current through experiments.
- Figure 4 is a chart showing the main characteristics of each PTC obtained from the voltage-current characteristics diagram in numerical values for easy understanding.
- FIG. 5 shows the process of the change when the current of 42 V was interrupted by a conventional thermostat without PTC for comparison, and (b) shows the change process with PTC.
- FIG. 4 shows a change process when a current of 42 V is cut off by the thermostat of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6 (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams showing the configuration of an electromagnetic relay as a DC current cutoff switch in the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C are diagrams showing a configuration of a thermostat as a direct current cutoff switch according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example in which the PCT is included in the contact circuit. Explanation of reference numerals
- the current cutoff switch incorporates a PTC configured with special characteristics, and the characteristics of this PTC will be described later.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a push-button type manually operated switch as a DC current cutoff switch according to the first embodiment
- FIGS. It is a figure which shows the operation state of this manually operated switch with figure (a).
- Figures 2 (a), (b) and (c) schematically show the circuit configurations of the manually operated switches corresponding to Figures 1 (a), (b) and (c), together with the external circuit configuration.
- FIG. 1 Figures 1 (a), (b) and (c)
- the manually operated switch 1 shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 2 (a) is formed by being arranged at a predetermined position (right side of the center in the figure) of the housing 2 shown in FIG. 1 (a).
- the first fixed contact 4-11 connected to the connection portion 3-1 for connection to the connection terminal 11-1 of the external circuit 10 shown in (a) and another predetermined position of the housing 2 ( 2 (a left side from the center in the figure) and a second fixed connection connected to a connection portion 3-2 for connection to a connection terminal 11-2 of an external circuit 10 shown in FIG. 2 (a). Points 4-1 and 2 are provided.
- a first movable contact 5-1 and a second movable contact 5-2 arranged at positions opposed to the first fixed contact 411 and the second fixed contact 412, respectively, And a movable portion 6 that supports the first movable contact 5-1 and the second movable contact 5-2 with electrical conductivity.
- an upwardly projecting spring plate 7 as a contact pressing means is provided with a hole formed in the center at the ceiling of the housing 2 (here, Is located on the upper side of the figure, so it is called the ceiling, but it is actually the surface that should also be the mounting surface of this switch, and it is often horizontal or downward in practical use. (Depends on the viewing position).
- the spring plate 7 has its both ends pressed against the ends of the movable part 6 from above, and the both ends of the movable part 6 are in contact with the lower surfaces of both ends of the movable part 6.
- the first movable contact 5-1 and the second movable contact 5-2 which are supported are urged downward.
- the spring plate 7 always connects the first movable contact 5_1 and the second movable contact 5-2 to the first fixed contact 4-1 and the second fixed contact 4-1 2 To the first fixed contact 4 via the movable portion 6 having electrical conductivity, that is, via the first movable contact 5-1 and the second movable contact 5-2.
- DC current is conducted between the first and second fixed contacts 4-2.
- a contact operating part 8 is provided as a contact opening means comprising a lifting part 8-1, a ratchet part 8-2, and a push button 8_3.
- the elevating unit 8_1 of the contact operating unit 8 is located closer to the first movable contact 5_.1 than the center in the ratchet unit 8-2, and projects upward from the elevating unit 8-1.
- the engaging projection 8-1-1 force S provided is passed through the engaging hole 6-1 formed closer to the first movable contact 5-1 than the center of the movable section 6, and is movable. The part 6 and the contact operating part 8 are engaged.
- a rectangular prism-shaped PTC 9 as a non-linear resistance element is sandwiched between the lower surface of the external connection terminal 3-1 and the bottom surface of the housing 2 which are inserted from the outside of the housing 2 to the inside. Is arranged.
- the shape of the PTC 9 is not limited to a quadrangular prism, but may be an arbitrary prism such as a triangular prism, a polygonal prism having five or more angles, or a cylinder.
- the upper and lower surfaces of the PTC 9 are electrode surfaces, respectively.
- the upper electrode 911 is connected to the lower surface of the external connection terminal 3-1.
- the lower electrode 912 of the PTC 9 has a movable part.
- the connection line 6a drawn from 6 is connected.
- the PTC 9 is connected in parallel to a contact circuit composed of the first movable contact 5-1 and the first fixed contact 4-1 as shown in FIG. 2 (a).
- push button 8-3 of contact operating section 8 is When this is pushed into the section (in the figure, it is pushed up), this pushing operation is transmitted to the elevating section 8-1 via the ratchet section 8-2, and the elevating section 8-1 is raised. As the elevating unit 8-1 rises, the movable unit 6 attempts to move upward by being pushed.
- the engaging portion between the lifting / lowering portion 8 _ 1 and the movable portion 6 is located closer to the first movable contact 5-1 than the center.
- the biasing torque applied from the spring plate 7 to both ends of the movable portion 6 is stronger at the second movable contact 5 _ 2, which is longer from the fulcrum, and is smaller at the first movable contact 5 _ 2, which is shorter than the fulcrum.
- the biasing torque on the movable contact 5-1 is weak.
- the first movable contact 5-1 having a relatively low bias torque first moves upward. That is, first, the first movable contact 5-1 is opened from the first fixed contact 411, and the current flowing between these contacts is cut off.
- the function of the PTC 9 connected in parallel to the contact circuit composed of the first movable contact 5-1 and the first fixed contact 411 will be described.
- the PTC 9 as a non-linear resistance element has the first movable contact 5_1 and the first fixed contact 4-1 closed.
- the voltage between the upper electrode 9-1 and the lower electrode 9-2 is substantially "0", and therefore, no current flows through the PTC 9 having a predetermined resistance value based on 25 ° C.
- the first movable contact 5_ Since the PTC 9 is connected in parallel between 1 and the first fixed contact 4-1, the overall circuit is a closed circuit, so that surge is unlikely to occur.
- the power supply voltage is applied to the PTC 9, so that the PTC 9 instantaneously generates heat, and the generated heat causes a predetermined peak current based on the characteristics of the PTC 9 to flow. Since the resistance value is lowered to the resistance value, surge voltage is hardly generated. As a result, no current due to the surge voltage flows between the opened first movable contact 5-1 and the first fixed contact 411, that is, the open first movable contact 5-1 and the first No arc occurs between the fixed contacts 4 and 1 of 1.
- the PTC 9 further generates heat by flowing the current as it is, and then the resistance value rises. With the power supply voltage, a very small amount of negligible current flows.
- the lifting / lowering portion 8-1 is further raised, and as shown in FIGS. 1 (c) and 2 (c),
- the second movable contact 5-2 side of the movable section 6 also moves upward. That is, first, the first movable contact 5-1 is opened from the first fixed contact 4_1, and subsequently, the second movable contact 5-2 is opened from the second fixed contact 412. I do.
- this manually operated switch 1 completely shuts off high-voltage DC current. Moreover, as described above, an arc is not generated between the contacts while the high-voltage DC current of 30 V to 42 V (in some cases, 50 V) is quickly and completely interrupted, and the contacts melt. Not even.
- FIG. 9 is a voltage-current characteristic diagram obtained by plotting.
- the horizontal axis shows voltage (V)
- the vertical axis shows current (A).
- the scale is shown in logarithm on both the horizontal and vertical axes.
- the resistance value shown at the left end of each characteristic curve in the voltage-current characteristic diagram shown in the same figure indicates the resistance value at 25 ° C.
- the resistance value under the environmental temperature condition of 25 ° C is a standard for specially identifying PTC, which is a nonlinear resistance element.
- FIG. 4 is a table showing the main characteristics of each PTC obtained from the above-mentioned voltage-current characteristics diagram by numerical values for easy understanding.
- each characteristic curve in the voltage / current characteristic diagram in Fig. 3 is shown. 7 ⁇ , 15 ⁇ , 30 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ , 30 ⁇ , 50 ⁇ , 100 ⁇ , 200 ⁇ , 300 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ (5000) ⁇ , and 10 (10000) ⁇
- the sample numbers from ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . 1 to No. 11 are assigned to the PTC values.
- the characteristics including thermal runaway of PTC will be described.
- the power supply voltage is 100 V or 200 V
- the initial resistance of about 5 k ⁇ to 10 k ⁇ is used.
- the voltage within the range that does not cause thermal runaway due to voltage and current durability The position of the current peak with respect to is a PTC with a characteristic of 50 V or more.
- the arc generated at the time of breaking and breaking does not decrease in resistance, and the situation is almost the same as when a fixed resistor is connected. Since the voltage across the thermostat divided by the load resistance does not decrease so much, the arc cannot be reduced.
- the PTC setting is set so that the position of the current peak with respect to the voltage within the range where thermal runaway does not occur in the voltage-current characteristics is set to a value lower than the above-mentioned DC voltage of 50 V, the current that opens between the switch terminals A higher voltage is applied beyond the voltage that generates the minimum resistance value of the PTC at shutdown.
- a PTC is connected in parallel between these contacts, and the voltage between the switch terminals changes from 0 V to a voltage excluding the drop at the load in a very short time.
- the terminals of the switch are clamped by the PTC, Even if it is performed, it will remain a closed circuit with no open parts, making it difficult for transient surge voltages to occur.
- the PTC has a section with the minimum resistance value in between, and the current flowing through the PTC also has a peak.
- the peak of the voltage-current characteristics is around 10 V, and the current at 42 V is 0.015 A at this static characteristic. There will be a peak of 0.045 A during that time. From the graph in Fig. 3, the minimum resistance is calculated to be about 222 ⁇ , but this resistance is connected in parallel with the arc in the breaking process, and since the resistance has the minimum value, surge voltage does not easily occur. However, the continuation of the arc is also suppressed, and the arc is extinguished during the interruption process.
- the maximum voltage of two series of 12 V batteries is 28 V
- the maximum voltage of three series batteries is 42 V.
- the voltage from 28 V is effective to set the peak current at a voltage lower than 28 V, specifically, up to 2 OV. This ability can be increased by reducing the resistance value.However, if the PTC is applied with an excessive voltage, and if a voltage exceeding the capacity limit of self-control is applied, the current will increase rapidly and thermal runaway will occur. Enter the area.
- the point at which the curve starts to rise when an excessive voltage is applied corresponds to the region where the resistance increases with respect to voltage (lower right). Although the figure looks almost horizontal, the right end actually rises slightly). This point is called a minimum point or a pressure limit point, and beyond this point, the PTC enters the above-mentioned thermal runaway region, and eventually causes self-destruction, so it is also called a thermal runaway occurrence point.
- PTC has an upper limit condition for the voltage, and this upper limit condition is the minimum point (thermal runaway occurrence point) of the above curve. Then, it is necessary to secure the safety by setting the voltage at the minimum point of this curve at least twice as much as the voltage normally used, and 80 V is a standard.
- This condition is defined as the peak voltage of the voltage and current characteristics. If the current value is specified, the characteristics on the low voltage side lower than 2 V will not have sufficient withstand voltage characteristics on the high voltage side, so the range can be limited to approximately 2 V to 20 V.
- the samples of No. 1 and No. 2 in Fig. 4 have the minimum point position lower than 2 V as shown in the minimum point position column 12-5 in Fig. 12, and the high voltage side Since the withstand voltage characteristics are not sufficient and safety at the working voltage cannot be ensured, these No. 1 and No. 2 samples will be excluded from adoption.
- the peak current position (V) shown in the peak current position column 12-4 indicates the position of the voltage at which the initial current flowing through the PCT becomes maximum. It is better that the current flowing through the PCT 9 immediately after the switch is opened as shown in Figs. 1 (b) and 2 (b) is the largest.To maximize the current that flows immediately after the switch is opened, Fig. Considering that the voltage applied to the PCT 9 immediately before opening the switch shown in (a) and FIG. 2 (a) is almost “0”, the smaller the position (V) of the peak current, the better.
- PCTs that can be used safely without thermal runaway at the target voltage (48 V or less). Then, such a PTC has voltage-current characteristics in which the position of the peak current is in the range of 2 V to 20 V.
- the sample No. 3 The positions of the minimum points of the samples from No. 9 to No. 9 are all between 60 and 170 V, and are 42 V or more.
- the PTCs of samples No. 3 to No. 5 have preferable characteristics because the position of the minimum point is 80 V or more, which is almost twice the rated voltage 42 V of the power supply described above. That is, these are connected in parallel between the first movable contact and the first fixed contact of the manually operated switch 1 connected to the external circuit 10 as shown in FIGS. 2 (a), (b) and (c). It is found to be suitable as PTC 9 to be performed.
- the minimum point positions are 110 V and 170 V, so that they can be applied even if the rated voltage of the power supply is 50 V. Turns out.
- PTC has a starting point of a temperature region where the resistance value rapidly increases, and this temperature is called the Curie temperature (Tc). This temperature is defined as the temperature corresponding to twice the minimum resistance. The minimum resistance value is the position (V) of the peak current shown in Fig. 5.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a diagram showing the current change process when a current of 42 V is cut off in a conventional switch configuration without a PTC for comparison
- Fig. 5 (b) is a diagram showing a process of a change in current when a current of 42 V is cut off in the switch configuration of the present invention provided with a PTC.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents voltage
- the time scale on the horizontal axis in Fig. (A) is a scale every 20 milliseconds
- the horizontal scale in Fig. (B) The time scale on the axis is a scale every 2 milliseconds.
- the contacts of the switch are opened to interrupt the current of voltage 42 V.
- the time t1 until the current between the contacts is completely cut off and the voltage reaches 0 V in this case, the current means 0, the same applies to the following
- more than 70 milliseconds have passed I have. That is, it means that the arc 13 was generated between the contacts during this period, and the generation of the arc 13 continued for more than 70 milliseconds. If the arc is generated continuously for more than 70 milliseconds, the contacts are easily melted and short-circuited due to fusion between the contacts, destroying the switch.
- the switch contacts are opened to cut off the voltage of 42 V, the current between the contacts is completely cut off, and the voltage becomes 0 V.
- the passage of time until the time T2 is less than 1 millisecond.
- high-voltage DC current can be cut off at a speed of about 1/70 or less of that of a conventional switch. Since no arc is generated, the contacts do not melt, and the life of the switch is significantly prolonged.
- the manual operation type switch has been described as an example.
- the switch is not limited to the manual operation type switch, and for example, an electromagnetic relay may be used. This will be described below as another embodiment.
- FIG. 6 (a), 6 (b) and 6 (c) are diagrams showing the configuration of an electromagnetic relay as a DC current cutoff switch in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1A shows a top view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 1B, and a bottom view thereof.
- FIG. 2B shows a top view taken along the line BB ′ of FIG. 2A, and a bottom view below.
- FIG. 3C shows a sectional view after the switch is opened.
- the electromagnetic relay 15 is supported by a support member 17 which occupies a large part of the housing 16 and is separated from the coil 18-1 and the core 18-2.
- the electromagnet 18 is arranged.
- FIG. 2B shows a state in which one end of the movable member 19 in the long axis direction of the hook is sucked to the suction end of the core 18-2.
- a spring plate 21 is fixed to the other end of the movable member 19 in the short axis direction of the hook.
- a first movable contact point 2 2-1 is fixed to the lower surface of one of the forked ends 2 1-1 of the spring plate 21, and a second movable contact point 2 2-1 is fixed to the lower surface of the other end 2 1-2. Movable contact 2 2— 2 is fixed.
- a first fixed contact 25-1 is disposed at a position facing the first movable contact 22-1.
- the first fixed contact 251-1 is connected by a connecting member 24 to a terminal 23-1 protruding outside through the bottom of the housing 16 for connection to an external circuit. ing.
- a second fixed contact 25-2 is disposed below the second movable contact 22-2 at a position facing the second movable contact 22-2.
- the second fixed contact point 25-2 is directly connected to the inner end of a terminal part 23-2 that protrudes outward through the bottom of the housing 16 for connection to an external circuit. ing.
- a U-shaped spring member 26 is attached to the other end in the short-axis direction of the movable member 19 on which the spring plate 21 is fixed.
- the spring member 26 has its U-shaped opening directed toward the contact point, and the upper surface of the horizontal U-shape is fixed to the lower surface of the other end of the movable member 19 in the short axis direction, and the lower surface of the horizontal U-shape is formed.
- a PTC 27 as a non-linear resistance element is interposed between the first fixed contact 25-1 and the connecting member 24 of the first fixed contact 25-1.
- the PTC 27 has an upper electrode surface connected to the lower surface of the horizontal U-shaped spring member 26, and a lower electrode surface connected to the connection plate 29.
- the electromagnetic relays (a) and (b) As shown in the figure, since one end of the movable member 19 in the long axis direction is adsorbed to the suction end of the core 18_2, the spring member 26 is attached with the boundary between the long axis and the short axis as a fulcrum.
- the first movable contact 22-1 is pivoted in the counterclockwise direction by being piled with the force, and the first movable contact 22-1 is turned into the first fixed contact 25-by the biasing force of one end 21-1 of the spring plate 21. 1 and the second movable contact 22-2 is pressed against the second fixed contact 25-2 by the urging force of the other end 21-1 of the spring plate 21.
- connection terminals 23-1 and 23-2 are connected to the connection terminals 11-1 and 11-2 of the external circuit 10 shown in Fig. 2 (a).
- the pressure contact surface between the first movable contact 22-1 and the first fixed contact 25-1 is formed by the second movable contact 22-2 and the second fixed contact. It is set lower by the height a than the pressure contact surface with 25-2.
- the tips 21-1 and 21-2 of the spring plate 21 that generate the pressing force on these pressure contact surfaces have the same biasing force
- one end 21-1 holding the first movable contact 22-1 is sinking by the difference of the height a.
- the movable member 19 is rotated clockwise about the boundary between the long axis and the short axis by the spring member 26 as shown in FIG.
- the first movable contact 22-1 and the first fixed contact 25-1 which are sunk deep by the height a, are separated from each other, Released.
- the circuit state is the same as the circuit state shown in FIG.
- the PTC 27 is connected in parallel to the contact circuit consisting of the first movable contact 22-1 and the first fixed contact 25-1.
- a surge voltage is hardly generated between the first movable contact 22-1 and the first fixed contact 25-1.
- this electromagnetic relay 15 completely shuts off high-voltage DC current.
- the high-voltage DC current of 30 V to 42 V (50 V in some cases) is rapidly and completely shut off, and no arc is generated between the contacts, thus melting the contacts. Therefore, it is possible to configure a small electromagnetic relay in which the distance between the contacts can be relatively narrow.
- FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C are diagrams showing a configuration of a thermostat as a DC current cutoff switch according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a plan view of the upper part of the housing as seen through
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 2A
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′ of FIG.
- the thermostat 30 is composed of two terminals 3 1 1 and 3 1-2 force housing 3 2 for connection to an external circuit. It is provided so as to protrude outside from inside.
- the terminal portions 31-1 and 31-2 have a first fixed terminal 33-1 and a second fixed terminal 33-2 formed on an upper surface of an end portion in the housing 32, respectively.
- the bimetal 34 and the movable plate 3 whose other end swings up and down with the bimetal locking claw 36-1 as a fulcrum according to the reversal of the warpage of the bimetal 34. 6 are arranged.
- the other end of the movable plate 36 swinging up and down is divided into two forks, and the first fixed terminal 33-1 and the second fixed terminal 33-2 on the lower surface of the forked end are provided.
- a first movable terminal 37_1 and a second movable terminal 37-2 are formed at opposing positions.
- the bimetal 34 is made of a two-ply metal piece that always has a warp, and the warp is reversed with a predetermined temperature as a boundary.
- This thermostat 30 At normal operating temperature, the warp of the bimetal 34 is convex upward, one end of which is locked to the bimetal locking claw 36 _ 1 of the movable plate 36, and the other end of which is also the same as the movable plate 36. It is locked to the other bimetal locking claw 36-2.
- the end of the movable plate 36 on the side of the bimetal locking claw 36-1 is fixed to a conductive fixing portion 38, which is provided with this fixing portion 38 and a first fixing terminal 33-1.
- a PTC 39 is interposed between the inner end 31-1-1 of the terminal 31 1-1.
- the terminal portions 311 and 31-2 of the thermostat 30 are connected to the connection terminals 11-1 and 11-2 of the external circuit shown in FIG. 2 (a), respectively.
- an entire circuit similar to that shown in FIG. 2A is configured.
- the bimetal 34 reverses the warp and changes its shape upwardly and concavely. Let it. As a result, the end of the movable plate 36 on the bimetal locking claw 36-2 side is lifted upward.
- the press contact surface between the first movable contact 37--1 and the first fixed contact 33--1 is in contact with the second movable contact 37-2 and the second movable contact 37-2.
- the fixed contact 3 of 2 is set lower than the pressure contact surface with 3-2 by the height b, and the first movable contact 37-1 sinks by the difference of the height b.
- the contact circuit since the PTC 39 is connected in parallel to the contact circuit composed of the first movable contact 37-1 and the first fixed contact 33-1, the contact circuit also forms a closed circuit in this case, A surge voltage is unlikely to be generated between the first movable contact 37-1 and the first fixed contact 33-1. In other words, in this case, no arc is generated as shown in FIG. 5 (b). The current is interrupted within at least 2 ms.
- the second movable contact 37-2 is also separated from the second fixed contact 33-2. This completes the current cutoff, at which point PTC 39 remains electrically disconnected from these contact circuits.
- the thermostat 30 completely shuts off high-voltage DC current.
- the high-voltage DC current is quickly and completely shut off, and no arc is generated between the contacts, so that the contacts do not melt. can do.
- FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C are diagrams showing another example of the PTC connection.
- the effect of limiting the arc is small. That is, when the first movable contact 41-1 is opened from the first fixed contact 42-1, the power-side circuit is closed by the PTC 43 as shown in FIG. In this case, too, surge voltage is unlikely to occur. The PTC is already energized and its resistance is rising. Therefore, the effect is smaller than in the case of FIG. When the switch is closed, a leakage current flows through the PTC 43 to a negligible extent, as shown in FIG. Even in this case, it can be applied sufficiently if the target equipment to be connected is examined together with the power supply voltage.
- the PTC with an initial resistance of about 5 k ⁇ to 10 k ⁇ shown in Samples No. 10 and No. 11 is the current for the voltage within the range that does not cause thermal runaway due to voltage ⁇ current durability. Since the peak position is 5 OV or more, it is almost the same as a fixed resistance is connected because the resistance to the arc generated at the time of breaking and breaking used at a high voltage of 30 to 42 V does not accompany In the same situation, it was explained that the voltage at the switch did not decrease so much that the arc could not be reduced. However, this only applies to high voltages of 30 to 42 V.
- the PTC with an initial resistance of about 5 k ⁇ to 10 ⁇ shown as sample No. 10 and No. 11 above has a peak current position in the range of 40 V to 60 V and a minimum point of 250 V 350 350 V or more, so for a DC high voltage of 140 V to 300 V obtained by rectifying the commercial power supply voltage used inside the equipment, the sample No. for a high voltage of 30 to 42 V
- PTCs up to No. 9 preferably up to No. 5
- they can be connected in parallel to the switch part and used, and the same effects as described above can be obtained.
- the DC current cutoff switch of the present invention eliminates or suppresses the time of occurrence of a contact opening arc of a high-voltage DC current circuit to prevent melting and damage of contacts and completely cut off high-voltage DC current.
- This is a DC current cutoff switch, and the present invention can be used in all industries that use a DC current cutoff switch that cuts off DC current.
Landscapes
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/517,179 US20050189206A1 (en) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-05-22 | Direct current cutoff switch |
| EP03733027A EP1513172B1 (en) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-05-22 | Direct current cutoff switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002-169762 | 2002-06-11 | ||
| JP2002169762A JP4050098B2 (ja) | 2002-06-11 | 2002-06-11 | 直流電流遮断スイッチ |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003105171A1 true WO2003105171A1 (ja) | 2003-12-18 |
Family
ID=29727743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/006413 Ceased WO2003105171A1 (ja) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-05-22 | 直流電流遮断スイッチ |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050189206A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1513172B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4050098B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100359616C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003105171A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1693871A3 (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2007-12-12 | LS Cable Ltd. | Breaker for providing successive trip mechanism based on PCT current-limiting device |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100610952B1 (ko) | 2005-01-10 | 2006-08-09 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | 순차 트립 차단기 |
| JP2009158295A (ja) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-16 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | 直流電源用スイッチ |
| JP4630403B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-21 | 2011-02-09 | 内橋エステック株式会社 | 保護素子 |
| CN102137768B (zh) | 2008-07-28 | 2016-04-06 | 弗莱克健康理念股份有限公司 | 海陆空全能交通工具 |
| CN102003809B (zh) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-12-12 | 邱玉燕 | 温控真空集热元件磁力工作点调整方法 |
| CN102003817B (zh) * | 2009-09-03 | 2013-05-22 | 林建平 | 真空集热元件通过罩玻管可控散热的方法及器件 |
| CN103608886B (zh) * | 2011-06-28 | 2015-12-23 | 打矢恒温器株式会社 | 马达保护器 |
| US8445803B1 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-05-21 | Itron, Inc. | High power electrical switching device |
| CN103000446B (zh) * | 2012-06-01 | 2015-11-18 | 佛山市天朋温控器有限公司 | 断电复位突跳式温控器 |
| CN104319121A (zh) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-28 | 中山顺富节能科技有限公司 | 开关式节电器 |
| DE102015200507A1 (de) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-07-21 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Schalt- und Schutzeinrichtung für Hochvolt-Bordnetze |
| JP7311163B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-27 | 2023-07-19 | ウチヤ・サーモスタット株式会社 | 電子機器 |
| WO2020059086A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社生方製作所 | 直流遮断器 |
| JP7280848B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-18 | 2023-05-24 | ボーンズ株式会社 | ブレーカー、安全回路及び2次電池パック |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS5112697Y1 (ja) * | 1973-03-15 | 1976-04-06 | ||
| JPS56169344U (ja) * | 1980-05-17 | 1981-12-15 | ||
| US5629658A (en) | 1992-08-18 | 1997-05-13 | Chen; William W. | Methods of arc suppression and circuit breakers with electronic alarmers |
| JP2001035330A (ja) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-02-09 | Uchiya Thermostat Kk | サーマルプロテクタ |
| JP2002204525A (ja) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-19 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | ブレーカとブレーカを内蔵するパック電池 |
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| DE1154555B (de) * | 1961-02-09 | 1963-09-19 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | Mit Kontakten arbeitende elektrische Schalteinrichtung |
| FR1380789A (fr) * | 1963-11-05 | 1964-12-04 | Parsons C A & Co Ltd | Améliorations aux dispositifs de coupure du courant électrique |
| DE8300960U1 (de) * | 1983-01-15 | 1983-06-09 | Fritz Eichenauer GmbH & Co KG, 6744 Kandel | Temperaturwächter |
| JPH07282701A (ja) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-10-27 | Texas Instr Japan Ltd | 自己保持型保護装置 |
| JP2791383B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-10 | 1998-08-27 | ウチヤ・サーモスタット株式会社 | 二重安全サーモスタット |
| US5707756A (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1998-01-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Non-aqueous secondary battery |
| US5689395A (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-11-18 | Raychem Corporation | Overcurrent protection circuit |
| US5737160A (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1998-04-07 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical switches comprising arrangement of mechanical switches and PCT device |
| US5864458A (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1999-01-26 | Raychem Corporation | Overcurrent protection circuits comprising combinations of PTC devices and switches |
| DE19727197C2 (de) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-10-21 | Marcel Hofsaess | Temperaturabhängiger Schalter mit Kontaktbrücke |
| JP3609741B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2005-01-12 | 三洋電機株式会社 | パック電池 |
| US6958671B2 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2005-10-25 | Square D Company | Electrical contactor with positive temperature coefficient resistivity element |
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2002
- 2002-06-11 JP JP2002169762A patent/JP4050098B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-05-22 CN CNB038133709A patent/CN100359616C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-22 US US10/517,179 patent/US20050189206A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-22 WO PCT/JP2003/006413 patent/WO2003105171A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-05-22 EP EP03733027A patent/EP1513172B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5112697Y1 (ja) * | 1973-03-15 | 1976-04-06 | ||
| JPS56169344U (ja) * | 1980-05-17 | 1981-12-15 | ||
| US5629658A (en) | 1992-08-18 | 1997-05-13 | Chen; William W. | Methods of arc suppression and circuit breakers with electronic alarmers |
| JP2001035330A (ja) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-02-09 | Uchiya Thermostat Kk | サーマルプロテクタ |
| JP2002204525A (ja) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-19 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | ブレーカとブレーカを内蔵するパック電池 |
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| Title |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1693871A3 (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2007-12-12 | LS Cable Ltd. | Breaker for providing successive trip mechanism based on PCT current-limiting device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1513172A4 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
| EP1513172A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
| JP4050098B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 |
| CN1659667A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
| JP2004014435A (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
| EP1513172B1 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
| US20050189206A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
| CN100359616C (zh) | 2008-01-02 |
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