WO2003105997A1 - Procede et dispositif pour regler un systeme de denitruration de gaz de combustion - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour regler un systeme de denitruration de gaz de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003105997A1
WO2003105997A1 PCT/EP2003/006309 EP0306309W WO03105997A1 WO 2003105997 A1 WO2003105997 A1 WO 2003105997A1 EP 0306309 W EP0306309 W EP 0306309W WO 03105997 A1 WO03105997 A1 WO 03105997A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flue gas
gas denitrification
denitrification system
model
catalyst
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2003/006309
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lothar Schuh
Andreas Kroll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to AU2003253013A priority Critical patent/AU2003253013A1/en
Publication of WO2003105997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003105997A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8696—Controlling the catalytic process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a flue gas denitrification system according to the preamble of claims 1 and 9.
  • Flue gas denitrification plants are used to reduce the amount of NOx in the flue gas after the combustion of fossil fuels. Such systems are used, for example, in power plants that are operated with fossil fuels in the form of coal, natural gas and petroleum to generate heat. Flue gas denitrification plants are also used in waste and sewage sludge incineration plants, process steam plants or fossil-fired boilers of refineries. A distinction is made between flue gas denitrification plants between selective catalytic reduction and selective non-catalytic reduction. In large plants, flue gas denitrification plants are preferably used, which work according to the selective catalytic reduction.
  • the nitrogen oxides contained in the flue gas are reacted with a reducing agent, preferably ammonia, to nitrogen and water using a catalyst.
  • a reducing agent preferably ammonia
  • the catalytic converters integrated in such flue gas denitrification plants are exposed to very large loads which limit their lifespan. For example, the micro-surfaces of the catalysts are lost because the pores of the catalysts are destroyed by the influence of very high temperatures.
  • arsenic or alkali metals that are carried in the flue gases are irreversibly bound to the catalytically active surfaces.
  • the narrow pores of the catalysts are blocked by ammonium sulfate, which is formed by oxidation of S0 2 to S0 3 and then by reaction with NH 3 to NH 4 HS0 4 .
  • the pores of the catalytic converters are also clogged by dust that is carried along by the flue gases.
  • the contamination of a catalytic converter by dust can be removed by blowing it out, if necessary.
  • Deactivation by chemical influences cannot be reversed.
  • the conversion in the catalyst decreases on the one hand due to the reduction in the number of catalytic activity centers. This means that the delay time of the flue gas denitrification plant is increased. The catalyst needs this time to activate sufficient ammonia so that the required degree of denitrification is achieved.
  • the efficiency of the catalyst decreases with the loss of activity and the increasing pollution. More ammonia must therefore be injected into the catalyst.
  • the NO and O 2 concentrations are measured upstream of the catalytic converter.
  • the NO content in the flue gas after the catalytic converter is also measured.
  • the amount of ammonia to be injected is calculated from the amount of fuel used and the amount of air supplied during combustion in conjunction with the calorific value of the fuel and the O 2 content of the flue gas. This control value is therefore a pilot control signal for the ammonia injection.
  • the setpoint is set by measuring the NO content after the catalytic converter, which is compared with the calculated NO content.
  • the known methods for controlling flue gas denitrification systems are based on models in which the aging of a catalytic converter is not taken into account.
  • model-based controllers such as Smith predictors or model predictive controllers
  • the quality of the control decreases with the aging of a catalytic converter. It can this leads to a cyclical or unstable behavior.
  • controllers are often designed to be laxer than would normally be the case.
  • the controller gain is generally reduced in comparison to a dead time-free process in order to avoid unstable behavior. This is easily understood by looking at the poles of the closed loop.
  • the control quality that can be achieved with an adapted control strategy is not achieved in this way.
  • the invention is based on the object of demonstrating a method with which better regulation of flue gas denitrification systems can be carried out than is the case with the known methods.
  • the invention is also based on the object of demonstrating a device with which the method can be carried out.
  • control of a flue gas denitrification system can be significantly improved. This is particularly the case when the catalytic converter of the flue gas denitrification plant has the aging conditions described at the beginning.
  • control and process control strategies according to the invention enables the plant operation to be improved.
  • the deactivation of the catalyst of the flue gas denitrification system to be controlled is determined on the basis of measurement data.
  • measurement data for example, measurement data from the heat tone or the change in conductivity of the catalyst are suitable.
  • the measured amount of ammonia that is not for the Denitrification of the flue gas is used, but released into the environment, can also be used to determine the deactivation of the catalyst.
  • the dead time and the delay of the flue gas denitrification system are determined from the deactivation of the catalytic converter, the temperature and the speed of the flue gas in front of and behind the flue gas denitrification system and additional information that can be determined, for example, from empirical values.
  • Fig. 2. the output concentration control of a PID controller, a Smith predictor and a model predictive controller.
  • the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a controller 2, a flue gas detoxification system 3, a measuring device 4, and four computers 5, 6, 7A and 7B.
  • the method according to the invention is essentially designed for control using an explicit model of a flue gas denitrification system, preferably the model of a Smith predictor.
  • This model is stored in the computer 7A and is adapted to the current values of the flue gas denitrification system 3.
  • the parameters of this model are adapted to the parameters of the flue gas denitrification plant 3 when new.
  • the model is particularly suitable for use in dead time processes.
  • the computer 7A is followed by the computer 7B, which is used as a delay element 7B.
  • the method can also be used if a model is only implicitly received as a controller. This is the case when the controller parameters are calculated and / or derived from the model, as is the case with PID controllers or state controllers, for example.
  • the flue gas denitrification system 3 is equipped with a catalyst 3K and integrated in an exhaust gas duct 8. Flue gas 9 is discharged from an incineration plant (not shown here) via the exhaust gas duct 8. From a storage container 10, ammonia is fed to the flue gas depletion system 3 via a valve 11 serving as a metering device. The valve 11 is actuated by the controller 2. The amount of flue gas 9 and the content of NO x in the flue gas 9 is determined and stored before the flue gas 9 enters the flue gas denitrification system 3 with the aid of the measuring device 4. The same applies to the NO x content which the flue gas 9 has after leaving the flue gas denitrification plant 3. These measured values are also supplied to the computer 7A, among other things.
  • the differential pressure above the flue gas denitrification system 3 the amount of ammonia that is fed to the flue gas denitrification system 3 to reduce the NOx content in the flue gas 9, the heat toning of the Catalyst 3K, the change in conductivity of the catalyst 3K, the amount of ammonia that is not used for the denitrification of the flue gas 9, but is released to the environment, the speed of the flue gas 9 and its temperature are determined and stored. All measurements can be carried out continuously.
  • the measuring device 4 is connected to carry out the measurements via signal lines 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D with the exhaust gas duct 8 in front of and behind the flue gas denitrification system 3, with the flue gas denitrification system 3 and the valve 11.
  • the measuring device 4 is also designed and connected in such a way that it can also be used to determine and store further measurement signals which may be necessary for carrying out the entire method.
  • the measurement data recorded with the measuring device 4 are fed to the computer 5, which is connected to the measuring device 4.
  • the deactivation ⁇ of the catalyst 3K is determined there from these measurement data. This information is forwarded to the computer 6, which is connected downstream of the computer 5.
  • Measurement data from the temperature ⁇ and the speed of the flue gas 9 in front of and behind the flue gas denitrification plant 3 are transmitted directly from the measuring device 4 to the computer 6.
  • the two computers 5 and 6 can also be replaced by a single computer (not shown here).
  • the parametric behavior changes such as dead time and amplification of the flue gas denitrification system 3 are determined.
  • This information can be physically motivated based on rules and / or knowledge, determined by measurements or stimulation and regression or identification of certain relationships.
  • This also includes the use of artificial neural networks, the identification of fuzzy models or other linear or non-linear regression models.
  • the combination of an absolute model with a trend model or a combination of several of these approaches is possible. Since this information is used for operational management and / or control, it does not have to describe the spatial variation along the catalyst 3K, for example. A description of the resulting input and / or output behavior of the flue gas denitrification plant 3 is sufficient for this, for example.
  • the additional information required to determine the parametric behavior changes of the flue gas denitrification system 3 in addition to the deactivation ⁇ of the catalyst 3K, the temperature and / or the speed of the flue gas 9 can also be obtained from empirical values of the operating personnel of the flue gas denitrification system 3. If the operating personnel has sufficient knowledge of how the deactivation ⁇ of the catalytic converter influences the behavior of the flue gas denitrification system 3, the parametric behavior changes can also be described by a rule and / or knowledge-based model. For example, a fuzzy set of rules can be used for this. Such a regulation can be approximated by a table of values. This simplifies implementation in standard control systems or programmable logic controllers. In this case, the fuzzy set of rules, which supplies the information about dead time and amplification of the flue gas denitrification system 3, runs on the computer 6.
  • a dynamic model of the flue gas denitrification system 3 can be obtained can be determined for the current deactivation state of the catalyst 3K.
  • Simple linear and non-linear regression models, artificial neural networks or fuzzy models can be considered as model types. It is also possible to deactivate the deactivation ⁇ of the catalyst for different age states. to include the same catalyst. A relationship between the deactivation ⁇ of the catalytic converter and the parametric behavior changes can then be determined from this.
  • the model to be created can also be approximately composed of two sub-models. The first partial model is determined from measured values of the present deactivation ⁇ of the catalyst 3K.
  • the relative change in catalyst activity is determined for the second partial model from the measured values of a reference system.
  • a similarly designed flue gas denitrification system (not shown here) can be used as the reference system.
  • the gas speeds in the reference system (not shown here) and the flue gas denitrification system 3 to be controlled can differ.
  • a model can be put together from the two sub-models, which describes absolutely and quantitatively the change in the model parameters with the deactivation ⁇ of the catalyst. Such a simplified model is sufficient for a robust controller.
  • the gain determined in the computer 6 or the dead time of the flue gas denitrification system 3 are fed to the computer 7A or to the computer 7B serving as a delay element.
  • the dynamic model of the flue gas denitrification plant 3 stored in the computer 7 is adapted to the current value of the gain.
  • the output signal of the controller 2 is also fed to the computer 7A for the adaptation of the dynamic model.
  • the computer 7A receives from the measuring device 4 the measured values for the amount of flue gas 9 and the content of NO x in the flue gas 9 before entering and after leaving the flue gas. Embroidery system 3.
  • the computer 7A influences the actual value of the controller 2 as a function of this dynamic model.
  • the output signal of the computer is fed to the delay element 7B connected downstream.
  • the difference values between the output signal of the computer 7B and the measured proportion of NO x , which is still contained in the flue gas 9 after denitrification, is determined in a difference generator 12 and passed on to a difference generator of the controller 2 serving as a setpoint generator 2S. The specified setpoint is corrected accordingly.
  • the output signal of the difference former 12 is also forwarded to the computer 6.
  • the setpoint generator 2S is followed by an actual value generator 2T serving as a difference generator. This compares the supplied setpoint with the prediction of the dynamic model of the computer 7A.
  • the output signal of the actual value transmitter 2T is fed to the controller 2.
  • the invention is not limited to the control principle of the Smith predictor. Rather, the term predictive control indicates that a model is used within the control with which the effect of the manipulated variable on the behavior of the controlled system is predicted. As an alternative to the Smith predictor, the control can therefore also be carried out using a model-predictive controller, also called MPC for short. This also uses an internal route model. 2 shows the output concentration control of a PID controller, a Smith predictor and a model predictive controller. If setpoint changes and / or faults are known, the MPC controller leads to significantly better properties than the first two controllers mentioned, the Smith predictor in turn delivering better results than the PID relay.
  • MPC model-predictive controller

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a pour objet le réglage d'un système de dénitruration de gaz de combustion (3) qui est équipé d'un catalyseur (3k) destiné à réaliser une dénitruration catalytique sélective de gaz de combustion (9) grâce à de l'ammoniac. A cet effet, les modifications comportementales des paramètres du système de dénitruration de gaz de combustion (3) sont déterminées en continu. Un modèle prédéterminé du système de dénitruration de gaz de combustion (3) dépend de ces modifications comportementales de paramètres. Ce modèle dynamique est utilisé pour le réglage du système de dénitruration de gaz de combustion (3). La mise en oeuvre du procédé fait intervenir un dispositif (1) qui présente un dispositif de mesure (4) et un premier dispositif de calcul (5) qui détermine la désactivation ( alpha ) du catalyseur (3K) à partir des valeurs de mesure. Un second dispositif de calcul (6) détermine les modifications comportementales des paramètres du système de dénitruration de gaz de combustion (3). Le second dispositif de calcul est en liaison avec un troisième dispositif de calcul (7A) dans lequel le modèle du système de dénitruration de gaz de combustion (3) est enregistré et adapté aux modifications comportementales de paramètres. Le troisième dispositif de calcul (7A) est relié à un capteur de valeur réelle (2T) d'un dispositif de régulation (2) qui régule l'apport d'ammoniac au catalyseur (3K).
PCT/EP2003/006309 2002-06-17 2003-06-16 Procede et dispositif pour regler un systeme de denitruration de gaz de combustion Ceased WO2003105997A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003253013A AU2003253013A1 (en) 2002-06-17 2003-06-16 Method and device for controlling a flue gas denitrification plant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002127026 DE10227026A1 (de) 2002-06-17 2002-06-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung einer Rauchgasentstickungsanlage
DE10227026.0 2002-06-17

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WO2003105997A1 true WO2003105997A1 (fr) 2003-12-24

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DE (1) DE10227026A1 (fr)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012202112A1 (de) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Krones Ag Verfahren zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung von Filteranlagen mit einem Medienfilter
CN105169919A (zh) * 2015-10-09 2015-12-23 索通发展股份有限公司 炭素罐式煅烧炉烟气脱硝装置及其脱硝工艺
WO2016118470A1 (fr) * 2015-01-20 2016-07-28 Alstom Technology Ltd Commande basée sur un modèle pour un four et procédé permettant de commander le four

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004055832A1 (de) * 2004-11-19 2006-06-01 Celanese Chemicals Europe Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aldehyden

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0604236A1 (fr) * 1992-12-25 1994-06-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif de contrôle d'élimination d'oxydes d'azote
DE4315278A1 (de) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-10 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Dosierung eines Reduktionsmittels in ein stickoxidhaltiges Abgas
JPH07328389A (ja) * 1994-06-03 1995-12-19 Babcock Hitachi Kk 脱硝装置のアンモニア注入量制御方法および装置
DE19736384A1 (de) * 1997-08-21 1999-02-25 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Verfahren zur Dosierung eines Reduktionsmittels in stickoxidhaltiges Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine
US6092367A (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-07-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for metering the introduction of a reducing agent into the exhaust-gas or exhaust-air stream of a combustion installation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0604236A1 (fr) * 1992-12-25 1994-06-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif de contrôle d'élimination d'oxydes d'azote
DE4315278A1 (de) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-10 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Dosierung eines Reduktionsmittels in ein stickoxidhaltiges Abgas
JPH07328389A (ja) * 1994-06-03 1995-12-19 Babcock Hitachi Kk 脱硝装置のアンモニア注入量制御方法および装置
US6092367A (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-07-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for metering the introduction of a reducing agent into the exhaust-gas or exhaust-air stream of a combustion installation
DE19736384A1 (de) * 1997-08-21 1999-02-25 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Verfahren zur Dosierung eines Reduktionsmittels in stickoxidhaltiges Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 04 30 April 1996 (1996-04-30) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012202112A1 (de) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Krones Ag Verfahren zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung von Filteranlagen mit einem Medienfilter
WO2016118470A1 (fr) * 2015-01-20 2016-07-28 Alstom Technology Ltd Commande basée sur un modèle pour un four et procédé permettant de commander le four
RU2706080C2 (ru) * 2015-01-20 2019-11-13 Дженерал Электрик Текнолоджи Гмбх Основанные на модели средства управления печью и способ управления печью
CN105169919A (zh) * 2015-10-09 2015-12-23 索通发展股份有限公司 炭素罐式煅烧炉烟气脱硝装置及其脱硝工艺

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DE10227026A1 (de) 2004-03-18
AU2003253013A1 (en) 2003-12-31

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