WO2004013142A1 - A riboflavin derivative and its manufacture and uses - Google Patents

A riboflavin derivative and its manufacture and uses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004013142A1
WO2004013142A1 PCT/CN2003/000609 CN0300609W WO2004013142A1 WO 2004013142 A1 WO2004013142 A1 WO 2004013142A1 CN 0300609 W CN0300609 W CN 0300609W WO 2004013142 A1 WO2004013142 A1 WO 2004013142A1
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Prior art keywords
riboflavin
formula
compound
preparation
compound according
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Qishou Xu
Lin Wang
Chaoyang Tong
Changjiang Guo
Qiujun Lu
Liuhong Yun
Lihua Dai
Mingtang Sun
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Institute of Radiation Medicine of CAMMS
Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd
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Institute of Radiation Medicine of CAMMS
Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd
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Priority to CNB038137348A priority Critical patent/CN100413866C/zh
Priority to US10/522,110 priority patent/US20060293335A1/en
Priority to EP03766107A priority patent/EP1553099A4/en
Priority to AU2003257778A priority patent/AU2003257778A1/en
Publication of WO2004013142A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004013142A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/02Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12Antihypertensives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a riboflavin derivative and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Riboflavin is a component of the flavin enzyme prosthetic group. It is involved in the complex oxidation process of the body and plays an important pharmacological role. In recent years, pharmacological studies have shown that in addition to treating traditional riboflavin deficiency diseases, riboflavin also has pharmacological effects in the treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension complications, and burns. However, riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, which is easily eliminated from sweat and urine, has a short half-life, and has low bioavailability.
  • riboflavin intake when riboflavin intake is insufficient or the demand is increased, it can easily cause cheilitis, cheilitis, glossitis, scrotal dermatitis, etc., which are collectively called oral genital syndrome, as well as various nucleus such as conjunctivitis and bulbitis that affect vision. Flavin deficiency. For a long time, in order to prevent riboflavin deficiency caused by various reasons, a lot of research has been carried out on riboflavin derivatives. It is hoped that a suitable riboflavin derivative can be found as a prodrug and slowly released in vivo.
  • the riboflavin is in its original form and can be stored in the body for a long time after a single application to exert the effect of the drug.
  • Japanese scholar Kimi 0 and Miyamoto et al Synthesized riboflavin tetrapalmitic acid, tetradecanoate, tetrabutyrate, tetraacetate, and tryptophan tetraester by using riboflavin and fatty acid acyl chloride or anhydride in pyridine.
  • these esters cannot be hydrolyzed in saliva and small intestinal fluid. Further research on tetrapalmitate showed that it has no riboflavin biological activity.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a riboflavin derivative and a synthesis method thereof.
  • the derivative introduces a long-acting group, which can increase the retention of riboflavin in the body, so that it can increase absorption, delay excretion, and improve biological Utilization, to achieve the purpose of long-term effect.
  • the riboflavin derivatives provided by the present invention are riboflavin tetrastearate, tetrapalmitate, trilaurate, tetradecanoate, tetrabutyrate, tetraacetate, and tryptophan. Tetraesters, all riboflavin phosphates except riboflavin phosphate, or ester derivatives on the ribitol hydroxyl group of the thioriboflavin side chain.
  • the riboflavin derivative is a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-ester compound represented by formula (I), wherein R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are different, the same, or exist independently.
  • the above riboflavin derivatives can be prepared by conventional methods.
  • riboflavin-5'-lauric acid monoester represented by the structural formula ( ⁇ ) (
  • the riboflavin-5'-lauric acid monoester is prepared by adding lauroyl chloride dropwise to riboflavin or thioriboflavin suspended in a polar organic solvent.
  • the polar organic solvent of the suspended riboflavin or thioriboflavin is preferably pyridine or dimethylformamide.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a riboflavin long-acting preparation using the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient and a preparation method thereof.
  • a riboflavin long-acting oil suspension preparation is basically composed of a compound of formula ( ⁇ ) and ethyl oleate.
  • camellia oil is also added to the oil suspension preparation, and the weight (volume) ratio of each component is:
  • the preferred ratio of the weight (volume) of each component of the oil suspension formulation is:
  • the riboflavin long-acting oil suspension preparation of the present invention is prepared by pulverizing the raw materials by a conventional blending method.
  • riboflavin derivatives of the present invention have obvious effects in preventing and treating riboflavin deficiency, and overcome the defects that the existing riboflavin is easily discharged from body fluids, has a short half-life, and has low bioavailability.
  • the long-acting riboflavin-5'-laurate in the compounds of the present invention is the compound with the highest yield and the best effect.
  • four major spectral analyses (including two Dimensional superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance analysis) proves that it is a novel structured, novel riboflavin derivative.
  • a long-acting riboflavin sleeve suspension injection prepared by using the riboflavin-5'-laurate, a single intramuscular injection of 150mg / ml, the effect is up to three months, in order to prevent common riboflavin deficiency Disease provides an important medical treatment.
  • FIG 1 shows the changes in animal food intake during the experiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows the changes in animal weight during the experiment.
  • Figure 3 shows the changes in BGRAC of animals during the experiment.
  • Figure 4 shows the changes of riboflavin content in the plasma of the animals during the experiment.
  • the mixed solvent mother liquor was dried under reduced pressure at 35 ° C to obtain a red solid.
  • the solid was washed with diethyl ether, dichloromethane 100mlX5, methanol 50mlX5, dried and crushed, and placed in a phosphorus pentoxide dryer for 48h to obtain 2.60g of red solid. Ester crude.
  • the riboflavin was suspended in isobutyric anhydride, and perchloric acid was added dropwise at room temperature. After the addition, the reaction was stirred for 7 hours. The reaction solution was transparent purple, precipitated with ether, crystals were precipitated, filtered, and then dissolved with 30 ml of n-butanol. After crystallization, n-butanol was washed with water several times, dried, and diethyl ether was added to precipitate the crystals, filtered, dried under vacuum, and filtered to obtain a crude product.
  • the target compound was obtained by the same separation method as in Example 1.
  • Example 5 Preparation of an oil suspension formulation using the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient Formula: 50 mg of the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) (50-150 mg is acceptable)
  • the compound of formula (II) was pulverized to 2-10 ⁇ m with an air stream, mixed with ethyl oleate and camellia oil, filled into a 1 ml ampoule, and sterilized to obtain an oil suspension preparation.
  • Rat tests were used to determine the effects of long-acting riboflavin monoesters on preventing riboflavin deficiency by measuring urine riboflavin excretion, whole blood glutathione reductase activity coefficient, and plasma riboflavin content. Experimental evaluation of the month.
  • AIN-76 was adapted for one week, and was randomly divided into 6 groups according to weight, namely the normal control group, riboflavin deficiency group, riboflavin group, long-acting riboflavin monoester low, medium and high dose groups. Flavin's AIN-76 was served, and tap water was freely consumed, daily food intake was recorded, and body weight was measured every 6 days. At the beginning of the test, orbital blood of normal control animals was taken, anticoagulated, and whole blood glutathione reduction was measured. Enzyme activity coefficient (BGRAC).
  • riboflavin was taken.
  • Orbital blood and urine were collected from the deficient group, riboflavin group, long-acting riboflavin monoester low, medium and high dose groups, and BGRAC, plasma riboflavin content and urine riboflavin excretion were measured respectively; at the end of the test, they were sacrificed
  • the animals were taken out of the liver and kidneys, and their morphological changes were observed with an electron microscope.
  • riboflavin-free AIN-76 feed In order to formulate riboflavin-free AIN-76 feed, in addition to the absence of riboflavin in the vitamin complex used, the casein and starch used were immersed in 1% sodium bisulfite for 24 hours before testing. Tap water was washed and dried, and samples were sent to Beijing Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety for analysis of riboflavin content, which was used to formulate feed when qualified. During the trial, a total of 80 kg of riboflavin-free AIN-76 feed was prepared.
  • the long-acting riboflavin monoester (75mg / ml) and its solvent mixed oil used in the test were injected into the muscles of the right hind leg of the animal at one time.
  • the injection was diluted with the mixed oil according to the dose.
  • the dose used in the middle dose group was according to NAS-NC in the United States.
  • the recommended riboflavin requirement for rats, the long-acting riboflavin monoester required for 90 days is set to 5.01mg, and the low and high dose groups were halved or doubled respectively; the riboflavin group was injected with riboflavin oil mixture, Grinded from riboflavin and mixed oil in an agate mortar, the dose is equivalent to that of the long-acting riboflavin monoester group; the riboflavin-deficient group was injected with an equal volume of mixed oil.
  • BGRAC In the riboflavin-deficient animal test, BGRAC increased significantly at 15 days, and there was a rebound decrease at 60 days, for unknown reasons; in the riboflavin group, the BGRAC test also gradually increased after the start of the experiment, and the amplitude was significantly higher than that of the long-acting riboflavin monoester. Low-, medium- and high-dose groups, in which the amplitude within 30 days of the test was smaller than the riboflavin-deficient group; long-acting riboflavin monoester low-, medium-, and high-dose groups also had an increasing trend during the BGRAC test. Dose group> High dose group ( Figure 3).
  • Example 7 Preventive effect of long-acting riboflavin on oral ulcers after chemotherapy
  • Example 8 Long-acting riboflavin prevents leukemia bone marrow transplantation chemotherapy mucositis
  • Example 10 Long-acting riboflavin for refractory oral ulcers
  • the compounds and preparations provided by the present invention are used in the treatment of leukemia for bone marrow transplantation and anti-tumor chemotherapy, various dermatitis caused by radiotherapy, oral and gastrointestinal mucositis, riboflavin deficiency, refractory oral ulcer, coronary heart disease hypertension and hypertension. Can be widely used in medicine for arthritis and arthritis burns.

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Description

核黄素衍生物及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明涉及核黄素衍生物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
核黄素是黄素酶辅基的组成部分, 参与机体复杂的氧化过程, 具有重要 的药理学作用。 近些年来药理学研究表明, 除治疗传统的核黃素缺乏病外, 核黃素还具有治疗冠心病、 高血压并发症、 烧伤等方面的药理作用。 但核黄 素是水溶性维生素, 易从汗液及尿中排除体外, 半衰期短, 生物利用度低。 因此, 当核黄素摄入不足或需要量增加时极易引起唇炎、 口角炎、 舌炎、 阴 囊皮炎等统称为口腔生殖器综合症, 以及影响视力的结膜炎和球膜炎等各种 核黄素缺乏症。 长期以来, 为防治各种原因引起的核黃素缺乏病, 对核黄素 衍生物进行了大量的研究, 希望能找到一种合适的核黃素衍生物作为药物前 体, 在体內缓慢释放出核黄素原形, 达到一次用药较长时间在体内贮留, 发 挥药效的目的。 日本学者 Kimi0、宫本等用核黃素与脂肪酸酰氯或酸酐在吡啶 中作用合成了核黃素四棕榈酸, 四癸酸酯, 四丁酸酯及四乙酸酯、 色氨酸四 酯, 但这些酯在唾液及小肠液均不能水解, 对四棕榈酸酯的进一步研究表明 它沒有核黃素的生物活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种核黄素衍生物及其合成方法, 该衍生物引入了 长效基团, 可以增加核黃素在体內贮留, 使其能增加吸收、 延缓排泄, 提高 生物利用度, 达到长效的目的。
本发明所提供的核黄素衍生物, 是除核黄素四硬脂酸酯、 四棕榈酸酯、 三月桂酸酯、 四癸酸酯、 四丁酸酸酯、 四乙酸酸酯、 色氨酸四酯、 核黄素磷 酸酯外的所有核黄素或硫代核黄素侧链核糖醇羟基上的酯类衍生物。
所述核黄素衍生物为式 (I)所示的单酯、 双酯、 三酯或四酯化合物, 其中 、 R2、 R3、 R4是不同、 相同或独立存在的。
上述核黄素衍生物均可用常规方法制备。
Figure imgf000004_0001
式 (I)
本发明的化合物中, 优选的是结构式(Π)所示的核黄素 -5'-月桂酸单酯 (
Figure imgf000004_0002
式 (II)
制备该核黄素 -5'-月桂酸单酯的方法, 是向悬浮于极性有机溶剂中的核黄 素或硫代核黄素中, 滴加月桂酰氯。
所述悬浮核黄素或硫代核黄素的极性有机溶剂优选的为吡啶或二甲基甲 酰胺。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种以本发明化合物为活性成分的核黄素长 效制剂及其制备方法。
一种核黄素长效油混悬制剂, 基本上由式 ( Π )化合物及油酸乙酯组成。 为了增加油混悬制剂的流动性, 所述油混悬制剂中还加有山茶油, 其各 组分的重量 (体积) 比为:
式(II )化合物 50- 150毫克
油酸乙酯 0. 1— 1毫升
山茶油 0_ 1毫升
该油混悬制剂各组分的重 (体积) 的优选比为:
式(II )化合物 150毫克
山茶油
油酸乙酯
本发明核黄素长效油混悬制剂在原料经过粉碎后, 采用常规的调和方法 制备。
通过动物试验证明, 本发明核黄素衍生物具有明显防治核黄素缺乏症的 效果, 克服了现有核黄素易从体液排出, 半衰期短, 生物利用度低的缺陷。
通过核黃素的构效关系及作用机制的研究, 发现本发明化合物中长效核 黄素 -5' -月桂酸酯是产量最高,效果最好的一个化合物,经四大光谱分析(包 括二维超导核磁分析) 证明, 是一种结构清楚, 全新的核黃素衍生物。 用该 核黄素- 5' -月桂酸酯制成的长效核黄素袖混悬注射液制剂, 一次肌肉注射 150mg/ml, 药效长达三个月, 为防治常见的核黃素缺乏病提供了一种重要的 药物疗法。
附图说明
图 1为试验期间动物摄食量的变化
图 2 为试验期间动物体重的变化
图 3 为试验期间动物 BGRAC变化
图 4 为试验期间动物血浆核黄素含量变化
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例来进一步介绍本发明内容,但本发明不仅仅限于实施 例的内容。
实施例 1: 核黄素 -5' -月桂酸单酯的制备
取吡啶 1200ml, 蒸馏水 1200ml和三乙胺 120ml混合, 外用冰浴使内温 保持 5- 10°C, 加入核黄素 25. 0g, 电磁搅拌至原料基本溶解。 滴加月桂酰氯 和二氧六环 270ml组成的混合溶液, 保持内温 10°C, 于 25min滴完, 搅拌 20min。 外用冰盐浴使内温降至 5°C, 滴加预先配制的浓硫酸 400ml和蒸馏水 600ml组成的溶液, 控制内温 10-15°C, 于 45min滴完。 再将内溶物至冰水中 2.5h, 溶液 PH约为 6。 过滤, 用水 100mlX2洗涤, 压干。 用乙醚 200mlX4 洗涤, 弃去洗涤液, 将固体凉干, 过滤凉干得反应产物粗品 22.5g, 用浓盐酸 溶解, 过滤, 加入 50%乙醇, 放置过夜。 过滤得核黄素原料, 凉干重 20.5g, 回收率 82%。 将混合溶剂母液于 35°C减压抽干, 得红色固体。 将固体依此用 乙醚、 二氯甲烷 100mlX5, 甲醇 50mlX5洗涤, 凉干压碎, 置五氧化二磷干 燥器 48h, 得 2.60g红色固体, 产率 38.9% (按回收原料计算), 为核黄素单酯 粗品。
取 100-200目粗孔硅胶 550g,干法装柱, 将核黄素单酯粗品 10.45g, 用 CH2Cl2:C¾OH(95:5)500ml浸泡, 取上清液上柱, 再以同一混合溶剂 500ml浸 泡与过柱, 如此重复至全溶, 再继续用该溶剂流动相洗脱。 收集流出液, 共 20份, 每份 500ml。 按流出顺序编号 (1)_(20)号。 TLC分析表明, (1)- (2)中 含单酯及少量多酯; (3)-(16)基本为单酯; (17)- (20)单酯量极少, 无其它成 份。 将(3)- (20)合并, 于外温 25-30°C水压回收溶剂, 得红色固体 4.08g, 依 次以 Et20 400ml Et20:CH2C12 (4:1)各 400ml, 浸泡 8h, 再过滤, 置 P205干燥 器中干燥过夜, 得 3.00g红色固体。 按类似方法处理, 从 (1)- (2)中分离单酯 纯品 0.24g,共得 3.24g, 分离产率 31.0%。
所得单酯纯品用 HPLC、 C18柱, 97%甲醇: 3%水为流动相, 为单一色谱峰。 化合物的 mp 249-250 °C,元素分析, 计算值 (%): C62.34, H7.58, N10.03; 实测 值 C62.08,Η7·74,Ν9.68。 比旋度 [a ] 25=-8.4(C0.5, CH2C12:CH30H 1:1)。
UV (max, CH30H) 225.8皿, 269.2醒, 361.4nm, 444.2nm. IR (cm—1), 3420 (br, 2 OH),
3178 (OH), 1728 (br, 2 00), 1661 (00)。 MS (m/Z)分子离子峰与目标化合 物分子量相同。 Ή-NMR (C5D5N), δ (ppm), 8.19 (s, 1 H, Ar), 7.89 (s, 1
H, Ar), 5.55 (m, 1 H, H0CH), 5.35 (m, 2H, 0CH2), 5.10 (m, 1 H, HOCH), 4.90 (m, 2 H, NCH2), 4.60 (br, 1 H, HOCH),
2.31(t,2 H,C0C¾),1.4(s,3 H,ArCH3),2.15 (s, 3 H, ArCH3), 1.59(m,2 H, CH3CH2), 0.83 (t, 3 H, CH3CH2)。 13C- NMR (C5D5N), δ
(ppm), 173.9 (C=0), 160.91 (C), 159.9 (C), 146.6 (C) , 137.6(C), 136.2(C), 135.0(C), 133.0(C), 131.7 (CH), 118. l(CH), 71.5(CH), 71.3(CH),
70.9(CH) ;67.6(CH2), 49.0 (CH2) , 48.99 (C¾) , 32.1 (CH2) , 29.8 (CH2) , 29.7 (CH2) ,
29.5 (CH2), 29.4(CH2), 25.3 (C¾) , 22.9 (CH2), 20.8 (CH2) , 19.8 (CH3),
Figure imgf000007_0001
实施例 2: 核黄素 -异丁酸酯的制备
将核黄素悬浮于-异丁酸酐中, 室温滴加过氯酸, 加毕继续搅拌反应 7小 时 , 反应液呈透明紫红色, 加乙醚沉淀, 析出结晶, 过滤, 然后用 30ml正 丁醇溶解结晶, 再用水多次洗涤正丁醇, 干燥, 加入乙醚析出结晶, 过滤, 真空干燥, 过滤得粗品, 釆用与实施例 1相同的分离方法得到目的化合物。
所得化合物的 mpl65-169°C元素分析, 计算值 (%)N8.41; 实测值 N8.32。 实施例 3: 核黄素 -2, 6-二甲氧基苯甲酸酯的制备
取核黄素 5g, 2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰氯1 , 投入三角瓶中, 加热搅拌在 80- 90°C反应 1小时, 冷却下加入 10ml甲醇, 倒入 2L水中析出黄色结晶, 过 滤, 水洗, 干燥, 约定 11.4g粗品。粗品溶于 80ml吡啶中过滤, 滤液倒入 2L 水中析出结晶, 过滤干燥, 得 7.8 g粗品, 采用与实施例 1相同的分离方法 得到目的化合物。
所得化合物的 mp 162- 166°C元素分析, 计算值 (%): C61.6, H5.09, N5.42; 实测值 C61.41, H5.24, N6.29。
实施例 4: 核黄素 -金刚烷酸酯的制备
在制备有金刚烷酸酰氯的反应瓶中, 加入核黄素 lg , 吡啶 20ml, 搅拌 下慢慢加热至回流, 核黄素逐渐全溶, 再继续回流 2小时, 冷却过夜, 过滤, 以除去未反应的部分核黄素, 将滤液减压蒸馏除去吡啶, 残渣用甲醇溶解, 加活性碳回流脱色过滤, 滤液倒入水中即析出结晶, 冷却过滤, 得粗品, 将 粗品用少量甲醇溶解, 冷冻结晶析出, 过滤, 干燥, 采用与实施例 1相同的 分离方法得到目的化合物。 所得化合物的 mp 118-120°C元素分析, 计算值 (%): C71.4, H7.42, N5.46; 实测值 C65.52, H7.20, N5.45。
实施例 5: 以本发明化合物为活性成分的油混悬制剂的制备 配方: 式(Π)化合物 50毫克 (50—150毫克均可)
油酸乙酯 0. 5毫升 (0. 1-1毫升均可)
山茶油 0. 5毫升 (0— 1毫升均可)
将式(II )化合物用气流粉碎至 2_ 10 μ, 与油酸乙酯及山茶油混合, 灌 装 1毫升安瓶, 灭菌得到油混悬制剂。
实施例 6: 长效核黄素的长效作用动物试验
采用大鼠试验, 通过测定尿核黄素排出量、 全血谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系 数、 血浆核黄素含量等指标, 对长效核黄素单酯预防核黄素缺乏效果进行了 为期三个月的实验评价。
一、 材料与方法
1、 动物饲养与分组 Wistar雄性大鼠 60头, 体重 64. 5±4. 6克, 单笼喂 养于代谢笼。 AIN— 76伺料适应一周, 按体重随机分成 6组, 即正常对照组、 核黄素缺乏组、 核黄素组、 长效核黄素单酯低、 中、 高剂量组, 试验期间喂 养不含核黄素的 AIN— 76伺料, 自由饮用自来水, 每天记录摄食量, 每隔 6 天称取体重一次; 试验开始时, 采取正常对照组动物眼眶血, 抗凝, 测定全 血谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数 (BGRAC), 离心取血浆, 测定血浆核黄素含量, 并收集 3日尿, 测定尿核黄素排出量; 试验第 12天、 30天、 60天、 90天, 采取核黄素缺乏组、 核黄素组、 长效核黄素单酯低、 中、 高剂量组动物眼眶 血并收集尿液, 分别测定 BGRAC、血浆核黄素含量和尿核黄素排出量; 试验 结束时, 处死动物, 取出肝脏、 肾脏, 釆用电镜观察形态变化。
为了配制不含核黄素的 AIN— 76饲料, 除了所用的维生素复合物中不加 核黄素外, 所用的酪蛋白、 淀粉试验前釆用 1 %亚硫酸氢钠进行 24小时浸泡 处理, 用自来水清洗后干燥, 并送样至北京营养与食品安全所分析核黄素含 量, 合格后用于配制饲料。 试验期间共配制不含核黄素的 AIN— 76饲料饲料 80公斤。
2、 长效核黄素单酯及其注射剂量
试验所用长效核黄素单酯(75mg/ml)及其溶剂混合油, 一次性注射于动 物右后腿肌肉内, 注射时按剂量需要用混合油稀释, 中剂量组所用剂量按美 国 NAS-N C推荐的大鼠核黄素需要量, 90天所需长效核黄素单酯定为 5.01mg, 低、 高剂量组分别减半或加倍; 核黄素组动物注射核黄素油混液, 由核黄素加混合油于玛瑙研钵中研磨而成, 剂量与长效核黄素单酯中剂量组 相当; 核黄素缺乏组动物注射等体积混合油。
二、 实验结果
1、 一般情况及摄食量与体重
核黄素缺乏组有 2头动物于试验 60天时因采血麻醉死亡,长效核黄素单 酯中剂量组有 1头动物于试验第二周因腹泻死亡; 核黄素缺乏组动物试验一 开始摄食量就显著低于其他组, 以后一直维持在 10克 /头 /天左右水平, 大 多数动物出现脱毛现象, 一些动物尚有腹泻症状; 核黄素组动物摄食量于试 验 25天以后才开始明显下降,但仍一直高于核黄素缺乏组; 长效核黄素单酯 低、 中、 高剂量组动物摄食量高于核黄素缺乏组和核黄素组, 但是, 试验 30 天以后, 长效核黄素单酯低剂量组动物摄食量呈下降趋势; 试验期间长效核 黄素单酯中、 高剂量组动物摄食量相近, 试验结束时长效核黄素单酯中剂量 组动物摄食量开始低于长效核黄素单酯高剂量组(图 1 )。体重变化情况与摄 食量变化一致, 试验结束时长效核黄素单酯中剂量组动物体重增长开始低于 长效核黄素单酯高剂量组 (图 2) 。
2、 尿核黄素排出量
由表 1可知试验 15天时核黄素缺乏组动物尿核黄素排出量显著下降, 以 后波动在很低的水平上; 核黄素组、 长效核黄素单酯低、 中剂量组动物尿核 黄素排出量变化类似,但是, 试验 15天后尿核黄素排出量水平高于核黄素缺 乏组; 长效核黄素单酯高剂量组动物 15天时尿核黄素排出量显著升高, 30 天后又迅速下降, 但是尿核黄素排出量水平仍高于其他组。 表 1 试验期间各组动物尿核黄素排出量变化(μ§ /头 /天)
组别 η 时间 (天)
0 * 15 30 60 90 核黄素缺乏组 10 76.6±9.8 2.5±0.8 3.7±1.0 2.5±0.5 1.4±0.5 核黄素组 10 76.6±9.8 4.0±1.4 7.8±1.6 4.5±0.9 4.2±0.9 长效核黄素单酯低剂量组 10 76.6±9.8 5.6±1.3 4.1±0.8 5.4±1.3 5.1±0.9 长效核黄素单酯中剂量组 10 76.6±9.8 34.8±12.2 5.0±1.2 7.8±1.3 4.6±1.1 长效核黄素单酯高剂量组 10 76.6±9.8 217.9±60.2 9.8±3.5 9.9±2.0 5.9±1.2
*为正常对照组起点的测定值。
3. BGRAC 核黄素缺乏组动物试验 15天时 BGRAC显著升高, 60天时有反弹性下降, 原因不明; 核黄素组动物 BGRAC试验幵始以后也呈逐渐升高趋势, 幅度明显 高于长效核黄素单酯低、 中、 高剂量组, 其中, 试验 30天内幅度小于核黄素 缺乏组; 长效核黄素单酯低、 中、 高剂量组动物 BGRAC试验期间也有升高趋 势, 升高幅度低剂量组〉中剂量组〉高剂量组 (图 3 ) 。
4. 血浆核黄素含量
由图 4可知: 试验期间除了长效核黄素单酯高剂量组动物血浆核黄素含 量呈先升高后降低的变化外, 其余各组均呈下降趋势, 下降幅度 (尤其是试 验 30天内) 核黄素缺乏组〉核黄素组〉长效核黄素单酯低剂量组〉中剂量组。 尽管我们所采用的高效液相方法可以同时检测 FAD、 FMN和核黄素, 但是, 除 了正常对照组及长效核黄素单酯高剂量组少数动物血浆有 FAD峰检测外, 大 多数动物血浆样品均没有检测到 FAD或 FMN峰, 说明大鼠血浆中 FAD或 FMN 含量很低。
一、 小结
1. 大鼠喂养核黄素缺乏饲料以后,体内核黄素水平迅速下降,表现为血 浆核黄素
含量、 尿核黄素排出量下降和 BGRAC升高, 同时, 动物摄食量下降、 生 长停滞。
2. 注射核黄素油悬液也有一定预防核黄素缺乏的作用,但是,长效效果 没有注射同等剂量的长效核黄素单酯中剂量组好。
3. 从动物生长的角度而言:长效核黄素单酯中、高剂量组动物试验期间 体重增长较好, 但是, 试验开始后不久血浆核黄素含量、 尿核黄素排出量及 BGRAC均下降,说明正常动物饲料中核黄素含量较为充裕,高于动物体内的需 要量, 多余部分通过尿液排出, 中、 高剂量的长效核黄素单酯注射进入体内 后, 通过缓慢释放来达到动物对核黄素的需要, 尤其是进入试验中晚期以后 几乎没有多余的核黄素通过尿液排出。
实施例 7 : 长效核黄素对化疗后口腔溃疡的预防作用
采用儿童白血病住院病例 48例, 其中男性 32例, 女 16例, 年龄 3-11 岁。 急性淋巴白血病 35例, 急性非淋巴白血病 13例, 其中 M2 6例, M3 3例, M4 2例, M5 2例。 采用正规的化疗方法, 如 CODP HDMTX, DA, 其它方案未统 计。 HDMTX采用四氢叶酸解救, 所有病例均采用水化, 碱化尿液, 均用朵尔氏 液, 5%碳酸氢钠, 3%双氧水交替漱口,部分病例治疗前使用长效核黄素 150mg, 肌注 1次。
表 2 长效核黄素化疗后口腔溃疡的预防作用
化疗 溃疡 发生 组别
人次 次数 率(%) 未使用长效核黄素 124 32 25. 8
ALL 化疗前用长效核黄素 18 0 0
3月内用过长效核黄素 42 3 7. 1 未使用长效核黄素 28 8 28. 6
ANLL 化疗前用长效核黄素 8 0 0
3月内用过长效核黄素 8 1 12. 5 表中结果说明, 化疗前使用长效核黄素, 可有效地预防口腔溃疡的发生, 三个月内使用长效核黄素, 能降低化疗后口腔溃疡的发生率。
实施例 8: 长效核黄素预防白血病骨髓移植化疗粘膜炎
对 28例血病骨髓移植病人, 肌注长效核黄素 150mg以预防粘膜炎。 其中 仅 4例(14. 3%)发生口腔溃疡,而未用长效核黄素的 6例病人中有 4例(66. 7%) 发生严重的口腔溃疡, 其中 1例发展为全牙周组织坏死。
实施例 10: 长效核黄素治疗顽固性口腔溃疡
张某, 男性, 35岁。 1984年起, 发现口腔出现大小不等的溃疡数处, 经 当地医院诊断为 "复发性口疮" 。 口服核黄素及局部贴敷溃疡药膜, 但此病 迂堰不愈, 溃疡次愈彼起。 其间歇期为 4个月左右, 劳累后为剧。 1995年后 服用一定疗程的中成药, 间歇期有所延长, 但劳累后仍有复发。 溃疡数目一 般为 3- 4个, 部位不定。 自 1999年注射长效核黄素油混悬制剂后, 虽有时工 作劳累, 睡眠不足, 但至今未复发。
工业应用
本发明所提供的化合物和制剂在治疗白血病进行骨髓移植和抗肿瘤化 疗、 放疗所引起的各种皮炎、 口腔及消化道粘膜炎、 核黄素缺乏症、 顽固性 口腔溃疡、 冠心病高血压并发症、 关节炎烧伤的药物中可以得到广泛应用。

Claims

1、 核黄素衍生物, 是除核黄素四硬脂酸酯、 四棕榈酸酯、 三月桂酸酯、 四癸酸酯、 四丁酸酸酯、 四乙酸酸酯、 色氨酸四酯、 核黄素磷酸酯外的所有 核黄素或硫代核黄素侧链核糖醇羟基上的酯类衍生物。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的化合物, 其特征在于: 所述核黄素衍生物为式 (工)所示的单酯、 双酯、 三酯或四酯化合物, 其中 、 R2、 R3、 是不同、 相 同或独立存在的。
Figure imgf000012_0001
式 (I)
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的化合物, 其特征在于: 所述式 O化合物中的 为月桂酸酰基, 、 、 为 H, 形成的结构式为 (II) 的核黄素 -5'-月桂
Figure imgf000012_0002
式 (Π)
4、一种合成权利要求 3所述化合物的方法, 是向悬浮于极性有机溶剂中 的核黄素或硫代核黄素中, 滴加月桂酰氯。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述悬浮核黄素或硫代核 黄素的极性有机溶剂为吡啶或二甲基甲酰胺。
6、一种以权利要求 3所述化合物为活性成分的油混悬制剂, 基本上由式
( II)化合物及油酸乙酯组成。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的油混悬制剂, 其特征在于: 所述油混悬制剂中 还加有山茶油, 其各组分的重量 (体积) 比为:
式(Π )化合物 50— 150毫克
油酸乙酯 0. 1— 1毫升
山茶油 0— 1毫升
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的油混悬制剂, 其特征在于: 所述各组分的重量 (体积) 份数比为:
式(II )化合物 150毫克
山茶油 0. 5毫升
油酸乙酯 0. 5毫升
9、权利要求 1-3任意一项所述化合物在制备治疗核黄素缺乏症的药物中 的应用。
10、 权利要求 1-3任意一项所述化合物在制备治疗白血病行骨髓移植、 肿瘤化疗及放疗所引起的消化道粘膜炎的药物中的应用。
11、 权利要求 1-3任意一项所述化合物在制备治疗顽固性口腔溃疡药物 中的应用。
12、 权利要求 1-3任意一项所述化合物在制备辅助治疗冠心病、 高血压 并发症、 关节炎、 烧伤的药物中的应用。
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US20060293335A1 (en) 2006-12-28
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CN1659169A (zh) 2005-08-24
AU2003257778A1 (en) 2004-02-23

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