WO2004114384A1 - シリコンエピタキシャルウェーハの製造方法及びシリコンエピタキシャルウェーハ - Google Patents
シリコンエピタキシャルウェーハの製造方法及びシリコンエピタキシャルウェーハ Download PDFInfo
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- H10D62/102—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration
- H10D62/103—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for increasing or controlling the breakdown voltage of reverse-biased devices
- H10D62/105—Constructional design considerations for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for increasing or controlling the breakdown voltage of reverse-biased devices by having particular doping profiles, shapes or arrangements of PN junctions; by having supplementary regions, e.g. junction termination extension [JTE]
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- H10P14/29—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by the substrates
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a silicon epitaxial wafer and an epitaxial wafer manufactured by the method.
- a silicon single crystal thin film (hereinafter, simply referred to as an epitaxy wafer) in which a silicon single crystal thin film is epitaxially grown on a silicon single crystal substrate by vapor phase epitaxy.
- a technique is known in which an ion-implanted layer of an impurity element is formed in a silicon epitaxial layer or simply an epitaxy layer) by an ion implantation method, and an IJ epitaxial layer is formed to form a buried layer.
- the epitaxial region has an impurity-doped region that is long in the depth direction (hereinafter, referred to as a vertical-doped region in this specification) when devices such as a power MOSFET and a vertical bipolar transistor are manufactured.
- the current path is mainly in the plane of the impurity-doped region, but by forming the vertical-doped region, current can be conducted in the layer thickness direction of the region, and the ON resistance of the element can be reduced. There is an advantage that can be reduced.
- a deep vertical addition region may be formed by repeating an epitaxy layer growth step and an ion implantation step.
- the number of steps is increased and cost is increased.
- drawbacks that are easy to connect JP-A-2001-196573 and JP-A-2002-141407 disclose that a trench (groove) is formed on a main surface of a silicon single crystal substrate by etching, and a filling epitaxy is formed to fill the trench.
- a technique has been disclosed in which a layer is grown to be a vertical addition region.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-196573 does not mention in detail the root cause of the excessive growth of the filled epitaxial layer in the trench opening. Also, "if the opening is about to be blocked, the layer growth should be stopped and etched.” The idea is merely a symptomatic treatment and is not an essential solution. Naturally, the step of repeating the epitaxy and the etching many times is complicated and troublesome, which leads to an increase in cost.
- An object of the present invention is to suppress the narrowing force S of a trench opening due to the overgrowth of a filling epitaxial layer, and furthermore, even if the aspect ratio of the trench is large, the gap between the filling epitaxial layer and the inside of the trench.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2001-139399 A
- Patent Document 2 JP 2001-196573 A
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2002-141407
- Non-patent document l D. Kishimoto et.al, The Journal of Crystal Growth, 240 (2002) 52
- Non-patent document 2 Ichiro Mizushima et al., Applied Physics, 69 (2000) 1187
- Non-Patent Document 3 H. Kuribayashi et.al., AVS 49th International Symposium, SS-TuP12, Nov.3-8, (2002)
- the present invention has a structure in which a trench is formed in the main surface of a silicon single crystal substrate, and the inside of the trench is filled with a filling epitaxial layer made of silicon single crystal.
- a trench is formed in the main surface of a silicon single crystal substrate, and the inside of the trench is filled with a filling epitaxial layer made of silicon single crystal.
- the angle section for overlapping the normal vector ⁇ of the main surface of the substrate with the normal vector of the inner surface in the longitudinal direction of the trench (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “the inner surface of the trench”) with the minimum rotation angle is the transition normal angle.
- the region forming the opening edge in the longitudinal direction of the trench is considered as a transition surface region in which the normal vector continuously changes in the transition surface normal angle region, the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane
- the Miller index (hk 1) of the main surface of the substrate and the Miller index (hk 1) of the inner surface in the longitudinal direction of the trench are determined so that the line vector exists outside the transition surface normal angle range,
- a silicon single crystal substrate having a substrate main surface with a Miller index (h k 1) is prepared, a trench having a longitudinal inner surface with a Miller index (h k 1) is formed on the substrate main surface, and the trench is formed.
- the method is characterized in that a filling epitaxial layer is grown in the inside of the chip.
- a trench is formed on the main surface of the silicon single crystal substrate, and the interior of the trench is filled with a filling epitaxial layer made of silicon single crystal.
- the angle section for overlapping the normal vector on the inner surface in the longitudinal direction at the minimum rotation angle is defined as the transition surface normal angle range, and the area forming the opening edge in the longitudinal direction of the trench is defined as the transition surface.
- the substrate main surface of the substrate is set so that the normal vector of the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane exists outside the transition plane normal angle range. It is characterized in that a Miller index (hk 1) and a Miller index (hk 1) of the inner surface in the longitudinal direction of the trench are determined.
- the crystal plane index is represented by (hkl) (the symbol ⁇ hkl ⁇ is used to represent a plurality of crystallographically symmetric planes) using the Miller index,
- the index is displayed as [hkl] (use ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1> to represent multiple crystallographically symmetric orientations).
- the Miller index notation it is common to add a negative sign indicating a negative index above the index, but in this specification, for convenience, a display with a negative sign before the index is used. Used.
- the normal vector of the crystal plane appearing on the surface of the silicon single crystal substrate has a direction from the side where the crystal substance exists to the side where it does not exist, including the substrate main surface MP and the trench inner side surface WP. Is defined as Then, as shown in FIG. 20, the longitudinal direction of the trench In the transition surface normal angle region ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ for superimposing the normal vector ⁇ of the substrate main surface MP on the normal vector i3 of the trench inner surface WP, the normal vector ⁇ is the normal vector A curved surface GA that changes continuously (and monotonously) from the ⁇ side to the normal vector ⁇ side can be idealized and considered (a curved surface having a normal vector y with different directions Can be approximated as a set of planes).
- the surface index does not change continuously from a crystallographic point of view, but technically, the index becomes continuous as shown in FIG. Even if it is geometrically idealized as a curved surface (for example, a radius surface) that changes to a different shape, there is no problem in terms of grasping the general behavior of the epitaxial layer growth at the opening edge.
- the present inventors have found that one of the fundamental factors that the trench opening force is likely to be clogged by the excessive growth of the filled epitaxy layer is the growth speed of the filled epitaxy layer and the growth plane orientation in the silicon single crystal. It is also found that they are greatly affected by the relative orientation of the inner surface of the trench and the plane orientation of the silicon single crystal substrate.
- the opening edge portion of the trench is considered as a transition plane region for changing from the plane orientation of the main surface of the substrate to the plane orientation of the inner surface of the trench, and the transition plane area is a specific index plane, more specifically, It is found that when the ⁇ 11 1 ⁇ plane is included, the overgrown portion of the filled epitaxial layer that narrows the trench opening edge is likely to be formed on both the main surface of the substrate and the inner surface of the trench with respect to the opening edge. Was.
- the growth rate on the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane is the minimum value, and the minimum value is defined as the angular distance from the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane. Growth rates vary greatly.
- the ⁇ 110 ⁇ plane has the highest growth rate. If we talk about the main plane indices, the growth rate on the ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane is nearly 30% smaller than on the ⁇ 110 ⁇ plane.
- the value is more than 50% higher than the value on the ⁇ 110 ⁇ plane. Indicates a small minimum. For example, if the (111) plane (normal line is represented by [111]) is included in the transition surface region 15 which forms the opening edge of the trench as shown in FIG.
- the growth rate of the epitaxial layer 14 is minimized at the edge position where the normal is given, and the growth rate increases rapidly as the distance from the edge to the main surface MP side of the substrate 2 and the inner side surface WP of the trench 2 increases.
- the formation of the excessively grown portion 3f becomes remarkable.
- the normal vector of the substrate main surface MP is removed, and the Assuming that the normal vector of the inner surface WP is; 3, the growth rate is minimized in the angle section (transition surface normal angle range) for superimposing the normal vector ⁇ on the normal vector at the minimum rotation angle (transition surface normal angle range). And the minimum) (111) normal to the (111) plane.
- the present invention when considering the region forming the opening edge in the longitudinal direction of the trench as a transition surface region in which the normal vector continuously changes in the transition surface normal angle region, ⁇ 111 ⁇
- the Miller index (hk 1) of the main surface of the substrate and the Miller index (hk 1) of the inner surface of the trench are defined so that the normal vector of the plane is outside the normal angle range of the transition plane.
- the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane where the growth rate is minimum has been excluded from the transition plane region.
- the aspect ratio of the trench is large, voids and the like remain in the filled epitaxial layer in the trench, and the production yield can be improved.
- the obtained silicon epitaxial wafer has high quality with few voids and the like remaining in the filled epitaxial layer (corresponding to the vertical addition region).
- the following may be considered. That is, when the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane is included in the opening edge of the trench, even if the Si-containing adsorbed species (for example, Si-containing radicals derived from the raw material gas molecules) is adsorbed on the opening edge, the adsorbed species is not affected. Since the growth rate on the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane is much lower than the growth rate of the main surface of the substrate or other planes forming the inner surface of the trench, for example, the ⁇ 100 ⁇ or ⁇ 110 ⁇ plane, the arrow M in FIG. As indicated by, the Si-containing adsorbed species that could not contribute to Si deposition easily migrates in the form of overflowing to the main surface of the substrate or the inner surface of the trench.
- the Si-containing adsorbed species for example, Si-containing radicals derived from the raw material gas molecules
- the concentration of the Si-containing adsorbed species locally increases toward the main surface of the substrate or the inside of the trench due to the migration, and the plane orientation becomes ⁇ 111 ⁇ .
- the growth rate increases as the distance increases, so that the adsorption of Si-containing adsorbed species, and hence the deposition of Si, proceeds more easily, and excessive growth becomes more pronounced.
- the opening edge region includes a ⁇ 111 ⁇ edge having a low growth rate, the difference in growth speed between the two sides of the opening edge region causes the material to be supplied preferentially to both sides of the ⁇ 111 ⁇ edge.
- the migration described above has similarity to the facet formation behavior on the ⁇ 111 ⁇ and ⁇ 100 ⁇ planes, for example, in D. Kishimoto et.al, The Journal of Crystal Growth, 240 (2002) 52. It has been confirmed on a certain GaAs single crystal, and has been reported in Ichiro Mizushima et al., Applied Physics, 69 (2000) 1187 and H. Kuribayashi et.
- the transition plane region will have Therefore, even if the silicon substrate is shifted from the edge position composed of the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane to either the inner surface of the trench or the main surface of the substrate, the growth rate of silicon changes in an increasing direction. Is more likely to occur. Therefore, this problem is suppressed by eliminating the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane from the transition plane region.
- the mirror index of the main surface of the substrate is set such that the silicon growth rate distribution in the transition plane region shows a local maximum value at an intermediate angular position between the main surface of the substrate and the inner surface in the longitudinal direction of the trench. (hk 1) and the Miller index (hk 1) of the inner surface in the longitudinal direction of the trench.
- the setting of 1 1 1 2 2 2 is a more preferable embodiment.
- the growth rate of silicon decreases in the direction of decrease regardless of whether the edge position is shifted to the inner side surface of the trench or the main surface of the substrate. Change.
- the surface having a low growth rate is excluded from the opening edge, migration of the Si material to the inner surface of the trench and the main surface of the substrate is less likely to occur. As a result, the formation of the overgrowth portion is largely suppressed, and the narrowing of the trench opening can be more effectively prevented.
- the epitaxy layer may grow in a region outside the trench on the main surface of the substrate. If this epitaxy layer is unnecessary, it is removed by polishing. can do. This polishing allows the trench to be formed during the growth of the epitaxial layer. The portion that formed the opening edge may be removed by polishing.
- a silicon single crystal substrate for a silicon epitaxial wafer As a silicon single crystal substrate for a silicon epitaxial wafer, a (100) substrate is most frequently used because of the easiness of pulling a single crystal, which is advantageous in cost.
- a (110) substrate is daringly adopted in order to form a trench by anisotropic wet etching. It is necessary to grow a silicon single crystal with [110] as the main axis by the method or the floating zone melting method.
- the [110] single crystal has a problem that it is almost impossible to produce a single crystal doped with a high concentration particularly at a high yield immediately after polycrystallization due to the occurrence of dislocation or the like progresses particularly quickly.
- the torch is formed such that the depth direction matches the substrate thickness direction, and the longitudinal inner surface (inside the trench) Side) Force
- the Miller index (hk 1) of the inner surface in the longitudinal direction is determined so that it intersects any one of the forces of the four ⁇ 110 ⁇ planes forming a zone with respect to the [100] axis at an angle of 5 ° or more and 45 ° or less. It is
- crystal planes having different plane indices are all in a parallel relationship to one common crystal axis, the crystal planes are said to “form a crystal zone” with respect to the crystal axis.
- the crystal axis is called a “zone axis”.
- the four ⁇ 110 ⁇ planes that make up the zone with respect to the [100] axis are (011), (0-11), (0-1-1) and (01-1) (see FIG. 11).
- the main surface of the substrate is (100) (however, even if an off-angle of up to about 4 ° is applied, the main surface of the substrate is also broadly defined as (100)
- the normal angle range ⁇ includes the normal vector [111] of the (111) plane. Therefore, as shown on the left side of FIG. 13, the (111) plane appears at the opening edge of the trench where the (100) plane and the (011) plane intersect.
- the opening edge portion is a transition surface region that continuously changes in the transition surface normal angle region ⁇ .
- FIG. 15 shows a transition surface normal angle range from (100) to (011) via (111) via (111).
- ⁇ shows how the growth rate of the epitaxial layer changes.
- the growth rate is expressed as a relative value with the value on the (111) plane being 6.
- the inner surface of the trench (011) which is the starting position of the angle region ⁇ , has the highest growth rate among all surfaces (relative value: 13), while the (111) surface that appears in the middle of the angle region ⁇ ⁇
- the growth rate is the lowest in the surface (relative value: 6).
- the growth rate difference ⁇ ⁇ 1 between the (111) plane forming the opening edge and the main substrate surface (100) is 4 as a relative value
- the growth rate difference ⁇ E2 between the inner side surface of the trench (011) is 7. .
- the sum ⁇ E1 + ⁇ E2 of the difference in the growth rates tends to have a larger growth rate near the opening edge portion as the value is larger, and in the above case, ⁇ 1 + ⁇ E2 is as large as 11 as a relative value. .
- the growth rate difference ⁇ 2 on the inner side surface (01 1) of the trench, which has a large influence on the opening narrowing, is 7, which is particularly large. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, this is a major factor that promotes the formation of the overgrown portion 3f in the S trench opening.
- the inner surface of the trench intersects the ⁇ 110 ⁇ plane at a certain angle, in the coordinate display on the right in Fig. 13, it rotates in the direction deviating from the transition surface normal angle range ⁇ haku 111> direction.
- the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane having the lowest growth rate does not appear in the transition plane region of the trench opening, the formation of the overgrown portion can be suppressed.
- the intersection angle between the inner surface of the trench and the ⁇ 110 ⁇ plane should be considered at 45 ° or less. .
- the intersection angle between the inner surface of the trench and ⁇ 110 ⁇ is extremely small, the index is close to ⁇ 111 ⁇ , and the high index plane is included in the transition plane region, and the effect is not remarkable. Therefore, it is desirable to set it to 5 ° or more.
- the sum of the growth rate differences ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 based on the minimum value of the growth rate in the transition surface normal angle range ⁇ is It is desirable that the above relative value is 8 or less, and in particular, the growth rate difference ⁇ 2 on the inner side surface of the trench is 5 or less.
- the above-mentioned intersection angle is set so that the growth rate distribution shows a local maximum value at an intermediate angle between the substrate main surface side and the longitudinal inner side surface of the trench as described above. It is preferable to determine the surface index of the inner surface in the longitudinal direction of the trench. To give an example, it should match one of the four ⁇ 100 ⁇ planes that form a zone with respect to the [100] axis. As shown in FIG. 12, when the main surface of the substrate is (100) and the inner surface of the trench is (010), the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane does not appear in the normal angle range ⁇ of the transition plane between these two planes. ,. In this case, the transition The surface normal angle range ⁇ includes the normal of the (110) plane. Fig.
- the growth rate in the transition surface normal angle range ⁇ tends to be minimal during the process of changing the inner surface of the trench from (011) to (010). To the maximum tendency. Therefore, in the middle section, there is an intersection angle at which the maximum value of the growth rate and, consequently, the growth rate difference ⁇ ⁇ 2 (or the sum ⁇ ⁇ 1 + ⁇ ⁇ 2) become smaller than in the case where the trench inner surface is (010). At this angle, the suppression of the formation of the overgrowth portion may be further optimized. However, when the inside surface of the trench becomes a high index surface, there is a concern that the growth surface may be roughened during the growth of the filled epitaxial layer and the growth may be uneven.
- the second method of the present invention for producing a silicon epitaxial wafer includes:
- the silicon single crystal substrate having the trench formed therein is placed in a reaction vessel and heated to a predetermined growth temperature, and in this state, a raw material gas is supplied into the reaction vessel to grow a filled epitaxial layer,
- the method further comprises growing the filled epitaxial layer at the growth temperature while supplying the source gas at a flow rate larger than the critical flow rate of the source gas.
- a trench is a closed space with a closed bottom, especially in a fine trench (for example, an opening width of 1 ⁇ m or more and 3 / im or less and a trench depth of 20 ⁇ or more and 50 / im or less). Since the diffusion region created by the friction of the gas is practically occupied, the source gas can be supplied into the trench only by diffusion.
- a carrier gas for example, H gas
- H gas having a larger flow rate than the source gas
- FIG. 17 uses trichlorosilane (TCS: SiHCl) as the source gas,
- the Arrhenius plots show the results of measuring the silicon growth rate at various growth temperatures at various supply flow rates for various supply flow rates. It can also be seen that the plot points show the reaction-limited region on the low-temperature side and the supply-limited region on the high-temperature side where the gradients (ie, the apparent activation energies of the silicon growth reaction) are different even when the source gas supply flow rate shifts. .
- the transition temperature is defined as the temperature indicated by the point of intersection of the regression line on the Arrhenius plane by separately performing a linear regression on the low-temperature plot points and the high-temperature plot points. The transition temperature shifts to the higher temperature side as the supply flow rate of the source gas increases.
- the supply flow rate of the source gas such that the predetermined growth temperature coincides with the transition temperature can be found as the source gas critical flow rate.
- the critical flow rate of the raw material gas is around 11.5 l / min. (This value is specific to each growth vessel, and may differ depending on the specifications of the vessel. Value).
- a reaction vessel necessary for matching a transition temperature between a reaction-limiting region related to silicon deposition from a source gas and a supply-limiting region to a predetermined growth temperature.
- the flow rate (supply amount) of the raw material gas to the The source gas is supplied into the reaction vessel at a flow rate larger than the source gas critical flow rate.
- the transition temperature shifts to a higher temperature side with an increase in the supply flow rate of the source gas, increasing the supply flow rate of the source gas above the above-mentioned critical flow rate of the source gas necessarily requires that the growth temperature be within the reaction rate-limiting region.
- the concentration of the raw material gas at the trench opening position can be increased while maintaining the reaction rate-controlling region. Therefore, as shown in the right of FIG. A sufficient amount of source gas can be supplied, and the growth rate distribution in the depth direction with respect to the inner side surface of the trench can be further improved. As a result, it is possible to suppress excessive growth of silicon in the trench opening, and it is possible to effectively prevent opening narrowing.
- the second of the production method of the present invention is more effective when combined with the first of the production method of the present invention already described, and the above effects can be further enhanced.
- the above effect is particularly remarkable when the raw material gas is supplied to the reaction vessel at the critical flow rate of the raw material gas and is equal to or higher than the raw material gas concentration in the reaction vessel.
- Concentration force This is the case where the supply flow rate of the source gas to the reaction vessel is determined so as to be obtained at the bottom of the S trench.
- a source gas concentration sufficient for the silicon deposition reaction to continue due to the reaction rate is secured over the entire region in the depth direction from the opening to the bottom on the inner side surface of the trench, and the growth rate distribution in the depth direction is maintained. It can be greatly uniformed.
- the source gas can be supplied while maintaining the pressure in the reaction vessel at normal pressure.
- “Normal pressure” means that the pressure falls within a range of ⁇ 10% with respect to l ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
- a growth inhibiting gas that inhibits the growth of the filled epitaxial layer into the reaction vessel together with the source gas.
- a growth inhibiting gas a gas species that suppresses the decomposition reaction of the source gas may be used, but it is more effective to use an etching gas for (deposited) silicon. That is, as shown in FIG. 18, if a gas having an etching property for the silicon forming the inner surface of the trench is supplied alone into the trench, the etching near the opening of the trench as shown in FIG. As the thickness increases and approaches the bottom of the trench, the etching thickness gradually decreases due to gas consumption. On the other hand, as already explained
- the source gas When the source gas is supplied to fill the inside of the trench with silicon (filled epitaxial layer), as shown in FIG.
- the growth thickness decreases gradually. Therefore, by simultaneously supplying the source gas and the etching gas into the reaction vessel, the etching thickness distribution in the depth direction (A) and the growth thickness distribution in the depth direction (B) are offset. As shown in (C), excessive growth of silicon in the trench opening can be effectively suppressed, and the filled epitaxial layer can be grown uniformly on the inner side surface of the trench. It is desirable to use hydrogen chloride as an etching gas in order to enhance the above effect.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-196573 discloses a method in which the flow of the raw material gas and the flow of the etching gas are alternately performed. The idea is to remove the overgrown part by symptomatic treatment by flowing the etching gas.Therefore, it is premised that the overgrown part is formed once on the inner surface of the trench as well as inefficient. Coupled with the difficulty of selective removal, it is not possible to achieve uniform growth of the filled epitaxial layer on the inner surface of the trench.
- the formation of an overgrown portion is suppressed as much as possible near the opening of the trench, and the trench is disadvantageous for silicon growth. It is important to keep the silicon growth as low as possible near the bottom. Specifically, it is effective to make the etching reaction proceed in a temperature range where the supply of the etching gas is rate-determined. If the temperature-limiting temperature range for the supply of the etching gas is adopted, the concentration of the etching gas is high near the opening, so that the etching effect can be rapidly increased. Appearing and suppressing excessive silicon deposition, by the time it reaches the bottom of the trench, the concentration of the etching gas decreases due to consumption near the opening, so that the etching effect rapidly decreases and hinders layer growth. Is gone.
- FIG. 19 shows the use of hydrogen chloride as an etching gas and the supply of H gas as a carrier gas.
- the Arrhenius plot shows the results obtained by measuring the etching rate when etching the main surface of a (100) silicon single crystal substrate at various etching temperatures while fixing the flow rate to 50 liters Z.
- the plot points clearly show the reaction-limited region on the low-temperature side and the supply-limited region on the high-temperature side at any etching gas flow rate.
- the transition temperature is also defined as the temperature indicated by the intersection of the regression lines by performing linear regression individually on the low-temperature side plot points and the high-temperature side plot points on the Arrhenius plane.
- the supply flow rate of the etching gas such that the predetermined growth temperature matches the transition temperature is found as the critical flow rate of the etching gas. be able to.
- the critical flow rate of the etching gas is around 1.0 liter / min. (This value is unique to each growth vessel, and may differ depending on the specifications of the vessel. May be.)
- the flow rate of the etching gas to the reaction vessel which is necessary to make the transition temperature between the reaction rate-limiting region and the supply rate-limiting region related to silicon etching equal to the growth temperature, is defined as the etching gas critical flow rate.
- the etching gas critical flow rate it can be said that it is desirable to supply the etching gas into the reaction vessel at a flow rate smaller than the critical flow rate of the etching gas. That is, in FIG. 19, decreasing the etching gas flow rate below the etching gas critical flow rate means that the growth temperature is always set within the supply rate-limiting region.
- the selective etching progress at the trench opening position can be promoted while maintaining the supply rate-controlling region, and the silicon growth rate distribution in the depth direction with respect to the trench inner surface can be made more uniform. If the flow rate of the etching gas is excessively small, the etching effect may not be sufficiently obtained.Therefore, it is necessary to set the lower limit of the flow rate of the etching gas to such an extent that an excessive precipitation portion does not remain in the trench opening. desirable.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example of a silicon epitaxial wafer of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example of a silicon epitaxial wafer of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a trench in an enlarged manner.
- FIG. 4 is a first process chart for explaining an example of the method for producing the wafer of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is also a second process drawing.
- FIG. 6 is a third process drawing.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one example of a vapor phase growth apparatus used in the step of FIG. 5.
- FIG. 8 is a view for explaining a problem of a conventional manufacturing method.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the growth rates of silicon on various crystal planes during epitaxial growth as a function of the angle from the (111) plane.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically showing a state in which an overgrown portion is formed near a transition surface region forming an opening edge of a trench.
- FIG. 11 is a view for explaining a positional relationship between various planes in a silicon single crystal substrate whose main surface is (100).
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a transition surface normal angle range when the main surface of the substrate is (100) and the inner surface of the trench is (010).
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a transition surface normal angle range when the main surface of the substrate is (100) and the inner side surface of the trench is (011).
- Figure 14 shows how the growth rate of the epitaxial layer changes in the transition plane normal angle region ⁇ where the surface normal goes from [100] to [010] via [110].
- Figure 15 shows how the growth rate of the epitaxy layer changes in the transition plane normal angle region ⁇ where the surface normal goes from [100] to [011] via [111].
- FIG. 16 is a view for explaining the effect of increasing the raw material gas above the critical flow rate of the raw material gas in the reaction rate-limiting region.
- FIG. 17 is a graph in which the results of measuring the growth rates of silicon at various growth temperatures under various flow rate conditions with the supply flow rates of the raw material gas varied are Arrhenius plots.
- FIG. 18 is a view for explaining an effect of supplying an etching gas together with a raw material gas.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing an Arrhenius plot of the results obtained by setting the supply flow rate of the etching gas at various values and measuring the silicon etching rate at various etching temperatures under various flow rate conditions.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating the concept of a transition surface normal angle region and a transition surface region.
- FIG. 21 is a TEM observation image of a filled epitaxy layer on which a planar defect is formed.
- FIG. 22 is a TEM observation image of a filled epitaxy layer from which a planar defect is eliminated. Explanation of reference numerals
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a silicon epitaxial wafer of the present invention.
- a plurality of trenches 11 are fixed in such a manner that the longitudinal direction of the main surface MP of the n-type silicon single crystal substrate 2 doped with p, As or Sb coincides with a predetermined direction. It is formed at intervals, and has a structure in which the inside of the trench 11 is filled with a filling epitaxial layer 3 made of p-type silicon single crystal doped with B.
- An n-type layer region 4 derived from the substrate 2 is formed between adjacent filled epitaxial layers 3.
- the filled epitaxial layer 3 may be formed as an n-type layer region using a p-type silicon single crystal substrate 2 as shown in FIG.
- the depth d of the trench 11 is not less than 20 ⁇ m and not more than 50 ⁇ m
- the width wl of the trench 11 (filled epitaxial layer 3) is not less than 1 / im and not more than 3 ⁇ .
- the width of the n-type layer region 4 (p-type layer region 4 in FIG. 2) between the adjacent filled epitaxial layers 3 and 3 is 1 am or more and 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the plane index of the substrate main surface MP is (100)
- the plane index of the inner side surface WP of the trench 11 is (010).
- the width wl of the opening of the trench 11 is substantially equal to the width w2 at the bottom, but wl can be set wider than w2 (in this case, the surface index of the inner surface WP is (Higher index surface than (010)).
- a silicon oxide film 10 having a window 10w for forming a trench is formed as a thermal oxide film on the main surface of the n-type silicon single crystal substrate 2 by a well-known photolithography technique.
- a dry etching method such as reactive ion etching (Reactive Ion Etching) (wet etching may be used, but dry etching is preferable to increase the steepness of the trench inner surface) is achieved within the window 10w.
- the substrate 2 is etched in the depth direction from the exposed surface to form a trench 11. After that, the silicon oxide film 10 is removed by wet etching. Since a method for forming such a trench is well known in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-141407, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- a p-type silicon epitaxial layer 13 is vapor-phase grown on the substrate main surface MP side.
- the silicon single crystal substrate 2 is placed in a vapor phase growth apparatus, and the silicon single crystal substrate 2 is heat-treated at a predetermined temperature (for example, 1130 ° C., hydrogen atmosphere), and then the filled epitaxial layer 3 is vapor phase grown. I do.
- FIG. 7 is a side sectional view schematically showing one example of the vapor phase growth apparatus 121.
- This vapor phase growth apparatus 121 includes a reaction vessel 122 formed in a flat box shape, and a raw gas SG force from a gas inlet 171 formed at one end thereof. It is fed horizontally and in one direction. Then, in the container body 123, only one wafer W is disposed substantially horizontally on the susceptor 112 disposed in the susceptor receiving recess 110.
- the reaction vessel 122 has a gas outlet 128 formed at the end opposite to the source gas inlet 171 through a bench lily-shaped throttle 129.
- the introduced raw material gas SG is exhausted from the gas outlet 128 after passing over the surface of the wafer W.
- a trichlorosilane gas is used as the raw material gas SG. This trichlorosilane gas is mixed at a certain concentration by publishing hydrogen gas into liquid trichlorosilane (SiHCl).
- the mixed gas is led to the pipe 107 while adjusting the flow rate by the valve 109.
- Hydrogen gas is introduced into the pipe 108 via the valve 105, and the two are finally further mixed and flow into the reaction vessel 122 from the raw material gas inlet 171 in a form in which the concentration of trichlorosilane is adjusted.
- a dopant gas here, p-type impurity is added, for example, diborane (BH) is used
- M mass flow controller
- the FC (104) 104 While the flow rate is adjusted by the FC (104) 104, it is supplied to the reaction vessel 122 from the pipe 106.
- the wafer W is driven to rotate by the motor M together with the susceptor 112, and is further heated by the infrared heating lamp 111 while being supplied with the raw material gas SG to form an epitaxy layer.
- the pressure in the reaction vessel 122 is normal pressure, but it is preferable to set the pressure to be slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure in order to prevent the intake of outside air.
- the growth temperature is adjusted in the range of 850 ° C to 1100 ° C.
- the critical flow rate of the raw material gas required to make the transition temperature between the reaction-limited region and the supply-limited region related to the deposition of silicon with trichlorosilane force equal to the growth temperature was previously found.
- trichlorosilane is supplied into the reaction vessel 122 at a flow rate larger than the raw material gas critical flow rate. More specifically, a trichlorosilane concentration equal to or higher than the trichlorosilane in the reaction vessel 122 when the source gas is supplied into the reaction vessel 122 at the critical flow rate of the source gas is lower than the bottom of the trench 11.
- the supply flow rate of the trichlorosilane concentration to the reaction vessel 122 is determined as obtained in the above.
- the conditions from 18.5 liters / minute to 40 liters / minute in FIG. 17 are adopted.
- the inside of the reaction vessel 122 is supplied from the pipe 102 while the flow rate is adjusted by the salt gas valve 103 serving as an etching gas.
- the flow rate of hydrogen chloride to the reaction vessel 122 which is necessary to make the transition temperature between the reaction-limited region and the supply-limited region related to silicon etching equal to the growth temperature, is determined by the criticality of the etching gas.
- hydrogen chloride is supplied into the reaction vessel 122 at a flow rate smaller than the etching gas critical flow rate.
- the growth temperature is set to around 1000 ° C., the conditions from 1.0 liter Z minute to 0.8 liter / minute in FIG. 19 are adopted.
- the trench 11 Is filled with a silicon epitaxial layer, and finally becomes a filled epitaxy layer 3.
- the unnecessary growth layer 13a deposited on the epitaxial layer 13 outside the trench on the main surface MP of the substrate occurs, as shown in FIG. 6, if this is removed by polishing, as shown in FIG. PITAXIAL @ AHA 1 is completed.
- the growth temperature is set in a low temperature range in which the growth rate does not change extremely sharply with respect to the concentration of trichlorosilane, specifically, in a temperature range in which the silicon deposition reaction is controlled by the reaction.
- the trichlorosilane flow rate is set to be much higher than the raw material gas critical flow rate, so that a sufficient concentration of trichlorosilane is supplied to the bottom of the trench even if the raw material gas is slightly consumed in the upper part of the trench opening.
- the concentration of trichlorosilane concentration sufficient to continue the silicon deposition reaction by the reaction rate is secured over the entire area in the depth direction from the opening to the bottom of the trench inner surface WP, so that the bottom side of the trench 11 is secured.
- the growth rate catches up with the growth rate on the opening side, and the growth rate distribution in the depth direction becomes uniform.
- the first gap 16a can be removed to some extent by setting the polishing depth to be somewhat larger when polishing the unnecessary growth layer 13a on the main surface MP of the substrate, but the second gap 16a can be removed. Once 16b remains, it cannot be repaired, and it is very important to consider point 2 in particular. This makes it possible to realize an epitaxy wafer having the filled epitaxy layer 3 in which the air gap 16b does not remain on the bottom side of the d / 2 (more preferably d / 5) position.
- the inner surfaces of the trench are connected to each other before the raising of the bottom of the trench, and the trench depth in the filled epitaxial layer is reduced. In the direction, a planar defect portion, which is a trace of connection between both inner surfaces, is easily formed. Then, when the inner surface is partially connected in a certain region in the depth direction of the trench, the surrounding region left unconnected and left as a void portion. Also, even though it seems that the voids do not remain macroscopically, as shown in the TEM observation results in FIG. 21, many dislocations and nanometer-sized Microvoids and the like often remain.
- impurities such as heavy metals can enter the planar defect and cause contamination, and can cause major obstacles such as an increase in leak current due to the formation of interface states or a decrease in breakdown voltage. Is a change.
- the trench bottom as described above the trench can be raised sufficiently quickly before the inside surfaces of the trench are connected.
- the formation of the above planar defect can be effectively suppressed.
- the obtained filled epitaxial layer is not formed with the above-mentioned planar defect portion, and even if it is formed, the defect bottom position enters the bottom side of d / 5 from the trench opening. It can be effectively suppressed and can be easily removed by polishing or the like.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04745765A EP1638136A4 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2004-06-10 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SILICON EPITAXIAL WAFERS AND SILICON EPITAXIAL WAFERS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003172269A JP3915984B2 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | シリコンエピタキシャルウェーハの製造方法及びシリコンエピタキシャルウェーハ |
| JP2003-172269 | 2003-06-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004114384A1 true WO2004114384A1 (ja) | 2004-12-29 |
Family
ID=33534671
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/008135 Ceased WO2004114384A1 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2004-06-10 | シリコンエピタキシャルウェーハの製造方法及びシリコンエピタキシャルウェーハ |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1638136A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3915984B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100428411C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004114384A1 (ja) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI365491B (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2012-06-01 | Kao Corp | Composition for cleaning semiconductor device |
| JP5015440B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-29 | 2012-08-29 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体基板の製造方法 |
| JP5150048B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-29 | 2013-02-20 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体基板の製造方法 |
| JP4865290B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-06 | 2012-02-01 | 株式会社Sumco | 半導体基板の製造方法 |
| WO2007040255A1 (ja) | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-12 | Sumco Corporation | 半導体基板およびその製造方法 |
| JP4788519B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-07 | 2011-10-05 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体基板の製造方法 |
| JP5200604B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-19 | 2013-06-05 | 信越半導体株式会社 | スーパージャンクション構造を有する半導体素子の製造方法 |
| JP5056618B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-26 | 2012-10-24 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Iii族窒化物系化合物半導体の製造方法 |
| JP5397253B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-11 | 2014-01-22 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体基板の製造方法 |
| JP5702622B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-14 | 2015-04-15 | 株式会社Sumco | トレンチ埋め込みエピタキシャル成長条件の最適化方法 |
| CN102693910A (zh) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-09-26 | 上海华虹Nec电子有限公司 | 沟槽的干法刻蚀方法 |
| JP2014112594A (ja) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-19 | Denso Corp | スーパージャンクション構造を有する半導体装置の製造方法 |
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| US4141765A (en) * | 1975-02-17 | 1979-02-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of extremely flat silicon troughs by selective etching with subsequent rate controlled epitaxial refill |
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- 2003-06-17 JP JP2003172269A patent/JP3915984B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
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- 2004-06-10 CN CNB2004800168204A patent/CN100428411C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-10 WO PCT/JP2004/008135 patent/WO2004114384A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-06-10 EP EP04745765A patent/EP1638136A4/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3915984B2 (ja) | 2007-05-16 |
| CN1806313A (zh) | 2006-07-19 |
| CN100428411C (zh) | 2008-10-22 |
| EP1638136A1 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
| JP2005011893A (ja) | 2005-01-13 |
| EP1638136A4 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
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