WO2006028081A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006028081A1 WO2006028081A1 PCT/JP2005/016319 JP2005016319W WO2006028081A1 WO 2006028081 A1 WO2006028081 A1 WO 2006028081A1 JP 2005016319 W JP2005016319 W JP 2005016319W WO 2006028081 A1 WO2006028081 A1 WO 2006028081A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device having high heat resistance and high withstand voltage characteristics.
- Si silicon
- semiconductor devices for converting electrical signals and electric power generally use a lot of silicon (hereinafter referred to as Si) semiconductor materials, but there are a variety of devices that can be used even in harsh temperature environments. Improvements are underway. Examples of this include semiconductor devices mounted on artificial satellites and used in space, and high-speed and highly integrated microprocessors mounted on computers. Other examples include various power integration circuits that control power of several hundred milliwatts or more and various individual semiconductor devices such as IGBTs mounted in the engine room of automobiles.
- compound semiconductor materials are used in various light-emitting semiconductor devices that emit light of various wavelengths. This light emitting semiconductor device also tends to have a high current density in order to obtain higher intensity light emission, and is being improved so that it can be used in a severe temperature environment with a higher junction temperature.
- Wide gap semiconductor materials such as silicon carbide (hereinafter referred to as SiC) are used because they have excellent physical properties such as the SU has a large energy gap and a dielectric breakdown electric field strength that is about an order of magnitude larger. Attention has been paid. Wide gap semiconductor materials are semiconductor materials suitable for power semiconductor devices used in harsh temperature environments, and in recent years, semiconductor devices having this material strength have been actively developed.
- SiC diode elements High heat resistance using SiC 'Conventional examples of power semiconductor devices with high withstand voltage are shown below.
- the power using SiC diode elements is as follows: Proceedings of 2 001 International symposium on 27, Sadaka et al. Of “Power semiconductor Devices & I s” 30 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art 1).
- a pn junction that injects charges onto the SiC substrate is formed by an epitaxial film using an epitaxial growth technology. After removing the epitaxial film in the end region of the substrate by mesa etching, a termination portion for relaxing the electric field is formed by ion implantation.
- the depth is about L ⁇
- the p-type epitaxial layer having a thickness of 0.7 m is removed by a mesa etching process of m, and a passivation film is formed with an inorganic film such as 0.4 ⁇ of silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide.
- a SiC diode element having a high withstand voltage of 12 kV to 19 kV can be realized.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a SiC diode device configured by placing the conventional SiC diode element in a package.
- a SiC diode element 90 is attached to the upper surface of a metal support 93 having a force sword terminal 92 on the lower surface thereof in contact with the force sword electrode 97.
- the support 93 is further provided with an anode terminal 91 that penetrates the support 93 while maintaining insulation through the insulator 12.
- the anode terminal 91 is connected to the anode electrode 96 of the SiC diode element 90 by a lead wire 8.
- a metal cap 94 is provided on the upper surface of the support 93 so as to cover the diode element 90, and the package space 95 including the diode element 90 is sealed. This space 95 is filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas. In the case of filling with sulfur hexafluoride gas, the covering 100 shown by an arc in FIG. 5 and described later is not provided.
- the reason for filling with sulfur hexafluoride gas is as follows. Since the creepage distance is short between the anode electrode 96 and the exposed side surface 90a not covered with the passivation film 98, discharge tends to occur in the air and the withstand voltage cannot be increased. In order to increase this withstand voltage, the package is filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas, which hardly causes discharge in a high electric field, as an insulating gas. When an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or a rare gas such as argon is used as the insulating gas, these gases have a lower maximum dielectric breakdown field than sulfur hexafluoride gas, so that they are contained in the gas when a high voltage is applied. Causes a discharge.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or a rare gas such as argon
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3395456
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 3409507
- Non-Special Reference 1 Pages 27 to 30 of ⁇ Proceedings of 2001 International symposium on Power Semiconduct or Devices & IC's ''
- Sulfur hexafluoride gas has the most excellent insulating property as an insulating gas at present, but since it contains fluorine, it must be avoided from the viewpoint of preventing global warming.
- the pressure of the sulfur hexafluoride gas filled in the semiconductor device needs to be about 2 atm. If the temperature rises during use of the semiconductor device, this pressure increases to 2 atmospheres or more, and there is a risk of explosion and gas leakage unless the semiconductor device's nose / cage is made quite robust.
- a wide gap semiconductor device may operate at a high temperature near 500 ° C. In this case, the sulfur hexafluoride gas is thermally expanded, and the gas pressure becomes considerably high. As a result, there is a further increase in the risk of package explosion and gas leak leaks, and the sulfur hexafluoride gas is thermally decomposed and the withstand voltage is lowered.
- a synthetic material containing polymethylphenol siloxane having a linear structure of siloxane (Si—O—Si conjugate) is used.
- molecular compounds and synthetic polymer compounds that contain poly (silsilsesquioxane) having a crosslinked structure of siloxane is generally called silicon rubber (Si rubber).
- Si rubber silicon rubber
- Polymethylphenylsiloxane is not so high in heat resistance, but there is no problem when it is used in the range where the junction temperature is 150 ° C or less like Si power semiconductor element.
- the heat resistance is not sufficient when used at a high temperature of 200 ° C or higher, such as a semiconductor device using SiC, which is a wide gap semiconductor material. If the temperature of the SiC semiconductor element is over 200 ° C during use, the polymethylphenylsiloxane coating will be less flexible. Also, when it exceeds 250 ° C in air, it vitrifies and becomes completely rigid. Therefore, when the temperature of the SiC semiconductor element returns to room temperature, many cracks are generated inside the polymethylphenylsiloxane coating.
- poly (silsilsesquioxane) has excellent heat resistance, but is fragile and easily cracked, so it is difficult to form a film with a large thickness.
- polysilsilsesquioxane When using polysilsilsesquioxane, apply it to the surface of the element with a thickness of several microns. However, with a thickness of a few microns, the withstand voltage is limited, making it difficult to use for semiconductor devices with a high withstand voltage of 3 kV or higher.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high withstand voltage / high heat resistance semiconductor device in which a semiconductor element is covered with a synthetic polymer compound which is a curable composition containing silicon having excellent heat resistance and flexibility. is doing.
- the semiconductor device of the present invention comprises at least one semiconductor element, and at least a part of the semiconductor element and an electrical connection means for electrically connecting the semiconductor element to an external device is a synthetic polymer compound. It is characterized by covering with.
- the synthetic polymer compound contains at least one of the following (A) component, (B) component, and (C) component-containing polymer, and includes the following component (D): It is a cured product obtained by heat-curing a silicon-containing curable composition containing a catalyst.
- the component (A) includes Si—R 1 Si—O—R 2 and Si—R 3 —OCOC (R 4 ) ⁇ CH.
- R 1 and R 2 are alkylene groups and / or arylene groups which may contain 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 3 is an alkylene group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms. And R or R 4 is hydrogen or a methyl group].
- the component (B) has a Si—H group and has one or more cross-linked structures with Si—O—Si bonds, and a component having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less is 20% by weight or less. Is the body.
- the component (C) includes Si—R 1 Si—O—R 2 and Si—R 3 —OCOC (R 4 ) ⁇ CH.
- the component (D) is a curing reaction catalyst that is a platinum-based catalyst.
- the above-mentioned curable composition containing silicon does not contain the component (C), it preferably contains the components (A) and (B) and the component (D).
- the silicon-containing curable composition may contain (A) component, (C) component and (D) component, and may not contain (B) component. Also, (B) component, (C) component and ( It may contain the component D) and not contain the component (A).
- the above-mentioned curable composition containing silicon may contain (C) component and (D) component and may not contain (A) component and (B) component.
- the high heat-resistant semiconductor device of the present invention comprises at least one semiconductor element and contains a combination of (A) component, (B) component, and (C) component, which is contained in the silicon-containing curable composition.
- the semiconductor element and the semiconductor element are electrically connected to an external device by a synthetic polymer compound obtained by thermosetting the silicon-containing curable composition containing a metal oxide fine powder as component (E). Covering at least a portion of the electrical connection means for electrical connection.
- the synthetic polymer compound has a high insulating property, that is, a high withstand voltage characteristic, and has extremely good affinity with an inorganic film such as silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride, which is used as a passivation film for a semiconductor element. It adheres firmly to the surface of the passivation film. Furthermore, it has excellent compatibility with Si semiconductors and wide gap semiconductors such as SiC and GaN, and has excellent adhesion to adhere firmly to the surface of semiconductor elements.
- the semiconductor device having the semiconductor element coated with the synthetic polymer compound having excellent adhesiveness has high moisture resistance, a highly reliable semiconductor device can be realized.
- This synthetic polymer compound has extremely good affinity with Si semiconductors and wide gap semiconductors such as SiC and GaN. Therefore, for example, even when a defect portion such as a pinhole exists in the passivation film and the semiconductor layer is exposed, the synthetic polymer compound functions as a passivation film that directly protects the surface of the semiconductor element, and high reliability can be realized.
- the synthetic polymer compound obtained by thermally curing the silicon-containing curable composition in the present invention includes inorganic materials used as a nose basin film, various metals such as copper, aluminum, and stainless steel, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and phenol. Adhesiveness to various types of resin, such as resin, and various glass, etc. is extremely good and adheres firmly to these. For this reason, the surface protective film made of this synthetic polymer compound adheres firmly and tightly to the metal electrode, electrical connection means, support and the like of the semiconductor element. As a result, high moisture resistance can be obtained, so that a semiconductor device having high reliability and high withstand voltage performance can be realized.
- the synthetic polymer compound obtained by thermosetting the silicon-containing curable composition of the present invention has high translucency for ultraviolet rays and visible rays. Therefore, it is possible to visually observe the situation when the synthetic polymer compound is applied to the semiconductor element or the electrical connection means. For example, the coating operation can be carried out efficiently while confirming that there are no bubbles or voids by visual inspection.
- Compound light-emitting semiconductor device, compound photocoupled semiconductor device, wide-gap light-emitting semiconductor device, and wide-gap photocoupled using a synthetic polymer compound obtained by thermosetting the silicon-containing curable composition of the present invention A power semiconductor device can simultaneously satisfy both a high temperature and high pressure resistance function that can protect a semiconductor element even at high temperatures and a high efficiency optical coupling function that transmits light well even at high temperatures.
- the synthetic polymer compound obtained by thermally curing the silicon-containing curable composition can be covered with the synthetic polymer compound obtained by thermally curing the silicon-containing curable composition.
- This synthetic polymer compound has a high withstand voltage even at high temperatures, and has extremely good affinity with a semiconductor material and an inorganic film such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride used as a passivation film. Therefore, the synthetic polymer compound adheres firmly to the surface of the element of the semiconductor device and can increase the moisture resistance of the semiconductor device. High temperature Even if V, it will not deteriorate, so the semiconductor device is highly reliable, especially when operating at temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a SiCpn diode device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a SiC-GTO thyristor device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a surface perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 2 of the SiC-GTO thyristor element of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an optically coupled wide gap power semiconductor device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional SiC diode device.
- a semiconductor element included in the high heat resistance and high voltage semiconductor device and the semiconductor element are electrically connected to an external device. At least a part of the electrical connection means is covered with a synthetic polymer compound obtained by curing the curable composition containing silicon.
- the above-mentioned curable composition containing a silicon according to the present invention contains at least one of the above-mentioned silicon-containing polymers (A), (B), and (C), which will be described in detail below. Then V speaks. If the curable composition containing silicon does not contain the component (C), it contains both the component (A) and the component (B). Furthermore, the silicon-containing curable composition contains the component (D) as a constituent component.
- the component (A) is a silicon-containing polymer.
- a component having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less is 20% by weight or less.
- Si- R 1 of R1 reactive group (A,) is Aruke - a group, this Aruke - le group, Yogu alkylene group directly bonded to the Keimoto atom, Ariren group, Alternatively, it may be bonded to a silicon atom via an alkylene group and an arylene group.
- the alkyl group (which may contain an alkylene group and Z or arylene group) has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably has 2 to 5 heat resistance.
- R 1 is preferably a bur group or a allyl group from the viewpoint of heat resistance and curability.
- R 2 of Si-O-R 2 reactive groups (A,) is Aruke - a group, the alkenyl - le group, Yogu be bonded directly to the acid atom alkylene group, It may be bonded to an oxygen atom via an arylene group or an alkylene group and an arylene group.
- the alkyl group (which may contain an alkylene group and Z or arylene group) has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably has 2 to 5 heat resistance.
- R 2 is preferably a bur group or a aryl group from the viewpoint of heat resistance and curability.
- R 4 is hydrogen or a methyl group, preferably hydrogen.
- the component (A) is not limited as long as it has one or more cross-linked structures of Si-O-Si bonds, and a plurality of Si-O-Si bonds may be repeated continuously. . Further, depending on the bridge structure, for example, it may have a ladder-like (ladder-like), force-like, or annular structure.
- Ladder-like (ladder-like), ladder-like, and ring-like structures may all be formed with Si—O—Si bonds! / Si, and some may be formed with Si—O—Si bonds. You can ⁇ .
- the component (A) is obtained by forming a Si—O—Si siloxane bond by a hydrolysis reaction of an alkoxysilane having a reactive group ( ⁇ ′) and ⁇ or chlorosilane. It is.
- the introduction of the reactive group ( ⁇ ′) does not have an alkoxysilane having a reactive group ( ⁇ ′) and a reactive group ( ⁇ ′), which may use ⁇ or chlorosilane! /, Alkoxysilane and ⁇ or chloro.
- Hydrosilane hydrolysis 'Condensation reaction is performed to form a polymer, and both reactive groups ( ⁇ ') can be introduced using reactive functional groups such as Si- ⁇ and Si-C1. May be.
- alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes having a reactive group ( ⁇ ') include: diallyl dimethoxysilane, arinoletrimethoxysilane, arinoletriethoxysilane, gallinolegetoxysilane, butenyltriethoxysilane, vinyl Examples thereof include methyl jetoxy silane, vinyl methyl dimethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, and chlorosilanes in which a part or all of alkoxy groups of these alkoxy silanes are substituted with a closed end group.
- alkoxy group of alkoxysilane or the chlorosilane group of chlorosilane is hydrolyzed to form a silanol group.
- deuterated hydrides in which all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes are substituted with deuterium, or fluorinated products in which fluorine atoms are substituted are listed. Two or more types can be used. Particularly preferred from the standpoints of heat resistance, electrical properties, curability, mechanical properties, storage stability, handling properties, etc., trimethoxyvinylsilane, dimethylmethoxybutylsilane, and these alkoxyl groups are substituted with black mouth groups. Chlorosilane and the like.
- alkoxysilane and chlorosilane include acetoxymethyltrimethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, bis (triethoxysilyl) methane, bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane, bis (Triethoxysilyl) hexane, 3-bromopropyltrimethoxysilane, butyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltriethoxysilane, chlorophenyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, jetinolegoxysilane, je Tinoresin methoxysilane, dimethinoresoxysilane, dimethylenoresimethoxysilane, dodecinoletrimethoxysilane, etyltriethoxysilane, etyltrimethoxysilane, butyltrimethoxysilane, me
- organosilane having alkoxysilyl at both ends can also be used.
- all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes may be substituted with deuterium, deuterated compounds, or fluorine atoms substituted with fluorine atoms. 1 type, or 2 or more types can be used.
- phenyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyljetoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane are preferable in terms of heat resistance, electrical properties, curability, mechanical properties, storage stability, handling properties, etc.
- the alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane used to obtain the silicon-containing polymer of component (A) may be used in combination of two or more. If desired, other metal alcohols and metal chlorides may be used. In addition, a hydrolysis / condensation reaction is performed by using a metal complex or the like in combination with the metal complex, etc., and the element containing a non-silicon element such as boron, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, titanium, iron, or zinc Zirconium, niobium, tin, tellurium, tantalum and the like can also be incorporated.
- a non-silicon element such as boron, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, titanium, iron, or zinc Zirconium, niobium, tin, tellurium, tantalum and the like can also be incorporated.
- the number can be adjusted by reacting with alkylchlorosilane.
- alkylchlorosilane monochlorinated (monochrome) silanes such as trimethylchlorosilane can be used.
- the hydrolysis / condensation reaction of the alkoxysilane or chlorosilane is carried out using a catalyst such as an acid or a base in a solvent-free or solvent in which a so-called sol'gel reaction is performed.
- a catalyst such as an acid or a base
- a solvent-free or solvent in which a so-called sol'gel reaction is performed.
- a method is mentioned.
- the solvent used at this time is not particularly limited, and specifically, water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone dioxane, tetrahydrofuran These can be used, and one of these can be used, or two or more can be mixed and used
- Hydrolysis / condensation reaction of alkoxysilane or chlorosilane is carried out by hydrolyzing alkoxysilane or chlorosilane with water to form silanol groups (Si—OH groups), and these generated silane groups or between silanol groups. It proceeds by the condensation of a group and an alkoxyl group, or a silanol and a chlorosilane group.
- a catalyst that is preferably added with an appropriate amount of water may be dissolved in water.
- the hydrolysis reaction proceeds even with a small amount of water contained in air or in a solvent other than water.
- Catalysts such as acids and bases used in this hydrolysis 'condensation reaction are not particularly limited as long as they promote the hydrolysis' condensation reaction, and specifically, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and the like.
- Inorganic acids Organic acids such as acetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, monoisopropyl phosphate; Inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonia; Trimethylamine, Triethyla Amine compounds (organic bases) such as amine, monoethanolamine and diethanolamine; titanium compounds such as tetraisopropyl titanate and tetrabutyl titanate; tin compounds such as dibutyltin laurate and octylstannic acid; Boron compounds such as orchid; Aluminum compounds such as aluminum trisacetyl acetate; such as iron, methanol, manganese, and zinc Chloride genus, and metal carboxylates such as naphthenates and Okuchiru acid salts of these metals, and the like, also the use of these kind, can also be used in combination of two or more.
- Inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium
- the order of the above hydrolysis 'condensation reaction is not particularly limited. When two or more alkoxysilanes or chlorosilanes are hydrolyzed' condensation reaction is performed, each of them is hydrolyzed to some extent, and then both are mixed. Further, all of the hydrolysis' condensation reaction 'may be mixed and the hydrolysis' condensation reaction may be performed at once.
- the reactive group ( ⁇ ') in the silicon-containing polymer of component (A) may be introduced after sol-gel reaction, which may be introduced during the sol-gel reaction, such as chlorosilane and ⁇ or alkoxysilane. It may be introduced again.
- sol-gel reaction Si—— group and ⁇ or Si—C1 group are left, and chlorosilane and ⁇ or silayl having reactive group ( ⁇ ′) respectively. It can be introduced by a covalent bond by reacting a diol.
- the silicon-containing polymer as the component (A) includes the alkoxysilane having a reactive group ( ⁇ ') and ⁇ or chlorosilane, the alkoxysilane having no reactive group ( ⁇ '), and ⁇ or chlorosilane. It may be obtained by using rhosilane and reacting the precursors containing the silicon containing polymer obtained in the same manner as the force obtained by the sol-gel reaction. For the reaction between the precursors, a part of the reactive group ( ⁇ ') may be used, the sol' gel reaction may be used, Si-— group and Z or Si-C1 group are used. May be.
- a reactive group ( ⁇ ′) may be introduced to obtain a ( ⁇ ) component-containing polymer.
- a curable composition excellent in heat resistance and bonding properties can be preferably obtained.
- bifunctional alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes or chlorosilanes can be used as examples of bifunctional alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes that can be hydrolyzed and condensed.
- Jetty-Legetoxysilane Jetinoresimethoxymethoxysilane, Dimethenoresetoxysilane, Dimethyldimethoxylane, Phenylmethyljetoxysilane, Phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, Diphenyldimethoxysilane, Diphenyljetoxy
- organic silanes having alkoxysilyl at both ends such as 1, 4 bis (dimethylmethoxysilyl) benzene, can also be used, and some of the alkoxy groups of these alkoxysilanes or Examples include chlorosilanes that are all substituted with black mouth groups.
- the alkoxy group of alkoxysilane or the chlorosilane group of chlorosilane may be hydrolyzed to form a silanol group.
- deuterides in which all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes are substituted with deuterium, or fluorides in which fluorine atoms are substituted, and the like can be mentioned.
- fluorides in which fluorine atoms are substituted, and the like
- One type or two or more types can be used.
- the bifunctional alkoxysilane and ⁇ or chlorosilane may contain a reactive group ( ⁇ ′). Particularly preferred are dichlorodimethylsilane, dichlorodiphenylsilane and the like.
- the concentration of the reactive group ( ⁇ ') of the ( ⁇ ) component-containing polymer is preferably from 0.0001 mmolZg to 100mmolZg from the viewpoint of curability and storage stability, and more preferably from 0.001mmolZg. ⁇ : LOmmolZg is preferred. From the viewpoint of curability and storage stability, the number of reactive groups ( ⁇ ') in the (A) component-containing polymer is one or more on average per molecule and one key atom per molecule. 1 or less per unit is preferred.
- the silicon-containing polymer ( ⁇ ) is a component having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less in an amount of 20% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 0% by weight. It is.
- the weight average molecular weight of the component is preferably 500,000 to 100 million from the viewpoint of handling properties such as heat resistance and fluidity.
- the measurement of the weight average molecular weight of the component (ii) can be obtained by polystyrene conversion using GPC.
- the content of the ( ⁇ ) component takes into consideration the number of reactive groups ( ⁇ '), the number of Si- ⁇ groups in the ( ⁇ ) component, and the like.
- ⁇ ' the number of reactive groups
- ⁇ the number of Si- ⁇ groups in the ( ⁇ ) component
- the like the number of Si- ⁇ groups in the ( ⁇ ) component.
- 1 to 99% by weight is preferable, and 35 to 50% by weight is more preferable.
- the component (B) is a silicon-containing polymer, has a Si—H group, and has one or more cross-linked structures by Si-0-Si bonds.
- a component having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less is 20% by weight or less.
- the component (B) has one or more cross-linking structures based on Si-O-Si bonds, it goes without saying that a plurality of Si-O-Si bonds may be repeated continuously.
- the bridge structure for example, it may have a ladder-like (ladder-like), force-like, or annular structure.
- Ladder-like (ladder-like), ladder-like, and ring-like structures may all be formed with Si—O—Si bonds! / Si, and some may be formed with Si—O—Si bonds. You can ⁇ .
- the component (B) is obtained by forming a Si—O—Si siloxane bond by a hydrolysis / condensation reaction of an alkoxysilane having a functional group Si—H group and Z or chlorosilane.
- Functional group Si-H group can be introduced by using alkoxysilane having Si-H group and Z or chlorosilane Hydrolysis of alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane not having Si-H group 'Condensation reaction
- a reactive functional group such as Si—OH or Si—C1 may be used to introduce a Si—H group, or both may be used in combination.
- alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes having a functional group Si—H group include dimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, diethoxysilane, phenyldimethoxysilane, methinoresinmethoxysilane, and dimethinoremethoxy.
- chloro silane group of alkoxysilane or the chlorosilane group of chlorosilane may be hydrolyzed and it may become a silanol group.
- deuterated compounds in which all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes are substituted with deuterium, or fluorinated compounds in which fluorine atoms are substituted are listed. Or two or more types can be used.
- preferable points such as heat resistance, electrical properties, curability, mechanical properties, storage stability, and handling properties include methylmethoxysilane, dimethylmethoxysilane, diphenylmethoxysilane, and phenylmethylmethoxysilane. And silanic compounds obtained by substituting these alkoxy groups with chloro group.
- alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes that do not have a functional group Si—H group include acetonitrile methyltrimethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, bis (triethoxysilyl) methan, bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane.
- deuterated compounds in which all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes are substituted with deuterium, or fluorinated compounds in which fluorine atoms are substituted are listed. Or two or more types can be used. In particular, it has preferable points such as heat resistance, electrical properties, curability, mechanical properties, storage stability, and handling properties, such as phenol methoxysilane, methylenotriethoxysilane, dimethinolegoxysilane, dipheninoresimethoxy. Examples thereof include silane, methinophenyldimethoxysilane, and the like, and silanic compounds in which these alkoxy groups are substituted with a black end group.
- the alkoxysilane and the Z or chlorosilane used for obtaining the (B) component-containing polymer may be used in combination of two or more. If desired, other metal alcoholates, metal chlorides, metals It is treated with a complex, etc., or used in combination with it to conduct a hydrolysis / condensation reaction, and then the element containing a non-silicon element such as boron, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, titanium, iron Zinc, zirconium, niobium, tin, tellurium, tantalum and the like can also be incorporated.
- a non-silicon element such as boron, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, titanium, iron Zinc, zirconium, niobium, tin, tellurium, tantalum and the like can also be incorporated.
- the number can be adjusted by reacting with an alkylchlorosilane.
- alkylchlorosilane monochlorinated (monochrome) silanes such as trimethylchlorosilane can be used.
- the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes proceeds by the reaction mechanism described above, which is performed by the sol-gel reaction as described in the component (A). In order to advance this reaction, it is preferable to obtain an appropriate amount of water as described above.
- various catalysts for promoting the hydrolysis and condensation reaction may be used. For example, after adding an acid catalyst that promotes hydrolysis and condensation reaction, the reaction proceeds under acidic conditions (pH 7 or lower), and then a basic catalyst that promotes hydrolysis and condensation reaction is added to neutral! A method of performing the reaction under the property is also a preferable example.
- the order of the hydrolysis and condensation reaction is not limited as described above.
- the functional group Si--H group in the (B) component-containing polymer may be introduced during the sol-gel reaction, such as chlorosilane and / or alkoxysilane, after the sol-gel reaction. It may be introduced again. For example, after sol-gel reaction, Si-OH group and Z or Si-C1 group are left, and this is introduced by covalent bond by reacting chlorosilane and Z or silanol having functional Si-H group respectively. You can do it!
- the silicon-containing polymer as the component (B) includes the alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane having the functional group Si-H, and the alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane not having the functional group Si-H. It may be obtained by reacting the precursors containing the same polymer containing the precursors in the same manner as the force obtained by the sol-gel reaction. For the reaction between precursors, a part of the functional group S i— H may be used, the sol-gel reaction may be used, Si—OH group and Z or Si—C1 group may be used. May be. Of course, after reacting the precursors, the functional group Si—H may be introduced to form a (B) component-containing polymer.
- a curable composition excellent in heat resistance and bonding properties can be preferably obtained.
- bifunctional alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane can be used as an example of bifunctional alkoxysilane and chlorosilane which can be hydrolyzed and condensed.
- Jetty-Legetoxysilane Jetinoresimethoxymethoxysilane, Dimethenoresetoxysilane, Dimethyldimethoxylane, Phenylmethyljetoxysilane, Phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, Diphenyldimethoxysilane, Diphenyljetoxy
- organic silanes having alkoxysilyl at both ends such as 1, 4 bis (dimethylmethoxysilyl) benzene, can also be used, and some of the alkoxy groups of these alkoxysilanes or Examples include chlorosilanes that are all substituted with black mouth groups.
- Rukokishishi black port group an alkoxy group or a chlorosilane of the run is may also be One Do the hydrolyzed silanol groups.
- deuterides in which all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes are substituted with deuterium, or fluorides in which fluorine atoms are substituted, and the like can be mentioned.
- One type or two or more types can be used.
- the bifunctional alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane may contain the functional group Si—H. Particularly preferred are dichlorodimethylsilane and dichlorodiphenylsilane.
- the concentration of the functional group Si—H group in the (B) component-containing polymer is determined according to curability and retention. From the standpoint of stability, 0.0001 mmolZg to 100 mmolZg is preferable, and 0.001 mmolZg to 10 mmoiz g is preferable.
- the number of functional groups Si—H groups in the component (B) -containing polymer is preferably 1 or more per molecule per molecule and 1 or less per one atom.
- the (B) component-containing polymer contains 20% by weight or less of a component having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 0% by weight. It is.
- the weight average molecular weight of component (B) is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000 from the viewpoint of heat resistance and nodling properties.
- the measurement of the weight average molecular weight of component (B) may be obtained by polystyrene conversion using GPC.
- the content of the component (B) takes into account the number of Si—H groups and the number of reactive groups ( ⁇ ′) in the component (A).
- the content of the component (B) takes into account the number of Si—H groups and the number of reactive groups ( ⁇ ′) in the component (A).
- the viewpoint of curability for example, 1 to 99% by weight is preferable, and 35 to 50% by weight is more preferable.
- R 3 is an alkylene group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and Z or an arylene group
- R 4 is hydrogen or methyl.
- Si- ⁇ groups and one or more cross-linked structures with Si-O-Si bonds .
- a component having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less is 20% by weight or less.
- R 1 of Si- R 1 reactive group (Alpha ') is Aruke - a group, the alkenyl group is directly bonded to be the Yogu alkylene group Kei MotoHara child, Ariren group, Or, it may be bonded to a silicon atom via an alkylene group and an arylene group.
- the alkenyl group (which may contain an alkylene group and Z or arylene group) has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably 2 to 5 from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- R 1 is preferably a vinyl group or an aryl group from the viewpoint of heat resistance and curability.
- R 2 of Si-O-R 2 reactive groups (A,) is Aruke - a group, the alkenyl - le group, Yogu be bonded directly to the acid atom alkylene group, It may be bonded to an oxygen atom via an arylene group or an alkylene group and an arylene group.
- the alkyl group (which may contain an alkylene group and Z or arylene group) has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably has 2 to 5 heat resistance.
- R 2 is preferably a bur group or a aryl group from the viewpoint of heat resistance and curability.
- R 4 is hydrogen or a methyl group, preferably hydrogen.
- the component (C) has at least one cross-linking structure with Si-O-Si bonds, it is needless to say that a plurality of Si-O-Si bonds may be repeated continuously.
- the bridge structure for example, it may have a ladder-like (ladder-like), force-like, or annular structure.
- Ladder-like (ladder-like), ladder-like, and ring-like structures may all be formed with Si—O—Si bonds! / Si, and some may be formed with Si—O—Si bonds. You can ⁇ .
- the component (C) comprises a hydrolytic 'condensation reaction of an alkoxysilane having a reactive group ( ⁇ ') and Si or chlorosilane, and an Si- ⁇ group alkoxysilane and ⁇ or chlorosilane. — Obtained by forming a Si siloxane bond.
- alkoxysilane having both reactive group ( ⁇ ′) and Si—H group and Z or chlorosilane may be used, or both may be used in combination.
- the reactive group (A ′) and Si—H group may be introduced by using an alkoxysilane having a reactive group ( ⁇ ′) and a ⁇ or Si— ⁇ group, and ⁇ or chlorosilane.
- alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes having a reactive group include diaryl dimethyoxysilane, arinoletrimethoxysilane, arinoletriethoxysilane, gallinolegetoxysilan, butenyltriethoxysilane, vinyl Methyl jetoxy silane, vinyl methyl dimethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, and their alkoxy Examples include chlorosilane in which part or all of the alkoxy group of silane is substituted with a chlorosilane group.
- the alkoxy group of alkoxysilane or the chlorosilane group of chlorosilane is hydrolyzed to form a silanol group. It does n’t turn.
- deuterated hydrides in which all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes are substituted with deuterium, or fluorinated products in which fluorine atoms are substituted are listed. Two or more types can be used. Particularly preferred from the standpoints of heat resistance, electrical properties, curability, mechanical properties, storage stability, handling properties, etc., trimethoxyvinylsilane, dimethylmethoxybutylsilane, and these alkoxyl groups are substituted with black mouth groups. Chlorosilane and the like.
- alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes having a functional group Si-H group include dimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, diethoxysilane, phenyldimethoxysilane, methinoresinmethoxysilane, and dimethinoremethoxy.
- chloro silane group of alkoxysilane or the chlorosilane group of chlorosilane may be hydrolyzed and it may become a silanol group.
- deuterated compounds in which all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes are substituted with deuterium, or fluorinated compounds in which fluorine atoms are substituted are listed. Or two or more types can be used.
- preferable points such as heat resistance, electrical properties, curability, mechanical properties, storage stability, and handling properties include methylmethoxysilane, dimethylmethoxysilane, diphenylmethoxysilane, and phenylmethylmethoxysilane. And silanic compounds obtained by substituting these alkoxy groups with chloro group.
- alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes having both reactive groups ( ⁇ ') and Si-H groups include dimethoxyvinyl silane, diethoxyvinyl silane, methyl methoxy vinyl silane, phenol methoxy butyl silane, and methyl ethoxy butyl silane.
- all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes may be substituted with deuterium, deuterides, or fluorine atoms, and the like. 1 type, or 2 or more types can be used.
- the points of heat resistance, electrical properties, curability, mechanical properties, storage stability, handling properties, etc. are also preferred, and methyl methoxyvinyl silane, phenyl methoxy vinyl silane, dimethoxy vinyl silane, etc., and their alkoxy groups are closed. Examples thereof include Silane compounds substituted on the group.
- Alkoxysilane and chlorosilane include acetoxymethylenotrimethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, bis (triethoxysilinole) methane, bis (tri Ethoxysilyl) ethane, bis (triethoxysilyl) hexane, 3-bromopropyltrimethoxysilane, butyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltriethoxysilane, chlorophenyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, jetyljet Sisilane, Jetinoresimethoxysilane, Dimethinoretoxysilane, Dimethinoresimethoxysilane, Dodecyltrimethoxysilane, Ethyltriethoxysilane, Ethyltrimethoxysilane, Butyltrimethoxysilane,
- chlorosilane or the like in which a part or all of the alkoxy groups of these alkoxysilanes are substituted with a chlorosilane group, etc.
- the alkoxy group of alkoxysilane or the chlorosilane group of chlorosilane is hydrolyzed to produce a silanol group. It doesn't matter if you become angry.
- all of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes examples thereof include a deuteride partially or partially substituted with deuterium, or a fluorinated compound substituted with a fluorine atom, and one or more of these can be used.
- phenyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane are also preferred as heat resistance, electrical properties, curability, mechanical properties, storage stability, resistance, and ring strength.
- methylphenol dimethoxysilane, and the like, and silane compounds obtained by substituting these alkoxy groups with a closing group are also preferred.
- the alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane used to obtain the silicon-containing polymer of the component (C) have both a reactive group ( ⁇ ') and a functional group Si-H group in the component (C). If it is contained, two or more types may be used. If desired, it may be treated with other metal alcoholates, metal chlorides, metal complexes, etc., or used in combination with them to conduct hydrolysis / condensation reactions. It is also possible to incorporate elements other than silicon, such as boron, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, titanium, iron, zinc, zirconium, niobium, tin, tellurium, tantalum, etc., into the silicon-containing polymer.
- the number can be adjusted by reacting with alkylchlorosilane.
- alkylchlorosilane monochlorine-substituted (monochrome) silane such as trimethylchlorosilane can be used.
- the reactive group ( ⁇ ') and the ⁇ or functional group Si- ⁇ group in the (C) component-containing polymer are introduced during the sol-gel reaction from chlorosilane and Z or alkoxysilane. It may be introduced again after the sol-gel reaction. For example, after the sol-gel reaction, Si OH group and Z or Si C1 group are left, and reactive groups ( ⁇ ') and Z respectively Alternatively, it may be introduced by a covalent bond by reacting chlorosilane having a functional group Si—H group and Z or silanol.
- the (C) component-containing polymer contains the above-mentioned alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane having a reactive group ( ⁇ ′) and Z or a functional group Si—H group, a reactive group ( ⁇ ′) and a functional group SiH group.
- a reactive group ( ⁇ ′) and Z or a functional group Si—H group may be obtained by the sol-gel reaction using alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane that do not contain silane
- it may be obtained by reacting the same precursors containing the silicon-containing polymer.
- a part of the reactive group ( ⁇ ′) and Z or the functional group Si—H group may be used, or the sol′-gel reaction may be used, or the Si—OH group may be used.
- Z or Si—C1 groups may be utilized.
- a reactive group ( ⁇ ′) and Z or a functional group Si—H group may be introduced to obtain a (C) component-containing polymer.
- a curable composition having excellent heat resistance and non-ringing properties can be preferably obtained.
- a linear polysiloxane of this precursor as an example of a bifunctional alkoxysilane and a chlorosilane, which may be hydrolyzed using a difunctional alkoxysilane and / or a black silane, and then subjected to a condensation reaction.
- ethinolegetoxysilane jetinoresimethoxymethoxysilane, dimethyljetoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxylane, phenylmethyljetoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, diphenyljetoxysilane
- organic silanes having alkoxysilyl at both ends such as 1,4bis (dimethylmethoxysilyl) benzene can be used, and some or all of the alkoxy groups of these alkoxysilanes can be used. Chlorosilane substituted on the black mouth group, etc.
- Black port group an alkoxy group or a chlorosilane of Kokishishiran does Mawa force even if a silanol group is hydrolyzed.
- deuterated compounds in which all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of these alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes are substituted with deuterium, or fluorinated compounds in which fluorine atoms are substituted are listed. Two or more types can be used.
- the bifunctional alkoxysilane and Z or chlorosilane may contain reactive groups ( ⁇ ′) and ⁇ or functional groups Si— ⁇ . Particularly preferred are dichlorodimethylsilane, dichlorodiphenylsilane and the like.
- the concentration of the reactive group ( ⁇ ') of the (C) component-containing polymer is preferably 0.0001 mmolZg to 100 mmolZg, and more preferably 0.001 mmolZg. ⁇ : LOmmolZg is preferred.
- the concentration of the functional group Si—H group of the (C) component-containing polymer is preferably 0.0001 mmolZg to 100 mmolZg from the viewpoint of curability and storage stability, and more preferably 0.001 mmolZg to 10 mmol Zg is preferred.
- the number of reactive groups ( ⁇ ') in the component (C) -containing polymer is one or more on average per molecule of the catalyst-containing polymer from the viewpoint of curability and storage stability. 1 or less per atom is preferred.
- the number of functional group Si— ⁇ groups in the (C) component-containing polymer is preferably 1 or more per molecule per molecule and 1 or less per 1 atom.
- the component (C) -containing polymer contains a component having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less in an amount of 20% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 0% by weight.
- the weight average molecular weight of the component (C) is preferably from 5000 to LOO 10,000 from the viewpoints of heat resistance and nodling properties.
- the weight average molecular weight of component (C) can be determined by conversion to polystyrene using GPC.
- the content of the component (C) in the curable composition containing silicon in the present invention includes the number of reactive groups ( ⁇ ') and ⁇ or functional groups Si- ⁇ groups in the component (C), In the case of containing the component A) and the component Z or component (B), the number of the reactive group ( ⁇ ') and the number of ⁇ or functional group Si- ⁇ group, etc., may be selected as appropriate. Do not contain both component (A) and component (B)! In the case, it is preferably 1 to 99% by weight, for example, from the viewpoint of curability.
- the preferred total content of arylene groups and arylene groups of the (A) component, (B) component, and (C) component-containing polymer will be described.
- the inventors have found that the total content of arylene groups and arylene groups of the silicon-containing polymer contained in the silicon-containing curable composition greatly affects the heat resistance and handling properties. That is, the heat resistance is improved by including an aryl group or an arylene group, but if the content is too large, the fluidity is deteriorated and the handling property is affected.
- the key polymer containing the combination of the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) contained in the curable composition containing silicon of the present invention has heat resistance and handling properties.
- the total content of aryl groups and arylene groups is preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight, more preferably 1 to 25% by weight, still more preferably 5 to 15% by weight. When the total content exceeds 50% by weight, the fluidity is deteriorated and the handling property is deteriorated.
- the ratio of the total content of the aryl group and the arylene group in the component (A) and the component (B) is preferably 0.5 to 1.5: 0.5 to 1.5 force, preferably 0.8 to 1. 2: 0. 8 ⁇ 1.2 Power is better than ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ .
- aryl groups and arylene groups are a phenyl group and a fullerene group.
- the platinum-based catalyst of component (D) is a well-known catalyst containing platinum, palladium and one or more kinds of metals that promote hydrosilylation reaction.
- Platinum-based catalysts used as catalysts for these hydrosilylation reactions include platinum carbonyl vinylmethyl complex, platinum-dibutyltetramethyldisiloxane complex, platinum-cyclovinylmethylsiloxane complex, platinum one-year-old octylaldehyde complex, etc.
- compounds containing palladium, rhodium, etc. which are also platinum-based metals, may be used, and one or more of these may be used in combination.
- a platinum carbonyl vinylmethyl complex is preferred, preferably containing platinum.
- the so-called Wilkinson catalyst containing the above platinum-based metal such as chlorotristriphenylphosphine rhodium (I) is also included in the platinum-based catalyst of the present invention.
- the content of the component (D) in the curable composition containing silicon in the present invention is preferably 5% by weight or less from the viewpoint of curability and storage stability. 0.0001 to 1.0% % Is more preferred. When the content of component (D) is more than 5% by weight, the stability of the curable composition containing silicon tends to be poor.
- the above-mentioned curable composition containing silicon preferably further contains a metal oxide fine powder as the component (E).
- Component metal oxide fine powder is so-called filler, mineral This refers to inorganic materials such as these and organically modified ones thereof.
- colloidal silica, silica filler, silica gel, minerals such as my strength and montmorillonite, metal oxides such as aluminum oxide and zinc oxide, and the like may be modified by organic modification treatment or the like.
- My force (mica) contains metal elements such as Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, and Si.
- Various physical properties can be obtained by adding fine powders of these metal oxides.
- Particularly preferred is silicon dioxide fine powder.
- the particle size of these metal oxide fine particles is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the content of the component (E) in the silicon-containing curable composition is preferably 90% by weight or less and more preferably 50% by weight or less from the viewpoint of heat resistance and handling.
- a free radical force ranger may be further blended as an optional component in the silicon-containing curable composition.
- the free radical scavenger may be any anti-acidic substance such as an antioxidant or a stabilizer.
- an antioxidant for example, triethylene glycol bis [3- (3-tbutyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenol] -L) propionate], dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,6 di-t-butyl-paracresol (DBPC), and the like.
- the content of the free radical scavenger in the curable composition containing silicon is 0.1 to 50% by weight from the viewpoints of heat resistance, electrical properties, curability, mechanical properties, storage stability and handling properties. More preferably 1 to 30% by weight.
- the silicon-containing curable composition of the present invention contains at least one of the (A) component, the (B) component, and the (C) component (containing the (C) component).
- both (A) and (B) components) and the platinum catalyst of component (D) can be cured by heating.
- a curing method there is a method in which these components are mixed and heated immediately before use. There is also a method of heating and curing when all the ingredients are mixed and cured.
- the heating temperature when curing is in the range of 0 to 300 ° C, more preferably 100 to 200 ° C.
- the curing time is in the range of 0.1 to 10 hours, more preferably 1 to 6 hours.
- the silicon-containing curable composition of the present invention has good fluidity at room temperature (25 ° C) and excellent handling properties. Further, a cured product (synthetic polymer compound) obtained by curing this silicon-containing curable composition is excellent in heat resistance and crack resistance. Specifically, a cured product having a temperature causing a weight loss of 5% by weight of the cured product is preferably 300 ° C or higher, preferably 370 ° C or higher. Moreover, the hardened
- the silicon-containing curable composition of the present invention has a rapid curing reaction due to the reaction of the reactive group (A ') and the Si-H group due to the effect of the curing reaction catalyst that is a platinum-based catalyst of the component (D). Proceed to. Therefore, the obtained cured product (synthetic polymer compound) has excellent physical properties, particularly excellent heat resistance, solvent resistance, and alkali resistance. Furthermore, since this composition is uniform and transparent, it can be photocured by adding a photoreactive catalyst that is also capable of transmitting light such as ultraviolet rays. Of course, a photoreactive monomer or rosin may be further blended, or any one or more of the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) may have a photoreactive group. Furthermore, weather resistance, hardness, contamination resistance, flame resistance, moisture resistance, gas barrier properties, flexibility, elongation and strength, electrical insulation, low dielectric constant and other mechanical properties, optical properties, and electrical properties It is possible to obtain an excellent material.
- the silicon-containing curable composition of the present invention includes any of the components (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) other than the above.
- components other well-known various types of resin, fillers, additives, and the like can be blended within a range that does not impair the target performance of the present invention.
- various organic functional groups can be bonded to any one or more of the components (A), (B) and (C) to give further functions.
- a high-functional composite material in which other useful compounds are dispersed in the matrix-containing curable composition or the cured product thereof can be produced.
- Examples of various resins that can be arbitrarily blended include polyimide resins, polyether resins such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, and resins. Examples thereof include enol resin, polyester resin, melamine resin, polyamide resin, and polyphenolic resin resin.
- additives examples include ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, antioxidants, and the like.
- the synthetic polymer compound of the present invention can be obtained by thermosetting the above-described curable silicon-containing composition.
- the “semiconductor device” refers to a device in which a semiconductor element is housed in a package, and each electrode of the semiconductor element is connected to each electrode terminal with a lead wire.
- the semiconductor device of the first embodiment of the present invention is a SiCpn diode device including a SiC (silicon carbide) pn diode element (hereinafter abbreviated as SiC diode element) having high heat resistance and high withstand voltage.
- SiC diode element SiC pn diode element
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a SiCpn diode device having a withstand voltage of 7 kV according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the SiC diode element 13 included in the SiCpn diode device has the following configuration.
- An n-type SiC drift layer 2 having a low impurity concentration of about 80 m is formed on the upper surface of the n-type SiC force sword region 1 having a high impurity concentration of about 300 m.
- a force sword electrode 7 is formed on the lower surface of the force sword region 1.
- a P-type SiC anode region 3 that forms the main junction is formed.
- An anode electrode 6 is formed in the anode region 3.
- a p-type electric field relaxation region 4 is formed around the anode region 3.
- a surface protective film 5 having a three-layer structure in which a silicon dioxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a silicon dioxide layer are laminated in this order is formed.
- the anode electrode 6 is connected to the upper end 9a of the anode terminal 9 by a gold lead wire 8 which is an electrical connection means. In FIG. 1, only one lead wire 8 is shown.
- the force lead wire 8 is arranged in parallel according to the current value flowing through the lead wire 8. Connect to the row.
- the force sword electrode 7 is attached to the metal support 10 constituting the package while maintaining electrical connection.
- a force sword terminal 11 is connected to the support 10.
- the anode terminal 9 and the force sword terminal 11 are connected to wiring of an external device or the like.
- the anode terminal 9 and the support 10 are fixed through insulating glass 12 having a high melting point while maintaining insulation.
- the lead wire 8, the anode terminal and the force sword terminal 11 are "electrical connection means".
- a metal cap 14 is provided on the upper surface of the support 10 so as to cover the SiC diode element 13, and the space 15 in the package including the SiC diode element 13 is sealed.
- a synthetic polymer compound covering 16 is provided so as to cover the SiC diode element 13 and the lead wire 8 in the space 15. For example, nitrogen gas is sealed in the space 15.
- the SiC diode element 13 that has been preliminarily manufactured is soldered to a predetermined position on the upper surface of the support 10 using high-temperature solder containing gold silicon.
- both ends of the lead wire 8 of the gold wire (plurality) having a diameter of 80 ⁇ m are connected to the anode metal electrode 6 and the upper end 9a of the anode terminal 9, respectively.
- the above-mentioned curable composition containing silicon is applied and cured so as to cover the entire surface of the SiC diode element 13 and the vicinity of the connection portion between the lead wire 8 and the anode metal electrode 6.
- a compound coating 16 is formed.
- This silicon-containing curable composition is synthesized by synthesis steps 1 to 5 described below.
- the component was 0%.
- the step of applying the silicon-containing curable composition-A obtained by the above synthesis steps 1 to 5 will be described.
- a coating method a dripping method or a method of extruding a predetermined amount of the curable composition A containing silicon from a nozzle having a hole having a predetermined diameter is suitable.
- the viscosity of the present curable composition A having a viscosity at 25 ° C. is 16 Pa ′S, and has good fluidity at room temperature (25 ° C.). When applied, it has a mountain shape close to the shape shown in the covering 16 in FIG.
- the C-containing curable composition—A is excellent in curability because it can be easily cured with a certain degree of flexibility when it is kept at a temperature of about 200 ° C. for a predetermined time after coating.
- the cured polymer compound maintains a raised shape as shown in the covering 16 in FIG. 1, and covers the entire SiC diode element 13 with a thickness of 400 m or more without any gaps. Can do. If the viscosity of the C-containing curable composition—A is too higher than the above value, a gap may be formed between the SiC diode element 13 and the covering 16 when applied. On the other hand, if the viscosity is too low, it will not be possible to swell in a mountain shape, and the thickness of the covering 16 cannot be maintained at a desired thickness of 400 ⁇ m or more.
- the metal cap 14 is attached to the support 10 and welded in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the internal space 15 is filled with nitrogen gas to complete the SiCpn diode.
- the reverse withstand voltage measured by applying a voltage (reverse voltage) so that the potential of the force sword terminal 11 is increased between the anode terminal 9 and the force sword terminal 11 of the SiCpn diode of this example is about 7.5 kV.
- the reverse breakdown voltage can be maintained even at a high temperature of, for example, 250 ° C, which is inoperable with Si semiconductor devices.
- Reverse voltage leakage current density at 7kV were 8 X 10 _5 AZcm 2 below.
- the SiCpn diode of this example was subjected to a continuous energization test for 750 hours with a current density of 200 AZcm 2 in a high-temperature atmosphere at 250 ° C, but the synthetic polymer compound coating 16 after the test ended The deformation did not occur. In addition, the cloudiness and other problems caused the transparency to deteriorate.
- the forward voltage during energization was 4.2 V, and it hardly changed before and after the 750-hour energization test.
- the semiconductor device was disassembled and visually observed. As a result, the synthetic polymer compound is firmly adhered to the SiC layer exposed on the side surface of the SiC diode element 13 only on the surface protective film 5 in the electric field relaxation region 4 of the SiC diode element 13. It was confirmed.
- the reverse recovery time which is a measure of the speed of operation of the SiCpn diode, was about 45 nanoseconds, and there was no change before and after the test.
- the periphery of the SiC diode element 13 is covered with the synthetic polymer compound coating 16 so that the SiC diode element 13 is placed in an atmosphere of sulfur hexafluoride gas. Insulation, that is, high withstand voltage characteristics equivalent to or higher than that in the case of being placed on, can be obtained.
- SiCpn diodes with high heat resistance and high insulation properties can be realized without using sulfur hexafluoride gas, a harmful substance that adversely affects global warming.
- the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is a 4 kV SiC-GTO thyristor (Gate Turn Off Thyristor) device having a SiC GTO thyristor element 20, and FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view thereof.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of one cell obtained by cutting the GTO thyristor element 20 in FIG. 2 along a plane perpendicular to the paper surface. In an actual device, multiple cells shown in Fig. 3 are connected in the horizontal direction of the figure.
- a buffer layer 22 of ⁇ -type SiC having a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m is provided on the upper surface of the force sword region 21 of n-type SiC having a high impurity concentration of about 320 m.
- a force sword electrode 32 is provided on the lower surface of the force sword region 21.
- a p-type SiC drift layer 23 having a low impurity concentration of about 50 m is provided on the buffer layer 22.
- a ⁇ -type base region 24 and a ⁇ -type anode region 25 having a thickness of about 2 ⁇ m are sequentially formed in the center of the drift layer 23.
- an ⁇ -type electric field relaxation region 26 is formed.
- a surface protective film 27 having a three-layer structure of a silicon dioxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a silicon dioxide layer is formed.
- An anode electrode 28 is formed in the ⁇ -type anode region 25.
- a second-layer anode electrode 29 is formed in the left region on the anode electrode 28, and the gate electrode is interposed in the right region through an insulating film 30.
- 31 is formed.
- a first-layer gate electrode 33 is formed in the n-type base region 24, and the gate electrode 33 is connected to the gate electrode 31 at a connection portion (not shown).
- the anode electrode 29 is connected to the upper end 35a of the anode terminal 35 by a gold lead wire 34.
- the gate electrode 31 is connected to the upper end 37 a of the gate terminal 37 by a gold lead wire 36.
- the lead wires 34 and 36, the anode terminal 35, and the gate terminal 37 are electrical connection means.
- the force sword electrode 32 is attached to a metal support 38 of the package having force sword terminals 39.
- the anode terminal 35 and the gate terminal 37 are fixed through the support 38 while maintaining insulation between the anode terminal 35 and the gate terminal 37 with the respective high melting point insulating glasses 40 and 41 and the support 38.
- Cement-containing curable composition to be a covering 42 of a synthetic polymer compound so as to cover the entire surface of the GTO thyristor element 20 and the vicinity of the connecting portion of the lead wires 34 and 36 to the GTO thyristor element 20.
- the silicon-containing curable composition B used as a synthetic polymer compound for the covering 42 was synthesized by the following synthesis steps 1 to 5.
- a synthetic polymer compound coating 42 can be obtained by thermosetting the C-containing curable composition B.
- a silicon-containing polymer precursor 11 was synthesized. Specifically, 86 parts of a 0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous solution was added to 100 parts of methyltriethoxysilane, and the mixture was kept at 10 to 15 ° C. and stirred for 3 hours. To this reaction solution, 80 parts of ethanol was added, and the reaction solution was neutralized with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, followed by stirring at 60 ° C for 30 minutes. After the reaction, ethanol and water in the solvent were distilled off while adding 900 parts of toluene to obtain a silicon-containing polymer precursor 11.
- the molecular weight was determined in terms of polystyrene under the following measurement conditions.
- the GPC measurement of the following synthesis process was performed under the same measurement conditions.
- the measurement conditions of molecular weight are as follows.
- this C-containing curable composition B As a method for applying this C-containing curable composition B, a dripping method, or a nozzle-containing curable composition having a predetermined diameter as in Example 1, a predetermined amount of C-containing curable composition B The method of extruding is suitable.
- This C-containing curable composition-B has a viscosity of 3 OPa 'S at 25 ° C and good fluidity at room temperature (25 ° C). When applied, it swells in a mountain shape close to the shape shown in the cover 42 in FIG.
- the curable composition B containing silicon When the curable composition B containing silicon is kept at a temperature of about 200 ° C. for a predetermined time after application, it is easily cured with a certain degree of flexibility and has excellent curability.
- the cured synthetic polymer compound can maintain the mountain-like rise of the covering 42 in FIG. 2, and can cover the entire GTO thyristor element 20 with a thickness of 400 m or more without any gaps. If the viscosity of the synthetic polymer compound is too high, there may be a gap between the GTO thyristor element 20 and the cover 42 when applied. On the other hand, if the viscosity is too low, the thickness of the covering 42 cannot be raised to a desired thickness of 400 m or more without being raised in a mountain shape.
- the metal cap 43 is attached to the support 38 and welded in a nitrogen atmosphere to complete the SiC-GTO thyristor device in which nitrogen gas is sealed in the internal space 44 of the package.
- the GTO thyristor element 20 is soldered to the support 38 using a high temperature solder of gold silicon.
- the lead wires 34 and 36 are gold wires having a diameter of 80 ⁇ m, and are attached between the anode electrode 29 and the anode terminal 35 and between the gate electrode 31 and the gate terminal 37 using a lead bonding device, respectively.
- FIG. 2 one lead wire 34, 36 is shown, but a plurality of lead wires 34, 36 are connected in parallel according to the respective current values flowing through the lead wires 34, 36. May be.
- a 4 kV voltage is applied in the forward direction so that the potential of the anode terminal 35 is higher than that of the cathode terminal 39, and the potential of the gate terminal 37 is decreased.
- an off state in which no current flows was maintained, and a withstand voltage of 4 kV was obtained.
- the reverse withstand voltage of the SiC-GTO thyristor device of the second example was about 4.6 kV, and this reverse withstand voltage could be maintained even in a high temperature atmosphere of 250 ° C.
- the leakage current density at a reverse voltage of 4 kV was good at 1 X 10 _4 AZcm 2 or less.
- the following first and second operation tests were performed on the SiC-GTO thyristor device of this example.
- the SiC-GTO thyristor device of this example was continuously operated for 300 hours in a high-temperature atmosphere at 250 ° C while a current was passed at a current density of 200 AZcm 2 .
- the conventional silicon GTO thyristor cannot operate at a device temperature of 250 ° C.
- the forward voltage of the SiC-GTO thyristor device immediately after the start of the first operation test was 4.4V. After the first and second operation tests were completed, the forward voltage was measured under the same conditions as the first operation test, but the measured value was almost the same as the value at the start of the first operation test. The difference was within the measurement error.
- a reverse voltage of 4 kV was applied after the first and second operation tests were completed, the leakage current density was 2 X 10 _4 A / cm 2 or less at a temperature of 250 ° C, showing a slight change.
- the turn-on time was 0.3 microsecond and the turn-off time was 0.5 microsecond. This switching time also did not change before and after the first and second operation tests. Note that the turn-on time and turn-off time of the SiC GTO thyristor device of this example is about one-third of the conventional silicon GTO thyristor with a withstand voltage of 6 kV.
- the semiconductor device is an optically coupled wide gap power semiconductor device including a light emitting element and a light receiving element
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view thereof.
- a GaN (gallium nitride) npn bipolar transistor 51 having a withstand voltage of 2.5 kV and a current capacity of 200 A is used as a main power semiconductor element (light emitting element) having a light emitting function.
- a SiC photodiode 52 is used as the light receiving element.
- the SiC photodiode 52 is placed in the same package so as to face the GaN-npn bipolar transistor 51! /
- n-type GaN collector region 53 with a thickness of approximately 300 m is formed on the upper surface of a ⁇ -type low-concentration GaN with a thickness of approximately 20 ⁇ m. Region 53a is formed.
- a p-type GaN base region 54 having a thickness of about 1.7 m is formed on the GaN region 53a, and an n-type emitter region 55 having a high impurity concentration of about 3 m is sequentially formed thereon. It has been.
- a collector electrode 66 is provided on the lower surface of the GaN collector region 53.
- An n-type electric field relaxation region 56 is formed in the collector region 53 around the GaN base region 54.
- a metal base electrode 58 is provided at the right end of the GaN base region 54.
- a metal emitter electrode 59 having a light emitting window 60 is provided on the n-type emitter region 55.
- a surface protective film 57 having a two-layer structure of a silicon nitride layer and a silicon dioxide silicon layer is formed.
- the base electrode 58 is connected to the base terminal 62 by a gold lead wire 61.
- the emitter electrode 59 is connected to the emitter terminal 65 by gold lead wires 63 and 64.
- the collector electrode 66 is attached to a metal support 67 of the package having the collector terminal 68 so as to maintain an electrical connection.
- the SiC photodiode 52 is bonded to the inner surface of the cap 70 via an insulating plate 71 such as aluminum nitride so that the light receiving portion 80 faces the light emitting window 60 of the GaN-npn bipolar transistor 51.
- the anode electrode 72 of the SiC photodiode 52 is connected to a metal anode terminal 74 by a gold lead wire 73.
- the force sword electrode 75 is connected to the force sword terminal 77 by a gold lead wire 76.
- the anode terminal 74 and the force sword terminal 77 are connected to respective external wirings.
- the anode terminal 74 and the force sword terminal 77 are fixed to the through hole of the cap 70 through high melting point insulating glasses 78 and 79.
- the lead wires 61, 63, 64, 73, 76, the emitter terminal 65, the base terminal 62, the collector terminal 68, the anode terminal 74, and the force sword terminal 77 are electrical connection means.
- the lead wires 61, 63, 64, 73, 76 may be formed by connecting a plurality of wires in parallel according to the value of the current flowing therethrough.
- GaN—npn bipolar transistor 51 SiC photodiode 52, lead wires 61, 63, 64, 73, 76, and covering 81 made of a synthetic polymer so as to cover the end of base terminal 62 and the end of emitter terminal 65 Is provided.
- the GaN-npn bipolar transistor 51 prepared by force soldering is soldered to a predetermined position of the support 67 using a high melting point solder of gold silicon.
- the emitter electrode 59 and the emitter terminal 65 are connected with gold lead wires 63 and 64 having a diameter of 80 ⁇ m using a lead bonding apparatus.
- the base electrode 58 and the base terminal 62 are connected by a gold lead wire 61.
- the material of the synthetic polymer compound 81 before curing is applied thickly so as to wrap the GaN-npn bipolar transistor element 51.
- the silicon-containing curable composition used as a synthetic polymer compound of the covering 81 was synthesized as in the following synthesis steps 1 to 5.
- a synthetic polymer compound 81 can be obtained by thermosetting the C-containing curable composition 1C.
- a silicon-containing polymer precursor 1 was synthesized by the same step as the synthesis step 1 of the method for synthesizing the silicon-containing curable composition-A in the first example. Specifically, 86 parts of a 0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous solution was added to 100 parts of methyltriethoxysilane, and the mixture was kept at 10 to 15 ° C. and stirred for 3 hours. To this reaction solution, 80 parts of ethanol was added, and the reaction solution was neutralized with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, followed by stirring at 60 ° C for 30 minutes. After the reaction, ethanol and water in the solvent were distilled off while adding 900 parts of toluene to obtain a silicon-containing polymer precursor 1.
- the molecular weight was determined in terms of polystyrene under the following measurement conditions.
- the GPC measurement of the following synthesis process was performed under the same measurement conditions.
- the measurement conditions of molecular weight are as follows.
- a silicon-containing polymer precursor-2 was synthesized by the same process as the synthesis process 2 of the method for synthesizing the above-described method for synthesizing the silicon-containing curable composition A. That is, 90 parts of dichlorodimethylsilane and 9 parts of dichlorodiphenylsilane were mixed and dropped into a mixed solvent of 100 parts of ion-exchanged water and 100 parts of toluene. From this reaction solution, the aqueous phase was removed, and polymerization was carried out at 250 ° C. for 2 hours while distilling off the toluene solvent.
- the viscosity at 25 ° C (room temperature) of the C-containing curable composition-C obtained by the above synthesis steps 1 to 5 measured using an E-type viscometer is 16 Pa'S and has a good flow Therefore, when applied, it rises like a mountain and has excellent handling properties.
- the SiC photodiode 52 prepared by force is soldered to the inner side surface of the metal cap 70 through the aluminum nitride insulating plate 71 using a high melting point solder of gold silicon.
- the anode electrode 72 and the anode terminal 74 are connected with a gold lead wire 73 having a diameter of 80 ⁇ m using a lead bonding apparatus.
- the force sword electrode 75 is connected to the cathode terminal 77 with a gold lead wire 76.
- the above-mentioned curable composition containing silicon-C is applied thickly so as to enclose the vicinity of the connection portion between the SiC photodiode 52 and the lead wires 73 and 76 with the SiC photodiode 52.
- the C-containing curable composition C has good fluidity at room temperature (25 ° C) and swells in a mountain shape when applied.
- the metal cap 70 and the support 67 are placed so that the light receiving portion 80 of the SiC photodiode 52 faces the light emitting window 60 of the GaN-npn bipolar transistor 51.
- each of the chevron-containing curable compositions enveloping both of them is combined so that the tops thereof are in contact with each other and welded in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a package. Thereafter, the package is heated to a predetermined temperature of about 200 ° C. to cure the silicon-containing curable composition C to a certain degree of flexibility to form a covering 81.
- the optically coupled wide gap power semiconductor device of this example is completed through the above steps.
- the potential of the collector terminal 68 of the GaN-npn bipolar transistor 51 is set higher than that of the emitter terminal 65 to set the forward bias state.
- the potential of the base terminal 62 is set to the same potential as the emitter terminal 65, an off state in which no current flows is maintained. Withstand voltage was 2.5 kV or higher, and high withstand voltage was achieved.
- the potential of the anode terminal 74 is set lower than that of the force sword terminal 77, and the reverse bias state is maintained.
- the on-off drive is as follows.
- the potential of the base terminal 62 is set higher than the potential of the emitter terminal 65, and a directional base current flows from the base terminal 62 to the emitter terminal 65.
- electrons are injected from the emitter electrode 59, the GaN-npn bipolar transistor 51 is turned on, and light 50 having a wavelength of about 390 to 570 nm is generated.
- This light 50 is received by the SiC photodiode 52, and an amount of photocurrent corresponding to the amount of light flows between the anode terminal 74 and the force sword terminal 77.
- the current of the GaN-npn bipolar transistor 51 can be detected based on the photocurrent of the SiC photodiode 52. Since the voltage between the anode terminal 74 and the force sword terminal 77 of the SiC photodiode 52 is relatively low, a high voltage of several kV is applied by a low-voltage measurement means (such as a voltmeter or a voltage measurement circuit). —The operating state of the npn bipolar transistor 51 can be detected.
- the withstand voltage of the GaN-npn bipolar transistor 51 of this example is about 3. lkV, 25 This withstand voltage could be maintained even at a high temperature of 0 ° C. 2.
- the leakage current density when a reverse voltage of 5 kV was applied was as good as 4 ⁇ 10 _4 A / cm 2 or less.
- GaN-withstand voltage between the npn bipolar Trang register 51 and the SiC photodiode 52 is at least 5kV, leakage current at 5kV were 1 X 10 _5 AZcm 2 below. Even after a continuous voltage application test at a temperature of 250 ° C for 1000 hours, the increase in leakage current was a small value within the measurement error range.
- the optically coupled wide gap power semiconductor device of this example was able to pass a current at a high current density of 150 AZcm 2 despite having a high withstand voltage of 2.5 kV or higher. Further, even after energizing continuously for 600 hours in a high temperature atmosphere of 200 ° C, the synthetic polymer compound covering 81 was deformed, and cracks and cloudiness were generated. In addition, even after energization for 250 hours in a high temperature and high humidity atmosphere at a temperature of 80 ° C and a humidity of 85%, the synthetic polymer compound coating 81 was deformed, cracked or clouded, and was strong. The forward voltage when energized at a temperature of 200 ° C and a current density of 150 AZcm 2 was 5.
- the powers described in the first to third embodiments are as described above.
- the present invention covers more application ranges or derived structures. For example, it can be applied to MOSFETs, junction FETs, SITs, IGBTs, MOS sili- sions, etc. of Si semiconductors and wide gap semiconductors.
- high-frequency, high-output MESFETs can be applied to lateral MOSFETs, junction FETs, HEMTs, and so on.
- the present invention can also be applied to elements using other wide gap semiconductor materials or compound semiconductors. wear. In particular, it can be effectively applied to devices using diamond and gallium phosphorus wide gap semiconductor materials.
- the semiconductor has a configuration in which the polarity of each semiconductor region is reversed from n-type to p-type and p-type to n-type. Of course, it can also be applied to body devices.
- the semiconductor device of the TO type package using the metal caps 43 and 70 has been described.
- the present invention is not a metal cap, but a semiconductor device of a high heat resistant grease cap. It can also be applied to.
- the semiconductor device may have a configuration other than the TO type, such as a stud type or flat type, a SIP type using a high heat-resistant resin, or a general mold type in a Si power module.
- Each package of FIGS. 1 and 2 contains one semiconductor element, but the number of semiconductor elements in one package may be plural.
- each semiconductor element When a plurality of semiconductor elements are accommodated, it is preferable to cover each semiconductor element with a synthetic polymer compound coating, but when the potential difference between the semiconductor elements is not so large, A plurality of semiconductor elements may be covered with a single covering.
- the optically coupled semiconductor device is illustrated in the third embodiment, it can be similarly applied to a semiconductor device having only a light emitting semiconductor element or a semiconductor device having only a light receiving semiconductor element. Further, it goes without saying that the present invention can also be applied to power devices such as transformers, contactors, and switchers that require high heat resistance and high withstand voltage characteristics other than semiconductor devices.
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Abstract
Description
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| CN2005800299173A CN101032023B (zh) | 2004-09-06 | 2005-09-06 | 半导体装置 |
| EP20050782201 EP1801871B1 (en) | 2004-09-06 | 2005-09-06 | Semiconductor device |
| US11/661,778 US7772594B2 (en) | 2004-09-06 | 2005-09-06 | High-heat-resistive semiconductor device |
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| WO (1) | WO2006028081A1 (ja) |
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| US9576868B2 (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2017-02-21 | General Electric Company | Semiconductor device and method for reduced bias temperature instability (BTI) in silicon carbide devices |
| TW201434133A (zh) * | 2013-02-23 | 2014-09-01 | 華星光通科技股份有限公司 | 光收發元件封裝結構 |
| JP6608359B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-19 | 2019-11-20 | ルミレッズ ホールディング ベーフェー | 基板キャリアを有さず光学素子を有するpcled |
| US9540490B2 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2017-01-10 | Lintec Corporation | Curable composition, curing product, and method for using curable composition |
| MY175492A (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2020-06-30 | Lintec Corp | Curable composition, curing product, and method for using curable composition |
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- 2005-09-06 WO PCT/JP2005/016319 patent/WO2006028081A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-06 EP EP20050782201 patent/EP1801871B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-09-06 CN CN2005800299173A patent/CN101032023B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| See also references of EP1801871A4 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1801871A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| EP1801871A4 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| EP1801871B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
| US20080210948A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
| KR20070043017A (ko) | 2007-04-24 |
| US7772594B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
| CN101032023A (zh) | 2007-09-05 |
| KR100868120B1 (ko) | 2008-11-10 |
| CN101032023B (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
| JP2006073950A (ja) | 2006-03-16 |
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