WO2006134887A1 - 水素含有ガスの製造方法及び装置 - Google Patents
水素含有ガスの製造方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006134887A1 WO2006134887A1 PCT/JP2006/311783 JP2006311783W WO2006134887A1 WO 2006134887 A1 WO2006134887 A1 WO 2006134887A1 JP 2006311783 W JP2006311783 W JP 2006311783W WO 2006134887 A1 WO2006134887 A1 WO 2006134887A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixing step in which oxygen-containing gas is mixed in a mixing chamber with a raw material gas in which water vapor and hydrocarbon-based fuel are mixed, and the mixed gas obtained in the mixing chamber is mixed into a catalytic reaction chamber.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a hydrogen-containing gas to be executed, and also relates to a production apparatus that uses this type of method for producing a hydrogen-containing gas.
- a hydrogen-rich gas can be obtained by reforming a hydrocarbon-based fuel as a raw gas for FT (Fischer Tropsch) synthesis, methanol synthesis, or ammonia synthesis using a catalytic reaction.
- the partial oxidation reaction follows the chemical formula shown in the following chemical formula 1, and is a so-called exothermic reaction.
- the steam reforming reaction is a so-called endothermic reaction according to the chemical formula shown below.
- This reforming technique is also called autothermal reforming, and a series of reactions involves simultaneous reactions of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2.
- Patent Document 1 a technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.
- the reforming catalyst body is composed of two stages, a reforming catalyst containing at least platinum or rhodium in the front stage, and a reforming catalyst containing at least ruthenium or rhodium in the rear stage. It is proposed that the former reforming catalyst and the latter reforming catalyst are composed of different elements, respectively.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-121007 (Claims)
- the non-catalytic site upstream of the catalytic reaction chamber is referred to as the front chamber in this application. Since the reaction that occurs in the vicinity of the inlet is exothermic, the temperature at this site reaches a reasonable temperature. Therefore, the outlet part of the front chamber (the part connected to the inlet to the catalytic reaction chamber) also has a considerable temperature.
- the gas in this part is a mixed gas in which oxygen is mixed with the raw material gas in which water vapor and hydrocarbon fuel are mixed. May cause self-ignition. If auto-ignition occurs in this area, problems such as soot and abnormally high gas temperatures may occur, resulting in unstable conditions in the front chamber, and good operation in the front chamber's catalytic reaction chamber. I ca n’t keep up.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is provided on the upstream side of a catalytic reaction chamber in a method for producing a hydrogen-containing gas that obtains a hydrogen-containing gas by a partial oxidation reaction and a steam reforming reaction.
- a production apparatus using the method is obtained.
- the characteristic configuration of the method for producing a hydrogen-containing gas for performing the steps is as follows.
- the catalyst reaction chamber is provided with a first catalyst portion in which a first reforming catalyst rich in low-temperature oxidation activity is disposed, and a second reforming step provided on the downstream side of the first catalyst portion and rich in reforming activity.
- a temperature at which the mixed gas self-ignites in a convection time required for the mixed gas to reach the catalytic reaction chamber from the mixing chamber is defined as a self-ignition temperature.
- the lower limit temperature at which the reforming catalyst causes the partial oxidation reaction is defined as the partial oxidation lower limit temperature
- the temperature of the front chamber is set to a temperature that is equal to or higher than the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and lower than the self-ignition temperature, and Introduce into the catalytic reaction chamber.
- the catalyst in the catalytic reaction chamber is divided into a first reforming catalyst and a second reforming catalyst, and the first reforming catalyst rich in oxidation activity is provided on the inlet side, and the downstream side thereof. Reforming activity A second reforming catalyst rich in the gas is disposed. Then, with respect to the first catalyst part from the front chamber, the mixed gas reaches the inlet of the catalytic reaction chamber at a temperature not lower than the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and lower than the self-ignition temperature. After reaching the inlet of the catalytic reaction chamber, the partial oxidation reaction by the first reforming catalyst can be started, and the state of the front chamber can be actively avoided from becoming unstable.
- the temperature reaction at a relatively low temperature causes the catalytic reaction.
- the temperature of the mixed gas in the front chamber is set to a relatively low temperature lower than its auto-ignition temperature, the partial oxidation reaction proceeds at the stage of introduction into the catalytic reaction chamber.
- the reaction at the entrance of the catalytic reaction chamber can be satisfactorily caused while maintaining a stable state.
- the first reforming catalyst rich in low-temperature oxidation activity described above can be a reforming catalyst containing one or more of ruthenium or platinum, and as the second reforming catalyst rich in reforming activity.
- a mixing chamber that mixes an oxygen-containing gas with a raw material gas in which water vapor and hydrocarbon-based fuel are mixed, and the mixed gas obtained in the mixing chamber passes through the front chamber.
- a catalytic reaction chamber to be guided, wherein the mixed gas is brought into contact with the reforming catalyst to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas by a partial oxidation reaction and a steam reforming reaction.
- a reaction chamber is provided on the downstream side of the first catalyst part where the first reforming catalyst rich in low-temperature oxidation activity is disposed from the inlet side, and the second reforming catalyst rich in reforming activity provided on the downstream side of the first catalyst part
- the temperature at which the mixed gas self-ignites in the advection time required for the mixed gas to reach the catalytic reaction chamber from the mixing chamber is defined as the self-ignition temperature,
- the minimum temperature at which the reforming catalyst causes the partial oxidation reaction is partially oxidized.
- a front chamber temperature setting means for setting the temperature of the front chamber to a temperature not lower than the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and lower than the self-ignition temperature will be provided.
- the first reforming catalyst concentration of the first catalyst part is set so that the temperature of the front chamber is equal to or higher than the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and lower than the autoignition temperature.
- the outlet temperature of the first catalyst part is set to a concentration that is equal to or lower than the auto-ignition temperature and equal to or higher than the temperature at which the second catalyst causes partial oxidation.
- the concentration of the first reforming catalyst in the first catalyst portion is set so that the temperature of the front chamber is equal to or higher than the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and less than the auto-ignition temperature.
- the outlet temperature of the first catalyst section is set to a concentration that is equal to or lower than the auto-ignition temperature and equal to or higher than the temperature at which the second catalyst causes partial oxidation.
- the role of the first reforming catalyst in the present application is to raise the mixed gas temperature to a temperature at which the second reforming catalyst induces an oxidation reaction.
- the outlet temperature of the first catalyst part is mainly determined by the inlet temperature of the catalyst reaction chamber, the heat generated by partial oxidation in the first catalyst part, and the heat transferred from the second catalyst part. Therefore, in this method, the temperature is raised to a temperature at which the second reforming catalyst induces a partial oxidation reaction using the catalytic combustion in the first catalyst portion rich in low-temperature oxidation activity.
- the temperature at which the second reforming catalyst can partially oxidize is referred to, but the restriction below the auto-ignition temperature is still observed.
- oxidation of the mixed gas by the second reforming catalyst substantially starts and proceeds in the vicinity of the boundary between the first catalyst part and the second catalyst part (particularly in the vicinity of the inlet of the second catalyst part). That is, the conventional partial oxidation and steam reforming can proceed in the second catalyst part, and the first catalyst part has a function of appropriately setting the starting point of the partial oxidation and steam reforming proceeded in the second catalyst part. It will work as a part.
- a heat shielding layer having lower heat transfer characteristics than the first catalyst part is provided between the first catalyst part and the second catalyst part.
- the outlet temperature of the first catalyst part is set to be not less than the temperature at which the second catalyst undergoes partial oxidation and not more than the auto-ignition temperature.
- partial oxidation by the second catalyst proceeds, rapidly rises to a temperature at which steam reforming is possible, reaches the peak temperature, and then reaches an equilibrium lower than the peak temperature. Reach temperature.
- the reaction from the temperature at the inlet of the second catalyst portion to the peak temperature occurs very rapidly when the activity of the second catalyst is high, and peaks at the vicinity inside the inlet of the second catalyst portion. Reach temperature In some cases. In this situation, if the influence of the peak temperature leads to the temperature rise on the upstream side, or if the first and second catalyst parts are integrated together, the peak temperature position moves to the first catalyst part side and is unstable. There is a risk of a situation.
- a heat shielding layer is provided between the first catalyst part and the second catalyst part.
- the heat shielding layer is provided in this way, it is possible to suppress heat transfer from the second catalyst part to the outlet side of the first catalyst part, which is at a lower temperature than the catalyst part. It is possible to stably realize the temperature expected at the catalyst outlet (the temperature below the auto-ignition temperature and above the temperature at which the second catalyst undergoes partial oxidation).
- the first modified catalyst concentration by mixing an inactive member having no catalytic activity in the first catalyst portion.
- the first reforming catalyst a catalyst rich in low-temperature oxidation activity is employed as the first reforming catalyst, but the peak temperature appearing portion described above needs to be kept in the second catalyst portion. That is, it is necessary to suppress the heat generated at the first catalyst part to a calorific value at which the temperature at the outlet of the part becomes an appropriate value. Therefore, by mixing an inactive member in the first catalyst part and adjusting the amount of the first reforming catalyst and the inactive member (first reforming catalyst concentration), the first catalyst part outlet temperature is It can be adjusted to the target temperature.
- the outlet temperature of the first catalyst part is the auto-ignition temperature.
- the outlet temperature of the first catalyst part is the auto-ignition temperature in a normal operation state.
- the outlet temperature of the first catalyst part is set as high as possible, and the partial oxidation reaction in the original second catalyst part is performed.
- the steam reforming reaction is caused to occur quickly in the vicinity of the inlet of the second catalyst part, and the first catalyst part is preferably used.
- oxygen substantially remains as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. Therefore, for example, when ruthenium rich in oxidation activity is disposed at the entrance of the second catalyst section where the substantial reforming reaction starts, oxygen is present at a high temperature, so that ruthenium is deteriorated and scattered. Is likely to occur.
- the first catalyst part that is restricted to the auto-ignition temperature or lower is still in the low temperature range although the temperature tends to rise. As a result, even if ruthenium is used in this area, problems such as deterioration and scattering will not occur. That is, ruthenium having high low-temperature oxidation activity can be used effectively and suitably.
- the higher temperature with respect to the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and the dew point temperature of the mixed gas is the front chamber lower limit temperature
- the self-ignition temperature is the front chamber upper limit temperature
- the mixed gas used in the method for producing a hydrogen-containing gas according to the present application is mixed with water vapor, and its dew point becomes a problem.
- condensation may occur depending on the state of the mixed gas. If condensation occurs, it becomes an impediment to the catalytic reaction and a good gas flow cannot be secured. Therefore, regarding the state of the mixed gas, taking into account the dew point temperature, the gas state of the mixed gas is secured in the anterior chamber, so that a good operating state can be maintained.
- the higher temperature with respect to the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and the dew point temperature of the mixed gas is set as the front chamber lower limit temperature
- the self-ignition temperature is set as the front chamber upper limit temperature.
- the sulfur compound concentrations of the hydrocarbon-based fuel and the oxygen-containing gas be lppb or less.
- the peak temperature of the reaction occurring in the catalytic reaction chamber tends to increase.
- the reforming catalyst is ruthenium, by setting the sulfur compound concentration to lppb or less, it is possible to obtain a temperature at which the peak temperature in the catalytic reaction chamber is stabilized. Here, if it is less than lppb, it doesn't ask the lower limit. By reducing this concentration, deterioration of the reforming catalyst can be avoided.
- Ruthenium is known as a catalyst rich in low-temperature oxidation activity and rich in reforming activity.
- ruthenium is used in both parts at different concentrations.
- the case can be used as follows. That is, a mixing step in which an oxygen-containing gas is mixed in a mixing chamber with a raw material gas in which water vapor and hydrocarbon fuel are mixed, and the mixed gas obtained in the mixing chamber is provided on the upstream side of the catalytic reaction chamber. A hydrogen-containing gas that is led to the catalytic reaction chamber through the front chamber, and the mixed gas is brought into contact with the reforming catalyst to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas by a partial oxidation reaction and a steam reforming reaction.
- the catalyst reaction chamber is provided on the downstream side of the first catalyst part in which the ruthenium catalyst is disposed and the ruthenium catalyst in a higher concentration than the first catalyst part.
- the temperature at which the mixed gas self-ignites in the advection time required for the mixed gas to reach the catalytic reaction chamber from the mixing chamber is defined as the self-ignition temperature.
- the reforming catalyst causes the partial oxidation reaction.
- the lower limit temperature is set as a partial oxidation lower limit temperature
- the temperature of the front chamber is set to a temperature not lower than the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and lower than the autoignition temperature, and the mixed gas is introduced into the catalyst reaction chamber.
- the first catalyst part outlet temperature is equal to or lower than the self-ignition temperature.
- the concentration is set to a temperature that is equal to or higher than the temperature at which partial oxidation occurs in the second catalyst part, and a heat shielding layer having lower heat transfer characteristics than the first catalyst part is provided between the first catalyst part and the second catalyst part. It shall be.
- the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus includes a mixing chamber that mixes an oxygen-containing gas with a raw material gas in which water vapor and a hydrocarbon-based fuel are mixed, and a mixed gas obtained in the mixing chamber is a front chamber.
- An apparatus for producing a hydrogen-containing gas comprising: a catalytic reaction chamber guided through a gas; and contacting the mixed gas with a reforming catalyst to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas by a partial oxidation reaction and a steam reforming reaction,
- the catalytic reaction chamber is provided on the downstream side of the first catalyst part where the inlet side force ruthenium catalyst is provided, and the ruthenium catalyst is provided in a higher concentration than the first catalyst part.
- a temperature at which the mixed gas self-ignites in the advection time required for the mixed gas to reach the catalytic reaction chamber from the mixing chamber is defined as a self-ignition temperature, and the first reforming is performed.
- Lower temperature at which the catalyst undergoes the partial oxidation reaction The ruthenium in the first catalyst section is provided with a front chamber temperature setting means for setting the temperature of the front chamber to a temperature not lower than the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and lower than the autoignition temperature.
- the concentration of the catalyst, the temperature of the anterior chamber is the part In a state where the temperature is set to be equal to or higher than the oxidation lower limit temperature and lower than the self-ignition temperature, the outlet temperature of the first catalyst part is set to a concentration that is equal to or lower than the self-ignition temperature and equal to or higher than the temperature causing partial oxidation in the second catalyst part.
- the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus is provided with a heat shielding layer having lower heat transfer characteristics than the first catalyst part between the first catalyst part and the second catalyst part.
- the concentration is set by mixing inactive members having no catalytic activity.
- the mixed gas flowing in the front chamber is defined as a front chamber lower limit temperature that is higher than the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and the dew point temperature of the mixed gas, and the self-ignition temperature is a front chamber upper limit temperature.
- Fig. 1 shows a GTL (Gas-) equipped with a hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1 according to the present application on the upstream side of an FT synthesis reactor (denoted as FT reactor in the drawing) 2 using hydrogen-containing gas as one raw gas.
- the production process 3 is shown.
- this system 3 includes the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1 of the present application provided upstream of the FT synthesis reactor 2, and the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1 includes natural gas and the like.
- the hydrocarbon fuel f, steam s and oxygen o, which is an oxygen-containing gas, are supplied.
- the hydrogen-rich gas h is sent to the FT synthesis reactor 2.
- hydrocarbon fuels include gas, alcohol, ethereal, LPG, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, heavy oil, oils, oil sand oil, coal liquefied oil, shale oil, waste plastics. Oil and biofuel can be used.
- the processing system for the hydrocarbon-based fuel f will be described.
- the hydrocarbon-based fuel f is desulfurized to lppb or less by the desulfurization apparatus 4, and then steam s is added to obtain the raw material gas fl referred to in the present application.
- Oxygen o as an oxygen-containing gas is further added to this source gas fl as shown in FIG. They are mixed and introduced into a single catalytic reaction chamber 5.
- a reforming catalyst cl capable of generating an autothermal reforming reaction is disposed in the catalytic reaction chamber 5 with respect to the mixed gas f2 in which the hydrocarbon fuel f, the steam s, and the oxygen o are mixed. .
- a partial oxidation reaction mainly occurs at the inlet side portion, and a steam reforming reaction mainly occurs at the downstream side.
- a noble metal catalyst such as ruthenium, platinum, nickel oleore or rhodium is preferably used.
- the reason why the reforming catalyst cl is divided into two groups is that, in the present application, the mixed gas temperature in the front chamber 9 is set to a temperature lower than the auto-ignition temperature T3. This is because the temperature rise from the temperature at the second reforming catalyst to the temperature at which the second reforming catalyst can oxidize is induced by the first reforming catalyst cla to stabilize as much as possible in the state of the front chamber 9.
- ruthenium is used as the first reforming catalyst dl rich in low-temperature oxidation activity and also used as the second reforming catalyst dl rich in reforming activity.
- the reason for treating ruthenium as the first reforming catalyst and the second reforming catalyst is that the same ruthenium is used as the first contact in the system that performs partial oxidation / steam reforming based on the experiment of the inventors. This is because it was found that by using the medium part and the second catalyst part at different concentrations, good and stable operation is possible at a relatively low level and peak temperature.
- These catalysts are not particularly limited in the shape of the support, but are preferably a support mainly composed of one selected from alumina, zirconia, silica, titania, magnesia, and force Lucia. However, it is preferable to use it in the form of a honeycomb, which is supported on this carrier and used in the form of tablets, spheres or rings.
- a typical example of the production of this type of catalyst will be described with respect to the case where ruthenium is supported on an alumina support.
- a spherical alumina support (4 to 6 mm) is immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium ruthenium in the air. After drying at 80 ° C for 2 hours, immobilization (treatment with aqueous NaOH), reduction (treatment with hydrogen), washing (90 ° C temperature treatment), drying (80 ° C in air) Can be prepared.
- chloroplatinic acid, rhodium nitrate, nickel nitrate, and rhodium chloride are used instead of ruthenium chloride. It can be prepared by baking for 1 hour.
- the supporting rate can be, for example, 3.0% by mass (wt%), and the catalyst is dispersed in a 30% by mass colloidal silica solution as silica to form a catalyst slurry.
- the catalyst slurry is 400 cells, diameter 24 m ⁇ , long Can be supported on a 2cm cordierite honeycomb. The catalyst slurry was dipped into these and calcined in air at 500 ° C. for 1 hour. The supported amount is 3g of precious metal per honeycomb volume ldm 3 (liter).
- the loading rate is set to a value lower than 3.0% by mass.
- the introduction of the mixed gas f2 into the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is made favorable so that the autothermal reforming reaction occurs favorably in the catalytic reaction chamber 5.
- the favorable generation of reaction means that a partial oxidation reaction starts only in the vicinity of the inlet 5a, and that there is no generation of carbon in the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is an important requirement.
- the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is arranged in a vertical vertical direction, and a raw material gas f 1 (a gas obtained by mixing water vapor s with a hydrocarbon fuel f) is supplied from the upper side.
- the mixed gas f2 which is supplied and mixed with oxygen o, is introduced from the inlet 5a provided on the upper side of the catalytic reaction chamber 5, finishes the reforming reaction, and from the lower side of the catalytic reaction chamber 5 to the FT synthesis reactor 2 side sent the hydrogen-rich gas h force s to.
- the first embodiment and the second embodiment are shown as the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1.
- This hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1 is configured to desulfurize the hydrocarbon-based fuel f described above, It is configured to take steps up to steam addition, oxygen mixing and reforming.
- FIG. 2 shows a specific configuration of the raw material gas chamber 7, the mixing chamber 8, the front chamber 9, and the catalytic reaction chamber 5 in this apparatus 1. Since the present application is characterized by the configuration of the front chamber 9 and its usage, only the upper side of the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is shown in FIG. The outlet provided at the lower side of the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 2a of the FT synthesis reactor 2 via the outlet 5b through the connecting pipe 5c.
- the desulfurization chamber 6 is provided with a desulfurization catalyst c2 such as a copper-zinc high-order desulfurization catalyst in which a hydrodesulfurization catalyst (NiMox, CoMox, etc.), an adsorbent desulfurization agent (ZnO), copper oxide, zinc oxide, etc. are mixed.
- a desulfurization catalyst c2 such as a copper-zinc high-order desulfurization catalyst in which a hydrodesulfurization catalyst (NiMox, CoMox, etc.), an adsorbent desulfurization agent (ZnO), copper oxide, zinc oxide, etc. are mixed.
- the sulfur compound concentration is reduced to lppb or less.
- silver-based catalysts as well as desulfurization catalysts containing nickel, chromium, mangan, iron, cobalt, palladium, iridium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, gold, etc. can be used. is there.
- the hydrocarbon-based fuel f that has undergone desulfurization is added with steam s that is supplied via a steam supply pipe 10 separately.
- the amount of water vapor s relative to the hydrocarbon-based fuel f is from 0.:! To 3.0 (preferably, with the ratio of water vapor H 2 O to carbon C contained in the fuel as a molar ratio [H 0 / C].
- the temperature at this standpoint is about 200 to 400 ° C (preferably 200 to 300 ° C).
- the gas thus obtained is referred to as a raw material gas fl.
- oxygen o is also supplied to the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1 of the present application. It is also possible to supply the raw material gas fl or its constituent gas, hydrocarbon fuel f, steam s or purge gas p such as inert gas. These gas forces are appropriately reacted in the reforming unit 11 described in detail below.
- the reforming unit 11 includes a source gas chamber 7, a mixing chamber 8 and a front chamber 9 on the upper side of the unit, and a catalytic reaction chamber 5 on the lower side.
- the upper side of the reforming unit 11 has a substantially double-pipe structure, and is configured such that the purge gas p can be supplied to the lower region of the front chamber 9 through the inner pipe 11a.
- a thermocouple tl for temperature measurement is arranged in the inner pipe 11a so as to extend to the middle part of the front chamber, and the representative temperature (inlet temperature) of the front chamber 9 is set. It is configured to be measurable.
- the raw material gas chamber 7 has an inlet 7a into which the raw material gas fl mixed with water vapor s is introduced, an intermediate passage 7b in which the inlet 7a is opened, and a flow from the intermediate passage 7b.
- the passage section 7c has a large passage section.
- a mixing chamber 8 is provided on the lower side of the flow path expanding portion 7c.
- the mixing chamber 8 employs a so-called shell-and-tube type mixing structure, and the oxygen chamber 8b provided outside the flow path in the tube 8a into which the raw material gas fl flows from the flow path expanding portion 7c. From which oxygen o flows. Therefore, when oxygen o flows into the source gas fl, a mixed gas f2 in which the source gas fl and oxygen o are mixed can be formed in the tube 8a.
- the tube 8a is extended on the lower side beyond the separation distance between the partition plates 8c and 8c that divide the mixing chamber 8. By flowing down this flow path, sufficient mixing can be achieved. It is configured to obtain a state.
- the amount of oxygen o relative to the hydrocarbon-based fuel f is defined as 0 ⁇ 05 to: 1.0 (preferably 0. 0), where the molar ratio of oxygen O to carbon C contained in the fuel is [0 / C]. 3 ⁇ 0-7)
- the temperature at this site is about 200 to 400 ° C (preferably 200 to 300 ° C).
- the gas thus obtained is referred to as a mixed gas f 2 in the present application.
- the front chamber 9 is provided so as to serve as an adjustment chamber for the catalyst reaction chamber 5, and the introduction portion 9 a from which the tube 8 a described above is extended, and the introduction portion 9 a and the catalyst reaction chamber 5 are connected to each other. And an adjusting portion 9b provided therebetween.
- a tube 8a extends downward and extends into the introduction portion 9a.
- the mixed gas f2 is discharged from the tip of these tubes 8a.
- the outer peripheral portion 9c of the tube 8a is solid, and no gas stays there.
- the structure in which the purge gas p described above is supplied to the tip of the introduction portion 9a through the inner pipe 11a is adopted, and the mixed gas is supplied by the supply of the purge gas p and the solid structure outside the tube 8a. The rise and stay of f2 will not occur.
- the adjusting section 9b appropriately adjusts the temperature of the anterior chamber 9 at this portion, and slightly enlarges the flow of the mixed gas f2 flowing through the tube 8a, which is a relatively thin flow path. While mixing, smoothly introduce into the catalytic reaction chamber 5. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, in the gas flow path 9d through which the mixed gas f2 flows in the adjusting section 9b, the cross-sectional area is slightly increased and the gas flow velocity is decreased.
- the cross-sectional area of the flow path is such that the flow velocity of the mixed gas f2 in the mixing chamber 8 and the front chamber 9 is higher than the minimum flow velocity of the raw material gas fl in the raw material gas chamber 7.
- a configuration is adopted in which the residence time of the mixed gas f2 in this chamber is made as short as possible.
- a block 9e and a block 9f are provided on the upper side and the lower side of the adjustment unit 9b, respectively, with the gas flow path 9d of the adjustment unit 9b being formed.
- the reason for providing these materials is to prevent heat from the catalytic reaction chamber 5 from propagating to the upstream side and to provide good heat insulation. Therefore, a ceramic material such as alumina or silicon nitride is desirable as the material.
- a ceramic rope 9 g is installed at the outer diameter side portion of the block 9f, and the gas flows between the block 9f and the refractory material.
- a heat insulating material 9h having air permeability is disposed in the gas flow path 9d of the adjusting portion 9b, and the heat insulating and mixed unreacted gas at the boundary between the catalytic reaction chamber 5 and the front chamber 9 is provided. The prevention of convection is ensured.
- the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is a main part of the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1 according to the present application, and is a part where the reforming catalyst cl is disposed as described above.
- the catalytic reaction chamber 5 employs a unique configuration with respect to selection and distribution of the type of reforming catalyst disposed inside. For this distribution state, based on Fig. 3. explain.
- Figure 3 shows the gas flow direction on the horizontal axis (mixed gas flows from left to right), and the temperature and oxygen concentration on the vertical axis.
- the temperature of the mixed gas is indicated by a solid line along the temperature axis shown on the left side.
- the horizontal broken line indicates the partial oxidation lower limit temperature T1, the steam reforming lower limit temperature T2, the auto-ignition temperature T3, and the open air temperature ⁇ 4.
- the oxygen concentration is indicated by a one-dot chain line.
- the oxygen concentration is obtained in the mixing chamber in the front chamber and reaches the catalytic reaction chamber inlet 5a while maintaining the inlet concentration achieved in the front chamber inlet, and the second catalyst section clb It shows that almost all of it is consumed after passing the entrance.
- the catalytic reaction chamber 5 includes a first catalyst portion 50 in which a first reforming catalyst cla rich in low-temperature oxidation activity is disposed from the inlet 5a side, and the first catalyst portion 50
- a second catalyst unit 51 is provided which is connected to the downstream side and is provided with a second reforming catalyst clb rich in reforming activity.
- the first reforming catalyst cla is a ruthenium-based catalyst, a platinum-based catalyst, or a mixed catalyst thereof as shown in FIG.
- the second reforming catalyst clb is an Eckenole catalyst, a rhodium catalyst, or a mixed catalyst thereof.
- the first reforming catalyst cla in this example, loading of the second reforming catalyst clb is a first catalyst Le Teniumu, the second catalyst as Ekkenore, respectively is 3 mass 0/0.
- the temperature at the boundary B between the first catalyst part 50 and the second catalyst part 51 is The positional relationship is determined so that it is above the temperature at which an oxidation reaction can be induced and below the auto-ignition temperature.
- the total gas flow rate supplied to the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is 750h- 1 to 300000h in terms of gas space velocity per hour based on the amount of the first + second catalyst (however, in terms of standard conditions) — 1 (preferably lOOOOh— 1 to 300000h—more preferably 50000h— 1 to 300000h— ⁇ ).
- the apparatus of the present application has an appropriate reaction state in the front chamber 9 and the catalytic reaction chamber 5. It is configured to be
- the device 1 of the present application is devised to optimize the inlet temperature of the mixed gas f 2 to the catalytic reaction chamber 5.
- the gas flow path 9d of the mixed gas f2 is made relatively small, and the flow rate in the flow path 9d is increased so that the residence time of the mixed gas f2 in the front chamber 9 is reduced. Less than a certain time.
- heat insulation at the boundary between the catalytic reaction chamber 5 and the front chamber 9 is made high so that the temperature of the catalytic reaction chamber 5 does not affect the front chamber 9.
- the hardware side in the present application is to prevent the backflow and retention of the mixed gas f 2 by introducing the purge gas p into the front chamber 9.
- the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1 of the present application is provided with a control device 13 for controlling the reaction state, and the type and system of the hydrocarbon fuel f.
- the control device 13 is configured to monitor the amount and temperature of the water injected into the system, the amount and temperature of the steam s into the system, and the amount and temperature of oxygen o into the system.
- thermocouples tl, t2 inserted into the unit 11 from the upper and lower sides of the reforming unit 11 described above, and the inlet of the adjusting unit 9b of the front chamber 9 and The temperature at the outlet (the inlet 5a of the catalyst reaction chamber) and the temperature in the flow direction in the catalyst reaction chamber 5 can also be monitored.
- the amount of hydrogenated hydrocarbon fuel, the amount of water vapor, and the amount of oxygen input to the hydrogen-containing gas production device 1 can be adjusted.
- the control device 13 includes a lower limit temperature at which the first reforming catalyst cla causes a partial oxidation reaction.
- T1 the lower limit temperature at which the second reforming catalyst clb undergoes the steam reforming reaction is defined as the steam reforming lower limit temperature T2
- the catalyst from the mixing chamber 8 at a temperature not lower than the partial oxidation lower limit temperature T1 and lower than the steam reforming lower limit temperature T2.
- a temperature setting means 13a for setting the temperatures of the mixing chamber 8 and the front chamber 9 to a temperature lower than the self-ignition temperature with respect to the self-ignition temperature T3, which is a temperature at which f2 self-ignites.
- the higher temperature with respect to the partial oxidation lower limit temperature and the dew point temperature T4 of the mixed gas f2 is set as the front chamber lower limit temperature
- the autoignition temperature of the mixed gas f2 is set as the front chamber upper limit temperature.
- the temperature of the mixed gas f2 flowing through the front chamber 9 is maintained at a temperature lower than the upper limit temperature of the front chamber and higher than the lower limit temperature of the front chamber (described simply as temperature maintaining means in FIG. 1) 13b Is provided.
- the partial oxidation lower limit temperature is the lower limit temperature T1 at which the mixed gas f2 contacts the reforming catalyst cla and causes a partial oxidation reaction.
- the lower limit temperature T1 is determined by the first reforming catalyst cla stored in the catalytic reaction chamber 5. Determined. For example, when the reforming catalyst cla is a ruthenium-based catalyst as described above, the temperature is about 200 ° C, and when the first reforming catalyst cla is a platinum-based catalyst, it is also about 200 ° C. Accordingly, the storage means 13c provided in the control device 13 stores and stores the partial oxidation lower limit temperature, and the control device 13 is configured so that the partial oxidation lower limit temperature T1 can be appropriately read and used.
- the dew point temperature T4 of the mixed gas is determined according to the input amounts of the hydrocarbon fuel f, water vapor s, and oxygen o. Therefore, dew point temperature data according to the input amount of each gas is stored in the storage means 13c, and by using this data, the dew point temperature T4 of the mixed gas f2 present in the front chamber 9 at present is calculated. Therefore, it can be estimated from the input amount of each gas.
- the self-ignition temperature T3 of the mixed gas f2 existing in the front chamber 9 is determined by the composition of the mixed gas f2 in the front chamber 9 and the residence time in the front chamber 9 (this residence time is the oxygen o in the mixing chamber 8). Is the time from exiting the mixing chamber 8 to reaching the inlet 5a of the catalytic reaction chamber 5, and in this case, passing through the tube on the outlet side of the mixing chamber 8 to the inlet 5a of the catalytic reaction chamber 5. It means the required advection time of the mixed gas f2).
- the self-ignition temperature T3 according to the composition state of the mixed gas f2 that is ignited for the first time during the residence time is stored in the storage means 13c, and the upper limit temperature can be obtained at this temperature.
- Figure 4 shows the relationship between the residence time (shown as “ignition delay time” in the figure) and the autoignition temperature T3 (shown as “mixed gas temperature” in the figure) for the mixed gas f2. is there.
- the figure shows that the mixed gas f2 is a hydrocarbon-based fuel, natural gas, [N ZC], [ ⁇ / C]
- 2 2 are (0.6 to 1.0) and (0.1 or 0.4), respectively.
- the pressure of the mixed gas in this state is 4 MPa.
- the combustion reaction is limited by the collision frequency of the mixed gas, and the actual frequency factor depends on the diameter and degree of freedom of the molecule, but the collision frequency of H 2 O is assumed to be 1.
- N is about 0.7 to 0.8. Therefore, in the example in the figure, nitrogen gas is replaced with water vapor.
- the temperature setting means 13a more specifically, the front chamber mixed gas temperature maintaining means 13b, according to the method described above, the hydrocarbon fuel input amount, water vapor input Adjust the amount, oxygen input, etc. to ensure good operating condition.
- the temperature of the mixed gas f2 in the front chamber 9 is set to the upper limit temperature of the front chamber and the front chamber. The temperature is controlled according to the temperature of the catalytic reaction chamber 5 within the range of the lower limit temperature. In this way, a stable and proper operating state can be maintained.
- the object when a temperature raising operation is necessary, the object can be achieved by increasing the amount of oxygen while keeping the amount of hydrocarbons constant or decreasing the amount of water vapor.
- the temperature lowering operation when the temperature lowering operation is necessary, it can be reduced by decreasing the oxygen amount or increasing the water vapor amount. Aim can be achieved.
- ruthenium (supporting rate 0.7% by mass) was used as the first catalyst, and nickel (supporting rate 10% by mass) was used as the second catalyst.
- Front chamber inlet temperature Temperature higher than 200 ° C and lower than 300 ° C
- Catalytic reaction chamber inlet temperature Temperature higher than 200 ° C and lower than 300 ° C
- the partial oxidation lower limit temperature of the second catalyst is 250 ° C.
- a gas flow path having substantially the same diameter as the tube extending from the mixing chamber is provided in the adjustment section of the front chamber, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is passed through the tube and the gas flow path.
- the residence time is shortened by maintaining the gas flow rate relatively high, and the mixed gas is introduced into the catalytic reaction chamber.
- a combined channel 90 may be provided downstream from the outlet of the tube, and the mixed gas f 2 may flow into the catalytic reaction chamber 5 via the combined channel 90.
- the cross-sectional area of this combined flow path 90 can realize a flow velocity that reaches the catalyst layer within a residence time that is realized in that portion, less than the self-ignition delay time. In this way, the properties of the mixed gas f 2 can be made uniform, and the mixed gas f 2 in the vicinity of the inlet of the catalytic reaction chamber 5 can be diffused in the cross-sectional direction of the catalytic reaction chamber.
- the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus is provided with the temperature setting means 13a and the front chamber mixed gas temperature maintaining means 13b, and positively inputs water vapor and oxygen to the hydrocarbon fuel.
- the amount was controlled and the reaction in the catalytic reaction section was maintained in an appropriate state, but when the normal operation state was almost confirmed, the reforming unit 11 described above in each chamber 7, 8, 9 Since the flow velocity is substantially determined, the flow path cross-sectional configuration may be configured so that the temperature of the mixed gas in the front chamber 9 is appropriate.
- the dew point is determined, and therefore the anterior chamber lower limit temperature referred to in the present application is determined.
- the mixed gas f2 is transferred from the mixing chamber 8 to the catalyst reaction chamber 5 depending on the shape of the gas flow path 9d of the adjustment portion 9b on the downstream side of the tube 8a through which the mixed gas f2 flows.
- the maximum residence time to reach is determined. Therefore, the relationship between the temperature and residence time of the mixed gas shown in FIG. 4 as described above is obtained in advance, and even when the mixed gas f2 stays in the front chamber for the maximum residence time described above,
- the object of the present application can be achieved by setting the temperature at which the gas f 2 does not self-ignite as the front chamber upper limit temperature.
- the temperature of the mixed gas in the front chamber is controlled according to the representative temperature of the catalytic reaction chamber. Since it is sufficient if an oxidation reaction can be generated, the temperature of the mixed gas in the front chamber is guided to the lower limit temperature side of the front chamber in order to constitute the control of the temperature setting means 13a and the temperature maintaining means 13b of the front chamber mixed gas described above. It can also be configured as follows. In this case, generation of a partial oxidation reaction required for reforming can be ensured.
- FIG. 6 shows such an example, in which a flame arrester 60 is disposed at the tip of the tube 8a, and the inner wall 61 of the gas flow path 9d and the stagnation part 62 are used for preventing flame propagation. Gold coating w is applied. Even in this way, it is possible to prevent the flame formation in the anterior chamber 9 from propagating.
- FIG. 7 shows the overall structure of the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1 of this embodiment, and the diagrams corresponding to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment correspond to FIGS. 8, 9, and 3.
- Figure 10 shows.
- the purge gas p is not used in the reforming unit 5 in this example.
- the processes up to desulfurization, steam addition, oxygen mixing and reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel f described in the first embodiment are basically the same.
- the desulfurization is performed in the desulfurization chamber 6 and the sulfur compound concentration is desulfurized to lppb or less.
- a raw material gas fl obtained by mixing steam s with hydrocarbon fuel f delivered from the desulfurization chamber 6 is generated.
- the amount of water vapor s relative to hydrocarbon fuel f is 0.:! To 3 ⁇ 0 (preferably 0) with the ratio of water vapor H0 to carbon C contained in the fuel as the molar ratio [H0 / C]. .:! ⁇ 1
- the temperature at this part is 200-400.
- About C (preferably 200 to 300, C).
- FIG. 8 and 9 show specific configurations of the source gas chamber 7, the mixing chamber 8, the front chamber 9, and the catalytic reaction chamber 5 in the apparatus 1. Since the present embodiment is characterized in the configuration of the front chamber 9 and the catalytic reaction chamber 5 and the usage pattern thereof, only the upper side of the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is shown in FIG.
- the outlet provided on the lower side of the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 2a of the FT synthesis reactor 2 through the outlet 5b through the connecting pipe 5c.
- the reforming unit 110 in this example has a structure that does not generate a single-nozzle-type circulation flow, and a baffle 111 is provided in the premixing zone to quickly And the raw material gas fl can be mixed uniformly.
- the reforming unit 110 includes a source gas chamber 7, a mixing chamber 8, and a front chamber 9 on the upper side of the unit, and a catalytic reaction chamber 5 on the lower side. Yes.
- the upper side of the reforming unit 110 has a substantially double-pipe structure, and is configured so that oxygen gas o can be supplied to the mixing chamber 8 and the front chamber 9 through the inner tube 110a.
- thermocouples tl and t2 for temperature measurement are respectively arranged at the lower part of the inner pipe 110a and the lower part of the raw material gas chamber 7, and the representative temperature (inlet temperature) of the inner pipe and the front chamber 9 is provided. Is configured to be measurable.
- the representative temperatures measured by these thermocouples tl and t2 are used for temperature setting and temperature maintenance on the control device 13 side.
- the source gas chamber 7 has an inlet 7a into which the source gas fl mixed with water vapor s is introduced, an intermediate passage portion 7b in which the inlet port 7a is opened, and a flow from the intermediate passage portion 7b.
- the passage section 7c has a large passage section.
- a mixing chamber 8 is provided on the lower side of the flow path expanding portion 7c.
- the mixing chamber 8 has a single-nozzle baffle type mixing structure, and oxygen gas o enters the mixing chamber 8 through the raw material gas fl and the inner pipe 110a from the flow path expanding portion 7c. It is possible to form a mixed gas f 2 that is uniformly mixed by hitting the deployed baffle type collision plates 80 and 81.
- the collision plates 80 and 81 are provided at a predetermined interval, and the mixed gas f2 repeats collision and diffusion to obtain a desired uniform mixed state.
- a pair of upper and lower collision plates 80 sandwiching a collision plate 81 disposed in the middle includes a plurality of (eight illustrated) flow holes 80a on the outer diameter side. It is provided.
- the collision plate 81 disposed in the middle has a flow hole 8 la in the center.
- the amount of oxygen o relative to the hydrocarbon-based fuel f is 0.05 to 1.0 (preferably 0.3), where the ratio of oxygen O to carbon C contained in the fuel is [0 ZC] in molar ratio. ⁇ 0.7)
- the temperature at this site is about 200 to 400 ° C (preferably 200 to 300 ° C).
- the gas thus obtained is referred to as a mixed gas f 2 in the present application.
- the front chamber 9 is provided so as to serve as an adjustment chamber for the catalytic reaction chamber 5, and includes an alumina ball layer 9c for further mixing and adjusting the mixed gas f2 supplied from the mixing chamber 8 described above.
- Introducing portion 9a and adjusting portion 9b provided with block 9e are configured so that the introducing portion 9a appropriately adjusts the temperature of the front chamber 9 at this portion and mixes the mixture flowing through the mixing chamber 8.
- Gas f2 is further mixed while expanding the flow path, and smoothly introduced into the catalytic reaction chamber 5 in a ring shape. Accordingly, as shown in the figure, the flow path of the mixed gas f2 is enlarged in the adjusting portion 9a, and the gas flow velocity is reduced.
- the flow flowing into the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is a double cylindrical flow of the central flow FI and the peripheral flow F0. Is introduced into the catalyst reaction chamber 5 as follows.
- the flow rate of the mixed gas f2 in the mixing chamber 8 and the front chamber 9 is higher than the minimum flow rate of the raw material gas fl in the raw material gas chamber 7.
- a cross-sectional area is set, and a configuration is adopted in which the residence time of the mixed gas f2 in this chamber is made as short as possible.
- the block 9e described above plays the role of determining the flow, and is intended to prevent heat from the catalytic reaction chamber 5 from propagating to the upstream side and to provide good heat insulation. . Therefore, a ceramic material such as alumina or silicon nitride is desirable as a material. In the figure, a small-diameter alumina ball is installed on the outer diameter side portion of the block 9e so that the gas flow rate between the block 9f and the refractory material does not decrease.
- alumina balls are also disposed in the gas flow path 9d of the adjusting portion 9b, and heat insulation at the boundary between the catalytic reaction chamber 5 and the front chamber 9 and prevention of convection of mixed unreacted gas are ensured. ing.
- the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is a part that is a main part of the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus 1 according to the present application, and is a part where the reforming catalyst dl is disposed.
- the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is used to select and distribute the type of reforming catalyst disposed inside. A unique structure is adopted. This distribution state will be described with reference to FIG.
- Figure 10 shows the gas flow direction on the horizontal axis (mixed gas flows from left to right) and the temperature on the vertical axis.
- the temperature of the mixed gas is shown by a solid line along the temperature axis shown on the left side.
- the horizontal broken line indicates the partial oxidation lower limit temperature T1, the steam reforming lower limit temperature T2, the auto-ignition temperature T3, and the outdoor temperature ⁇ 4.
- the catalytic reaction chamber 5 includes a first catalyst section in which the third reforming catalyst dl rich in low-temperature oxidation activity and rich in reforming activity is disposed at a low concentration from the inlet 5a side. 50, a heat shielding layer 55 provided on the downstream side of the first catalyst unit 50 and provided with alumina balls, and the third reforming catalyst dl disposed at a higher concentration than the first catalyst unit 50.
- the second catalyst part 51 is provided.
- the third reforming catalyst dl is a ruthenium catalyst as shown in FIG.
- a catalyst disposed at a low concentration in the first catalyst portion 50 is referred to as a “first reforming catalyst”, and a catalyst disposed at a high concentration in the second catalyst portion 51 is referred to as a “second reforming catalyst”. Called “catalyst”.
- the supporting rate of the first reforming catalyst is 0.014% by mass, and the supporting rate of the second reforming catalyst is 0.7 to 3% by mass.
- the catalyst concentration of the first catalyst part 50 (the amount of catalyst per unit volume) is in a state of being lower than that of the second catalyst part 51.
- the distribution in the flow direction of the first catalyst unit 50 and the second catalyst unit 51 will be described.
- the temperature of the portion at the first catalyst unit outlet 50 ⁇ is equal to or lower than the self-ignition temperature.
- the position (position in the flow direction) relationship is determined so that the temperature becomes higher than the temperature at which the second catalyst starts partial oxidation.
- the total gas flow rate supplied to the catalytic reaction chamber 5 is 750h- 1 to 300000h in terms of gas space velocity per hour based on the amount of the first + second catalyst (however, in terms of standard conditions) — 1 (preferably 10000h— 1 to 300000h—more preferably 50000h— 1 to 300000h— ⁇ ).
- the reaction pressure can be changed depending on the application. As shown in the examples, when used for synthesizing liquid fuel such as GTL, it is used at about 2 to 7 MPa. On the other hand, used for hydrogen production for fuel cells In this case, use near normal pressure (for example, IMPa or less).
- T 50 ⁇ can be controlled to a temperature equal to or lower than the auto-ignition temperature and at which partial oxidation starts at the second catalyst portion 51.
- the second catalyst portion 51 partial oxidation starts from the vicinity of the inlet, reaches a temperature at which the steam reforming reaction proceeds in the vicinity of the inlet through a predetermined temperature rise, and further reaches a peak temperature. .
- the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the first catalyst part outlet 50 ⁇ and the second catalyst part inlet 51i becomes higher in accordance with the directional force toward the downstream side as shown in FIG.
- the heat shielding layer 55 provided between the first catalyst part 50 and the second catalyst part 51, heat transfer from the second catalyst part inlet 51i side to the first catalyst part outlet 50 ⁇ side.
- the temperature of the first catalyst unit 50 is maintained below the auto-ignition temperature only by providing the heat shielding layer 55 with a short layer thickness in the flow direction, and at the second catalyst unit inlet 51i, It was possible to reliably perform partial oxidation with a catalyst and subsequent steam reforming.
- the experimental equipment simulating the catalytic reaction chamber 5 including the first catalyst part 50, the heat shielding layer 55 and the second catalyst part 51 of the second embodiment, and the heat shielding layer 55 are provided.
- the first catalyst portion 50, the heat shielding layer 55, and the second catalyst portion 51 are schematically shown on the lower side.
- Front chamber inlet temperature Temperature higher than 200 ° C and lower than 300 ° C
- Catalytic reaction chamber inlet temperature Temperature higher than 200 ° C and lower than 300 ° C
- the lower limit temperature for partial oxidation of the second catalyst was 200 ° C. Under these conditions, the catalyst was operated with a loading ratio of the first catalyst of 0.014 mass% and a loading ratio of the second catalyst of 0.7 mass%. The amount of hydrogen, which was approximately 0% by mass at the inlet, could be increased to 40% by mass at the reaction chamber outlet by the reforming reaction.
- FIG. 11 shows the temperature distribution when the loading ratio of the first reforming catalyst is changed when the same catalytic reaction chamber structure as that of the second embodiment is adopted.
- the loading rate of the first reforming catalyst As the loading rate of the first reforming catalyst, the loading rate of the ruthenium catalyst is 0.007% by mass, 0.0%. It was changed to 14% by mass and 0.035% by mass.
- the heat shielding layer 55 was provided with alumina balls, and the ruthenium catalyst loading was set to 0.7 mass% in the second catalyst portion. In this example, the carrier having the above-mentioned loading rate was placed in the corresponding part of 100%.
- the concentration (loading rate) of the catalyst disposed in the first catalyst part is low
- the low temperature state below the auto-ignition temperature is maintained until the first catalyst part outlet 50 ⁇ .
- the result on the higher concentration side shows that the temperature at the first catalyst section outlet 5 Oo is higher than the result on the lower concentration side. It can be seen that the partial oxidation reaction generated can be used well.
- the reaction gas composition when the ruthenium concentration was 0.014% by mass was examined for the gas composition on the side that entered 10 cm from the first catalyst inlet 50i. At this position, the H and CO concentrations increased. , 0, CH concentration decreased. Therefore, this slight increase in temperature is considered to have a significant difference.
- the partial oxidation reaction generated in the first catalyst unit 50 can be used satisfactorily by appropriately selecting the catalyst concentration.
- the highest concentration for example, the peak temperature is formed in the vicinity of the inlet of the first catalyst part, which is not preferable.
- the inventors also conducted an experiment in which an alumina ball having no catalytic activity was disposed in the first catalyst unit 50.
- the ruthenium concentration was 0.007% by mass. It was close.
- the concentration of the catalyst disposed in the first catalyst part was reduced to this concentration, the effect of heat conduction would be significant.
- the experimental example shown in FIG. 11 is an example in which a heat shielding layer 55 is provided between the first catalyst part 50 and the second catalyst part 51.
- the first catalyst part 50 and the second catalyst part 51 are connected without providing the heat shielding layer 55, and a catalyst having a ruthenium concentration of 0.007% by mass is arranged in the first catalyst part 50.
- the result of setting was shown. As can be seen, the peak temperature is formed in the vicinity of the inlet of the first catalyst part, which is not preferable.
- the catalyst concentration may be adjusted by mixing an inactive member having no catalytic activity, such as an alumina ball, in order to store the catalyst in each catalyst portion. That is, since the catalyst concentration of the first catalyst unit 50 is set lower than the catalyst concentration of the second catalyst unit 51, a catalyst having the same loading rate is used, and an alumina ball or the like is used on the first catalyst unit 50 side. May be set to an appropriate state by mixing an appropriate amount of the catalyst.
- FIG. 13 shows a configuration example of a GTL manufacturing process in which steam reforming according to Chemical Formula 2 and carbon dioxide reforming according to Chemical Formula 3 are performed, corresponding to FIG.
- the equipment configuration is the same as that shown in Fig. 1, but in the example shown in Fig. 1, the raw material gas fl was obtained by adding only the steam s to the hydrocarbon fuel f. In the example, steam s and carbon dioxide CO are also added.
- the state in the front chamber and the subsequent catalytic reaction chamber can be made as desired.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a GTL manufacturing process equipped with a hydrogen-containing gas manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 Diagram showing the relationship between the inlet temperature in the catalytic reaction chamber and the temperature in the catalytic reaction chamber
- FIG. 6 is a view showing an example in which flame propagation suppression means is provided in the front chamber configuration corresponding to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 7 is a GTL production port equipped with the hydrogen-containing gas production apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Diagram showing the configuration of a process
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an outline of the upper structure of the reforming unit in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing details of the inlet portion of the reforming unit in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the inlet temperature in the catalytic reaction chamber and the temperature in the catalytic reaction chamber in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the catalyst concentration in the first catalyst part and the temperature distribution.
- FIG. 12 Diagram showing experimental results when no heat shielding layer is provided.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another embodiment when carbon dioxide reforming is performed together with steam reforming.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2006258625A AU2006258625B2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen-containing gas |
| BRPI0611970-0A BRPI0611970B1 (pt) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | Process and apparatus for the manufacture of gas containing hydrogen |
| JP2007521284A JP5017112B2 (ja) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | 水素含有ガスの製造方法及び装置 |
| US11/922,032 US8361433B2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen-containing gas |
| EP06757268A EP1905736A4 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN-BASED GAS |
| US13/652,498 US8679205B2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2012-10-16 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen-containing gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005-172456 | 2005-06-13 | ||
| JP2005172456 | 2005-06-13 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/922,032 A-371-Of-International US8361433B2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen-containing gas |
| US13/652,498 Continuation US8679205B2 (en) | 2005-06-13 | 2012-10-16 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen-containing gas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006134887A1 true WO2006134887A1 (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
Family
ID=37532249
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/311783 Ceased WO2006134887A1 (ja) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | 水素含有ガスの製造方法及び装置 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8361433B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1905736A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5017112B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2006258625B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0611970B1 (ja) |
| MY (1) | MY161064A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006134887A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200800299B (ja) |
Cited By (5)
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| WO2009017244A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-02-05 | Jgc Corporation | ガス混合装置及び合成ガス製造装置 |
| JP2009179504A (ja) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-13 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料改質装置 |
| WO2009154128A1 (ja) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-23 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | ルテニウム触媒反応装置の運転方法 |
| JP2010285312A (ja) * | 2009-06-11 | 2010-12-24 | Hitachi Aic Inc | 水素発生装置 |
| JPWO2017188395A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-03-07 | 日揮株式会社 | 流体調整装置 |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2919118B1 (fr) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-11-27 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de generation d'electricite et d'hydrogene comportant un reformeur hybride |
| AT507405B1 (de) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-10-15 | Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh | Verfahren zum betreiben von brennstoffzellensystemen mit reformern bei flüssiggas-luft-beimischung |
| WO2013034934A1 (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-03-14 | Compactgtl Limited | Catalytic method using a plate-type reactor |
| JP5848197B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-12 | 2016-01-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池モジュール |
| JP5815476B2 (ja) | 2012-06-12 | 2015-11-17 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池モジュール |
| US20140170038A1 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-19 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Fuel reformer with thermal management |
| US9968906B2 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2018-05-15 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Reforming with oxygen-enriched matter |
| US11952275B1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2024-04-09 | The Government Of The United States, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Methods and systems for distributed reforming of hydrocarbon fuels for enhanced hydrogen production |
| RU2740755C1 (ru) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-01-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Самара" | Способ получения водородсодержащего газа из природного газа и перегретого пара и устройство для его осуществления |
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| JP5492078B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-16 | 2014-05-14 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | ルテニウム触媒反応装置の運転方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130164180A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| AU2006258625A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
| BRPI0611970A2 (pt) | 2010-10-13 |
| MY161064A (en) | 2017-04-14 |
| EP1905736A1 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| US8679205B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
| JP5017112B2 (ja) | 2012-09-05 |
| ZA200800299B (en) | 2008-12-31 |
| US20090212259A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
| AU2006258625B2 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
| JPWO2006134887A1 (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
| BRPI0611970B1 (pt) | 2017-09-12 |
| US8361433B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
| EP1905736A4 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
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