WO2009021255A2 - Dispositif de combustion d'éléments combustibles solides - Google Patents

Dispositif de combustion d'éléments combustibles solides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009021255A2
WO2009021255A2 PCT/AT2008/000283 AT2008000283W WO2009021255A2 WO 2009021255 A2 WO2009021255 A2 WO 2009021255A2 AT 2008000283 W AT2008000283 W AT 2008000283W WO 2009021255 A2 WO2009021255 A2 WO 2009021255A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control
fuel
combustion air
combustion chamber
flap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AT2008/000283
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009021255A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter Winkler
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2009021255A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009021255A2/fr
Publication of WO2009021255A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009021255A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/06Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface
    • F23B40/08Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface into pot- or trough-shaped grates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/12Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel being fed to the combustion zone by free fall or by sliding along inclined surfaces, e.g. from a conveyor terminating above the fuel bed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/16Over-feed arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/22Systems for controlling combustion with a time program acting through mechanical means, e.g. using cams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/181Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/08Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/12Measuring temperature room temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/08Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/16Measuring temperature burner temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for burning solid fuel elements, in particular of elongated fuel compacts having a round or polygonal cross section with at least five corners, comprising a combustion chamber and a storage space for holding a plurality of fuel elements.
  • Wood briquettes for example, are pressed from dry, untreated wood residues, such as wood shavings, under high pressure and without the addition of binders into uniformly large and hard briquettes. Due to this high compaction during briquetting, the natural product wood assumes roughly the burning behavior of lignite, but with the difference that the wood briquettes have a lower ash and sulfur content compared to fossil fuels. Furthermore, wood briquettes are characterized by a low water content of about 10%, resulting in a relatively high energy content of 4.8 kWh per kg.
  • Fuel pellets have also become known in the form of so-called wood pellets. These are wood fuel pressed into small rod-shaped pellets. Such wood pellets are fired in special pellet heaters. Wood Pellet Heaters work with different feeding techniques: currently the underfeed firing, the cross insert firing, the use of a roller grate system or the downpipe or pellet firing specially developed for pellet burning. In the underfeed firing, the pellets are pressed by means of a screw conveyor from below into a burning plate, burn there and the remaining ash falls over the edge of the plate in the underlying ash container. The transverse plug-in firing function similar to the underfeed firing, except that the fuel is pushed by a screw conveyor from the side to the burner plate.
  • the pellets fall from above onto several slowly rotating steel discs with a small clearance.
  • a scraper comb cleans the interspaces per revolution, so that the ashes can also fall through unhindered downwards and combustion air can be fed upwards.
  • the chute firing the pellets slip over a gully in a burner pot. Through the burner pot combustion area is fixed.
  • the stock of wood pellets is in large burners in silos, in small burners in bags.
  • the pellet stove can be filled manually and the tank and conveyor systems are unnecessary.
  • Another possibility is the delivery of pre-filled BigBags (large sacks with 1 to 2 m3 volume for up to two tons of weight).
  • these require suspension systems and lifting technology.
  • the present invention is particularly concerned with the combustion of elongated fuel pellets of round or polygonal cross-section having at least five corners.
  • elongated fuel pellets of round or polygonal cross-section having at least five corners.
  • Such mostly cylindrical fuel compacts for example, have a diameter of about 80-90 mm and a length of about 300 mm, the combustion device are usually supplied individually, with a further pressing is supplied only after burning of the previously supplied compact.
  • the supply of fuel pellets in this case thus significantly more complex and it would also be advantageous here to replace the manual feeders by appropriately automated feeders.
  • the present invention therefore aims to improve a device of the type mentioned for the combustion of solid fuel elements, in particular of elongated fuel press rings with round or polygonal cross-section to the effect that the feed with the fuel pellets is simplified.
  • the device of the type mentioned is characterized essentially by the fact that a fuel supply is provided for automatically supplying a respective fuel element from the storage space into the combustion chamber.
  • a fuel supply is provided for automatically supplying a respective fuel element from the storage space into the combustion chamber.
  • the training is preferably developed such that the fuel supply comprises a lock for detecting and transporting a single fuel element while retaining further fuel elements.
  • a lock ensures on the one hand an effective sealing of the combustion chamber with respect to the storage space and on the other hand a reliable supply of a single fuel element, while preventing that further fuel elements that are held in stock in the storage room, inadvertently reach the combustion chamber.
  • the lock can in this case be formed by a rotatably drivable drum whose shell has a recess for detecting a fuel element during rotation.
  • the in the coat of Drum formed recess may be adapted to the cross section of the supplied fuel elements, so that in fact only a single fuel element is certainly supplied.
  • the design can also be made such that the lock is formed by a rotatable drivable roller with a substantially circular sector-shaped cross section, wherein the circular sector has a central angle of 240-300 °, in particular 270 °.
  • the roller is formed of a plurality of substantially niksektorförmi- gene parallel slats that pass through corresponding slots of a downwardly sloping bottom of the feeder.
  • the fuel feed has a ramp inclined downwards in the direction of the Bennraum, which forms the bottom of the storage space.
  • the fuel element to be supplied in each case can roll downwards from the storage space into the combustion chamber under the influence of gravity, in which elongated fuel compacts with a round or polygonal cross section are used in the context of the present invention, so that the fuel compacts can rotate according to their longitudinal axis accordingly, while they are fed in each case by the feeder and in particular the lock in a controlled manner the fuel chamber.
  • a pivotable inlet flap is preferably arranged between the reservoir and the combustion chamber, which preferably carries an actuating arm for pivoting the inlet flap.
  • the inlet flap can be opened and closed in a controlled manner, wherein the inlet flap is preferably opened shortly before the fuel element from the reservoir into the combustion chamber and shortly thereafter closed again to minimize the amount of additionally introduced combustion air or to avoid uncontrolled air circulation
  • an ignition device is provided in the combustion chamber, which is preferably arranged on a pivotable lever.
  • the ignition device can be brought to the fuel element located on a grate in the combustion chamber, if necessary, wherein after switching on the ignition device, the fuel element is ignited. Thereafter, the ignition device is preferably pivoted away from the fuel element again in order to avoid destruction of the ignition device due to the high temperatures prevailing in the region of the burning fuel element.
  • a combustion air channel opening into the combustion chamber is preferably provided with a combustion air flap defining the flow cross section.
  • the combustion air flap can be pivotally mounted and carry an actuating arm for pivoting the combustion air flap, so that the flow cross-section of the combustion air duct can be adjusted in a simple manner by operating the lever.
  • a control device for controlling the movement of the inlet flap and / or the combustion air flap and / or the ignition device.
  • the control device can have a rotatably drivable control member, in particular control disk, with control stops which can be brought into operative connection during rotation with the actuating arm for the inlet flap and / or the pivoting lever of the ignition device and / or the actuating arm of the combustion air flap.
  • control member with the supply device in particular drum or roller, coupled, in particular fixed to this and be rotatable together with this.
  • the control member with the supply device in particular drum or roller, coupled, in particular fixed to this and be rotatable together with this.
  • the feeding device automatically in a defined sequence actuation of the inlet flap, the ignition device or the combustion air damper, so that the supply movement is directly coupled to the control of the inlet flap, the ignition device or the combustion air damper.
  • the time of actuation of the individual flaps or the ignition device can be defined in a defined order in a simple manner and be tuned to the controlled by the rotation of the drum or roller feeding the fuel element.
  • control disk carries two control stops, wherein the one control stop with the actuating arm for the inlet flap and the other control stop with the pivot lever of the ignition device and the actuating arm of the combustion air flap is operatively connected, so that with a number of only two control cams or control cam All functions of the device according to the invention can be set in motion.
  • control stops are designed as a cam (s).
  • the control disk carries markings that can be detected by sensors.
  • the markings can be formed by projections which can be detected by inductive sensors. Such a design is to be described as particularly fail-safe and reliable.
  • a control circuit is advantageously provided, which is connected to the drive of the feeder.
  • the control circuit is able to initiate the supply of a fuel element in response to various parameters, if different conditions are met.
  • the control circuit may in this case be connected, for example, to the sensors described above, so that the supply device can be driven as a function of the sensor signals.
  • the control can be designed, for example, such that the feed device is only driven when the sensors detect a predetermined starting position of the feed device. If the predetermined starting position is not given, the control circuit, the feeder is first placed in the start position or should this not be possible, issued an error message.
  • a combustion chamber temperature sensor is additionally provided, which is connected to the control circuit. About this combustion chamber temperature sensor, the end of the combustion of a fuel element can be detected and the combustion air damper are closed, after which the spent fuel element can continue to glow for some time.
  • a room temperature sensor may be provided which is connected to the control circuit.
  • the room temperature sensor measures the current temperature in the room to be heated, wherein after falling below a set target room temperature another firing pass is started, i. E. a further fuel element is supplied into the combustion chamber as soon as the previously supplied fuel element is burned off.
  • an air mass sensor for measuring the air mass flow through the combustion air duct which is connected to the control circuit, can preferably be provided.
  • the position of the combustion air flap can be regulated, wherein the desired combustion power can be set.
  • FIG. 1 shows a front view of a furnace for burning solid fuel elements
  • FIG. 2 shows a section according to line II-II of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a section according to line III-III of FIG
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show a detail view of the inlet flap control
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b show a detailed view of the firing element control
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b show a detailed view of the air flap control.
  • Fig.l is denoted by 1 a furnace having a combustion chamber and a supply chamber 3 shown in Fig.2. Furthermore, a grate 4 is provided, on which a schematically with 5 indicated solid fuel element rests.
  • a feed device 6 in the form of a lock is arranged between the storage space 3 and the combustion space 2, wherein the feed device has a drum 8 which can be driven to rotate about the axis 7. The operation of the fuel supply will be explained in more detail with reference to Figure 4 in the sequence.
  • a combustion air duct 9 opening into the combustion chamber 2 is provided, wherein an air mass sensor 10 measures the quantity of air flowing through the combustion air duct 9.
  • the flow cross-section of the combustion air duct 9 determines a combustion air flap 11, which is pivotally mounted about an axis 12 and has an actuating lever 13.
  • the actuating lever 13 cooperates with a control stop 14 on a control disk 15, so that the control can take place in a manner as will be explained in the following with reference to the detailed illustration in FIG.
  • an ignition device 16 is pivotally mounted, wherein the pivot axis is again denoted by 12 and coincides with the pivot axis for the pivoting of the combustion air flap 11.
  • an actuating lever 17 is provided, which also cooperates with the control stop 14.
  • an inlet flap 18 can also be seen, which separates the combustion chamber 2 from the reservoir 3 and which is arranged pivotable about an axis 19.
  • an actuating arm 20 is arranged, which can be brought into operative connection with a control stop 21 of the control disk 15, as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.
  • the sequence of feeding a fuel element 5 from the storage space 3 into the combustion chamber 2 is now shown schematically.
  • the fuel element 5 to be supplied is still completely in the storage space 3.
  • the fuel element 5 is stopped by the jacket of the drum 8, so that it initially remains in its original position in the storage space 3.
  • the fuel element 5 now passes into the region of the recess 24 in the shell of the drum 8, wherein it can be seen that in the embodiment shown here, the drum shell extends only over a circumference of a three-quarter circle so that the recess 24 extends over the circumference of a quarter circle.
  • the recess 24 is in this case dimensioned and adapted to the diameter of the supplied fuel element 5, that only a single fuel element 5 can be accommodated.
  • the fuel element to be supplied 5 is added during the further rotation of the drum 8 according to the arrow 23 in the recess 24 so that it is transported further in the feed direction, which from the illustrations in the Fig.4d and FIG. 4e shows that another fuel element 25 is subsequently stopped by the shell of the drum 8, so that it remains in the storage space 3.
  • the fuel element 5 as can be seen from Figure 4g, can emerge in the sequence of the recess 24 in the drum 8 and along the downwardly inclined bottom 26 of the feeder on the rust 4 can roll down.
  • the inlet flap 18 has an actuating arm 20, which interacts with a control stop 21 during the rotation of the control disk 15.
  • the starting position is shown in Fig.5a, in which the inlet flap
  • the control stop 21 is in this case arranged on the control disk 15 such that the inlet flap 18 is opened at a time just before the feed drum 8 releases the fuel element 5, ie approximately in a region as shown in FIGS. 4e and 4f.
  • control disk 15 has two markings or protrusions 27 and 28 whose presence is detected by the stationary inductive sensors 29 and 30.
  • the sensors 29 and 30 are in this case connected to a control circuit, not shown, wherein, for example, in the position shown in Figure 5a both the sensor 29 and the sensor 30 signals the presence of the projections 27 and 28, wherein such a signal means that the inlet flap 18 is closed.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b show the control of the ignition element 16.
  • the Zündelelement 16 is fixed to a pivotable about the pivot axis 12 lever, wherein the actuating arm is denoted by 17.
  • the actuating arm cooperates with a control stop 14 which is attached to the control disk 15.
  • the control stop 14 takes the actuating arm 17, so that the ignition element 16 is pivoted in the direction of arrow 31 in the position shown in Figure 6a to the grate 4 and thus below the fuel element 5. In this position, the fuel element 5 can be ignited by the ignition element 16.
  • the ignition element 16 can be pivoted away by gravity back to the original position in which it is stored at a greater distance from the grate 4 to destruction due to the large To avoid heat during the burning of the solid fuel element 5.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b show the control of the combustion air flap 11, which is pivotably mounted about the pivot axis 12.
  • a lever 13 is provided, which cooperates with the control stop 14, wherein a similar control as in Figure 6 was described with reference to the ignition element results.
  • the air flap 11 is open, so that the largest possible flow cross-section remains free in the air duct 9.
  • the air flap can be swiveled back into the position shown in FIG. 7b due to the dead weight of the flap 11.
  • each position between the position shown in Figure 7a and in Figure 7b can be assumed and maintained during the combustion process by the control disk 15 is stopped in the respective desired intermediate position to adjust the respective desired flow cross-section.
  • the device of the invention is characterized by a very simple structure, with a single engine controls all the essential processes, namely the fuel supply, the pivoting and retracting of the ignition element, the opening and closing of the inlet flap and the control of the combustion air damper.
  • the operation of the device is preferably as follows.
  • the oven starts to operate.
  • the chimney draft is checked by means of the air mass sensor and it is determined whether a take-off is permitted.
  • a combustion air blower for poor draft conditions of the chimney can be optionally controlled before the regulation.
  • the flap and the combustion air flap are automatically opened.
  • the previously swiveled ignition element is turned on.
  • the combustion chamber temperature sensor detects whether the fuel element is burning. When the fuel element burns, the ignition element is swung out.
  • the air mass sensor measures the combustion air and the combustion air damper is adjusted to the desired combustion performance.
  • the end of the burn-up of the fuel element is detected and the combustion air damper is closed. If, due to the room temperature sensor, a further burning pass is subsequently required, it will be started. In this case, the next fuel element is ignited by the remains of debris without turning on the ignition element. Otherwise, another firing will only take place after the room temperature has fallen below the setpoint.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de combustion d'éléments combustibles solides (5), en particulier des éléments combustibles allongés, pressés, à section ronde ou polygonale comportant au moins cinq angles. Ce dispositif comprend une chambre de combustion (2) et une chambre de stockage (3) pour conserver une pluralité d'éléments combustibles (5). Une amenée de combustible est prévue pour amener automatiquement un élément combustible (5) de la chambre de stockage (3) à la chambre de combustion (2).
PCT/AT2008/000283 2007-08-14 2008-08-11 Dispositif de combustion d'éléments combustibles solides Ceased WO2009021255A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1273/2007 2007-08-14
AT0127307A AT505521B1 (de) 2007-08-14 2007-08-14 Vorrichtung zum verbrennen von festbrennstoffelementen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009021255A2 true WO2009021255A2 (fr) 2009-02-19
WO2009021255A3 WO2009021255A3 (fr) 2009-07-16

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PCT/AT2008/000283 Ceased WO2009021255A2 (fr) 2007-08-14 2008-08-11 Dispositif de combustion d'éléments combustibles solides

Country Status (2)

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AT (1) AT505521B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009021255A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITVI20110031A1 (it) * 2011-02-18 2012-08-19 Nordica Spa Apparecchio riscaldante ad alimentazione automatica di combustibile solido, in particolare tronchetti di legna
FR2982931A1 (fr) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-24 Andre Ricci Dispositif de chauffage au bois alimente en continu
EP2602551A1 (fr) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-12 Erwin Koppe Keramische Heizgeräte GmbH Petite installation de combustion, notamment four de cheminée, foyer encastrable, ou four encastrable
BE1024267B1 (nl) * 2016-05-23 2018-01-16 V.F.M.Cvba Zelfregulerende haard

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT17915U1 (de) * 2018-10-04 2023-07-15 Leopold Hirtenlehner Heinz Verbrennungseinrichtung in Kombination mit einem Brennstoffpressling aus Wachs- Paraffin und Sägespänen

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE100989C (fr) *
DE3020324A1 (de) * 1980-05-29 1981-12-03 Fa. Emil Schallenberg, 4530 Ibbenbüren Heizkessel
FR2551843B1 (fr) * 1983-09-14 1989-08-18 Bouron Francis Dispositif d'alimentation automatique de chaudiere en combustible solide, notamment du bois en buches
JPS61153313A (ja) * 1984-12-26 1986-07-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 温風暖房器
SE503950C2 (sv) * 1994-09-01 1996-10-07 Kvaerner Pulping Tech Spjällanordning
US20060272557A1 (en) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-07 Freight Pipeline Company Method to feed biomass tablets and logs into burners
CA2530236C (fr) * 2005-12-15 2010-03-16 Mark Drisdelle Bruleur a combustion gazeifiant a cyclone haute efficacite pour la production d'energie thermique et dispositifs et methodes d'utilisation
AT502491B1 (de) * 2006-06-09 2007-04-15 Guetl Karl Ing Vorratsbehälter und ofen

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITVI20110031A1 (it) * 2011-02-18 2012-08-19 Nordica Spa Apparecchio riscaldante ad alimentazione automatica di combustibile solido, in particolare tronchetti di legna
EP2489941A1 (fr) * 2011-02-18 2012-08-22 La Nordica S.p.A. Appareil de chauffage alimenté automatiquement en combustible solide, particulièrement en bûches
FR2982931A1 (fr) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-24 Andre Ricci Dispositif de chauffage au bois alimente en continu
EP2597371A1 (fr) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-29 André Ricci Dispositif de chauffage au bois alimenté en continu
EP2602551A1 (fr) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-12 Erwin Koppe Keramische Heizgeräte GmbH Petite installation de combustion, notamment four de cheminée, foyer encastrable, ou four encastrable
BE1024267B1 (nl) * 2016-05-23 2018-01-16 V.F.M.Cvba Zelfregulerende haard

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009021255A3 (fr) 2009-07-16
AT505521A1 (de) 2009-02-15
AT505521B1 (de) 2009-11-15

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