WO2009080016A2 - Procédé pour modifier le diamètre d'un faisceau laser dans un plan d'usinage, et dispositif conçu à cet effet - Google Patents

Procédé pour modifier le diamètre d'un faisceau laser dans un plan d'usinage, et dispositif conçu à cet effet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009080016A2
WO2009080016A2 PCT/DE2008/002141 DE2008002141W WO2009080016A2 WO 2009080016 A2 WO2009080016 A2 WO 2009080016A2 DE 2008002141 W DE2008002141 W DE 2008002141W WO 2009080016 A2 WO2009080016 A2 WO 2009080016A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser beam
optical
processing
fiber
diameter
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2008/002141
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2009080016A3 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelm Meiners
Roman Ostholt
Heinrich Schleifenbaum
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of WO2009080016A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009080016A2/fr
Publication of WO2009080016A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009080016A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0613—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams having a common axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3598—Switching means directly located between an optoelectronic element and waveguides, including direct displacement of either the element or the waveguide, e.g. optical pulse generation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for changing a beam diameter of a laser beam in a working plane, in particular in the generative production of components, in which the laser beam is guided via an optical fiber to an optical system with which the laser beam used for processing on a focusing optics on the Processing level is addressed.
  • the invention also relates to an arrangement for machining a component or material with a laser beam, which enables such a method.
  • a main field of application of the invention is the additive production of components, also known under the terms rapid manufacturing or rapid prototyping.
  • components are built up layer by layer by adding material.
  • SLS Selective Laser Sintering
  • SLM Selective Laser Melting
  • Laser Cusing processes the material to be added in powder form.
  • the powder material is applied to a lowerable building platform in a thin layer of approx. 100 ⁇ m.
  • the powder layer is then selectively solidified by scanning with a laser beam according to the geometric data of the component to be produced, the area of the powder layer belonging to the corresponding component layer.
  • the action of the laser radiation melts or sinters the powder material in this area.
  • the construction platform is lowered by one layer thickness.
  • a new layer of powder is applied over it and again solidified.
  • a component is built up from the powder layer by layer.
  • Such generative manufacturing methods are used, for example, for the rapid production of prototypes, individual parts or small batches.
  • the generative process produces components which, due to their complex internal geometry, can not be produced by other processes, for example by machining or casting processes.
  • An example of this is the production of inserts for injection molds with internal contiguous cooling channels.
  • powder materials for example, metals, ceramics and plastics are used.
  • a focused laser beam is guided line by line according to the geometry of the layer to be built with a scanner over the powder layer.
  • the process parameters in particular layer thickness, laser power, beam diameter and scan speed, are chosen so that the best possible component quality with respect to the surface quality, the detail resolution and the density is achieved. These parameters generally result in a relatively low build-up rate. As a result, the manufacturing process is uneconomical for many applications.
  • the component is virtually divided into an envelope region and a core region.
  • the envelope region comprises the component volume, which extends up to a certain distance from the surface of the component.
  • the core area comprises the remaining component volume, which is located further inside the component.
  • the cladding area is first constructed with the process parameters for each layer, which results in a good component quality with regard to surface quality, detail resolution and density, but has a low build-up rate. This is achieved mainly by setting a relatively small diameter of the laser beam in the working plane (eg 100 .mu.m) in combination with a low laser power (eg 100 W).
  • the core region of the layer is constructed with process parameters which result in a lower component quality, but have a high build-up rate.
  • This is achieved mainly by setting a relatively large diameter of the laser beam in the working plane (eg 0.3 mm) in combination with higher laser power (eg 200 W). Setting a larger laser beam diameter reduces the number of individual paths that must be traveled with the laser beam to fill the core area. Thus, the construction process can be accelerated overall.
  • the setting of the beam diameter in the working plane has hitherto usually been done with a so-called zoom lens. With this lens, the diameter of the laser beam in front of the focusing lens, hereinafter referred to as the raw beam, be reduced, resulting in an increase in the beam diameter in focus.
  • the divergence of the laser beam can be changed with a suitable objective, as a result of which the focus position shifts out of the processing plane. This also achieves a larger beam diameter in the working plane.
  • the build-up rate increases and, on the other hand, a higher laser power is required to completely melt the powder.
  • a disadvantage of this known method for changing the beam diameter is that when reducing the diameter of the raw beam to increase the focus diameter, the maximum allowable intensity of the optical components, such as the scanner mirror, even at lower laser power is achieved than would be the case with unchanged raw beam diameter , Exceeding the maximum permissible intensity leads to the destruction of the optical components. Therefore, either the minimum adjustable beam diameter - and thus the maximum adjustable focus diameter - or the maximum usable laser power is limited.
  • An increase in the beam diameter by shifting the focal position has the disadvantage that when using an optical fiber for transport the laser radiation from the beam source to the optical system, the intensity distribution of the laser radiation outside the focus position deviates greatly from an ideal intensity distribution in the focus, which has a so-called top hat profile.
  • DE 199 53 000 A1 shows a method and a device for the additive production of bodies by the sheath-core method.
  • the contour of the body will have a first, a small focus,
  • Radiation source welded or sintered.
  • the core is welded or sintered with a second, larger focus, radiation source.
  • JP 2003-211 279 A discloses a laser system with which the ITO film of different substrates, an ITO-coated glass or an ITO-coated film, is removed.
  • ITO indium-tin-oxide
  • JP 2003-211 279 A discloses a laser system with which the ITO film of different substrates, an ITO-coated glass or an ITO-coated film, is removed.
  • different energy densities are required for this purpose in the working plane. These are generated by selectively injecting the laser beam into one of two optical fibers having a different fiber core diameter.
  • Achieving an optimal welding result is collimated to different beam diameters.
  • the collimated laser beams are superimposed and then focused on a processing point.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and an arrangement with which the beam diameter can be changed in the working plane without the above disadvantages.
  • the laser beam used for processing is guided via an optical fiber to an optical system with which the laser beam is directed via a focusing optics on the working plane.
  • the optical system can in this case be accommodated, for example, in a processing head.
  • This optical system is preferably a scanner system with a suitable focusing optics.
  • Such scanner systems consist of one or more tiltable or rotatable reflectors, such as scanner mirrors, which with their movement a one- or two-dimensional scanning of the Laser beam can produce in the working plane.
  • the proposed method is characterized in that at least two optical fibers with different fiber core diameter between one or more laser sources and the optical system are used.
  • the laser beam used for processing is guided to generate a first beam diameter in the processing plane via one of the two optical fibers and collimated at exit from this optical fiber with a collimating optics associated with this fiber to a Rohstrahl bemesser, to then be addressed with the optical system to the working plane.
  • the laser beam used for processing is guided over the other optical fiber and collimated on exit from this optical fiber with a collimation optics associated with this fiber to the same beam diameter, then also with the optical System to be directed to the processing level.
  • the change in the beam diameter from a first to a second beam diameter is thus achieved in the present method in that the laser beam is guided to generate different beam diameters in optical fibers with different fiber core diameter to the optical system.
  • an input-side switching device between the laser and the optical fibers is preferably used, via which the laser beam between a coupling in the one optical fiber and a coupling can be deflected or switched into the other optical fiber.
  • a switching device may, for example, be a foldable or displaceable mirror element.
  • a corresponding element is likewise provided, via which the laser beam emerging from the respective optical fiber is coupled into the optical system after collimation, so that the laser beam is always independent of the optical fiber on which it would be guided to the optical system is guided through the optical system on the same path.
  • an output-side switching device on the optical system is required with which either the one or the other optical fiber exiting from the other optical fiber laser beam can be guided via the optical system in the processing plane.
  • the collimated laser beam will be brought to the same beam diameter for all optical fibers used. Due to the different fiber core diameter, different focal diameters nevertheless result in the working plane for the different optical fibers, since the combination of collimation optics and focusing lens the exit surface of the respective optical fiber in the focal plane and thus in the processing plane images.
  • the diameter of the raw beam can be chosen so large over the focal length of the collimating optics, for example, a collimating lens, that even at high laser power of, for example, 1 kW, the intensity remains on the optical components of the optical system below the damage threshold.
  • Beam diameters no focus shift, so that with appropriate adjustment of the focusing lens or the distance to the working plane, the machining can always be done in focus, i. with an advantageous top hat intensity distribution.
  • the beam diameters can also be changed simply by switching the laser radiation between the optical fibers with different fiber core diameter.
  • the proposed arrangement for processing a component or material with a laser beam has an optical system with at least one scanner unit and a focusing optics with which the laser beam used for processing can be focused into a processing plane. Between one or more laser sources and the optical system at least two optical fibers are arranged, via which the laser beam used for processing for optical system can be performed. At the fiber output of the optical fibers in each case a collimating optics for collimating the emerging from the respective optical fiber laser beam is arranged, wherein the collimating optics are each formed so that the laser beam is set for both optical fibers to the same diameter in front of the focusing optics.
  • the arrangement further comprises a switching device, via which between a guide of the laser beam used for processing via a first of the two optical fibers and the optical system in the working plane and a guide of the laser beam used for processing via a second of the two optical fibers and the optical system in the processing level can be switched.
  • the at least two optical fibers have a different fiber core diameter in the proposed arrangement.
  • the switching device may comprise an input-side switching unit at a fiber input of the two optical fibers, via which the laser beam emitted by a laser beam can be switched between a coupling into the first optical fiber and a coupling into the second optical fiber.
  • the switching device can also comprise an output-side switching unit on the optical system, with which between a guide of the laser beam emerging from the first optical fiber via the optical system in the processing plane and a guide of the emerging from the second optical fiber laser beam through the optical system in the Machining level is switchable.
  • the collimating optics are each designed such that the laser beam passes through the focusing optics for both optical fibers with the same beam diameter.
  • the arrangement thus employs a fiber-coupled laser system having at least two fiber outputs and at least two optical fibers having different fiber core diameters.
  • the laser radiation is coupled into a selected fiber on the laser side.
  • the laser radiation is collimated.
  • the collimated beam of the selected fiber is introduced into the
  • the collimated beam is focused with a focusing optics, for example a lens.
  • This focusing optics could also be located in front of the scanner system or integrated into the scanner system.
  • different laser beam diameters for the cladding region and the core region can be set during laser-based additive manufacturing processes during the build-up process.
  • the processing for the different Beam diameter in focus so that a machining with the desired Top Hat intensity distribution is achieved.
  • a beam diameter of approximately 200 ⁇ m can be set for the cladding region, while for the core region the beam diameter can be increased to approximately 1.2 mm, for example, and at the same time a laser beam output in the kilowatt range can be used.
  • the generative production of components can be significantly accelerated, for example
  • Solid geometry components e.g. Mold inserts for injection molds.
  • the fiber core diameter of the two optical fibers used preferably differ by at least a factor of 4.
  • larger or smaller gradations in the fiber core diameter between the optical fibers used can also be used.
  • the use of more than two optical fibers, each differing in the fiber core diameter is of course possible in the proposed method and the associated arrangement.
  • the application of the method and the arrangement is not limited to the preferred field of application of the additive manufacturing methods. Rather, this technique can be used in all laser-based methods in which it is necessary to switch between different beam diameters in a processing or measuring plane.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a part of the optical structure in the proposed method and the associated arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 the principle of the optical path of the proposed method and the proposed arrangement for the case of two optical fibers with different fiber core diameter is shown schematically.
  • the first fiber 1 in this case has the fiber core diameter D1, which is smaller than the fiber core diameter D2 of the second fiber 2.
  • the two fibers come from the laser used, the emitted laser beam depending on the intended beam diameter either in the first fiber 1 or in the second fiber 2 is coupled.
  • the switching device required for switching the coupling between the first fiber 1 and the second fiber 2 is not shown in the figure. This may be, for example, a system with a movable deflection mirror 3, as will be described below for the coupling of the laser radiation into the scanner system of the optical system.
  • the laser radiation is coupled into the first fiber 1 on the laser.
  • the emerging laser radiation in the collimating optics 5 is collimated with the focal length f ⁇ l.
  • a movable deflection mirror 3 is positioned so that the collimated laser radiation of the fiber 1 is guided into the scanner 4.
  • the radiation is focused onto the working plane 8 with a focusing lens 7 of the focal length f.
  • the laser radiation is coupled into the second fiber 2 with the larger fiber core diameter D2 at the laser.
  • the movable deflecting mirror 3 is removed from the beam path.
  • the second fiber 2 is arranged such that the laser radiation collimated by means of the collimation lens 6 with the focal length f K 2 is guided into the scanner 4.
  • D2 can be set by simply switching between the two fibers different beam diameter in the working plane. Since the same beam path in the scanner 4 and by the focusing sierlinse 7 is used for both optical fibers, the focal position in the working plane is the same, so that in each case a Top Hat intensity distribution can be achieved for the different beam diameters. By setting approximately the same diameter of the collimated laser beams after the exit from the fibers can significantly higher laser powers for the generation of the larger beam diameter in the
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a structure for coupling the laser radiation arriving via the optical fibers into a machining head 11 in which the scanner and the focusing lens are located.
  • the two optical fibers 1, 2 are in this case fixed to the machining head 11.
  • FIG. 2 a shows a state in which the laser radiation is guided via the upper optical fiber 1. Via corresponding deflecting mirrors 10, this laser Radiation coupled through the scanner inlet opening 9 in the processing head.
  • the movable deflection mirror 3 is in this case removed from the beam path.
  • Fig. 2b shows a state in which the lower optical fiber 2 has been switched.
  • the deflection mirror 3 is introduced into the beam path in order to couple the laser radiation emerging from this fiber 2 into the scanner entry opening 9 of the machining head.
  • the collimating optics are in each case arranged at the outlet of the two optical fibers and can be seen only hinted at in the figures.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne : un procédé pour modifier le diamètre d'un faisceau laser dans un plan d'usinage (8) lors de la fabrication générative de composants ; et un dispositif conçu pour la mise en œuvre du procédé, pour l'usinage d'un composant ou d'un matériau avec un faisceau laser. D'après le procédé, le faisceau laser utilisé pour l'usinage est dirigé au moyen d'une fibre optique (1, 2) vers un système optique (4, 7) par lequel le faisceau laser est, au moyen d'une optique de focalisation (7), dirigé sur le plan d'usinage. Le procédé se caractérise par le fait qu'on utilise au moins deux fibres optiques (1, 2) ayant des diamètres de cœur de fibre différents ; afin de modifier le diamètre du faisceau utilisé pour l'usinage, le faisceau est commuté entre un guidage via la première (1) des deux fibres optiques et le système optique (4, 7) en direction du plan d'usinage (8), et un guidage via la deuxième (2) des deux fibres optiques et le système optique (4, 7) en direction du plan d'usinage (8). Le procédé et le dispositif correspondant permettent d'utiliser lors de l'augmentation du diamètre du faisceau des puissances laser plus élevées qu'en cas d'utilisation d'objectifs zoom pour la modification du diamètre du faisceau. Le procédé et le dispositif conviennent principalement pour une application dans des procédés de fabrication générative à base de laser.
PCT/DE2008/002141 2007-12-20 2008-12-19 Procédé pour modifier le diamètre d'un faisceau laser dans un plan d'usinage, et dispositif conçu à cet effet Ceased WO2009080016A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007061549.5 2007-12-20
DE102007061549A DE102007061549B4 (de) 2007-12-20 2007-12-20 Verfahren zur Änderung des Strahldurchmessers eines Laserstrahls in einer Bearbeitungsebene sowie dafür ausgebildete Anordnung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009080016A2 true WO2009080016A2 (fr) 2009-07-02
WO2009080016A3 WO2009080016A3 (fr) 2009-09-17

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PCT/DE2008/002141 Ceased WO2009080016A2 (fr) 2007-12-20 2008-12-19 Procédé pour modifier le diamètre d'un faisceau laser dans un plan d'usinage, et dispositif conçu à cet effet

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WO (1) WO2009080016A2 (fr)

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EP3538293B1 (fr) 2016-11-14 2022-07-13 Trumpf Laser- und Systemtechnik GmbH Procédé de fabrication additive des produits en couche et logiciel correspondant

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DE102011085929C5 (de) * 2011-11-08 2014-06-12 Trumpf Laser Gmbh + Co. Kg Strahlweiche und Laserbearbeitungsanlage damit
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EP2865465B1 (fr) * 2013-09-27 2018-01-17 Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited Procédé de fabrication d'un composant métallique par fabrication laser d'un additif
DE102015103127A1 (de) 2015-03-04 2016-09-08 Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Bestrahlungssystem für eine Vorrichtung zur generativen Fertigung
CN106363909B (zh) * 2016-09-05 2018-07-03 深圳市鹏安视科技有限公司 一种实现大尺寸光固化3d打印的光学投影系统
EP3546109B1 (fr) 2016-11-22 2022-11-09 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Dispositif de traitement laser et procédé de traitement laser
CN109894737B (zh) * 2019-04-17 2021-02-09 深圳信息职业技术学院 一种金属曲面的激光抛光装置以及方法
CN109894738B (zh) * 2019-04-17 2021-02-09 深圳信息职业技术学院 一种金属平面的激光抛光装置以及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2875897B1 (fr) 2013-11-21 2016-01-20 SLM Solutions Group AG Procédé et dispositif de commande d'un système d'irradiation pour produire une pièce tridimensionnelle
US9878497B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2018-01-30 SLM Solutions Group AG Method and device for controlling an irradiation system
EP3538293B1 (fr) 2016-11-14 2022-07-13 Trumpf Laser- und Systemtechnik GmbH Procédé de fabrication additive des produits en couche et logiciel correspondant

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DE102007061549B4 (de) 2010-06-17
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