WO2009145425A2 - 유기용제에 불용성인 수지를 이용한 토너 및 그의 제조방법 - Google Patents
유기용제에 불용성인 수지를 이용한 토너 및 그의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009145425A2 WO2009145425A2 PCT/KR2009/001547 KR2009001547W WO2009145425A2 WO 2009145425 A2 WO2009145425 A2 WO 2009145425A2 KR 2009001547 W KR2009001547 W KR 2009001547W WO 2009145425 A2 WO2009145425 A2 WO 2009145425A2
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- toner
- resin
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- insoluble
- organic solvent
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
- G03G9/0806—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08704—Polyalkenes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08755—Polyesters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08791—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by the presence of specified groups or side chains
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08793—Crosslinked polymers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a toner and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, it is possible to prevent a hot offset by increasing a fixing temperature range, to improve high temperature storage, and to improve charging stability according to changes in ambient environment.
- a toner and a method of manufacturing the same are particularly, it is possible to prevent a hot offset by increasing a fixing temperature range, to improve high temperature storage, and to improve charging stability according to changes in ambient environment.
- An electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer, forms an electrostatic latent image on a photoconductive material having photoconductivity, and electrostatically attaches an insulating toner charged by friction with a carrier or a charging member to the electrostatic latent image on the toner. Form an image. Thereafter, the formed toner image is transferred onto a printing medium such as plain paper, a film, and then fixed by heating, pressurization, solvent evaporation, or the like to complete image formation.
- a printing medium such as plain paper, a film
- a heat fixing method capable of high thermal fixing and high speed fixing is generally used.
- the above method is a method of fixing a toner to the print medium by contacting the print medium with the heat roller in the fixing unit having the heating roller.
- a so-called hot offset phenomenon occurs in which a part of the toner adheres to the surface of the heating roller at the time of fixing so that the adhered toner is re-transferred on the print medium to contaminate subsequent images.
- a winding phenomenon occurs in which the printing medium is wound on the surface of the heating roller and the feeding is stopped.
- the viscoelastic properties of the toner are determined by the type of binder resin, which is the main component of the toner, and the type and content of other components.
- the toner generally has a temperature suitable for fixing, but in actual image formation, since the temperature of the surface of the heating roller is greatly changed by the ambient temperature during use or a large number of continuous printings, it is desirable that the toner can be fixed as wide as possible. .
- styrene-acrylic resins and polyester resins are generally used as the main component resin of the toner.
- Polyester resins are superior to styrene-acrylic resins in terms of resistance to hot offset, color development, etc., but have inferior problems in terms of stability of charge amount due to changes in the surrounding environment.
- styrene-acrylic resin has the advantage of low hygroscopicity and excellent high temperature storage compared to the polyester resin.
- the surface of the heating roller is formed of a releasable material such as silicone rubber or fluorine resin, and the surface is coated with a solution having good releasability such as silicone oil.
- a solution having good releasability such as silicone oil.
- the method of covering the surface of a heating roller with the liquid film layer of releasability was generally performed.
- the above method requires a coating device for the release solution, and also has a problem in that the release solution evaporates by heat to contaminate the inside of the chemical conversion device.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1995957287281 is a binder resin having excellent hot offset resistance.
- crosslinking produced by reacting an etherified diphenol, a dicarboxylic acid component, and a trivalent or higher monomer component to form a crosslinked structure.
- polyester resin is used, there is a problem in fixability in this case.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-156876 tried to prevent hot offset phenomenon by using ester wax, but since the compatibility between the used polyester resin and wax is poor, wax is released when forming toner image and peeling occurs and durability there is a problem.
- Japanese Patent No. 2988703 attempts to solve the hot offset problem by using a crystalline polyester resin having no crosslinked structure, but there are problems such as narrowing of the fixable temperature range and hot offset phenomenon still occurring.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2002-023424 and 2003-156880 disclose toners produced using a polyester resin as a binder resin or a hybrid resin having a polyester unit and a vinyl copolymer unit.
- the toner manufactured by using the resin did not solve the hot offset problem, and there is a problem in the occurrence of peeling and durability.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a toner manufacturing method capable of increasing the fixing temperature range and preventing hot offset in a wide temperature range, and a toner produced by the method.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a toner manufacturing method capable of improving high temperature storage and a toner produced by the method.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a toner manufacturing method capable of improving charging stability according to changes in the surrounding environment, and a toner produced by the method.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic image forming apparatus employing the toner.
- the present invention to solve the above problems,
- Binder resin containing resin insoluble in the organic solvent, and resin which has an acidic radical
- At least one additive is selected from:
- the insoluble resin is a crosslinked polyester resin or a cycloolefin copolymer, and provides a toner having a content of the insoluble resin: acid-containing resin in a range of 5:95 to 40:60 by weight.
- the insoluble resin is a crosslinked polyester resin or a cycloolefin copolymer, and a content of the insoluble resin: resin having an acid group is 5:95 to 40:60 based on the weight part.
- the method further comprises neutralizing an acid group of the resin having the acid group contained in the toner mixture or the insoluble resin-toner mixture with a base.
- the step of agglomerating the formed toner composition, fusing the aggregated toner composition, and washing and drying the fused toner composition toner particles It further comprises the step of forming.
- the fine particles formed by dry pulverizing the insoluble resin or the fine particles formed by wet dispersion of the insoluble resin in an organic solvent have a particle size of 1 to 5 ⁇ m size.
- the acid group included in the resin having the acid group is at least one selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group, phosphoric acid group, sulfonic acid group, and sulfuric acid group.
- the resin having an acid group includes a polyester resin.
- the polyester resin has an acid value of 5 ⁇ 100mgKOH / g.
- the colorant is used in the form of a pigment pigment masterbatch.
- the additive comprises at least one of a charge control agent and a release agent.
- the dispersion medium comprises at least one of a polar solvent, a surfactant, and a thickener.
- a toner manufacturing method capable of increasing the fixing temperature range and preventing hot offset in a wide temperature range and a toner produced by the method can be provided.
- a toner manufacturing method capable of improving high temperature storage properties and a toner manufactured by the method can be provided.
- a toner manufacturing method capable of improving charging stability according to changes in the surrounding environment and a toner manufactured by the method can be provided.
- an electrophotographic image forming apparatus employing the toner can be provided.
- the toner according to the present embodiment includes a binder resin, a colorant, and at least one additive containing a resin insoluble in an organic solvent and a resin having an acid group.
- insoluble resin resin insoluble in an organic solvent
- Insoluble resins used in this embodiment are crosslinked polyester resins or crosslinked or uncrosslinked cycloolefin copolymers (cyclic olefin co-polymer (COC) resins).
- the insoluble resin is for improving the fixing property and hot offset resistance of the toner.
- divalent or higher polybasic acid compound examples include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, adipic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, and the like.
- Dicarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof are examples of the divalent or higher polybasic acid compound.
- aliphatic polyhydric alcohols include 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, hexanediol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol.
- epoxy compound as a crosslinking agent examples include bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, bisphenol S epoxy resin, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, N, N-diglycidyl aniline, glycerin ether, and trimetholpropane tri Compounds such as glycidyl ether, cresol noblock type epoxy resin, or polymer of vinyl compound having an epoxy group.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the crosslinked polyester resin thus formed is preferably in the range of 60 to 85 ° C, particularly preferably in the range of 60 to 75 ° C. Moreover, the range of 150-220 degreeC is preferable, and, as for the softening point of the said crosslinked polyester resin, the range of 160-190 degreeC is more preferable.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the softening point of the said crosslinked polyester resin the range of 160-190 degreeC is more preferable.
- the cycloolefin copolymer resin is a polyolefin resin having a cyclic structure, for example, ⁇ -olefin such as ethylene, propylene, or butylene, cyclohexene, norbornene, or tetracyclododecene It is a copolymer with an alicyclic compound (that is, cycloolefin) which has a double bond, such as these, and may be any of a random copolymer and a block copolymer.
- the copolymerization ratio of an alpha olefin and a cycloolefin can be adjusted by setting the reaction ratio of both suitably.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cycloolefin copolymer resin as a reaction product is greatly influenced by the addition ratio during the reaction of both of these, Increasing the norbornene addition ratio tends to increase Tg.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of cycloolefin copolymer resin is 40-80 degreeC
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is 100-20,000
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is the range of 7,000-400,000.
- the cycloolefin copolymer resin itself or a crosslinked cycloolefin copolymer resin prepared by crosslinking the cycloolefin copolymer resin by any known method may be used.
- the acid groups are introduced into the resin through chemical bonds. Such acid groups are neutralized with a base, and become anions in aqueous solution and exhibit hydrophilicity. Therefore, the resin having an acid group can be dispersed and stabilized in a particulate state in an aqueous solution.
- the acid group is at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a sulfuric acid group.
- the resin having an acid group includes a polyester resin, and the polyester resin is particularly preferable in view of dispersibility of the colorant and low temperature fixability.
- polyester resin what is obtained by using as an essential component the compound which has an acidic radical neutralized, for example, is carboxyl group-containing polyester resin, sulfone group containing polyester resin, or phosphoric acid group containing polyester resin.
- carboxyl group-containing polyester resin is preferable, and in this case, it is preferable that the acid value of a polyester resin is 5 mgKOH / g-100 mgKOH / g.
- the polyester resin can be produced by heating a polyhydric alcohol component and a polyvalent carboxylic acid component in a reduced pressure atmosphere or in the presence of a catalyst to cause a polycondensation reaction.
- polyhydric alcohol component examples include polyoxyethylene- (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and polyoxypropylene- (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl Propane, polyoxypropylene- (2.2) -polyoxyethylene- (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene- (2.3) -2,2-bis (4-hydride) Hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene- (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene- (2.3) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, poly Oxypropylene- (2.4) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene- (3.3) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene- (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol
- the polyhydric carboxylic acid component includes aromatic polyhydric acids and / or alkyl esters thereof commonly used in the production of polyester resins.
- aromatic polyacids include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, 2,5,7-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4 Naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-hexanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,7,8-octane tetra carboxylic acid, and / or alkyl esters of these carboxylic acids may be exemplified, wherein The alkyl group may be a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl group and the like.
- the aromatic polyacids and / or alkyl esters thereof may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
- the content of the resin having an acid group is 50 to 95 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total toner composition.
- the content is less than 50 parts by weight, the resin is insufficient to bind the toner composition, which is not preferable.
- the content of the toner composition other than the resin is small so that it is difficult to exert a function as a toner.
- the toner composition is a broad concept including all of the colorants, additives, and the like described later in addition to the resin having an acid group.
- the resin having an acid group has a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 10,000, a PDI (Poly Dispersity Index) of 2 to 15, and an insoluble content of THF is 1% or less.
- the melt viscosity is very low and the fixing temperature range is narrowed, which is not preferable. If the number average molecular weight exceeds 10,000, large particles are formed at the time of particle formation, and the particle distribution is widened. If the PDI is less than 2, the fixing temperature range is narrow, which is not preferable. If the PDI exceeds 15, it is difficult to obtain a resin having an insoluble content of 1% or less in THF. When the insoluble content to THF exceeds 1% by weight, the preparation of the microsuspension particles is not easy, which is not preferable.
- the colorant may be used as a dye or a pigment
- the pigment is used as a pigment pigment masterbatch form dispersed in a high concentration in the resin.
- the pigment pigment master batch refers to a resin composition in which the pigment pigment is evenly dispersed, and the pigment pigment and resin are kneaded under high temperature and high pressure, or the resin is dissolved in a solvent, the pigment is added to the solution, and then the pigment is applied by applying a high shear force to the pigment pigment. It is prepared by the method of dispersion. By suppressing the exposure of the pigment in the production of the toner microsuspension using the pigment pigment master batch, it is possible to produce a uniform microsuspension.
- the resin used for the coloring pigment masterbatch a resin having an acid group may be used, in addition, any known resin may be used.
- the colored pigment may be appropriately selected from among black pigments, cyan pigments, magenta pigments, yellow pigments, and mixtures thereof, which are commonly used pigments.
- carbon black can usually be used for the toner of the present invention.
- carbon black can be used without being limited by number average particle diameter, specific surface area, PH, etc., the following are mentioned as a commercial item.
- trade names of US Cabots REGAL 400, 660, 330, 300, SRF-S, Sterling SO, V, NS, R; Or a trade name of Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation of Japan: # 5B, # 10B, # 40, 2400B, MA-100, or the like.
- These carbon blacks may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
- magenta pigment As a magenta pigment, C.I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31 , 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 68, 81, 83, 87, 88, 89 , 90, 112, 114, 122, 123, 163, 202, 206, 207, 209; C.I. Pigment violet 19; C.I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 10, 13, 15, 23, 29, 35 and the like can be used.
- These magenta pigments may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
- C.I. Pigment blue 2, 3, 15, 16, 17; C.I. Bat blue 6; C.I. Pigment blue 45 and the like can be used. These pigments for cyan can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- C.I. Pigment Yellow 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 65, 73, 74, 83, 93, 94, 97, 155 , 180 and the like can be used. These yellow pigments may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the pigment for magenta C.I. Pigment Red 57, 122, Cyan Pigment C.I. Pigment Blue 15, and Yellow Pigment C.I. Pigment Yellow 17, 93, 155, 180 may be suitably used.
- the content of the colorant may be sufficient to color the toner to form a visible image by development, for example, based on 100 parts by weight of a resin having an acid group. It is preferably 3 to 15 parts by weight. If the content is less than 3 parts by weight, the coloring effect is insufficient, which is not preferable. If the content is more than 15 parts by weight, the electrical resistance of the toner is lowered, so that a sufficient amount of triboelectric charge cannot be obtained, which is undesirable.
- the additives include a charge control agent, a release agent, or a mixture thereof.
- the charge control agent includes a positively charged charge control agent and a negatively charged charge control agent.
- bipolar charge control agent examples include quaternary substances such as modified products of nigrosine and fatty acid metal salts, tributylbenzyl ammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate, and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate.
- Diorganotin oxides such as ammonium salt, dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin oxide, dicyclohexyl tin oxide, diorganotin borate, dibutylhexyl borate, dicyclohexyl tin borate, pyridium salt, And a low molecular weight polymer having an adine, a triphenylmethane compound and a cationic functional group.
- These bipolar charge control agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
- a nigrosine-based compound or a quaternary ammonium salt is used as such a positive charge control agent.
- negatively charged charge control agent examples include acetylacetone metal complexes, monoazo metal complexes, naphthoic acid or salicylic acid metal complexes, chelate compounds, low molecular weight polymers having anionic functional groups, and the like. . These negatively charged charge control agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds. Preferably, a salicylic acid type metal complex or a monoazo type metal complex is used as such a negatively charged charge control agent.
- Such a charge control agent charges the toner stably and at high speed by the electrostatic force, thereby stably supporting the toner on the developing roller.
- the content of the charge control agent included in the toner is generally within the range of 0.1 parts by weight to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total toner composition.
- the content of the charge control agent is less than 0.1 part by weight, the charge rate of the toner is low and the amount of charge is not large, which is not sufficient to express a function as a charge control agent, and when it exceeds 10 parts by weight, the amount of charge becomes excessively large. It is not preferable because there is a problem that distortion may occur in an image.
- the toner of this embodiment includes a release agent capable of improving the fixability of the toner image.
- release agents include polyolefin waxes such as polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, modified polyethylene wax, synthetic waxes such as Fischer-Tropsch wax, petroleum wax such as paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, etc. , Carnauba wax, candelilla wax, rice wax, hardened castor oil, and the like.
- the additive may further include higher fatty acids, fatty acid amides, or metal salts thereof.
- higher fatty acids, fatty acid amides, and metal salts thereof can be suitably used to prevent deterioration of development characteristics and to obtain high quality images.
- a known additive used in the production of the toner such as a lubricant, a fluidity improver, an abrasive, a conductivity imparting agent, an image peeling preventing agent, and the like, may be internally or externally added as necessary.
- these additives include polyvinylidene fluoride, zinc stearate, and the like as lubricants, and silica, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum aluminum co-oxides, silicon titanium co-oxides, and hydrophobization treatments produced by a dry or wet method as a fluidity improving agent.
- abrasive examples include silicon nitride, cerium oxide, silicon carbide, strontium titanate, tungsten carbide, calcium carbonate, and hydrophobized ones thereof.
- the conductivity examples include carbon black and tin oxide.
- the toner of the present embodiment preferably contains hydrophobized fine powder, i.e., hydrophobized silica, silicon aluminum co-oxide, and / or silicon titanium co-powder fine powder as an external additive.
- hydrophobization treatment of these fine powders treatment with a silane coupling agent such as silicone oil, tetramethyldisilazane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, etc. may be mentioned.
- the amount of the hydrophobized fine powder such as hydrophobized silica is 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.03 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total toner composition.
- a fine powder is formed by dry grinding of an insoluble resin in an organic solvent, or by wet dispersing the insoluble resin in an organic solvent to form a microsuspension.
- the resin, the colorant, and the at least one additive having an acid group are mixed with the organic solvent at 40 to 95 ° C and dissolved to form a toner mixed solution.
- the acid groups of the resin are then neutralized with a base.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the neutralizing of the acid groups of the resin may be performed after the formation of the insoluble resin-toner mixture solution described later.
- the insoluble resin fine particles or the microsuspension are added to the toner mixture to form an insoluble resin-toner mixture.
- an insoluble resin-toner mixture unlike the above-described method, the insoluble resin fine particles or microsuspension is dissolved in an organic solvent together with a resin having an acid group, a colorant, and at least one additive, and then dissolved in the resin.
- the acid groups of may also be formed by neutralizing with a base.
- the formed insoluble resin-toner mixture is added and stirred in a dispersion medium at 60 to 98 ° C. composed of a polar solvent, a surfactant, and optionally a thickener, and the like to form a toner microsuspension.
- the microsuspension is stirred at 60 to 98 ° C., and then the organic solvent is volatilized and removed to form a toner composition.
- the aggregated toner composition is weak in hardness, and its shape is very irregular.
- the aggregated toner composition is fused to obtain a toner composition having a desired particle size.
- Such fusion strengthens the firmness of the toner composition and results in a regular shape.
- the shape of the agglomerated toner composition varies from a crushed sphere to a perfect sphere depending on the degree of fusion.
- the fused toner composition is cooled, washed and dried to obtain toner particles.
- the organic solvent used in the production method is volatile, has a lower boiling point than the polar solvent and is not mixed with the polar solvent, for example, an ester system such as methyl acetate or ethyl acetate; Ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; Hydrocarbon systems such as dichloromethane and trichloroethane; And it may be at least one selected from aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene.
- an ester system such as methyl acetate or ethyl acetate
- Ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- Hydrocarbon systems such as dichloromethane and trichloroethane
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene.
- the polar solvent may be at least one selected from water, glycerol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, sorbitol, and the like, and water is preferable.
- the thickener may be used one or more selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, gelatin, chitosan, sodium alginate and the like.
- the surfactant may be used one or more selected from nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants.
- Nonionic surfactants include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether , Polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene norylphenyl ether, ethoxylate, phosphate norylphenol-based, triton, dialkylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol, and the like.
- Active agents include sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl naphthalene sulfate, dialkyl benzenealkyl sulfate, sulfonate, and the like.
- Cationic surfactants include alkyl benzene dimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Distearyl ammo A chloride and the like, amphoteric surfactants are amino acid-type amphoteric surfactant, betaine (Betaine) type amphoteric surfactants, lecithin, taurine and the like.
- the aforementioned surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof in a certain ratio.
- a neutralizing agent used for neutralization of an acidic radical For example, hydroxide of alkali metals, such as sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide; Carbonates of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium; Acetates of alkali metals; Alkanol amines such as ammonia water, methyl amine, dimethyl amine and the like. Of these, hydroxides of alkali metals are preferred.
- the neutralizing agent is used in the amount of 0.1 to 3.0 equivalents based on 1 equivalent of the acid group in the resin having an acid group, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 equivalents.
- the flocculant of the toner complex there are surfactants used in the dispersion medium, and surfactants having polarities opposite to those of the surfactants, or monovalent inorganic metal salts.
- an appropriate coagulant should be selected in consideration of the coagulation rate of the dispersion or the stability of the preparation method.
- the monovalent inorganic metal salt include calcium chloride, calcium acetate, barium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, cobalt chloride, strontium chloride, and chlorides. Cesium, nickel chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium benzoate, aluminum chloride, zinc chloride and the like.
- the toner manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment can be used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.
- the electrophotographic image forming apparatus means a laser printer, a copier, a facsimile or the like.
- a 3-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, and cooler was installed in an oil bath, which is a heat transfer medium. 50 parts by weight of dimethyl terephthalate (50 g), 47 parts by weight of dimethyl isophthalate (47 g), 80 parts by weight of 1,2-propylene glycol (80 g), and 3 parts by weight of trimellitic acid ( 3 g) was added. Thereafter, 9 mg of dibutyltin oxide (a ratio of 500 ppm to the total weight of the monomer) was added as a catalyst. The reaction temperature was then increased to 150 ° C. while stirring the mixture in the reactor at a rate of 150 rpm.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyester resin was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and the temperature was 62 ° C.
- the number average molecular weight and PDI of the polyester resin were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a polystyrene reference sample. As a result, the number average molecular weight was 4,300 and the PDI was 3.5.
- the acid value was 15 mgKOH / g as a result of measurement by titration.
- the polyester resin synthesized in Preparation Example 1 and a carbon black pigment (NIPEX 150, manufactured by Degus Co., Germany) were mixed at a ratio of 8: 2 by weight. Thereafter, 50 parts by weight of ethyl acetate was added to 100 parts by weight of polyester resin, and the mixture was heated to about 60 ° C. and mixed with a kneader for 1 hour. Subsequently, the mixture was mixed at a speed of 50 rpm using a twin screw extruder connected with a vacuum apparatus, and the ethyl acetate as a solvent was removed using a vacuum apparatus, thereby obtaining a black pigment masterbatch.
- NIPEX 150 carbon black pigment
- the polyester resin synthesized in Preparation Example 1 and the cyan pigment (CI Pigment Blue 15: 3, color index No. 74160, Japan Ink Company (DIC) product) is used by mixing in a ratio of 6: 4 by weight
- a cyan pigment master batch was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2, except for that.
- magenta pigment master batch was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2, except that the polyester resin synthesized in Preparation Example 1 and the yellow pigment (manufactured by German Clariant) were mixed at a ratio of 6: 4. Prepared.
- Cycloolefin copolymer ethylene-norbornene copolymer, product made by Tyco Corporation, trade name: TOPAS COC, number average molecular weight (Mn): 5,000, weight average molecular weight (Mw): 200,000) fine by grinding 500 g of a resin using a jet mill The particles were obtained. The size of the fine particles was measured with a Coulter multisizer (manufactured by Beckman Coulter), and the volume average particle size was 2.4 ⁇ .
- the insoluble resin-toner mixture was added to the dispersion medium, and the toner microsuspension was formed by stirring at 85 ° C. for 1 hour at a speed of 1000 rpm.
- the temperature in the reactor was cooled to 40 ° C.
- 10 g of magnesium chloride was dissolved in 50 g of distilled water, and slowly introduced into the reactor, and then the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. over 30 minutes to agglomerate the toner composition.
- the size of the toner composition aggregated with a Coulter multisizer manufactured by Beckman Coulter was measured. The volume average particle diameter was 7.2 mu m.
- the fused toner composition was separated using a conventional filtration apparatus, washed with an aqueous 1N hydrochloric acid solution, and then washed with distilled water five times to remove all surfactants.
- the washed toner particles were dried in a fluid bed drier at a temperature of 40 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain dried toner particles.
- the volume average particle diameter was 7.2 mu m and the 80% span value was 0.65. Moreover, it was 0.95 when the average circularity was analyzed using the shape particle size analyzer (FPIA-3000, Sysmex company).
- Toner particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 140 g of the polyester resin synthesized in Preparation Example 1 and 60 g (solid content basis) of the crosslinked polyester resin obtained in Preparation Example 6 were used.
- the volume average particle diameter was 6.8 mu m and the 80% span value was 0.62. Moreover, it was 0.94 when the average circularity was analyzed using the shape particle size analyzer (FPIA-3000, Sysmex company).
- Toner particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of the polyester resin synthesized in Preparation Example 1 and 100 g (solid content basis) of the crosslinked polyester resin obtained in Preparation Example 6 were used.
- the volume average particle diameter was 7.6 mu m and the 80% span value was 0.72. Moreover, it was 0.93 when the average circularity was analyzed using the shape particle size analyzer (FPIA-3000, Sysmex company).
- Toner particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 170 g of the polyester resin synthesized in Preparation Example 1 and 30 g of the cycloolefin copolymer resin fine particles obtained in Preparation Example 7 were used as the insoluble resin.
- the volume average particle diameter was 7.0 mu m and the 80% span value was 0.64. Moreover, it was 0.95 when the average circularity was analyzed using the shape particle size analyzer (FPIA-3000, Sysmex company).
- Toner particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 140 g of the polyester resin synthesized in Preparation Example 1 and 60 g of the cycloolefin copolymer resin fine particles obtained in Preparation Example 7 were used as the insoluble resin.
- the volume average particle diameter was 7.2 mu m and the 80% span value was 0.66. Moreover, it was 0.94 when the average circularity was analyzed using the shape particle size analyzer (FPIA-3000, Sysmex company).
- Toner particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of the polyester resin synthesized in Preparation Example 1 and 100 g of the cycloolefin copolymer resin fine particles obtained in Preparation Example 7 were used as the insoluble resin.
- the volume average particle diameter was 7.5 mu m and the 80% span value was 0.76. Moreover, it was 0.94 when the average circularity was analyzed using the shape particle size analyzer (FPIA-3000, Sysmex company).
- Toner particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that no insoluble resin was used and 160 g of the polyester resin synthesized in Preparation Example 1.
- the volume average particle diameter was 6.8 mu m and the 80% span value was 0.75.
- the average circularity was 0.95.
- the volume average particle diameter was measured by a Coulter Multisizer 3.
- an aperture is 100 ⁇ m, and an appropriate amount of a surfactant is added to 50 to 100 ml of ISOTON-II (Beckman Coulter, Inc.), which is an electrolyte, and 10 to 20 mg of the measurement sample is added thereto. After the dispersion treatment for 1 minute in an ultrasonic disperser to prepare a sample.
- the 80% span value is an index that defines the size distribution of the particles, which corresponds to 10% of the total volume when the volume is accumulated from small particles by measuring the particle size corresponding to 10% of the volume average particle diameter.
- the particle size corresponding to d10, 50%, the particle size corresponding to d50, 90% was defined as d90, the value was obtained by the following equation (1).
- Tg glass transition temperature, °C
- a differential scanning calorimeter Netzsch Co., Ltd.
- the quenched sample was measured by raising the temperature at a heating rate of 10 deg.
- the median value of each tangent line with the base line of the obtained endothermic curve was made into Tg.
- the acid value (mgKOH / g) was measured by dissolving the resin in dichloromethane, cooling it, and titrating with 0.1 N KOH methyl alcohol solution.
- the toner particles produced by the above-described manufacturing method have various shapes ranging from 0.90 to 0.99 in average circularity, have a volume average particle diameter of 2 to 10 ⁇ m, and an 80% span value of 0.90 or less.
- toner particles prepared in the above Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated by the following method.
- toner composition 10.25 g was prepared by mixing 10 g of toner particles, 0.2 g of silica (TG 810G, manufactured by Cabot) and 0.05 g of silica (RX50, manufactured by Degussa). Thereafter, the toner composition was placed in a 25 ml glass bottle and allowed to stand at 50 ° C./80% temperature and humidity for 72 hours, and then visually checked for high temperature storage. Although the said evaluation result was shown by (circle), (triangle
- the fixability of the unfixed image was evaluated while changing the temperature of the fixing roller in a fixing tester adapted to change the fixing temperature arbitrarily.
- Toner composition 100 g of toner particles prepared in Examples or Comparative Examples, 2 g of silica (TG 810G; manufactured by Cabot), and silica (RX50, manufactured by Degussa) for 16 hours in each of the following three environments (temperature / humidity) 0.2 g and 2 g of a carrier were mixed at a speed of 150 rpm for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the blow-off charge amount (manufactured by Vertex Corporation) was measured by a charging method for measuring the charge amount of a binary toner.
- the fixing temperature range is 130 to 200 ° C in Examples 1 and 5, 130 to 210 ° C and 130 to 190 ° C in Examples 2 and 4, respectively, and 130 to 170 ° C in Comparative Example 1. It can be seen from Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5 that the fixing temperature range is wider. Therefore, it can be seen that in the case of Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5, the fixing property and the hot offset resistance in the high temperature region can be improved than in the case of Comparative Example 1.
- the fixing temperature range is 150 to 220 ° C
- Example 6 it is shown that the temperature is 150 to 220 ° C.
- the performance evaluation result of this excellent toner is that the toner prepared according to the present embodiment includes both an insoluble resin and a polyester resin having excellent fixability, so that the fixing temperature range is wider than that of the toner using uncrosslinked resin This is because the hot offset property is enhanced, and the fixing property, the charging performance, and the high temperature storage property of the high temperature region are improved.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
- 【청구항 1】유기용제에 불용성인 수지와 산기를 가지는 수지를 함유하는 결착수지;착색제; 및적어도 하나의 첨가제를 포함하고,상기 불용성 수지가 가교화 폴리에스테르 수지 또는 시클로올레핀 공중합체이며, 상기 불용성 수지:산기를 가지는 수지의 함량이 중량부 기준으로 5:95 내지 40:60인 토너.
- 【청구항 2】제1항에 있어서,상기 산기를 가지는 수지에 포함된 산기가 카르복실기, 인산기, 술폰산기, 및 황산기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 토너.
- 【청구항 3】제1항에 있어서,상기 산기를 가지는 수지가 폴리에스테르 수지를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너.
- 【청구항 4】제3항에 있어서,상기 폴리에스테르 수지가 5~100mgKOH/g의 산가를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너.
- 【청구항 5】제1항에 있어서,상기 첨가제가 대전제어제 및 이형제 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너 .
- 【청구항 6】(a) 유기용제에 불용성인 수지를 건식 분쇄하여 미세입자를 형성하거나, 또는 상기 불용성 수지를 유기용제에 습식 분산하여 미세현탁액을 형성하는 단계;(b) 산기를 가지는 수지, 착색제, 및 적어도 하나의 첨가제를 유기용제에 혼합한 후 용해시켜 토너 혼합액을 형성하는 단계;(c) 상기 불용성 수지 미세 입자 또는 미세현탁액을 상기 토너 혼합액에 첨가하여 불용성 수지-토너 혼합액을 형성하는 단계;(d) 상기 불용성 수지-토너 혼합액을 분산매내에 첨가하여 토너 미세현탁액을 형성하는 단계; 및(e) 상기 형성된 토너 미세현탁액으로부터 유기용제를 제거하여 토너 조성물을 형성하는 단계;를 포함하고,상기 불용성 수지가 가교화 폴리에스테르 수지 또는 시클로올레핀 공중합체이며, 상기 불용성 수지:산기를 가지는 수지의 함량이 중량부 기준으로 5:95 내지 40:60인 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 7】제6항에 있어서,상기 (b) 단계 또는 상기 (c) 단계 이후에, 상기 토너 혼합액 또는 상기 불용성 수지-토너 혼합액에 함유된 상기 산기를 가지는 수지의 산기를 염기에 의해 중화시키는 단계를 추가적으로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 8】제6항에 있어서,상기 (e) 단계 이후에, 상기 형성된 토너 조성물을 응집시키는 단계와, 상기 응집된 토너 조성물을 융착시키는 단계와, 상기 융착된 토너 조성물을 세척 및 건조시켜 토너 입자를 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 9】제6항에 있어서,상기 불용성 수지를 건식 분쇄하여 형성한 미세입자 또는 상기 불용성 수지를 유기용제에 습식 분산하여 형성한 미세현탁액 중의 미세입자가 1 내지 5㎛ 크기의 입경을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 10】제6항에 있어서,상기 산기를 가지는 수지에 포함된 산기가 카르복실기, 인산기, 술폰산기, 및 황산기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 1종인 것을 특징으로 하는 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 11】제6항에 있어서,상기 산기를 가지는 수지가 폴리에스테르 수지를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 12】제11항에 있어서,상기 폴리에스테르 수지가 5~100mgKOH/g의 산가를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 13】제6항에 있어서,상기 착색제가 착색안료 마스터배치 형태로 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 14】제6항에 있어서,상기 첨가제가 대전제어제 및 이형제 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 15】제6항에 있어서,상기 분산매가 극성용매, 계면 활성제, 및 증점제 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 토너의 제조방법.
- 【청구항 16】제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 토너를 채용한 전자사진용 화상형성장치.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009801117471A CN101981515A (zh) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-26 | 利用不溶于有机溶剂的树脂的调色剂及其制备方法 |
| JP2011501720A JP2011516912A (ja) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-26 | 有機溶剤に不溶性である樹脂を使用したトナー及びその製造方法 |
| US12/935,259 US20110033207A1 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-26 | Toner using resin being insoluble in organic solvents and method for preparing the same |
| EP09754890A EP2264541A4 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-26 | TONER WITH A RESIN NOT SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLUTIONS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2008-0029822 | 2008-03-31 | ||
| KR1020080029822A KR20090104410A (ko) | 2008-03-31 | 2008-03-31 | 유기용제에 불용성인 수지를 이용한 토너 및 그의 제조방법 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009145425A2 true WO2009145425A2 (ko) | 2009-12-03 |
| WO2009145425A3 WO2009145425A3 (ko) | 2010-01-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
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| PCT/KR2009/001547 Ceased WO2009145425A2 (ko) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-03-26 | 유기용제에 불용성인 수지를 이용한 토너 및 그의 제조방법 |
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| US (1) | US20110033207A1 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP2264541A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2011516912A (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20090104410A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN101981515A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2009145425A2 (ko) |
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| JP5460670B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-14 | 2014-04-02 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー |
| JP6755738B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-28 | 2020-09-16 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー製造方法 |
| JP2018045112A (ja) * | 2016-09-15 | 2018-03-22 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー |
| JP6915598B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-29 | 2021-08-04 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 正帯電型疎水性球状シリカ粒子、その製造方法及びそれを用いた正帯電トナー組成物 |
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| JPH1144969A (ja) * | 1997-07-28 | 1999-02-16 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電子写真用トナー及びその製造方法並びにそのトナーを使用する画像形成方法 |
| DE60031072T2 (de) * | 1999-11-22 | 2007-02-15 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Toner für elektrostatische Bildentwicklung und Bildherstellungsverfahren unter Verwendung desselben |
| US6534229B2 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2003-03-18 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Developer for electrostatic image development |
| KR20020018931A (ko) * | 2000-09-04 | 2002-03-09 | 오쿠무라 고조 | 정전하상 현상용 토너 및 그 제조 방법 |
| JP3740994B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2006-02-01 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 電子写真用カラートナー、カラー画像形成方法及びカラー画像形成装置 |
| EP1467257B1 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2009-11-25 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Resin for toner binder and toner composition |
| EP1403723B1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2013-02-20 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner |
| JP4606357B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-17 | 2011-01-05 | 株式会社リコー | トナー及びその製造方法 |
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2008
- 2008-03-31 KR KR1020080029822A patent/KR20090104410A/ko not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-03-26 EP EP09754890A patent/EP2264541A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-26 CN CN2009801117471A patent/CN101981515A/zh active Pending
- 2009-03-26 US US12/935,259 patent/US20110033207A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-03-26 WO PCT/KR2009/001547 patent/WO2009145425A2/ko not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-26 JP JP2011501720A patent/JP2011516912A/ja active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009145425A3 (ko) | 2010-01-21 |
| US20110033207A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
| EP2264541A4 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
| KR20090104410A (ko) | 2009-10-06 |
| CN101981515A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
| JP2011516912A (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
| EP2264541A2 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
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