Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
  • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
  • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device and a process for lowering noxious substances, particularly CO and CO2, in the exhaust gases discharged into the atmosphere as a consequence of the operation of a heat engine equipping a land, sea or aerial vehicle, with a view to lowering the greenhouse effect caused thereby, as well as to a discharge pipe equipped with such devices wherethrough the gases are discharged into the environment.
• the problem solved by the inventions claimed in the group of inventions consists in substantially lowering particularly the CO and CO 2 presence within the exhaust gases resulting from a heat engine discharged into the atmosphere under the conditions in which there take place the lowering at the hydrocarbon (HC) llevel and at the nitrogen oxides level (NOx), respectively.
• CO and CO 2 are carbon compounds which represent minimum 0.7% by volume CO and 14% by volume CO 2 in the composition of the gases resulting from the fuel combustion in a heat engine.
• CO formation enthalpy has a value of 110.5 Kj/mole
• CO 2 formation enthalpy has a value of 395.5.Kj/mole
• the formation enthalpy values were considered, these being known per se for not burnt hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, thus, for example, for C2H4, the formation enthalpy has the value of 36.63 Kj/mole and for C2H6 the formation enthalpy has the value of - 59.318 Kj/mole, and for example, for NO2 the formation enthalpy is of 33.85 Kj/mole.
• the device eliminates the previously mentioned disadvantages by that it consists of two semicasings, each being provided with one of some lugs and one of some curved end portions, respectively, some pairs of ring-shaped elements provided with some transverse cuts, carried out of electrotechnical copper and lead, respectiveiiy, being located between the semicasings, the lugs being provided with some orifices confined by some threaded walls which allow fixing a screw positioned by means of a nut and through the end portions there is introduced a bolt ensuring the semicasings to be articulated to each other, in each element made of copper there being drilled some through main holes whose radii are equal to one another and the centres are located according to longitudinal lines parallel to one another, and namely according to some transverse lines also parallel to one another, each of the holes being adjacent to some secondary through holes having the centres located on an evolute having the shape of a logarithmic curve, in the position in which the copper made element has a ring shape, the main through hole centres are
• the device claimed by the invention is also characterized by that the beginnings of the secondary through hole evolutes are displaced from one another by an angle of 30 ... 120° and between the beginnings of the main through hole evolutes there is an angular displacement of 30 ... 120, the number of evolutes of the main through hole centres being selected depending on the longitudinal density of these main holes which ranges between 8 ... 9 holes/m.
• the device claimed by the invention is further characterized by the ratio between the surface of the material removed from the copper made elements in order to obatin the main and secondary holes and the surface of the remaining material has a value of 0.1 ... 0.6, under the conditions in whicjh the diameter of a main hole has a value ranging from 1.5 mm ... 3 mm, and the diameter of a secondary hole has a value ranging from 0.1 ... 0.8 mm, the diameter of a secondary hole is by 500% less than the diameter of a main hole.
• the process claimed by the invention applied by means of the device eliminates the disadvantages shown before by that the gases composing the gas stream are treated in at least two regions of the thermal field wherein the thermal gradients have values in the range from 600 ... 1300° each of the thermal gradients being obtained by taking over the thermal energy from the gas stream by means of at least three pairs of elements made of copper and lead, respectively, located in each of the regions as well as bby that of the main and secondary through holes drilled in each of the elements made of copper, in each region of the thermal field the copper elements forming the overlapped pairs have the centres of the main and secondary through holes arranged according to some evolutes in the shape of logarithmic curves whose beginnings are displaced in each following treating region as against the preceeding one by an angle of 30° ...
• the process is further characterized in that the optimal value of the gradients defining the thermal field in each of the regions is obtained under the conditions in which the evolutes of the centres of the main through holes are located in a plane perpendicular to another plane which contains the evolutes of the centres of the secondary through holes, and an angle between the normal to the plane containing the evolutes of the centres of the secondary through holes and the tanget to the evolute of the centres of the main through holes has a value of 70 ... 78°.
• the process is further characterized by that in the regions for treating the gas stream the actual values of the temperature gradients defining the thermal field vary from one another, to the effect of lowering the gas temperature value by 10 ... 20%.
• the exhaust pipe claimed by the invention eliminates the disadvantages mentioned before by that in contact with the said exhaust pipe there are arranged, in at least two treating regions, including in the portion wherein there is placed a catalyst , some pairs of copper and lead elements, respectively, located coaxially with the pipe axis, the first pair in each treating region having the element made of copper, arranged in direct contact with the pipe and the last pair in each treating region having the element made of lead, located to the outer side in contact with the semicasings, the distance between the successive treating regions having a value close to that equal to three times the width of a pair.
• the exhaust pipe claimed by the invention is further characterized by that the consecutive copper elements arrangement is made so that the distance therebetween should be two to three times the width of an element made of copper that has a value of 30 ... 60 mm.
• the device, process and exhaust pipe equipped with such a device as claimed by the invention exhibit the following advantages: they particularly lower the share bof the gases having greenhouse effect, namely CO and CO 2 in the composition of the exhaust gases discharged by the engines into the atmosphere; during operation, the energy supply is made directly from the discharged gas stream; the device and the equipped exhaust pipe have a relatively simple construction, being easy to be mounted and dismounted; they do not interact with the adjoining electric installations as a consequence of the fact that no associated magnetic fields occur; the materials of the device components can be recovered entirely, without causing pollution to the environment; they can be applied to heat engines, irrespective of the power developed by them and the arrangement of cylinders.
• Figure 1 expanded view of a device as claimed by the invention, located around an exhhaust pipe;
• Figure 2 top view with partial fractures of some copper and lead elements which constitute the device;
• Figure 3 top view of the element made of copper;
• Figure 4 view of an exhaust pipe on which there is mounted a device wherein there is practiced a fracture;
• Figure 5 a plane view of the arrangemenmt of centres of some main holes practiced in the element made of copper in a section about a plane A-A given in Figure 4;
• Figure 6 a plane view of the arrangement around the exhaust pipe of the elements made of copper and lead, which are given schematically;
• Figure 8 a schematic representation of the geometric locus of the centres of the main holes as against the geometric locus of the secondary hole centres;
• Figure 9 side view of an exhaust pipe equipped with devices carried out according to the invention;
• FIG 10 side view of an exhaust pipe wherein there is mounted a catalyst having mounted lengthwise some devices carried out according to the invention.
• the device claimed by the invention consists of two semicasings 1 and 2 each preferably having a semicylindrical shapoe and being provided with one of some lugs a and b, respectively, with one of the curved end protions c and d.
• Each pair A may be mounted concentrically with the first pair A, with the mention that the inner element 3 made of copper thereof is arranged in direct contact and concentrically with an exhaust pipe 5 known per se, and the last element 4 made of lead of the last pair A is in direct contact with the semicasings 1 and 2.
• the number of pairs A may be equal to 3 or with an upper limit number for ensuring a caloric energy dissipation of the exhaust gases circulating through the pipe 5 with a thermal gradient within the range from 600 ... 1300° C/m and the actual values of the temperature gradients vary to the effect of lowering the gas temperature value by 10 ... 20%.
• the thickness of element 4 made of lead is higher than the thickness of element 3 made of copper with a percentage ranging from 800% to 1200%.
• each element 3 there are drilled some main through holes i having the radii equal to one another and the centres arranged according to longitudinal parallel lines, namely according to some transverse lines also parallel between them.
• Each of the holes i is adjacent to some secondary through holes j whose centres are located on an evolute k in the shape of a logarithmic curve when element 3 is curved.
• the beginnings of the imaginary evolutes k are displaced from one another by an angle of 30° ... 120°.
• the ratio between the total area without holes i and j of the element 3 made of electrotechnical copper and the total area of the holes i, j have a value ranging from 1.66 ... 10..
• the centres of the through holes i are located on an evolute I having the shape of a logarithmic curve.
• the number of evolutes I depends on the longitudinal density of holes i.
• This density ranges from 8 ... 9 holes/meter.
• the diameter of a hole I has a value ranging from 1.5 ... 3 mm and the diameter of a hole j has a value ranging from 0.1 ... 0.8 mm.
• the diameter of a secomndary hole j is by up to 500% less than the diameter of a main hole i.
• the process comprises contating the pipe 5 with at least two copper elements 3 having the centres of the holes i located on evolutes I and the centres of holes j located on the evolutes k whose beginnings are displaced between them by the same angle having a value in the range of 30 ... 120°.
• This arrangement is made in order to achieve an action upon the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide existing in the exhaust gases flowing through the pipe 5 under the conditions in which the molecular velocity distribution of these gases follows a Maxwell distribution according to velocities .
• the arrangement of the consecutive elements 3 is made so that the distance therebetween is two to three times the width of an element 3 which has a value of 30 ... 60 mm.
• the exhaust pipe there are mounted at least two devices which convert a part of the exhaust gas energy necessary for the atomic cleavage thereof by the pairs of elements 3 and 4 under the conditions in which the thermal gradient ranges from 600 ... 1300°C-m, as a consequence of the absoption of heat from the exhaust gases.
• the associastion of the materials that the elements 3 and 4 are made of has in view the crystalline structures of copper and of lead, respectively, so as to create, between two consecutive copper elements 3, a thermal gradient due to the thermal properties of element 4 made of lead which has a reduced thermal conductivity of 397 J/(s m.degree C), and lead has a thermal conductivity of 34.7 J/(s m. degree C).
• This molecuar cleavage is facilitated by the electric field generated by the thermal gradient which determines an interaction potential difference as against the exhaust gas atoms.
• Treating the gas stream is achieved by means of some thermal gradients whose values range from 600 ... 1300°C/m.
• the temperature gradient is achieved by taking over the thermal energy from the gas stream, in at least two regions confined along the gas stream flow path.
• the gas stream comprising CO and CO2 is subjected to the action of a thermal field in the presence of the evolutes I of the centres of the through holes i with the beginnings displaced from one another by the same angle, but having the evolutes displaced from one another by an angle ranging from 30 ... 120 °.
• the evolutes I of the centres of the through holes i with the beginnings displaced from one another by the same angle, but having the evolutes displaced from one another by an angle ranging from 30 ... 120 °.
• the evolutes I of the centres of holes i are located in a plane P perpendicular to a plane Q which comprises the evolutes k of the centres of holes j.
• An angle ⁇ between the normal to plane Q and the tangent to evolute I has a value in the range of 70 ... 78°.
• elements 3 made of copper which constitute the overlapped pairs A have the centres of holes i and j arranged after the evolutes I and k whose beginnings are displaced in each treatiung region following to the preceeding one by an angle of 30 ... 120°, so that the beginning of any one of the evolutes I and k in the last treating region are displaced by an angle of 360 ° as against the beginnings of evolutes I and k in the first treating region.
• the process claimed by the invention in another embodiment, comprises achieving a gas stream treating region in front of the portion of pipe 5 in which a catalyst 8 is placed, said catalyst having a composition known per se, which creates a thermal gradient with a value of 600 ... 1300 ' C/m.
• This thermal gradient is constituted by using part of the caloric energy of the gas stream which crossed a previous treating region, created by the packets of elements 3 and 4 by subjecting the stream to the thermal field action, to which there is associated another thermal gradient with the value given before, created by the packets of overlapped elements 3 and 4 arranged to the outer side of catalyst 8.
• the evolutes I in the region in front of the portion containing the catalyst 8 are displaced by an angle of 30 ... 120° as against the evolutes I in the previous treating region.
• the treating region created in front of the portion containing the catalyst 8 there can be created other regions for treating the gas stream by mounting the overlapped packets of elements 3 and 4 onto the pipe 5 at pre-established distances.
• the effect of the region for treating the gas stream created by the overlapped elements 3 and 4 in the portion containing the catalyst 8 consists in the action of the thermal field in front of the overlapped elements both on the ga strwam components and on the catalyst 8 components.
• the gas stream temerature upon the outlet from pipe 5 and their release into the atmosphere by carrying out the regions for treating the gas stream along the pipe 5 by means of the packets of overlapped elements 3 and 4 has a value by 10 - 15% less than the value of the gas stream temperature in atmosphere under the conditions in which along the pipe 5 there are not carried out regions for treating the gas stream.
• E represents the energy required for the chemical dissociation of the
• the first term representing the Coulombian interaction the second term - repulsive, being generated by the kinetic energy of electrons, consequently being dependent on temperature according to the liniar expansion relation, and the third term being of zero energy.
• the exhaust pipe 5 as claimed by the invention has at least two treating regions in which it is contacted with some pairs A of overlapped elements 3 and 4 made of copper and lead, respectively, located coaxially with the pipe axis 5.
• the distance between the successive treating zones have a value close to that equal to three times the width of a pair A.
• the arrangement of consecutive elements 3 is made so that the distance between them is twice to three times the width of an element 3 which has a value of 30 ... 60 mm.
• the arrangement on pipe 5 of two or more devices makes possible a cleavage of CO and CO2 into atoms along their whole width, and in the space between two adjacent devices there takes place a relaxation of the energy levels of atoms in CO and CO2, thereafter by crossing the immediately following device there takes place a new absorption of the thermal energy from the exhaust gases by the elements 3 and 4, which leads to continuing the cleavage into atoms of CO and CO2.
• the Otto engine has a cylinder capacity of 1940 cubic centimeters and uses
• the pipe 5 is not equipped with a probe ⁇ , for sensing theamount of oxygen present in the exhaust gases.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)

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Publications (3)

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Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2008
  • 2008-12-24 RO ROA200801021A patent/RO122734B1/ro unknown
• 2009
  • 2009-12-24 WO PCT/RO2009/000026 patent/WO2010077162A2/en not_active Ceased

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