WO2010106143A1 - Filet pour l'aquaculture - Google Patents

Filet pour l'aquaculture Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010106143A1
WO2010106143A1 PCT/EP2010/053552 EP2010053552W WO2010106143A1 WO 2010106143 A1 WO2010106143 A1 WO 2010106143A1 EP 2010053552 W EP2010053552 W EP 2010053552W WO 2010106143 A1 WO2010106143 A1 WO 2010106143A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
net
uhmwpe
fiber
fibers
net according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2010/053552
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Miller
Andreas Wageningen Van
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DSM IP Assets BV
Original Assignee
DSM IP Assets BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DSM IP Assets BV filed Critical DSM IP Assets BV
Publication of WO2010106143A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010106143A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K75/00—Accessories for fishing nets; Details of fishing nets, e.g. structure
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
    • D02G3/18—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like
    • D02G3/182—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure
    • D02G3/185—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure in the core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a net for aquaculture, said net comprising yarns joined at intervals to form net meshes.
  • Aquaculture may be generally defined as the demand for favorable conditions for the growth of aquatic animals.
  • the industry of aquaculture is also known as fish farming.
  • Typical aquaculture systems utilizes nets suspended in water by flotation devices, such nets being used to prevent attacks on the farmed aquatic animals by aquatic predators and also to keep the farmed aquatic animals from escaping. Serious losses are caused in such aquaculture systems by aquatic predators that easily penetrate the nets and feed upon the farmed aquatic animals.
  • a further serious problem is that farmed fish escape from the nets in large quantities, if the nets are damaged by predators or by the farmed fish itself. Especially in case of genetically modified salmon this constitutes a serious problem.
  • auxiliary net that surrounds and is spaced from the fish retaining primary net.
  • Heavy duty metallic meshes and shark meshes are usually employed in building the auxiliary nets.
  • the metallic meshes are heavy and difficult to handle and tend to corrode in the sea water when the mesh is submerged for a long period of time.
  • a further drawback is that such metallic meshes encourage the growth of weed and the adhesion of marine organisms and must be regularly cleaned and maintained by a trained diver.
  • WO 00/74476 discloses a marine netting comprising a network of grid elements, the network comprising an array of core elements being coated with polyurethane, the core elements being polyester strands that may further comprise Vectran or Kevlar fibers.
  • the polyester strands present a low breaking strength and furthermore fish may pull out strands from the polyester netting, making such net less suitable for fish farming.
  • the aim is achieved according to the invention in that a net is provided the net comprising yarns joined at intervals to form net meshes, the yarns comprising at least one type of synthetic fiber, twisted around a core containing one or more glass fibers.
  • the net according to the invention has improved strength and rigidity combined with an excellent resistance to nibbling, gnawing or biting by the aquatic animals, even though the glass fiber is in the core and is covered by the less resistant synthetic yarn with lower hardness.
  • the net according to the invention presents less damage when subjected to nibbling by the farmed aquatic animals, or when subjected to nibbling, gnawing or biting by the aquatic predators. As a result, said net virtually eliminates losses, no farmed aquatic animal being able to escape from the confined water body, hence providing important financial benefits.
  • Due to the improved rigidity, especially due to the improved bending rigidity the net according to the invention prevents external aquatic predators to harm the farmed aquatic animals by biting them through the net.
  • the net also shows an improved planar rigidity resisting to horizontal deformation in response to aquatic predator impact and strong water currents. The improved planar rigidity prevents severe net deformations and crowding of the farmed aquatic animals, reducing the stress to which the aquatic animals are subjected and consequently promoting feeding and growth.
  • the weight of the nets is maintained at a relatively low level.
  • a smooth production process of the net is possible, and also a net with excellent handling properties is obtained.
  • a net is disclosed containing a cord or rope having a core of synthetic fibers or natural fibers, surrounded by a cover of basalt or glass fibers, having a SiO2 content of at least 50 wt. %. Because of the presence of the basalt or glass fibers in the cover of the net cords or ropes, the net has favorable anti-fouling properties.
  • the net disclosed in DE 20 2005 003 291 U1 does not contain a yarn, having at least one glass fiber in the core, the core being wrapped with at least one type of synthetic yarn. Furthermore there is no indication that the net with the improved bite-resistance and yet favourable further properties is obtained.
  • the synthetic fibers used in the net according to the invention may be made from a wide variety of polymers used in the formation the synthetic fibers which may be spun by using conventional spinning techniques as for example those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,967,085; 2,716,586; 2,558,730; 3,147,355; 3,047,356; 3,536,219; 3,048,465; British Patent Nos. 985,729 and 1 ,100,497; and in the article by M. E. Epstein and AJ. Rosenthal, Textile res. J. 36, 813 (1966).
  • the synthetic fibers used to construct the net according to the invention are polyolefin fibers.
  • the fibers are UHMwPE fibers.
  • said net is lightweight and therefore easy to install and handle no bigger lifting equipment or larger workboats being needed, even while the yarn of the net contains at least one glass fiber. Because of its improved mechanical properties said net needs much lees maintenance, and most important said net eliminates the use of the double - net system in cages.
  • the UHMWPE fibers are preferably manufactured according to a gel spinning process as described in numerous publications, including EP 0205960 A, EP 0213208 A1 , US 44131 10, GB 2042414 A, EP 0200547 B1 , EP 04721 14 B1 , WO 01/73173 A1 , and Advanced Fiber Spinning Technology, Ed. T. Nakajima, Woodhead Publ. Ltd (1994), ISBN 1-855-73182-7, and references cited therein.
  • the UHMWPE has an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of at least 5 dl/g.
  • IV was determined according to method PTC-179 (Hercules Inc. Rev. Apr. 29, 1982) at a temperature of 135°C and using decalin as a solvent for UHMWPE, with a dissolution time of 16 hours, with an anti-oxidant DBPC in an amount of 2 g/l solution, and extrapolating the viscosities at different concentrations to zero concentration.
  • UHMWPE with an IV of preferably between 8 and 40 dl/g, more preferably between 10 and 30 dl/g, even more preferably between 12 and 28 dl/g.
  • the UHMWPE can be a single polymer grade, but also a mixture of at least two different UHMWPE grades.
  • UHMWPE grade is understood UHMWPE with a specific IV or molar weight distribution, and a specific number of side chains, said side chains having a specific configuration.
  • the tensile strength of UHMWPE fiber is at least 1.5 GPa, more preferably at least 2.5 GPa.
  • Tensile strength is determined on multi-fiber UHMWPE yarns as specified in ASTM D885M, using a nominal gauge length of the fibre of 500 mm, a crosshead speed of 50%/min and lnstron 2714 clamps, type Fiber Grip D5618C.
  • the stiffness of UHMWPE fiber is at least 35 GPa, more preferably at least 50 GPa.
  • the weight per unit length of the UHMwPE fiber is between 800 and 2400 denier, more preferably between 1200 and 1800 denier.
  • the glass fiber may consist of one or more glass filaments.
  • the glass fiber is a multi-filament glass fiber.
  • the weight per unit length of the glass fiber is between 800 and 1500 denier, more preferably between 900 and 1200 denier.
  • the yarn used in the net according to the invention may have a weight per unit length of up to 8000 denier, preferably up to 6000 denier, more preferably up to 4000 denier.
  • the yarn may contain more than 50 weight % of the synthetic fiber, preferably more than 50 weight % of the UHMwPE fiber. In that case a further improved net showing a very high strength and yet very good bite resistance is obtained.
  • the yarn contains more than 75 weight % of the UHMwPE fiber.
  • the yarn may produced by winding one or more synthetic fibers around a core of one or more glass fibers by using conventional equipment well-known by the skilled person.
  • the net according to the invention is preferably a knotless net.
  • knotless net has many advantages over traditional knotted net such as a decreased weight for the same area and therefore easiness to handling and lower production costs because of saving of material.
  • said knotless net when used in fish farming presents a higher breaking strength than the usual commercial net.
  • the most important advantage is the improved abrasion resistance because of the net's smoother surface, hence the eventual injuries that may be inflicted by the net to the fish due to abrasion are strongly reduced.
  • the mesh type of the net according to the invention may be square, hexagonal, diamond and the like.
  • the mesh type is square, such a mesh construction giving the maximum water flow through the net and furthermore because of its continuous straight line of meshes the square mesh has extra strength.
  • the mesh size of the net according to the invention is preferably chosen such to maximize the water movement past the fish in order to provide a good oxygenation, which is essential to growth and survival.
  • the yarns comprising the net may coated with lubricant coatings applied thereon, to further reduce abrasion and inner friction, to increase the life time of the net, to prevent bio-fouling growth on the net, which can reduce the water flow to the fish and increase drag on the net.
  • Equipment and processes for producing nets are well-known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a yarn was produced by winding with standard equipment two multifilament fiber of UHMwPE of each 1600 denier around a multifilament glass fiber having a weight per unit of length of 900 denier.
  • UHMwPE fiber Dyneema TM SK 75 of DSM Dyneema in the Netherlands was used.
  • a knotless net was produced from the yarn in a 4-ply, ultra-cross construction, having a width of 4 meters and a length of 10 meters.
  • the mesh width of the net was 42 mm.
  • the mesh strength as determined according to ISO 1806 was 180 kg.
  • a yarn was produced by twisting two DyneemaTM SK 75 fibers of 1600 denier.
  • a knotless net was produced from the yarn in an 8-ply ultra-cross construction, having a mesh width of 50 mm.
  • the mesh strength as determined according to ISO 1806 was 172 kg. Comparative example B
  • a yarn was produced by twisting two Dyneema TM SK 75 fibers of 1600 denier and a multifilament glass fiber of 900 denier.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)

Abstract

Filet pour l'aquaculture, composé de fils se croisant à des intervalles pour former des mailles de filet, ces fils comprenant au moins un type de fibre synthétique enroulée autour d'une âme contenant une ou plusieurs fibres de verre. Le filet présente une résistance améliorée contre les morsures de prédateurs et de poissons qui sont élevés à l'intérieur du filet.
PCT/EP2010/053552 2009-03-20 2010-03-18 Filet pour l'aquaculture Ceased WO2010106143A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09004011 2009-03-20
EP09004011.4 2009-03-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010106143A1 true WO2010106143A1 (fr) 2010-09-23

Family

ID=40940321

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2010/053552 Ceased WO2010106143A1 (fr) 2009-03-20 2010-03-18 Filet pour l'aquaculture

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2010106143A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013000995A1 (fr) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Filet résistant aux prédateurs aquatiques
CN103875570A (zh) * 2014-04-01 2014-06-25 长兴德裕新材料有限公司 一种不易变形水产养殖网及其编织方法
NL2011328C2 (en) * 2013-08-22 2015-02-24 Maritiem Consultants B V Net and a method of making the same.
NL2018239B1 (en) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-01 Lankhorst Euronete Portugal S A Sinkable ropes and nets

Citations (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2558730A (en) 1947-09-04 1951-07-03 American Cyanamid Co Method of preparing shaped products from polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile
US2716586A (en) 1951-09-08 1955-08-30 Ind Rayon Corp Wet spinning of acrylonitrile polymers
US2949807A (en) * 1957-09-02 1960-08-23 Bayer Ag Fishing net or the like made of braided plastic filaments
US2967085A (en) 1957-05-29 1961-01-03 Stockholms Superfosfat Fab Ab Process of wet-spinning fibers containing polyacrylonitrile
US3047356A (en) 1959-09-25 1962-07-31 Globe Mfg Company Polyurethanes
US3048465A (en) 1956-12-08 1962-08-07 Glanzstoff Ag Polyolefin wet spinning process
US3147355A (en) 1960-02-05 1964-09-01 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Electrical fuse of the cartridge type incorporating cylindrical assembly of fusible links
GB985729A (en) 1962-10-23 1965-03-10 Rhovyl Sa Process for wet spinning vinyl chloride polymers
GB1100497A (en) 1965-02-01 1968-01-24 Tno Production of fibres from thermosensitive polymers
US3536219A (en) 1960-07-22 1970-10-27 Celanese Corp Process for preparing high tenacity polyoxymethylone fibers
GB2042414A (en) 1979-02-08 1980-09-24 Stamicarbon Dry-spinning polymer filaments
US4413110A (en) 1981-04-30 1983-11-01 Allied Corporation High tenacity, high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene fibers and intermediates therefore
EP0205960A2 (fr) 1985-06-17 1986-12-30 AlliedSignal Inc. Fibre de polyoléfine à haute ténacité, à faible retrait, à module très élevé et à très bas fluage et ayant une bonne rétention de résistance à haute température ainsi que sa méthode de fabrication
EP0213208A1 (fr) 1985-02-15 1987-03-11 Toray Industries, Inc. Fil multifilament en polyethylene
EP0200547B1 (fr) 1985-05-01 1991-07-03 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Article moulé à haut degré d'orientation en polyéthylène de poids moléculaire très élevé et son procédé de fabrication
EP0472114B1 (fr) 1985-01-11 1999-04-14 AlliedSignal Inc. Articles formés de polyéthylène à poids moléculaire moyen ayant un haut module
WO2000074476A1 (fr) 1999-06-03 2000-12-14 Usf Johnson Screens (Newcastle) Pty Ltd Filet marin
WO2001073173A1 (fr) 2000-03-27 2001-10-04 Honeywell International Inc. Filament a tenacite et module eleves
US20020127398A1 (en) * 1996-06-27 2002-09-12 Andrews Mark A. Protective yarn
JP2003064541A (ja) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-05 Toyobo Co Ltd 高比重複合糸
JP2004308047A (ja) * 2003-04-04 2004-11-04 Yotsuami:Kk ガラス繊維を含む糸条
DE202005003291U1 (de) 2005-03-01 2006-07-13 Sakrowski, Klaus Dieter Tauwerk bzw. Schnüre oder Seile mit Antifoulingeigenschaften sowie Fischereinetze, diese Schnüre oder Seile enthaltend

Patent Citations (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2558730A (en) 1947-09-04 1951-07-03 American Cyanamid Co Method of preparing shaped products from polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile
US2716586A (en) 1951-09-08 1955-08-30 Ind Rayon Corp Wet spinning of acrylonitrile polymers
US3048465A (en) 1956-12-08 1962-08-07 Glanzstoff Ag Polyolefin wet spinning process
US2967085A (en) 1957-05-29 1961-01-03 Stockholms Superfosfat Fab Ab Process of wet-spinning fibers containing polyacrylonitrile
US2949807A (en) * 1957-09-02 1960-08-23 Bayer Ag Fishing net or the like made of braided plastic filaments
US3047356A (en) 1959-09-25 1962-07-31 Globe Mfg Company Polyurethanes
US3147355A (en) 1960-02-05 1964-09-01 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Electrical fuse of the cartridge type incorporating cylindrical assembly of fusible links
US3536219A (en) 1960-07-22 1970-10-27 Celanese Corp Process for preparing high tenacity polyoxymethylone fibers
GB985729A (en) 1962-10-23 1965-03-10 Rhovyl Sa Process for wet spinning vinyl chloride polymers
GB1100497A (en) 1965-02-01 1968-01-24 Tno Production of fibres from thermosensitive polymers
GB2042414A (en) 1979-02-08 1980-09-24 Stamicarbon Dry-spinning polymer filaments
US4413110A (en) 1981-04-30 1983-11-01 Allied Corporation High tenacity, high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene fibers and intermediates therefore
EP0472114B1 (fr) 1985-01-11 1999-04-14 AlliedSignal Inc. Articles formés de polyéthylène à poids moléculaire moyen ayant un haut module
EP0213208A1 (fr) 1985-02-15 1987-03-11 Toray Industries, Inc. Fil multifilament en polyethylene
EP0200547B1 (fr) 1985-05-01 1991-07-03 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Article moulé à haut degré d'orientation en polyéthylène de poids moléculaire très élevé et son procédé de fabrication
EP0205960A2 (fr) 1985-06-17 1986-12-30 AlliedSignal Inc. Fibre de polyoléfine à haute ténacité, à faible retrait, à module très élevé et à très bas fluage et ayant une bonne rétention de résistance à haute température ainsi que sa méthode de fabrication
US20020127398A1 (en) * 1996-06-27 2002-09-12 Andrews Mark A. Protective yarn
WO2000074476A1 (fr) 1999-06-03 2000-12-14 Usf Johnson Screens (Newcastle) Pty Ltd Filet marin
WO2001073173A1 (fr) 2000-03-27 2001-10-04 Honeywell International Inc. Filament a tenacite et module eleves
JP2003064541A (ja) * 2001-08-22 2003-03-05 Toyobo Co Ltd 高比重複合糸
JP2004308047A (ja) * 2003-04-04 2004-11-04 Yotsuami:Kk ガラス繊維を含む糸条
DE202005003291U1 (de) 2005-03-01 2006-07-13 Sakrowski, Klaus Dieter Tauwerk bzw. Schnüre oder Seile mit Antifoulingeigenschaften sowie Fischereinetze, diese Schnüre oder Seile enthaltend

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FISH FARMING INTERNATIONAL, November 2005 (2005-11-01), pages 34
M. E. EPSTEIN; A.J. ROSENTHAL, TEXTILE RES. J., vol. 36, 1966, pages 813
T. NAKAJIMA,: "Advanced Fiber Spinning Technology", 1994, WOODHEAD PUBL. LTD

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013000995A1 (fr) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Filet résistant aux prédateurs aquatiques
NL2011328C2 (en) * 2013-08-22 2015-02-24 Maritiem Consultants B V Net and a method of making the same.
WO2015026229A1 (fr) * 2013-08-22 2015-02-26 Maritiem Consultants B.V. Filet et son procédé de fabrication
US10253438B2 (en) 2013-08-22 2019-04-09 Maritiem Consultants B.V. Net and a method of making the same
CN103875570A (zh) * 2014-04-01 2014-06-25 长兴德裕新材料有限公司 一种不易变形水产养殖网及其编织方法
NL2018239B1 (en) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-01 Lankhorst Euronete Portugal S A Sinkable ropes and nets
WO2018138298A1 (fr) 2017-01-26 2018-08-02 Lankhorst Euronete Portugal, S.A. Cordes et filets immersibles
GB2590105A (en) * 2017-01-26 2021-06-23 Lankhorst Euronete Portugal S A Sinkable ropes and nets
GB2590105B (en) * 2017-01-26 2022-02-16 Lankhorst Euronete Portugal S A Sinkable ropes and nets
NO348535B1 (en) * 2017-01-26 2025-03-03 Lankhorst Euronete Portugal S A Sinkable ropes and nets

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