WO2010132050A1 - Structure à catalyseur de pile à combustible pem (à membrane d'échange de protons) et à couche de diffusion pour une plus grande capacité de stockage d'eau et une meilleure performance de démarrage à froid - Google Patents

Structure à catalyseur de pile à combustible pem (à membrane d'échange de protons) et à couche de diffusion pour une plus grande capacité de stockage d'eau et une meilleure performance de démarrage à froid Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010132050A1
WO2010132050A1 PCT/US2009/043747 US2009043747W WO2010132050A1 WO 2010132050 A1 WO2010132050 A1 WO 2010132050A1 US 2009043747 W US2009043747 W US 2009043747W WO 2010132050 A1 WO2010132050 A1 WO 2010132050A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell according
catalyst layer
diffusion layer
gas diffusion
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/043747
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English (en)
Inventor
Shivakumar Kameswaran
Rachid Zaffou
Takahisa Suzuki
Patrick L. Hagans
Ned E. Cipollini
Michael L. Perry
Cynthia Ann York
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Toyota Motor Corp
UTC Power Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
UTC Power Corp
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Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp, UTC Power Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Priority to PCT/US2009/043747 priority Critical patent/WO2010132050A1/fr
Publication of WO2010132050A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010132050A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04171—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal using adsorbents, wicks or hydrophilic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/8668—Binders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0241—Composites
    • H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
  • the disclosure relates to catalyst and diffusion layer structure and their characteristics that relate to water storage capacity during fuel cell cold start.
  • a proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes multiple individual cells arranged in a stack. Each cell has an anode and a cathode on either side of a proton exchange membrane (PEM).
  • a fuel such as hydrogen
  • an oxidant or reactant such as air
  • a porous catalyst layer is arranged on each of the anode and cathode sides adjacent to the PEM. Water is formed during the chemical reactions within the cathode electrode in the fuel cell. Under freezing conditions, the product water accumulates within various porous structures in the fuel cell.
  • Water storage capacity is used as a tool to evaluate water fill capacity of a fuel cell during cold start ( ⁇ 0 0 C), which in turn is used as measure to investigate cold start performance.
  • WSC Water storage capacity is typically calculated from constant current or constant voltage isothermal experiments. Such experiments provide important information about fuel cell layers and various operational strategies critical to product water management during startup.
  • a catalyst layer having an ionomer with an equivalent weight of 1100, a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, a porosity of 40% and a volume fraction of 0.2 at a constant current density of 50 mA/cm 2 at a temperature of -2O 0 C has a water storage capacity that is filled in approximately 149 seconds of operation at fuel cell startup in sub-freezing temperatures when used with a PEM having the same equivalent weight and a thickness of 18 ⁇ m.
  • Ice can form from residual water remaining in the stack under sub-freezing temperatures, which is undesirable.
  • the fuel cell typically includes various design PA-0008056-WO features to mitigate the unwanted effects of ice buildup.
  • ice can form in a fuel cell, which can result in fuel cell failure.
  • applying a current load to the stack in these conditions can lead to a continuous build up of ice that blocks the path of the reactant to the catalyst surface. The chemical reactions within the fuel cell will cease once the reactant flow has been blocked.
  • What is needed is a fuel cell in which the water can be accommodated such that when it freezes the ice does not obstruct the reactant flow during the transient conditions encountered during a cold start while the fuel cell temperature is below freezing.
  • an interface between a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer includes a temperature responsive material that variably absorbs/desorbs water to temporarily increase water storage capacity at low temperatures.
  • Figure 1 is a highly schematic view of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a catalyst layer having a material with a nonlinear water absorption isotherm.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a gas diffusion layer having a material with a nonlinear water absorption isotherm.
  • Figure 4 schematically depicts a carbon substrate treated with a modifier material.
  • a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) 10 is shown in Figure 1.
  • the PEMFC 10 includes multiple individual cells 12 arranged in a stack. Typically dozens or more cells 12 are arranged adjacent to one another within the stack. Each cell 12 has an anode plate 16 and a cathode plate 18 on either side of a unitized electrode assembly (UEA) 14.
  • the UEA 14 includes a proton exchange membrane (PEM) 30 arranged between catalyst layers 32.
  • a gas diffusion layer (GDL) 34 is arranged adjacent to each catalyst layer 32 opposite the PEM 30.
  • the GDL 34 includes a microporous layer (MiPL) 36 and a macroporous layer (MaPL) 38.
  • the MiPL 36 includes pores that are smaller than the pores in the MaPL 38.
  • a fuel source 20 supplies fuel, such as hydrogen, to fuel flow fields 26 in the anode plate 16.
  • An oxidant source 22, such as the surrounding environment, supplies an oxidant or reactant, such as air, with a pump 24 to a reactant flow field 28 in the cathode plate 18.
  • the GDL 34 on the anode side evenly distributes the hydrogen from the fuel flow fields 26 to the catalyst 32 on the anode side.
  • the GDL 34 on the cathode side evenly distributes the oxygen from the reactant flow field 28 to the catalyst 32 on the cathode side.
  • the anode catalyst separates the hydrogen to provide hydrogen ions
  • the cathode catalyst separates the oxygen molecule into oxygen ions.
  • the free electrons from the separated hydrogen atoms are used to power a load 40 and are returned to the catalyst 32 on the cathode side of the PEM 30.
  • the hydrogen protons pass across the PEM 30 and react with the oxygen ions in the reactant and the returning electrons to form water and produce heat.
  • the water created during the chemical reactions within the fuel cell can form ice in sub-freezing temperatures. If enough ice forms, the reactant flow can become obstructed such that reactant is no longer supplied to the cathode catalyst, thus stopping the chemical reactions within the fuel cell 10.
  • the fuel cell embodiments of this disclosure accommodate more water at fuel cell startup in sub-freezing temperatures than prior art fuel cell arrangements. As a result, the fuel cell is afforded additional time to PA-0008056-WO heat up to an above-freezing temperature, which prevents the reactant flow (through layers 32, 36, 38) from becoming entirely obstructed.
  • the fuel cell 10 includes a porous structure, such as the catalyst layer 32 or GDL 34, having a material 44 ( Figures 2 and 3) with a non-linear water adsorption isotherm.
  • the material 44 is arranged at an interface 42 between the catalyst layer 32 and the gas diffusion layer 34 on the cathode side, as shown in Figure 1. More particularly, the material 44 can be provided in the catalyst layer 32, for example, as shown in Figure 2. Alternatively or additionally, the material 44 can be provided in the MiPL 36, shown in Figure 3, which is typically constructed from carbon fibers.
  • the material 44 stores water without any significant change to its physical structure.
  • the material 44 absorbs water below a first temperature and desorbs water at a second temperature that is greater than the first temperature.
  • the first temperature is around the freezing point of water so that additional water is accommodated at sub-freezing temperatures that tend to create ice buildup.
  • the second temperature is at a temperature above the freezing point of water so that this unneeded additional water storage capacity is eliminated.
  • the material 44 is a generally non-conductive zeolite.
  • Zeolites are typically a naturally occurring mineral group that consists of a special crystalline structure that is porous but remains rigid in the presence of water. Some zeolites have extremely nonlinear adsorption isotherms to water. When heated they release water (and adsorb heat) and when cooled they will adsorb water and heat.
  • a material that absorbs and desorbs at the desired temperature in one example between approximately 5°C (first temperature) and 65°C (second temperature).
  • a fuel cell with zeolites will take longer to freeze due to the heat of adsorption, which can be desirable.
  • the fuel cell will also take longer to heat up, but may not be a disadvantage if the desorption occurs well above 0 0 C.
  • Zeolites are not highly electrically conductive, so a desired location for these materials is in the UEA 14, for example, at the interface 42.
  • the fuel cell 10 includes a hydrophilic (lower equivalent weight) membrane with characteristics that facilitate additional water storage over prior art, such as a PEM 30 or catalyst layer 32.
  • a hydrophilic (lower equivalent weight) membrane with characteristics that facilitate additional water storage over prior art, such as a PEM 30 or catalyst layer 32.
  • the parameters given below relate to an example operating condition of approximately -20 0 C, ambient pressure, a current density of 50 mA/cm 2 , an initial water content in the PEM 30 and catalyst layers 32 of 3, and an initial ice fraction of 0 in the pores of layers 32, 36 and 38.
  • Table I Desired fuel cell parameters for increased water storage capacity and improved cold-start performance
  • the membrane equivalent weight in layers 30 and 32, and porosity of layer 32 on the cathode side have been found to have the greatest effect in increasing fuel cell water storage capacity.
  • a perfluoro sulfonic acid material such as
  • NAFION comprising an equivalent weight of less than 1100 per gram in layers 30 and
  • the equivalent weight is the number of sulfonic acid groups in one gram of material.
  • the perfluoro sulfonic acid material has an equivalent weight 800-1100 per gram.
  • the thickness of the layers 30 and 32 also has an impact upon increasing water storage capacity.
  • the PEM 30 is approximately 10-35 ⁇ m thick, and in another example, at least 18 ⁇ m thick.
  • the membrane is 18-35 ⁇ m thick, for example.
  • the layer 32 is 5-16 ⁇ m thick, and in another example, at least 10 ⁇ m thick, for example.
  • the volume fraction of perfluoro sulfonic acid has some ability to increase water storage capacity as well.
  • the catalyst layer 32 includes a 0.3 volume fraction of perfluoro sulfonic acid material.
  • a catalyst layer 32 having an equivalent weight of 800, a thickness of 16 ⁇ m, a porosity of 60% and a volume fraction of 0.3 of the NAFION has a water storage capacity that is filled in approximately 398 seconds of operation at fuel cell PA-0008056-WO startup in sub-freezing temperatures (-20 0 C, ambient pressure, a current density of 50 mA/cm 2 , an initial water content in the PEM 30 and catalyst layers 32 of 3, and an initial ice fraction of 0 in the pores of layers 32, 36 and 38) when used with a PEM having the same equivalent weight and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
  • a catalyst layer 32 having an equivalent weight of 800, a thickness of 16 ⁇ m, a porosity of 50% and a volume fraction of 0.27 of the NAFION has a water storage capacity that is filled in approximately 348 seconds of operation at fuel cell startup in sub-freezing temperatures (-20 0 C, ambient pressure, a current density of 50 mA/cm 2 , an initial water content in the PEM 30 and catalyst layers 32 of 3, and an initial ice fraction of 0 in the pores of layers 32, 36 and 38) when used with a PEM having the same equivalent weight and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
  • the GDL 34 includes a carbon substrate having a first wicking capacity.
  • the GDL contains carbon fibers with a carbonized phenolic binder.
  • the carbon substrate 46 is coated with a modifier material 48 that provides the GDL 34 with a second wicking capacity that is greater than the first wicking capacity. The modifier increases the wicking capacity by creating more hydrophilic pores and/or smaller pores with better wicking due to capillary forces.
  • the carbon fibers of the MiPL or MaPL can be catalyzed to provide additional electrode surface area for oxygen reduction.
  • the added surface area for oxygen reduction is associated with an additional volume of water storage capacity.
  • the MaPL is on the order of 175 ⁇ m thick and contains approximately 14 ⁇ L volume compared to the 0.5 ⁇ L of volume for a cathode catalyst layer. This is desirable whether product water is in the supercooled state or as ice.
  • U 107 (available from Mitsubishi), which contains carbon fibers with a carbonized phenolic binder, was treated with an ink composed of 63 weight percent of 850 EW NAFION (DuPont DE2029) and 37 weight percent Pt/C (TKK 10V50E, 47w%Pt on VULCAN XC-72), on a dry weight basis. On a dry basis 1.4 mg/cm 2 of ink was added to U107, which is calculated to be about 0.5 ⁇ coating on each PA-0008056-WO fiber. The ink was diluted with solvent so that it completely filled the GDL. The ink coated and bridged some of the fibers.
  • the bridges were mainly perpendicular to the plane of the GDL, so their impact on performance is small, verified experimentally. Also, the coating was a lighter color within the GDL because of the Pt.
  • the increased water storage capacity may simply be a result of small, hydrophilic pores introduced into the MiPL or MaPL that draw water away from the catalyst layer. This mechanism may only work if product water is in the supercooled state.
  • the mechanism was further divided into two sub-mechanisms, water stored in meso-pores of the added catalyst layer and those stored in the nano-pores of the NAFION of the added catalyst layer.
  • an ionomer or other hydrophilic polymer such as polystyrene sulfonic acid
  • polystyrene sulfonic acid is added to the MiPL or MaPL.
  • Other polymers such as hydrocarbon analogs of NAFION or hydrocarbon membrane materials may be added.
  • NAFION was added to U 107. The same amount and type of NAFION used in the ink was added in the same manner as the ink, described above. The increase in water storage capacity is about 60% of that observed with the UL ink even though the amount of NAFION is the same.
  • fibers of the MiPL or MaPL are coated and impregnated with materials having small, wettable pores, such as carbon black.
  • materials having small, wettable pores such as carbon black.
  • examples are inks made from Black Pearl 1000 carbon or Vulcan carbon (XC72), both available from Cabot. These may be immobilized with polyvinyl alcohol. Wettability may be induced by oxidation or surface treatment with tin and/or titanium hydroxide applied by a sol gel route.
  • the GDL can also be coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene, such as TEFLON, which is mixed with carbon black to improve hydrophilicity.
  • the concepts disclosed may be combined with other fuel cell water-management concepts taught elsewhere. For example, the disclosed concepts could be used in conjunction with a composite membrane that has improved water storage and transport properties, as taught in U.S. Patent Application 2009/0017344, assigned to the present

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, de l'eau produite lors d'un démarrage dans des conditions de température inférieure au point de congélation est recueillie par les diverses structures poreuses à l'intérieur de la pile à combustible. Dans un exemple, une interface entre une couche catalytique et une couche de diffusion gazeuse comprend un matériau sensible à la température qui absorbe/désorbe de façon variable l'eau afin d'augmenter de façon temporaire la capacité de stockage de l'eau à basse température. Dans un autre exemple, une couche catalytique possède une porosité supérieure à 40 % et contient une membrane hydrophile, un matériau à base d'acide perfluorosulfonique, et est d'un poids équivalent inférieur à 1 100 grammes de poids équivalent. Dans encore un autre exemple, une couche de diffusion gazeuse comporte un substrat de carbone traité avec un matériau de modification dans le but d'augmenter la capacité de stockage de l'eau de la pile à combustible dans des conditions de température inférieure au point de congélation.
PCT/US2009/043747 2009-05-13 2009-05-13 Structure à catalyseur de pile à combustible pem (à membrane d'échange de protons) et à couche de diffusion pour une plus grande capacité de stockage d'eau et une meilleure performance de démarrage à froid Ceased WO2010132050A1 (fr)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9461311B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-10-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Microporous layer for a fuel cell
EP3133688A1 (fr) 2015-08-19 2017-02-22 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif a pile a combustible et procede de fonctionnement d'un dispositif a pile a combustible
US9663600B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-05-30 Audi Ag Method of fabricating an electrolyte material
US9923224B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-03-20 Audi Ag Proton exchange material and method therefor
US9923223B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-03-20 Audi Ag Electrolyte membrane, dispersion and method therefor
CN110553969A (zh) * 2019-08-22 2019-12-10 西安交通大学 一种过热度可调的测量多孔介质低温芯吸特性的实验装置
US10505197B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2019-12-10 Audi Ag Unitized electrode assembly with high equivalent weight ionomer
CN113241460A (zh) * 2021-07-09 2021-08-10 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 质子交换膜燃料电池单体及其制造方法
CN113903936A (zh) * 2020-06-19 2022-01-07 罗伯特·博世有限公司 燃料电池中的图案化催化剂层
CN115360386A (zh) * 2022-10-20 2022-11-18 苏州中车氢能动力技术有限公司 一种燃料电池电堆堵水检测方法及新能源汽车
CN115863685A (zh) * 2022-12-23 2023-03-28 海卓动力(北京)能源科技有限公司 一种基于冷启动和超温保护的热泵式气体扩散层及其制备方法和应用

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US20050227140A1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2005-10-13 Gehard Beckmann Modified diffusion layer for use in a fuel cell system
US20060177726A1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Ji-Rae Kim Fuel cell
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US20070134545A1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-14 Feng-Yi Deng Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells and fabrication method thereof
US20090042091A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Supported catalyst layers for direct oxidation fuel cells

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US20050227140A1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2005-10-13 Gehard Beckmann Modified diffusion layer for use in a fuel cell system
US20060177726A1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Ji-Rae Kim Fuel cell
US20070087120A1 (en) * 2005-10-18 2007-04-19 Connors Donald F Jr Fluid diffusion layers
US20070134545A1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-14 Feng-Yi Deng Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells and fabrication method thereof
US20090042091A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Supported catalyst layers for direct oxidation fuel cells

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10505197B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2019-12-10 Audi Ag Unitized electrode assembly with high equivalent weight ionomer
US9663600B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-05-30 Audi Ag Method of fabricating an electrolyte material
US9923224B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-03-20 Audi Ag Proton exchange material and method therefor
US9923223B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2018-03-20 Audi Ag Electrolyte membrane, dispersion and method therefor
US9461311B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-10-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Microporous layer for a fuel cell
EP3133688A1 (fr) 2015-08-19 2017-02-22 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif a pile a combustible et procede de fonctionnement d'un dispositif a pile a combustible
DE102015215821A1 (de) 2015-08-19 2017-02-23 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
CN110553969A (zh) * 2019-08-22 2019-12-10 西安交通大学 一种过热度可调的测量多孔介质低温芯吸特性的实验装置
CN113903936A (zh) * 2020-06-19 2022-01-07 罗伯特·博世有限公司 燃料电池中的图案化催化剂层
CN113241460A (zh) * 2021-07-09 2021-08-10 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 质子交换膜燃料电池单体及其制造方法
CN115360386A (zh) * 2022-10-20 2022-11-18 苏州中车氢能动力技术有限公司 一种燃料电池电堆堵水检测方法及新能源汽车
CN115360386B (zh) * 2022-10-20 2022-12-23 苏州中车氢能动力技术有限公司 一种燃料电池电堆堵水检测方法及新能源汽车
CN115863685A (zh) * 2022-12-23 2023-03-28 海卓动力(北京)能源科技有限公司 一种基于冷启动和超温保护的热泵式气体扩散层及其制备方法和应用
CN115863685B (zh) * 2022-12-23 2025-08-29 海卓动力(北京)能源科技有限公司 一种基于冷启动和超温保护的热泵式气体扩散层及其制备方法和应用

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