WO2010141514A2 - Procédé de synchronisation stéréoscopique de verres à obturateur actif - Google Patents

Procédé de synchronisation stéréoscopique de verres à obturateur actif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010141514A2
WO2010141514A2 PCT/US2010/036965 US2010036965W WO2010141514A2 WO 2010141514 A2 WO2010141514 A2 WO 2010141514A2 US 2010036965 W US2010036965 W US 2010036965W WO 2010141514 A2 WO2010141514 A2 WO 2010141514A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
source
synchronization signals
local
synchronization
glasses
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PCT/US2010/036965
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WO2010141514A3 (fr
Inventor
James Mentz
Samuel Caldwell
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Bit Cauldron Corp
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Bit Cauldron Corp
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Priority to EP10783962.3A priority Critical patent/EP2438763A4/fr
Publication of WO2010141514A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010141514A2/fr
Publication of WO2010141514A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010141514A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/341—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using temporal multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2213/00—Details of stereoscopic systems
    • H04N2213/008—Aspects relating to glasses for viewing stereoscopic images

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to stereoscopic 3D image viewing methods and apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to stereoscopic 3D image viewing devices and systems incorporating robust synchronization capability.
  • One approach has been with the use of polarized glasses, where the left and right lenses have a fixed orthogonal polarization (e.g. clockwise-circular and counter-clockwise- circular polarization).
  • the inventors of the present invention have determined that such systems have a number of drawbacks.
  • One such drawback includes that such systems typically rely upon images provided by a light projector and thus such systems are limited for use in darkened environments.
  • Another drawback includes that such systems typically reply upon expensive silver or metalized reflective screens, that maintain the appropriate polarization of light from the projector to the right and left eye images. Such screens are often too expensive for the average consumer.
  • Additional drawbacks include that both left and right eye images are displayed to the user at the same time and polarizers are often imperfect, further, light can change polarization when it reflects off a screen, accordingly, despite the polarized glasses, right eye images are often visible to the left eye and left eye images are often visible to the right eye. This light pollution degrades the quality of the 3D images and can be termed as "ghosting" of 3D images.
  • Some techniques may include deliberate degradation of left eye images to account for right eye image ghosting and the deliberate degradation of right eye images to account for left eye image ghosting.
  • the inventors believe that such techniques are disadvantageous as they tend to reduce the contrast of objects in an image, and they may result in a visible halo around objects in the image.
  • 3D versions of features often do not appear as aesthetically pleasing as 2D versions of such features.
  • FIG. IA illustrates a typical stereoscopic system. As illustrated, such systems typically include a computer 1, an infrared transmitter 3, a display 12, and a pair of liquid crystal display glasses (LCD shutter glasses) 8.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • computer 1 alternatively provides left eye images and right eye images on signal line 2, in addition to a signal that distinguishes when the left eye image or right eye image is displayed.
  • IR transmitter 3 outputs infrared data 6 that indicate when the right eye image is being output and when the left eye image is being output.
  • the inventors note that many different manufacturers currently have different IR data packet definitions and protocols. For example, one simple format for infrared data is a simple square wave with a high signal indicating left and a low signal indicating right; and another format includes a 8-bit word. Because of these different data formats, IR transmitters from one manufacturer often cannot be used with LCD glasses from another manufacturer.
  • infrared data 6 is received by LCD glasses 8, and in response, for example, the right LCD of the LCD glasses 8 becomes opaque and the left LCD becomes translucent (e.g. clear,), or the left LCD of the LCD glasses 8 becomes opaque and the right LCD becomes translucent.
  • the right LCD becomes translucent display 12 is displaying a right eye image
  • the left LCD becomes translucent display 12 is displaying a left eye image.
  • One such limitation includes the difficulty in synchronizing the glasses to the images that are displayed. Synchronization data is typically based upon when the images are provided to the 3D display. Limitations to such approaches, determined by the inventors includes that both latency and timing jitter are introduced as it is processed and rendered by the 3D display device. In various embodiments, jitter as little as 50 microseconds or 10 microseconds can affect the performance of the glasses. As a result of such latency and jitter information, the LCD lenses or shutters are often opened and closed often at improper times, e.g. out of phase, with some of the image intended for the left eye being shown to the right eye and vice versa. This is perceivable by the user as light pollution or ghosting effects. Additionally, as the inventors have determined that the phase difference is not constant and is subject to jitter, the user may see the image brightness change or flicker undesirably.
  • Fig. IB illustrates a more detailed typical signal diagram of a stereoscopic system.
  • computer 1 may include a computer graphic subsystem clock 15 from which the left / right images displayed to display 12 are controlled.
  • Various timing signals 19 (e.g. left / right timing) are initially synchronous with computer graphics subsystem's clock 15.
  • timing signals 15 are typically vulnerable to the addition of random disturbances 16 including jitter, delay, and loss of signal from sources including delays in the computer hardware or operating system while propagating from the computer's graphics subsystem to embedded or externally attached signal transmitter 3.
  • a transmitted signal 17 is also vulnerable to the further addition of additional random disturbances 18 including jitter, delay, and loss of signal from interferences and attenuation sources while propagating from the transmitter 3 to glasses 8. Because these disturbances are random, it is impossible for delay adjustment 13 to properly compensate or account for the disturbances.
  • the collective effect of disturbances 16 and 18 is that in the prior art glasses 8 exhibit undesirable behavior including flicker, double vision in each eye and other function which ruins or interferes with the stereoscopic effect for the viewer or results in visual disturbances.
  • Fig. 1C illustrates a typical timing diagram illustrating jitter, delay, dropped signals, and the like.
  • frames one and three may be typical times where the left-eye shutter should open and frames two and four may be typical times where the right-eye shutter of the 3D glasses should be open.
  • frame one signal 28 (various timing signals 19) may be synchronous with graphic subsystem clock 15, but because of a delay 32, the left-eye shutter is opened at time 20.
  • the amount of delay 33 may change, resulting in the signal jittering.
  • This jittering may delay the time 21 when the right-eye shutter should be opened (shortening the amount of time the right-eye image is viewed causing a darker right-eye image) or may cause the right-eye shutter to open too early (when a left-eye image is being displayed, causing a ghosting effect).
  • the left-eye shutter may not open at time 22 and the right-eye shutter may not close at time 22.
  • the user's right eye would be exposed to both the right and left image (ghosting), while the left eye image would appear darker.
  • the random jittering may reduce the viewer's enjoyment in watching 3D images.
  • One approach to reduce such latency or jitter effects has been to reduce the amount of time the left LCD shutter and the amount of time the right LCD shutter are translucent.
  • the left shutter instead of the left shutter being open for example 50% of the time, the left shutter may be open 35% of the time, or the like. This reduction in open time should reduce the amount of ghosting.
  • the inventors recognize drawbacks to such approach to image ghosting.
  • One such drawback is the reduction in net amount of light transmitted to the user's eyes. In particular, as the exposure time for each eye is reduced, the user will perceive a darkening of the images for each eye. Accordingly, a 3D version of a feature will appear darker and duller compared to a 2D version of the feature when using IR-type shutter glasses.
  • Another limitation is the use of the IR communications channel itself. The inventors of the present invention have determined that LCD glasses based upon IR receivers often lose synchronization with the display as a result of stray reflections.
  • IR LCD glasses may become confused as a result of sunlight reflecting from household objects; heat sources such candles, open flames, heat lamps; IR remote controls (e.g. television remotes, game controllers); light sources (e.g. florescent lights); and the like.
  • IR LCD Glasses may also lose synchronization as a result of clothing, hair, portions of other users bodies (e.g. head), or the like, that temporarily obscure an IR receiver of the LCD glasses. The loss of synchronization may lead the user to seeing a series of flickering or rolling images and / or the left eye seeing the right eye image. The inventors believe these types of anomalies are highly disturbing to most users and should be inhibited or minimized.
  • each 3D display system includes its own IR transmitter and 2D field timing and phase data.
  • a user's IR LCD glasses may receive IR transmissions from either of the 3D display systems. Because of this, although a user is viewing a first 3D display, the user's 3D glasses may be synchronizing to a different 3D display, causing the user to undesirably view flickering and rolling images.
  • the inventors of the present invention thus recognize that multiple 3D display systems cannot easily be used in applications such as for public gaming exhibitions, tournaments, or contests, trade shows, in stadiums, in restaurants or bars, or the like.
  • An additional drawback to conventional 3D shutter glasses includes the real-world introduction of latency and jitter into the system.
  • Such uncorrelated latency and jitter typically affects the synchronization information as it is transmitted to the 3D shutter glasses and the electrical or electromechanical shutters of the 3D glasses as they are actuated.
  • the inventors believe that as a result of the latency and jitter, it is likely that the shutters of the 3D glasses and the image being displayed will repeatedly be in and out of phase. To a user, a result is that some of the images intended for the left eye will be shown to the right eye and vice versa.
  • the perception of this phase discrepancy is commonly called ghosting and causes the images to jitter, causes changes in perceived brightness of the images, and / or causes disruptive flickering of the images.
  • the present invention relates to stereoscopic 3D image viewing methods and apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to stereoscopic 3D image viewing devices incorporating robust synchronization capability.
  • a stereoscopic 3D image viewing device is based upon liquid crystal display (LCD) shutters that are synchronized to a source of 3D images.
  • the synchronization is based upon RF protocols such as Bluetooth, ZigBee radio (ZigBee Alliance), IEEE Standard 802.11, IEEE Standard 802.15.4, or any other type of RF communications protocol.
  • the stereoscopic 3D image viewing device may transmit data back to the source of 3D images, via the RF communications mechanism or protocol, to increase the level of synchronization between the two devices.
  • a system, method, and apparatus of perceiving stereoscopic 3D can be generated which improves the level of synchronization between the alternating images and the alternating action of shutter glasses.
  • a system, apparatus, method, and computer-readable media are provided to enable stereoscopic viewing.
  • the physical method of connecting the display system to stereoscopic glasses is the IEEE 802.11 wireless radio, , IEEE 802.15.4 wireless radio, ZigBee radio or Bluetooth technology. This allows a user to move one's head into positions that would normally lose reception of wireless transmissions (e.g.
  • a shutter glasses control timer and multi-layer timer feedback loop are provided to 3D glasses for improved stereoscopic viewing.
  • the control timer and multi-layer timer feedback loop operate the liquid crystal shutter action of the 3D glasses.
  • these components utilize the 3D source synchronization signal (e.g. system), in one example the VESA signal, along with RF- based communications mechanisms, as discussed herein, e.g. IEEE 802.15.4 wireless radio.
  • the RF-based communications channel between the display system and the 3D stereoscopic glasses allows a user to move his head into positions and to locations that would normally cause loss of reception of 3D glasses based upon infrared transmissions.
  • the shutter control timer and multi-layer feedback loop improves the three dimensional perception by eliminating jitter and noise in the system (3D source) synchronization signal.
  • the shutter control timer and multi-layer feedback loop of the 3D glasses can quickly synchronize with the system synchronization signal and can maintain the synchronization of the display and shutter action of the glasses although actual synchronization may be temporarily lost. Such embodiments improve the user's 3D experience.
  • such shutter control timer includes hardware based upon a microprocessor in the LC shutter glasses.
  • the microprocessor receives the timing information (e.g. system synchronization signals) received from the 3D system synchronization source via wireless signal and the feedback loop synchronizes the localized control timer within the 3D glasses with the system synchronization signal.
  • the timer control system in the 3D glasses Based upon the localized clock, in the short term absence of input synchronization information or in short periods of high signal jitter, the timer control system in the 3D glasses does not adjust the frequency of phase of the LCD switching, and relies upon its own internal clock. Accordingly, in such conditions, the synchronization between display and shutter action is maintained.
  • a method for synchronization between the video transmitter and the shutter glasses. Synchronization is provided via a protocol that provides timing information such as a beacon offset or any series of packets that is used as the energy to excite a clock. A precision timing protocol may be utilized to provide synchronization between the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the shutter glasses and the transmission device may include executable computer programs resident in a memory that instructs a respective processor to perform specific functions or operations, such as to transmit data, to determine a latency, or the like.
  • a method for operating a pair of shutter glasses including a right LCD shutter and a left LCD shutter includes receiving synchronization data via radio frequency transmissions from a radio frequency transmitter, and determining shutter timings for the right LCD shutter and the left LCD shutter in response to the synchronization data.
  • a technique may include applying the shutter timings to the right LCD shutter and the left LCD shutter to enable the viewer to view right-eye images via the right LCD shutter and left-eye images via the left LCD shutter.
  • a method for transmitting stereoscopic display information includes: converting one or more video synchronization signals into wireless radio signals; and decoding the wireless radio signal in a pair of shutter glasses or other device; wherein the wireless radio is the IEEE Standard 802.11, WiFi, or components thereof.
  • a method for transmitting stereoscopic display information includes: a pair of shutter glasses or other consumer electronics device which contains a localized clock such that the device remains synchronous to the video display system even when the connection to the source transmitting the synchronization information is interrupted or is not present.
  • the synchronization information between the display system and the glasses or other device are determined by a precision timing protocol in which bidirectional communication of timing information occurs.
  • a method for transmitting stereoscopic display information includes: a pair of shutter glasses or other consumer electronics device which receives synchronous information from the video display system, and a means and method of storing the delay and synchronization information in the transmitter or the video source generating computer, home theater system, or device.
  • the delay and synchronization information are stored and then transmitted to multiple devices to allow multiple users to simultaneously use the same system.
  • a method for transmitting stereoscopic display information includes: a pair of shutter glasses or other consumer electronics device which receives synchronous information from the video display system, and a means of determining the delay and synchronization information through information contained in the display and transmitter from the display via the video signal cable.
  • a method for transmitting stereoscopic display information including: a transmitter of synchronization information and a pair of shutter glasses or other consumer electronics device which is capable of receiving synchronization information from infrared, visible light and radio sources.
  • the shutter glasses or other receiving device can incorporate a computer program which allows the device to automatically determine which source or sources of synchronization information are available and automatically use the best source or sources.
  • shutter glasses includes various radio frequency receiving capability along with a feedback mechanism and a localized clock. The introduction of a synchronized timer in the shutter glasses improves the synchronization between the alternating source images and the alternating action of shutter glasses . It is with respect to these considerations that a LC shutter control timer and multi-layer timer feedback loop are provided for improved perception of stereoscopic 3D viewing.
  • a method of combining stereoscopic glasses with a wireless headset, Bluetooth headset, or stereo Bluetooth headset is disclosed.
  • a method of combining ordinary or automatically darkening sunglasses with a wireless headset, Bluetooth headset, or stereo Bluetooth headset is disclosed.
  • a three-dimensional viewing device for providing images to a user.
  • One apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive source 3D synchronization signals from a transmitting device, wherein the source 3D synchronization signals comprise a source frequency and a source phase.
  • a device may include a plurality of LCD shutters including a right LCD shutter and a left LCD shutter, wherein the right LCD shutter and the left LCD shutter are configured to alternatively enter a translucent state in response to local 3D synchronization signals.
  • a system may include a localized timing source coupled to the receiver and to the plurality of LCD shutters, wherein the localized timing source is configured to generate the local 3D synchronization signals in response to the source 3D synchronization signals, and an adjustment portion coupled to the localized timing source and to the receiver, wherein the adjustment circuit is configured to adjust parameters of the local 3D synchronization signals in response to parameters of the source 3D synchronization signals.
  • a method for operating a three-dimensional viewing device including a right LCD shutter and a left LCD shutter includes receiving source 3D synchronization signals from a transmitting device, wherein the source 3D synchronization signals comprise a source frequency and a source phase, and generating a local 3D synchronization signals in response to the source 3D synchronization signals.
  • a process may include adjusting parameters of the local 3D synchronization signals in response to parameters of the source 3D synchronization signals, and driving the right LCD shutter and the left LCD shutter with the local 3D synchronization signals, wherein the right LCD shutter and the left LCD shutter are configured to alternatively enter a translucent state in response to local 3D synchronization signals.
  • FIGS. IA-C are block diagrams illustrating aspects of the prior art
  • FIGS. 2A-D include block diagrams of various embodiments of the present invention illustrating the process of elements of a system in which stereoscopic glasses are synchronized with the display device by incorporation of a wireless radio into the system;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a process according to various embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of various embodiments of the present invention illustrating a method of sending image information to a display in which the frames which compose the image are sent sequentially;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates various embodiments incorporated into a mobile phone's hardware, firmware, and software and into a pair of stereoscopic shutter glasses
  • FIG. 6 illustrates various embodiments incorporated into a mobile phone, some of the methods are incorporated into a pair of stereoscopic shutter glasses, and other methods are incorporated into a cradle or other device that attaches to the mobile phone;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates various embodiments incorporated into a pair of stereoscopic shutter glasses combined with a mobile phone headset
  • FIG. 8 illustrates various embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 9 illustrates various embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a block diagram according to various embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a block diagram according to various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2A-D illustrate various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2A-D illustrate various arrangements of embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A includes a 3D source 34 of image data, a transmission device 37, a display 43, and shutter glasses 42.
  • 3D source 34 may be a computer, a Blu-ray or DVD player, a gaming console, a portable media player, set-top-box, home theater system, preamplifier, a graphics card of a computer, a cable box, or the like
  • 3D display 43 may be any 3D display device such as an LCD/Plasma/OLED display, a DLP display, a projection display, or the like.
  • transmission device 37 and shutter glasses 42 may be embodied by a product developed by the assignee of the current patent application, Bit Cauldron Corporation of Gainesville, FL.
  • shutter glasses 42 may be implemented with mechanical shutters or LCD shutters.
  • LCD shutters based upon twisted nemic, super-twisted nemic, or pi-cell technology may be used.
  • 3D source 34 sends 3D display signals to display 43 through a video cable 35, typically through a standards-based interface such as VGA, DVI, HDMI, Display Port (DP), or the like.
  • Such 3D display signals are often configured as one or more interleaved full right-eye images then full left-eye images (e.g. field sequential); double wide (e.g. side by side) or double height (e.g. stacked) images including both left and right images; images interleaved with right-eye images and left-eye images on a pixel by pixel basis; or the like.
  • a transmission device 37 e.g.
  • a radio transmitter may be inserted between the 3D source 34 or other video source and 3D display 43.
  • transmission device 37 determines 3D timing information by decoding the 3D display signals as they pass through to display 43 on signal line or cable 44.
  • transmission device 37 includes a transmitter based upon radio frequency (RF) signals.
  • the RF signals may use or may be combined with any conventional transmission protocol such as IEEE Standard 802.15.1 (e.g. Bluetooth), IEEE 802.11 (e.g. Wi-Fi), IEEE Standard 802.15.4 (e.g. ZigBee Alliance radio), or the like.
  • synchronization signals 40 are then transmitted via antenna 39.
  • transmission device 37 may be a stand-alone device, e.g. a dongle, a USB "key,” or the like and transmission device 37 may be powered by power source 36 and 38, self-powered, powered from 3D data source, USB powered, or the like. In other embodiments, transmission device 37 may incorporated into another device, such as 3D source 34, 3D display 43, a pre-amp lifter, or the like.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates additional embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2B includes a source of 3D images 100, a transmission device 110, and a 3D display 120.
  • 3D image source 100 provides 3D images (e.g.
  • FIG. 2C illustrates additional embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2C includes a source of 3D images 160, a transmission device 170, and a 3D display 180.
  • 3D image source 160 provides 3D images (e.g.
  • 3D display 180 provides a synchronization signal along signal line 200 to transmission device 170.
  • 3D display 180 includes an industry standard interface such as a VESA miniDIN-3 connector, USB connector, or the like, to which transmission device 170 may be coupled.
  • FIG. 2D illustrates other additional embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2D includes a source of 3D images 220, a transmission device 230, and a 3D display 240.
  • 3D image source 220 provides 3D images (e.g. double-wide or double-height images including both right and left images) to 3D display 240 via a signal line 250 such as a VGA, DVI, HDMI cable, Display Port (DP), or the like.
  • transmission device 230 may be disposed within 3D display 240.
  • transmission device 230 may be installed within the manufacturing facility of 3D display 240, or the like.
  • 2D display 240 may also power transmission device 230.
  • 3D display 240 provides a (derived) synchronization signal along signal line 260 to transmission device 230.
  • shutter glasses 42 include a radio receiver 41 that receives the synchronization signals 40.
  • shutter glasses 42 alternatively changes the properties of one lens from translucent to opaque (e.g. dark) to translucent and of the other lens from opaque to translucent (e.g. clear) to opaque.
  • a user / viewer views 3D display images 45 from display 43 at the proper timing. More particularly, the user's right eye is then exposed to a right-eye image from 3D display images 45, and then the user's left eye is then exposed to a left-eye image from 3D display images 45, etc.
  • transmission device 37 based upon a radio frequency transmitter has several advantages over an infrared transmitter.
  • One advantage recognized is that radio signals can be received in many situations where an infrared signal would be blocked. For example this allows the user of a pair of 3D shutter glasses or the like, to move their head much farther away from the 3D display or transmission device than if IR were used, and allows the user to move throughout a room with a larger range of motion while maintaining synchronization with the 3D display.
  • RF transmitters allow other people or objects to pass in front the user / viewer without interrupting the signal.
  • Another advantage goes beyond the improved range and reliability of radio technology for synchronization purposes.
  • infrared is itself a benefit, as infrared signals can interfere with remote controls, such as those popular in households and home theater systems. Additionally, another benefit includes that IR receivers are often interfered with and are confused by IR remote controls, natural and artificial light sources, and video displays themselves
  • shutter glasses 42 may include its own localized clock. Benefits to such a configuration include that it allows shutter glasses 42 to remain approximately synchronized to display 43 even though the connection to transmission device 37 is interrupted and / or synchronization signals 40 are not received.
  • a precision timing protocol can be used so that the clock that is local to shutter glasses 42 is synchronized with a clock within transmission device 37 and / or the 3D display signals.
  • a precision timing protocol may include the transmission of data packets with a time stamp time associated with the 3D display signals to shutter glasses 42. In other embodiments, the protocol may include transmission of a data packet with a time stamp associated with shutter glasses 42 to transmission device 37.
  • shutter glasses 42 receive the time stamp from the 3D data source, compares the received time stamp to its local clock and returns a data packet with its local time stamp. Using this information, transmission device 37 can determine a round-trip time for data between transmission device 37 and shutter glasses 42. In some embodiments of the present invention, the round-trip time offset is evenly divided between transmission device 37 and shutter glasses 42. In other embodiments, if one or both devices are capable of determining a difference in speed or lag between the two transmissions, then a more precise determination of the relative values of both clocks (offsets) can be determined. As a result, in various embodiments, more precise synchronization between the two clocks can be established.
  • the difference in rate (e.g. frequency) between the two clocks (transmission device 37 or 3D source 34 and shutter glasses 42) can be more precisely determined.
  • the period of time between the determination of a latency process may be made small, e.g. once a minute; and if there is a higher degree of consistency in the latencies, the period of time between the determination of a latency process may be increased, e.g. once every ten minutes.
  • Embodiments of the present invention enable the use of multiple pairs of shutter glasses 42.
  • a single pair of shutter glasses 42 may be used to determine delay and jitter as discussed was discussed above.
  • a simpler protocol such as a unidirectional or broadcast protocol, may be used by transmission device 37 to communicate this synchronization information to the remaining pairs of shutter glasses.
  • the delay and jitter information can be stored in transmission device 37, in 3D source 34, or other consumer electronics device generating the 3D data, either in a volatile or non-volatile manner.
  • this data may be determined using bidirectional communications on cable 44, such as the DisplayPort protocol, or the like, as illustrated in FIG. 2C.
  • Communications protocols such as display data channel (DDC and DDC2) protocols, PanelLink serial protocol or a similar protocols allows the display to communicate information back to the computer, home theater system, video source, or the like.
  • this serial protocol can be enhanced to provide the appropriate latency and synchronization characteristics of 3D display 43 back to 3D source 34 and / or transmission device 37.
  • these protocols can be used to determine the manufacturer, vendor, or other identifying information for 3D display 34, and a table of pre-determined synchronization information can be retrieved, either locally, across a local area network, across a network, or the like This information may include an appropriate delay and synchronization information for respective 3D displays.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a process according to various embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, FIG. 3 illustrates a process for synchronizing shutter glasses to a source of 3D images.
  • a 3D data source provides 3D images, step L.
  • the 3D images may be provided in any number of specific formats, such as right and left images: sequentially transmitted, packed vertically or horizontally into a single image and transmitted, combined on a pixel by pixel basis into a single image and transmitted, or the like.
  • 3D data source may provide specific timing data.
  • synchronization data such as an identifier of a timing clock resident on 3D data source is determined, step 310.
  • this may include a packet of data including a source time stamp, or the like.
  • the synchronization data may then be transmitted through radio frequency transmissions to a first pair of shutter glasses, step 320.
  • the shutter glasses receive the source time stamp and synchronizes the operation of the right / left shutters to the synchronization data, step 330.
  • the synchronization data can then be maintained within the shutter glasses by an internal clock within such glasses, step 340.
  • the internal clock can be resynchronized.
  • Such embodiments are believed to be advantageous as the glasses need not wait for synchronization data from the 3D data source to be able to switch. Accordingly, synchronization data from the transmission device may be dropped or lost while the shutter glasses continue to operate properly. When synchronization data is reestablished, the synchronization described above may be performed.
  • RF communications using the ZigBee radio occur at 2.4 GHz, the same band as most Wi-Fi transmissions.
  • embodiments of the present shutter glasses are designed to inhibit communications, and defer to such Wi-Fi signals.
  • the shutter glasses will continue to operate autonomously, until the interference stops and new synchronization data is received from the transmission server.
  • the shutter glasses may transmit data back to the RF transmission device. More specifically, the shutter glasses may transmit the received source time stamp and / or the glasses time stamp back to the transmission device via the same RF communications channel, or the like, step 350.
  • the transmission device may determine adjustments to subsequent synchronization data that will be sent to the shutter glasses, step 360.
  • the transmission device may determine that it should output synchronization data to the shutter glasses, even before the synchronization data is determined or received from the 3D data source.
  • the shutter glasses may trigger its shutters 100 microseconds before the expected arrival of a synchronization pulse.
  • this adjustment to synchronization data may be used to drive 3D glasses of other viewers of the 3D image.
  • 3D glasses of other viewers in the room may also have synchronization data adjusted using the process described above. In such embodiments, the transmission device may output the synchronization data at different times for different 3D glasses.
  • the shutter glasses may verify that they are in sync. If not, the shutter glasses may adjust the frequency of its own internal clocks until they are kept in a higher amount of synchronization.
  • the process may be repeated.
  • the synchronization process may be performed periodically, with the period dependent upon how well the 3D data source and the shutter clock stays remain in synchronization - if highly synchronized, the synchronization process may be performed at longer time periods apart (e.g. 2 minutes) than if these devices continually have synchronization problems (e.g. every 10 seconds).
  • Various embodiments of the present invention may include shutter glasses or other devices that includes multiple physical methods for receiving synchronization information.
  • some embodiments may contain both an infrared and radio receiver; an infrared and visible light receiver; a radio or visible light receiver; a combination of infrared, visible light and radio receivers; or the like.
  • the shutter glasses or other receiving device may include executable computer program that instructs a processor to automatically determine which communications channel or channels are available, and automatically use the communications channel having the strongest signal, lowest number of dropped data packets, or the like.
  • the combination of a visible light receiver e.g.
  • IR with another synchronization transmission technology
  • another synchronization transmission technology e.g. RF
  • the information transmitted via visible light and the synchronization information transmitted via another transmission technology may be combined within shutter glasses 42 to deduce unknown elements of the delay in 3D display 43 and other synchronization information.
  • the data from the different communication channels are compared to more precisely synchronize 3D display 43 and shutter glasses 42.
  • the two communications channels can be used to verify that a left image displayed on 3D display 43 is going to the left eye and the right image displayed on 3D display 43 is going to the right eye. In such an example, this would preventing the error of a reversal of synchronization information somewhere in the system that results in the sending the left image to the right eye and vice versa.
  • shutter glasses 42 may be used to provide a variety of new functions.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates typical video output timing where frame one 26, frame two 28, frame three 30 and frame four 32 are output sequentially.
  • left images (frames) and right images (frames) are alternatively output.
  • frame one 26 is left
  • frame two 28 is right
  • frame three 30 is left
  • frame four 32 is right, creating the sequence L, R, L, R images to the user.
  • Various embodiments of the present invention may be applied to 3D displays having display rates on the order of 120Hz and higher.
  • the refresh rate is 120 Hz
  • right and left images will be displayed and refreshed at 60 Hz. Accordingly, the viewer should not be able to detect significant flickering, however, the viewer may detect a darkening of the images.
  • the higher refresh rate may enable new features, as described below.
  • more than one left image and right image may be output.
  • multiple viewers may view a 3D display, and different viewers may see different 3D images.
  • a two viewer sequence of output images may be user 1 left, user 1 right, user 2 left, user 2 right, etc. This could be represented as: Ll, Rl, L2, R2.
  • shutter glasses of a first viewer will allow the first viewer will see images Ll and Rl and a shutter glasses of a second viewer will allow the second viewer will see images L2 and R2.
  • other sequences are contemplated, such as Ll, L2, Rl, R2, and the like.
  • refresh rate for a 3D display having a 240 Hz refresh rate, a viewer will see the respective right and left images at a refresh rate of 60Hz. As noted above, this frequency should be above the typical sensitivity of the eye, however, viewers may detect a darker image. Such artifacts may be mitigated by increasing the brightness of the images, or the like.
  • FIG. 1 Other embodiments may be extended to additional (e.g. three or more viewers).
  • Applications of such embodiments may include for computer or console gaming, or the like.
  • two or more viewers may initially see the same 3D image, and subsequently one or more viewers "break off to view a different 3D image.
  • three people could be playing a multiplayer game in which all three are traveling together and see the same 3D images.
  • one player then breaks away from the other players.
  • the player's glasses can be reprogrammed to allow the third person to see a different 3D image. Subsequently, the third person may return to the group, and then see the same 3D image.
  • a sequence of images output by the 3D display could begin with L0-R0-L0-R0, where 0 indicates everyone in the party.
  • the 3D display could switch and output images in a sequence such as L1&2, R1&2, L3, R3; L1&2, L3, R1&2, R3; or the like.
  • the sequence may revert to LO, RO, LO, RO.
  • switching back and forth may occur with little, if any, visible interruption in the 3D images viewed by the viewer.
  • the inventors recognize that the brightness of each frame may have to be adjusted to correct for the changes in overall viewing time.
  • sequences of images enable still other types functionality.
  • one sequence of frames can be sent such that viewers wearing 3D glasses see a stereo display and viewers without glasses see only one side of the image (e.g. left or right).
  • a three frame sequence may include: Left, Right, Left- minus-Right.
  • a user using embodiments of the present invention may see a stereoscopic image by viewing the left image in their left eye and the right image in their right eye. That user would be prevented from viewing the Left minus Right image.
  • L, R, (L-R) 2L, or only the left image with both eyes.
  • separate anti-left, anti-right images or both may also be sent.
  • theater-goers can decide whether they care to watch the same movie or feature with or without 3D glasses; game players can play in 3D while viewers watch the same display in 2D.
  • users not utilizing embodiments of the 3D glasses may view other arbitrary images.
  • the viewer with 3D glasses may see the left image in the left eye and the right image in the right eye, and may not see the Arbitrary image.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates additional embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, FIG. 5 illustrates a general purpose consumer device (e.g. mobile phone, personal media player, laptop, or the like) capable of 3D image output.
  • the synchronization information to the shutter glasses may be provided by with the consumer device including embodiments of the RF transmitter described above, or unused or available transmitters available in the consumer device.
  • Various examples may use infrared, WiFi, Bluetooth, or the like, to provide synchronization signals to shutter glasses according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates additional embodiments of the present invention wherein existing consumer devices (e.g. mobile phone) may be augmented to better support stereoscopic 3D viewing.
  • a cradle or dongle which attaches to the mobile device or holds the mobile device may be used.
  • the cradle or dongle may incorporate a projection system such that the image may be projected at a larger size than the screen on the mobile device.
  • the cradle or dongle or consumer device may also provide the synchronization signals to the shutter glasses.
  • the cradle or dongle may include a ZigBee radio-type transmitter (IEEE 802.15.4) that transmits the synchronization data to the shutter glasses, or the like.
  • IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee radio-type transmitter
  • stereoscopic shutter glasses that are to be used with the consumer device described above, can be used for other purposes.
  • glasses incorporate a visible light sensor, they can be worn as ordinary sunglasses but make improved automatic decisions about the appropriate level of perceived darkening.
  • This information can be based on computer algorithms, information about the user and the environment that is stored on a mobile device; information retrieved from a computer network via the mobile device, and the like.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a user of the consumer device may desire to perform multiple functions at the same time, such as: talk on a Bluetooth headset, view stereoscopic 3D content, and wear sunglasses.
  • Embodiments illustrated in Fig. 7 may include a pair of shutter glasses 57 combined with a pair of sunglasses and a Bluetooth or stereo mobile Bluetooth headset with a left earpiece 58 and a right earpiece 55, or the like.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates various embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a block diagram of various embodiments of a dongle 400 providing RF transmissions, as described above.
  • a physical interface 410 is illustrated.
  • physical interface 410 may be a DVI port, HDMI port, Display Port (DP), USB, VESA 1997.11, or the like, for coupling to a source of 3D data (e.g. computer, DVD / BluRay player, HD display, monitor, etc.).
  • the 3D data may include 3D image data
  • the 3D data may include 3D timing data.
  • an interface chip or block 420 may provide the electronic interface to physical interface 410.
  • a processing device such as a CPLD (complex programmable logic device) 430 may be used to decode 3D synchronization data from 3D image data or 3D timing data.
  • 3D synchronization data 440 is then provided to an RF interface device 450 that references a clock 440.
  • RF interface device 450 is a TI CC2530 System on a Chip, that includes a 8051 MCU (processor), RAM, Flash memory, and a IEEE 802.14.4 ZigBee RF transceiver.
  • the flash memory is configured to store executable computer code or instructions that directs the processor to perform various functions, as described herein.
  • the flash memory includes computer code that directs the processor to transmit the 3D synchronization data to the 3D glasses, to receive timing data back from the 3D glasses, to determine a round-trip communication latency, to adjust 3D synchronization data in response to the round-trip communication latency, and the like, as described above.
  • dongle 400 may include an output port or 460 driven by an output interface 470.
  • the output port may be a DVI port, HDMI port, Display Port (DP), or the like providing 3D image data to a 3D display (e.g. an display, projector, etc.).
  • Fig. 9 illustrates various embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a pair of shutter glasses 500 according to various embodiments of the present invention.
  • Shutter glasses 500 is illustrated to include an RF interface device 510 that references a clock 540 and a pair of electronically controlled LCD shutter elements 520 and 530.
  • 3D synchronization data 550 is received in RF interface device 510.
  • RF interface device 510 is also an TI CC2530 System on a Chip, that includes a 8051 MCU (processor), RAM, Flash memory, and a IEEE 802.14.4 ZigBee RF transceiver.
  • the flash memory is configured to store executable computer code or instructions that directs the processor to perform various functions, as described herein.
  • the flash memory includes computer code that directs the processor to receive the 3D synchronization data, to change the states of/ drive shutter elements 520 and 530 at the appropriate timing (e.g.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a block diagram according to various embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, a functional block diagram for a pair of shutter glasses 641 according to various embodiments is illustrated.
  • a computer system 363 uses a graphics subsystem clock 637 to determine properly synchronized shutter switching or timing data signals 638. Because of delays in the operating system communicating with the hardware, noise in the system, interferences in the communications to shutter glasses 641, etc., a cumulative delay 640 is imparted upon data signals 638. Accordingly, as illustrated, input data signals 642 are received by shutter glasses 641. As illustrated in Fig. 10, LCD shutters 650 are driven using recovered timing data 647 derived from timing data signals 638.
  • shutter glasses 641 includes a local clock source 646 in a receiving portion 648, that enables LCD shutters 650 to be synchronous (i.e. switch at the proper time) with the 3D display. Accordingly, when input data signals 642 are absent or are interrupted, the switching of LCD shutters 650 is maintained at the proper timing.
  • a precision timing protocol can be implemented in a processor, for example in RF interface device 510 (Fig. 9), to enable tracking of local clock source 646 to timing data signals 638.
  • the synchronization can be facilitated through the use of feedback timer control.
  • a feedback mechanism may include a comparison (644) between the expected time of arrival of a sequence signal, (e.g. recovered timing data 647) to the actual arrival of a sequence signal (e.g. input data signals 642).
  • the system can deduce that the sequence message has been lost and can continue to operate at the current frequency (provided by local clock source 646) until the reception of signal information (e.g. input data signals 642) is regained.
  • signal information e.g. input data signals 642
  • Such a condition may occur if the shutter glasses 641 is moved beyond the range of input data signals 642, if cumulative delay 640 is large, or the like.
  • the difference 644 between the expected signal time 647 and the actual arrival of the signal 642 is used as the input to a controller 651 such as a linear Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) controller, or the like.
  • PID linear Proportional, Integral, Derivative
  • more complicated controller algorithms can be used, such as a Linear Quadratic Regulator.
  • a Linear Quadratic Regulator can be combined with a feedback filter 649 such as a Kalman filter to make other linear, optimal and suboptimal filters, such as an H-2 or H- infinity controller.
  • comparator 643 and forward transfer function 651 can also perform nonlinear or statistical checks to differentiate between input data signals 642 which are slightly different than expected (646) and indicate that a correction of clock 646 may be appropriate.
  • a nonlinear test such as an outlier test, statistical test, comparison to a maximum expected error, or if statement is used to determine if a received sequence signal is absent, disturbed, delayed, or otherwise incorrect and the information from that incorrect signal is then ignored and not used to make any change to the local clock (646).
  • a multitude of signals repeatedly determined to be incorrect are used to determine that the local clock 646 is no longer synchronous with the source clock 638, possible because of a change in operation of the source clock, and a resynchronization process should be undertaken.
  • separate feedback loops are active when local clock 646 is not believed to be synchronous to the source clock and when the local clock 646 is believed to be synchronous to the source clock.
  • larger timing corrections 645 are provided to receiving portion 648 to broaden the hunt for synchronization with negligible overshoot. In cases when the clocks are synchronous, smaller timing corrections 645 may be applied.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a block diagram according to various embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, a functional block diagram for pair of shutter glasses 641 from Fig. 10 according to various embodiments is illustrated.
  • a smart transmitter 654 may be added to facilitate the synchronization action described. In various embodiments, smart transmitter 654 determines the frequency of the source clock 637 and sends the frequency information and other information to the receiver, as illustrated.
  • smart transmitter 654 contains its own local clock, feedback mechanism, and statistical tests similar to those in 3D glasses 641. In operation, disturbances 652 from the computer hardware, operating system, graphics subsystem or other sources are corrected or compensated prior to transmission of the sequence information to 3D glasses 641
  • smart transmitter may be embodied as a USB device that includes a transceiver for communicating with 3D glasses 641 using any one of the above-mentioned radio-frequency communications channels / protocols.
  • disturbances 653 may still be introduced into input data signal 642. These disturbances 653 are then corrected in the manner described above in Fig. 10. It is contemplated that disturbances 653 may have smaller delay and jitter compared to cumulative delay 640 in Fig. 10, accordingly, 3D glasses 641 may have a lower range of jitter to compensate for.
  • smart transmitter 654 may include additional information which 3D glasses 641 may use to improve the quality of the synchronization of local clock 648 with source clock 637.
  • smart transmitter 654 may determine the intended frequency of source clock 637 from an application programming interface or other mechanism on computer or system 636 and transmit that information to 3D glasses 641.
  • the transmitter can also use local or computer memory to story previous clock correction information provided by a working or previously working pair of glasses and propagate that information to new glasses or glasses which are repeating the synchronization process.
  • smart transmitter 654 may also include information in each message to allow 3D glasses 641 to determine when a left or right signal has been duplicated or missing (illustrated in Fig. 1C).
  • smart transmitter 654 may add a pattern that deterministically changes with every message, such as a number. That number may be termed a sequence number and may be incremented for each message.
  • the processor in 3D glasses 641 may check the pattern or sequence message to determine when an expectedly long delay has occurred due to loss of one or more messages, as opposed to clock synchronization error. Additionally, the processor in 3D glasses 641 may decide not to make any clock corrections based on this long delay. Additionally, the processor may use the sequence number to determine if message duplication has occurred.
  • smart transmitter 654 may also add a device identifier so that 3D glasses 641 (the receiver) does not attempt to synchronize with more than one transmitter. This may be valuable in situations such as a trade show, or the like where multiple sources of 3D image data are being simultaneously displayed.
  • 3D glasses may be configured to transmit timing data back to the 3D source.
  • the ability for bidirectional communications also allows a more precise timing protocol to be implemented between the 3D source and 3D glasses.
  • the transmitter (3D source) and the receiver (3D glasses) each run local clocks that operate at a multiple of the frequency (e.g. 20KHz) of the sequence information (e.g. 120Hz) and are divided down to a lower speed which matches the sequence information.
  • the transmitter and the receiver exchange a series of messages at the higher frequency containing timestamps which indicate the value of their local clocks. By exchanging a series of these messages the transmitter and receiver can determine the difference in speed of their local clocks and compensate for these differences. The result is that synchronization is achieved with a much higher precision than the period of the sequence information.
  • a user using a pair of 3D glasses that perceives stereoscopic information from one 3D display should not also perceive stereoscopic information from another 3D display at the same time. This is unless each 3D display is synchronized in time and uses the same left/right sequence. For example, all the 3D displays must start the left frame at the same time and the right frame at the same time. In examples such as an event with multiple monitors, synchronization between these 3D displays may be performed by coordination of the 3D source devices or a single 3D source device.
  • multiple 3D displays and 3D graphics subsystems may be act independently in the same field of view, such as in a trade show or a TV store.
  • a link which may provide the multidirectional information between multiple 3D display systems may be the bidirectional smart transmitter 654 discussed above.
  • the one smart transmitter may communicate with the 3D graphics subsystem to try to adjust the 3D graphics subsystem such that all 3D displays and systems are transmitting their left and right frames synchronously.
  • Embodiments described above may be useful for hand-held consumer devices such as cell-phones, personal media players, mobile internet devices, or the like. Other embodiments may also be applied to higher-end devices such as laptop computers, desktop computers, DVRs. BluRay players, gaming consoles, hand-held portable devices, or the like. Other embodiments may take advantage of existing IR transmission devices for IR shutter glasses. More specifically, in such embodiments, an IR to RF conversion portion may be added to receive the IR 3D output instructions and to convert them to RF 3D transmission signals, described above. In some embodiments, an RF receiver is thus used.
  • the RF 3D transmission signals are then transmitted to the RF 3D shutter glasses, described above.
  • Such embodiments can therefore be a simple upgrade to available IR 3D glasses transmitters.
  • feedback from shutter glasses to the transmitter device described above with regards to synchronization may be used for additional purposes.
  • One such embodiment may allow the 3D image source (e.g. a cable box, computer, or the like) to take the indication that a pair of shutter glasses are currently synchronized to mean a person is viewing the 3D content, and to provide that data back to a marketing company such as Media Metrics, Nielsen Ratings, or the like. By doing this, such market research companies may determine the number of viewers of specific 3D features, or the like.

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Abstract

Un dispositif de visualisation tridimensionnelle pour fournir des images à un utilisateur comprend un récepteur recevant des signaux de synchronisation tridimensionnelle de source d'un dispositif de transmission, les signaux de synchronisation tridimensionnelle de source comprenant une fréquence de source et une phase de source, une pluralité d'obturateurs à LCD comprenant un obturateur à LCD droit et un obturateur à LCD gauche, l'obturateur à LCD droit et l'obturateur à LCD gauche passant dans un état translucide en réponse à des signaux de synchronisation tridimensionnelle locaux, une source de synchronisation localisée pour générer les signaux de synchronisation tridimensionnelle locaux en réponse aux signaux de synchronisation tridimensionnelle de source, et une partie d'ajustement pour ajuster les paramètres des signaux de synchronisation tridimensionnelle locaux en réponse aux paramètres des signaux de synchronisation tridimensionnelle de source.
PCT/US2010/036965 2009-06-01 2010-06-01 Procédé de synchronisation stéréoscopique de verres à obturateur actif Ceased WO2010141514A2 (fr)

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US21806909P 2009-06-18 2009-06-18
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US25173909P 2009-10-15 2009-10-15
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